ID int64 0 400k | content stringlengths 97 5.85k |
|---|---|
21,200 | Please write an abstract with title: Study of Design of IoT based Digital Board for Real Time Data Delivery on National Highway, and key words: Temperature measurement, Visualization, Weather forecasting, Humidity, Real-time systems, Pollution measurement, Meteorology. Abstract: This article primarily presents the work of integration between the control system and the data acquisition process based on deriving current weather data on the signals used to produce the presented data and the second part includes hardware control. All interactions are integrations that create a smart digital display board. It has powerful content integration, multiple screen support, and easy to access. This unique feature makes them useful for developing smart digital boards. Instead of using sensors to collect weather data, the project receives data from various weather stations available worldwide, such as an international weather data provider such as weather, open weather maps, weather group API, Foreca, -Sky Sky, and earth weather online. The project is designed to build an efficient system to display the most accurate real-time weather data and its chief manager can independently advertise the information along with the weather data. The Application-Programming Interface (API)is used to retrieve weather data and also used to measure temperature, humidity and air-speed data, air and pollution control. |
21,201 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive induction machine current control using internal model principle, and key words: Programmable control, Adaptive control, Induction machines, Current control, Mathematical model, Sensorless control, Steady-state, Error correction, Stators, Robust control. Abstract: The inner loop current control plays a key role in the high performance sensorless induction machine control. An adaptive current control scheme for the induction machine is proposed in this report. After employing nonlinear feedforward decoupling technique the controller is constructed along with internal model principle to gain zero steady state error of the machine stator currents. The dead-zone technique is utilized in the gradient adaptive law to enhance the robustness of the control system. The simulation results carried out with MATLAB/SIMULINK are presented to show the effectiveness of the closed-loop current control system. |
21,202 | Please write an abstract with title: DRAGO chip: a low-noise CMOS preamplifier shaper for silicon detectors with integrated front-end JFET, and key words: Preamplifiers, Silicon, Solid state circuits, Gamma ray detection, Gamma ray detectors, X-ray detection, X-ray detectors, Low-noise amplifiers, CMOS technology, Solid state circuit design. Abstract: We present a CMOS preamplifier-shaper circuit designed to be used with low-noise solid-state detectors, like silicon drift detectors (SDDs), in X-ray Spectroscopy and /spl gamma/-ray imaging applications. The circuit is composed of a low-noise preamplifier and by a sixth-order semi-Gaussian shaping amplifier with four selectable peaking times from 1.7 /spl mu/s up to 6 /spl mu/s. The integrated time constants used for the shaping are implemented by means of a recently proposed "RC" cell. This cell is based on the demagnification of the current flowing in a resistor R thanks to the use of current mirrors. The particular solution adopted here allows a precise and stable implementation of the desired time constant, for given values of R and C , and guarantees low-noise performances of the shaping amplifier when used with a cooled SDDs or other solid-state detectors with low leakage current. In this work, the main features of the circuit are first presented. The experimental results obtained with a prototype realized in the 0.35-/spl mu/m 3.3-V CMOS austriamicrosystems technology are then reported and discussed. The energy resolution measured using the chip with a SDD cooled at -10/spl deg/C is 150 eV at 6 keV which corresponds to an electronics noise of 10.8 e-rms. |
21,203 | Please write an abstract with title: Bandwidth criteria for GNSS signals, and key words: Bandwidth, Satellite navigation systems, Global Positioning System, Bit error rate, Frequency, Digital communication, Power system protection, Optical signal processing, Context, Digital modulation. Abstract: In a digital communication system, in the context of bandwidth efficiency, modulation schemes are typically compared in terms of power containment within a bandwidth such as 95% or 99% bandwidths. These bandwidths are in turn related to the average bit error rate (BER) attainable by the communication systems and also are a measure of the out-of-band interference to other systems in the neighborhood of the frequency band. Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system in which navigation solution accuracy is more important than the average BER. Currently GPS has a protected bandwidth of 24 MHz although the GPS signal itself occupies a much wider bandwidth. Just like typical digital communication systems, current GPS also is based on a non-return to zero (NRZ) formatting of the data and the spreading codes in which the signal power spectral density (psd) has a peak at the carrier frequency and follows a sine2 function away from the center. The modernized GPS signal would be employing a formatting scheme called binary offset carrier (BOC). For BOC signals the spectral peaks (there are two main peaks) occur away from the center and any bandwidth definition based on the NRZ format may not fully satisfy the need of the BOC signals. Given that GPS today has a protected bandwidth of 24 MHz. So which bandwidth should be the protected bandwidth for the modernized signals and which criterion should be used in the definition of such a bandwidth are the questions that need a careful study. Since Galileo, a European version of the GPS, which is a part of the GNSS (global navigation satellite system), is adopting some form of BOC signals for its use in the same frequency band as the GPS, a proper definition of bandwidth for the navigation signals to be protected is sorely needed. A proper definition for the bandwidth would also help setting power flux densities to and from other systems in the regulatory context. In this paper a description of some of the current and the future GNSS signals adopted by the GPS and Galileo is given, followed by a discussion on criteria that may be appropriate for use in calculating the bandwidth to be protected for GNSS signals. |
21,204 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Manufacture of Auxiliary Propeller of an Innovative Vertebral Dilator, and key words: Minimally invasive surgery, Propellers, Shape memory alloys, Attitude control, Shape, Instruction sets, Friction. Abstract: According to the design of a new type of vertebral dilator made of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy, the structure is improved on the basis of the B-Twin propeller. After being designed, processed and assembled, the auxillary propeller can be used together with a new dilator which meets the functional requirements of kyphoplasty |
21,205 | Please write an abstract with title: Technology Adaptation in Logic Synthesis, and key words: Logic arrays, Decoding, Production systems, Boolean functions, Logic design, Area measurement, Timing, Testing, Equations, Transistors. Abstract: Systems which synthesize logic implementations from specifications have moved, under the pressure of production requirements, from Boolean minimizers to procedures attempting to satisfy a wider range of criteria. Gate or cell count, taken as a measure of area, continues to be a major factor in design acceptability, but timing constraints, testability, wirability, and efficient use of available primitives are important as well. Additional information, such as "don't care" conditions, can be used to improve the design quality. This paper describes how these requirements are specified to and enforced by the Logic Synthesis System (LSS), a tool which has been used in production on gate array chips. Trade-offs between varying requirements, and their effect on the logic produced, are discussed and illustrated with a standard set of examples. |
21,206 | Please write an abstract with title: An All-data-segment Radio Frequency Fingerprint Extraction Method Based on Cross-power Spectrum, and key words: Radio frequency, Performance evaluation, Wireless communication, Zigbee, Fingerprint recognition, Stability analysis, Object recognition. Abstract: Radio frequency fingerprint (RFF) is the inherent signal characteristic of wireless devices and has been employed for identification. Its stability and robustness against noise has brought the necessity of further research for practical use. This paper proposes a novel RFF extraction method based on cross-power spectrum. This method could extract RFF from all signal segments, i.e., the device could send arbitrary content in data segments for RFF extraction rather than repetitive training symbols. Experimental verifications used 50 CC2540 ZigBee modules for classification. The result shows that the proposed scheme can achieve a 97% accuracy rate at 20dB signal-to-noise-rate (SNR), and performs more efficiently than other anti-noise methods in low SNR scenarios. |
21,207 | Please write an abstract with title: Dopant-free FUSI Pt/sub x/Si metal gate for high work function and reduced Fermi-level pinning, and key words: MOSFET circuits, Boron, Dielectric substrates, Annealing, Dielectric devices, Silicides, Doping, CMOSFETs, Leakage current, Nitrogen. Abstract: High work function (4.9 eV) on high-/spl kappa/ gate dielectric, which is suitable for bulk p-MOSFET, has been achieved using fully silicided (FUSI) Pt/sub x/Si gate without boron predoping of polysilicon. High concentration of Pt in FUSI Pt/sub x/Si using Ti capping layer on Pt in the FUSI process is a key to achieving high work function and reduced Fermi-level pinning on high-/spl kappa/ dielectric. By combining with substituted Al (SA) gate for nMOSFET, a wide range of work function difference (0.65 eV) between n and pMOSFETs is demonstrated, without any adverse effects of polysilicon predoping. |
21,208 | Please write an abstract with title: Broad band printed MM-wave antenna with reflector element, and key words: Reflector antennas, Microstrip antennas, Antennas and propagation, Broadband antennas, Feeds, Aperture antennas, Bandwidth, Aperture coupled antennas, Directive antennas, Microstrip antenna arrays. Abstract: Following the demands of modern society for more mobility and more information, future generation base stations have to provide more data transmission capacity requiring a flexible management of the resources code, time, bandwidth and space. In this contribution, a class of broadband printed mm-wave antennas based on a low cost stacked patch (SP) is presented and can be incorporated into a variety of systems due to their large operating bandwidth. The enhanced B.W. of about 40% (for VSWR /spl les/ 2) is obtained by this proposed antenna. Its performance with reduced back-radiation has also been investigated. |
21,209 | Please write an abstract with title: Characteristics of ozone production by intense, pulsed relativistic electron beam, and key words: Production, Electron beams, Polymer films, Plasma properties, Capacitance-voltage characteristics, Helium, Argon, Plasma chemistry, Leakage current, Dielectric constant. Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. Characteristics of ozone production have been investigated by irradiation of intense, pulsed relativistic electron beam (IREB). The 1.8-m long gas chamber is filled up with buffer-gas-balanced O/sub 2/ gas mixture, and is irradiated by the IREB of the beam energy of the order of MeV. A volume of the gas chamber is 13.4 l. To investigate the characteristics of ozone production by the IREB, nitrogen, helium, neon, and argon are used as the buffer gas. It is found that /spl sim/ 340 ppm of ozone is produced by firing 10 shots of the IREB with the ozone production yield of 10-20 g/kWh in the nitrogen buffer gas. In the argon, helium, and neon buffer gas, we found the strong enhancement of ozone production. The ozone concentrations increase to /spl sim/ 530, /spl sim/ 550, and /spl sim/ 660 ppm at 10 shots of the IREB in the argon, helium, and neon buffer gas, respectively. |
21,210 | Please write an abstract with title: Stator flux oriented control of an integrated alternator/active filter for wind power applications, and key words: Stators, Alternators, Active filters, Wind energy, Power quality, Electric variables control, Costs, Power generation, Wind energy generation, Power system harmonics. Abstract: In response to electric energy concerns and power quality issues, a novel, simple and low cost variable speed alternator/active filter for wind power applications is proposed. The proposed integrated alternator/active filter (WAF) is capable of simultaneous generation of optimized green power and improving power quality, which are achieved by canceling the most significant and troublesome harmonics of the utility lines. Power factor correction and reactive power control are the other two significant features of the proposed technology. The novel field oriented method to control this alternator/active filter with higher power density under vector controlled condition is also part of this development. Analysis and simulation as well as experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed integrated alternator/active filter method. The overall complete algorithm has been implemented using the TI DSP controller, TMS320LF2407. |
21,211 | Please write an abstract with title: Road Performance Evaluation of Modified Steel Slag Asphalt Mixture based on Chaos Optimization Neural Network, and key words: Performance evaluation, Asphalt, Roads, Neural networks, Slag, Steel, Optimization. Abstract: The road performance evaluation method, determining the asphalt mixture inaccurate evaluation index, resulting in a stable and freeze-thaw splitting strength variation inaccurate assessment before and after immersion, is proposed for this neural network based on chaos optimization slag Modified Asphalt Mixture Pavement performance evaluation methods. Analysis of Modified slag asphalt mixture, the performance index of the composition is determined slag modified asphalt road performance evaluation index; full Chaotic optimization neural network convergence speed fast convergence and high accuracy, the establishment of road performance evaluation model; calculating road pavement structural strength performance index and a coefficient, road assessment modified asphalt with slag porous. Experimental results show that the modified bitumen slag study Mixes performance evaluation method when evaluating slag modified asphalt road performance, stability and freeze-thaw splitting strength change before and after immersion of the right path performance, evaluate the results more accurate. |
21,212 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploiting Augmented Reality and Internet of Things for Gamma Ray Experiments in Educational Field, and key words: Target recognition, Prototypes, Gamma-rays, Detectors, Production, Tools, User experience. Abstract: Carrying out experiments to understand the nature of the physical phenomenon turns out to be a fundamental step in the field of physics education, especially when lab activities characterized by possible personal risk for students are taken into account. In these cases, assuring a safe environment for students is mandatory. In this paper, the authors aim to make students relive a laboratory experience of gamma radiation spectrum measurement thanks to an Augmented Reality (AR) application capable of rendering an actual remote experiment on the students' mobile. This goal was achieved using an Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm protocol, such as the Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT), and an STM32L152RE microcontroller by STMicroelectronics to control stepper motors for gamma ray detector movement with respect to the source. To make the experience as realistic as possible, AR is used to view reproductions of sources under test and detectors through proper target recognition. In particular, displacement and rotation of a fake detector are sent to the actual apparatuses in a safe laboratory and applied to the actual detector that measure the gamma ray spectrum of known radioactive sources. It is worth noting that the proposed approach is not limited to application aimed at teaching, but has the potential to interface with industrial applications, with a view to Industry 4.0, as an optimization of production processes through the remote management of resources, to perform advanced analysis, to have a control over the state of machines and industrial production times. |
21,213 | Please write an abstract with title: MESHGRID-a compact, multiscalable and animation-friendly surface representation, and key words: Animation, Scalability, Technological innovation, MPEG 4 Standard, Shape, Surface waves, Computer graphics, Optical design, Surface emitting lasers. Abstract: MESHGRID is a novel, compact, multiscalable and animation-friendly surface representation method, which has been introduced in MPEG-4 . The MESHGRID representation attaches a description of the "global connectivity" between the vertices on the object's surface (i.e., the 3-D connectivity wireframe) to a regular 3-D grid of points (i.e., the reference grid). MESHGRID efficiently encodes the 3-D connectivity wireframe by using a new type of 3-D extension of Freeman chain-code. MESHGRID does not explicitly store the polygons of the surface, since the 3-D connectivity wireframe has particular connectivity properties allowing for the unambiguous derivation of the triangulation. The reference grid is a smooth vector field defined on a regular discrete 3-D space. This grid is efficiently compressed by using an embedded 3-D wavelet-based multiresolution intra-band coding algorithm. MESHGRID can be efficiently exploited for QoS since it allows for three types of scalability in both view-dependent and view-independent scenarios, including: 1) resolution scalability, i.e., the adaptation of the number of transmitted vertices; 2) shape precision, i.e., the adaptive reconstruction of the reference grid positions; and 3) vertex position scalability, i.e., the change of the precision of known vertex positions with respect to the reference grid. Furthermore, in addition to the classical vertex-based animation, MESHGRID also supports specific animation capabilities, such as: 1) rippling effects by changing the position of the vertices relative to corresponding reference grid points and 2) reshaping on a hierarchical basis of the regular reference grid and its attached vertices. |
21,214 | Please write an abstract with title: Data-Driven Caching With Users’ Content Preference Privacy in Information-Centric Networks, and key words: Wireless communication, Differential privacy, Privacy, Uncertainty, Information-centric networking, Noise measurement, Mathematical model. Abstract: Information-centric networking (ICN) as an emerging networking paradigm has recently gained significant attention, due to the improvement of content delivery efficiency. The built-in network storage for caching is a key component in ICN to provide low latency service and reduce high backhaul traffic by caching popular content. However, users' content preference contains individual sensitive characteristics which is distinguishable from others. Therefore, in this work, we propose a data-driven caching revenue maximization problem with the considerations of users' local differential privacy. Specifically, we employ dBitFlip, a local differential privacy (LDP) mechanism, to locally add differential private noise to the users' preference content information. We leverage data-driven approach to predict the content popularity based on the reference distribution constructed by the reported noisy preference content data from users, mathematically present the distance between the noisy reference distribution and the true distribution by the tolerance level, and prove the relationship among the tolerance level, differential privacy budget and the confidence level. We provide feasible solutions to the proposed revenue maximization problem, and conduct simulations to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. |
21,215 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Intelligent Force Control Methods for Red-Meat Gripping Applications, and key words: Belts, Strain measurement, Robot sensing systems, Sensor systems, Timing, Grippers, Force control. Abstract: Slaughterhouse automation is a challenging but important effort that could potentially improve the efficiency and hygiene of meat-processing while replacing human operators with machines and robots in dangerous and unpleasant jobs. Automated handling of carcasses require high level of intelligence, autonomy and adaptability, thus AI-driven systems, various sensors and intelligent tools are necessary parts of such systems. This paper presents novel force control methods implemented in a smart gripper intended for automated pig cutting. While the gripper is capable of handling high payloads (whole legs and 15–20 kg of intestines), the force control algorithm also allows delicate grasping on soft tissues. The gripping force is estimated separately for the two fingers of the gripper based on novel timing belt strain measurement methods. The elongation of the belts are measured by strain-gauges, and by magnetic encoders measuring the rotations of axes. The force sensors were tested with a tensile testing machine, and the functioning force-controlled gripper was tested with real pig carcasses too. The sensors have also proved useful for giving other feedback during automated pig cutting too, such as warning about inadequate gripper positioning relative to the target, and error signal generation when the target object slipped out of the gripper. |
21,216 | Please write an abstract with title: Time dependence of magnetic periodic patterns measured on the MQXA magnets for the LHC-IR, and key words: Time measurement, Magnetic field measurement, Superconducting magnets, Current measurement, Rotation measurement, Testing, Collaboration, Performance evaluation, Accelerator magnets, Coils. Abstract: Superconducting quadrupole magnets for the LHC-IR have been developed and tested by KEK in collaboration with CERN. Magnetic field measurements of the magnets were performed. The magnets satisfy the requirements for the accelerator operation. In addition to the field quality measurements, fine structures of the magnetic field along the magnet axis were measured at the beam injection current using a 25 mm long rotating harmonic coil. Periodic patterns of the magnetic field were observed in higher order multipole coefficients. The pitch of the periodic patterns is equal to the cable twist pitch. The time dependent change of the amplitude of the periodic pattern was also observed. In this paper, the measurement and results are reported. |
21,217 | Please write an abstract with title: A high-performance VME-based acquisition system for positron emission mammography, and key words: Radioactive decay, Mammography, Detectors, Data acquisition, Head, Read-write memory, Pixel, Streaming media, Power system modeling, Image storage. Abstract: A prototype for a practical and economical breast imaging system for cancer detection is currently under development at Jefferson Lab. The latest advances in bright, fast, crystal scintillators, compact position-sensitive photomultipliers (PSPMT), and high-performance digitizing and readout electronics are being used to develop a compact imager based on Positron Emission Tomography (PET). To facilitate the performance demands of the detector as well as the high number of readout channels, the data acquisition system is built around an intelligent, self-contained, VNM form-factor. |
21,218 | Please write an abstract with title: A Shared Waveform Design and Processing Method for Integrated Radar Detection and Coherent Jamming Signal, and key words: Radio frequency, Frequency modulation, Chirp modulation, Design methodology, Simulation, Conferences, Radar detection. Abstract: The shared waveform design for integrated radar detection and jamming signal is an important research component of modern multifunctional integrated Radio Frequency (RF) systems. The integrated signals designed by the established research are only capable of forming incoherent jamming, which has a great demand on power. This paper proposes a new waveform design method for integrated radar detection and coherent jamming signal based on Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) signal, which can form advanced and delayed false target jamming to enemy. In order to reduce the jamming of enemy LFM signals, an integrated signal receiving and processing method was proposed based on prior information to identify and suppress enemy LFM signals. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the integrated signal designed in this paper can form multi-order false target jamming to the enemy, and the enemy LFM signal is well suppressed after receiving and processing, thus achieving good radar detection performance. |
21,219 | Please write an abstract with title: Structural optimization of neural network by genetic algorithm with damaged genes, and key words: Neural networks, Genetic algorithms, Supervised learning, Optimization methods, Intelligent systems, Estimation error, Mean square error methods, Training data, Biological cells. Abstract: There are some difficulties in researches on supervised learning using neural networks: difficulty of selection of a proper network structure, and difficulty of interpretation of the hidden units. In this paper, DGGA (Genetic Algorithm with Damaged Genes) is proposed to optimize the network structure of neural networks. DGGA employs real-coded genetic algorithm and introduces the idea of genetic damage. In DGGA, the information of damaged rate is added to each gene. DGGA inactivates the genes that have lower effectiveness using genetic damage. The performance of DGGA for structural optimization is shown by optimizing a simple problem. Also, it is shown that DGGA is an efficient algorithm for structural optimization of neural network by applying DGGA to learning of a logical function. |
21,220 | Please write an abstract with title: Derivation of parameters of Y-Z power-law relation from raindrop size distribution measurements and its application in the calculation of rain attenuation from radar reflectivity factor measurements, and key words: Attenuation measurement, Size measurement, Rain, Radar applications, Radar measurements, Reflectivity, Frequency estimation, Frequency measurement, Statistics, Sensor systems. Abstract: The work reported herein empirically derived the coefficients of the power-law relation between the specific attenuation Y and each of two other quantities: the radar reflectivity factor Z and the rainfall rate R. The derivation was accomplished using raindrop size distributions (DSDs) measured in Montreal and Toronto using the precipitation occurrence sensor system (POSS) and a Joss-Waldvogel disdrometer (JWD). The specific attenuation was calculated for both spherical and oblate spheroidal raindrops. Prior to doing so, the effects of inaccuracies in small drop detection by the two systems on the resulting Y-Z and Y-R relations were examined. In computing the relations, the influence of grouping the DSDs according to the corresponding values of Z was assessed. The results from the two sites were then combined in a regression analysis to determine the coefficients of the power-law expressions. The final expressions were used to calculate the probability distribution of rain attenuation over several path lengths at 30 GHz. Conclusions that can be drawn from this work include that (i) the uncertainties in the measurements of small drops do not appear to be critical to the derived relations for some frequencies considered in this work, (ii) in computing rain attenuation estimates from radar reflectivity factors, different criteria for grouping the reflectivity factor measurements can be adopted without changing the statistics of the corresponding attenuation estimates, (iii) differences, which are the smallest for frequencies around 20-30 GHz, are observed in the coefficients derived from the measured DSDs compared with those recommended by the ITU-R, and (iv) the attenuation statistics at 30 GHz computed by applying the Y-Z power-law expression are resistant to spatial averaging. |
21,221 | Please write an abstract with title: Validation of A/B tests using Machine Data Learning Techniques, and key words: Performance evaluation, Machine learning algorithms, Forestry, Feature extraction, Internet, Electronic commerce, Decision trees. Abstract: In the current Internet age, A/B Testing has been successfully adapted as the crucial application of statistical theory. Earlier the variants were selected through brainstorming, observing and interpretation while nowadays as businesses have accepted A/B testing, the process has become more agile. This paper gives a brief review of basic architecture, steps and traditional techniques utilized for A/B testing. The current scenario demands a new methodology that can validate data that is utilized for variant selection in A/B testing. The traditional techniques have limitations in finding out bias in the dataset because of imbalance in a feature. This paper proposes machine learning techniques to extract biased features in A/B testing data. This paper utilizes a dataset uploaded on Kaggle for A/B testing performed on Ecommerce website and web application. The aim of the paper is to have a data quality check by using machine learning algorithms such as Decision tree and Random forest. The results suggest that device type feature is biased in contrast to other utilized features of the dataset. |
21,222 | Please write an abstract with title: A Truthful and Near-Optimal Mechanism for Colocation Emergency Demand Response, and key words: Data centers, Approximation algorithms, Load management, Mobile computing, Power grids, Power supplies, Reliability. Abstract: Demand response (DR) has been widely adopted as a strategic plan of the electricity market in maintaining power grid reliability, sustainability, and stability. In a typical emergency DR (EDR) that arises in colocation data centers, participating tenants can reduce their power consumption when the supply of electricity is a shortage and be rewarded with financial compensation. In this paper, we study a mechanism design problem of motivating tenants for colocation EDR (MEDR). To solve the MEDR problem, we present a truthful Fully Polynomial-Time Approximation Scheme (FPTAS) which is theoretically proved deterministic, truthful and near-optimal, and can be approximated within 1 + ϵ for any given ϵ > 0, while the running time is in the polynomial of the number of tenants n and ε. To speed up the calculation of the payments, we further study the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) based mechanism. Moreover, we build a MEDR auction system (MEDRAS) and implement all mechanism algorithms for a colocation data center. Comprehensive and detailed experiments have been implemented to validate the efficiency of our proposed mechanisms. |
21,223 | Please write an abstract with title: Machine Learning for Predicting Firefighters’ Interventions Per Type of Mission, and key words: Economics, Time-frequency analysis, Machine learning algorithms, Merging, Feature extraction, Boosting, Information technology. Abstract: Fire brigades’ operations vary with time, climate, season, occasions, etc. For example, the frequency of accidents is greater during the day than at night. Thus, adjusting the need to the demand of fire departments by categories of operations can lead to a reduction of material, financial and human resources. Therefore, it can be very helpful during the financial and economic crisis most countries face. It also helps firefighters to be well prepared by knowing the type and number of human resources needed for the next operation. The aim of this study is to predict the number of firefighters’ interventions of 14 different categories varying between emergency and non-emergency deployments. The experiments in this study on the dataset provided by the fire and rescue service, SDIS 25, in the Doubs-France region showed that it is not necessary to improve the prediction when more explanatory variables are added. Some characteristics are not informative and may reduce the accuracy of the results. |
21,224 | Please write an abstract with title: Bee-Bots: A Blockchain Based Decentralised Swarm Robotic System, and key words: Fault tolerance, Costs, Automation, Biological system modeling, Fault tolerant systems, Swarm robotics, Blockchains. Abstract: Swarm robotics is a biologically inspired approach that has been popularly used for tasks that require miniaturisation and fault tolerance at low cost. Constituents in a swarm communicate by means of stigmergy, a mechanism where common information is stored in the environment by the individuals. We model the storage and retrieval of this communication in swarm robotic systems with decentralisation using Blockchain Technology. Blockchain lets a group of agents reach consensus as well as exchange data without the need for a central authority, just like in a swarm. Construction of structures is a common problem that can be solved by using swarm robotics. In this paper, we apply the blockchain approach to decentralisation of swarm systems to construct 2-D structures with blocks in a multi-bot environment as a Proof of Concept. |
21,225 | Please write an abstract with title: A Clean Air Journey Planner for pedestrians using high resolution near real time air quality data, and key words: Urban areas, Air pollution, Atmospheric modeling, Roads, Meteorology. Abstract: Air pollution is a severe health issue. In urban environments, traffic is the main pollution source. Pollution disperses from main roads to the environment depending on weather conditions and city structure. Given dense air quality data, one could create routes that optimize journeys to avoid polluted air. We provide a methodology for this, and have implemented a Clean Air Journey Planner for the City of Helsinki. We have done this by modifying the existing Open Source journey planner (the Digitransit platform), extended by integrating high resolution (13m grid size) air quality data generated hourly with the ENFUSER dissipation model by the Finnish Meteorological Institute. The Planner is suited for pedestrians and allows citizens to find routes with less pollution. It is the first to utilize near real time updated high resolution air quality data directly in the routing core of a widely used Open Source journey planner. |
21,226 | Please write an abstract with title: Long‐and‐Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) NetworksArchitectures and Applications in Stock Price Prediction, and key words: Logic gates, Computer architecture, IEEE Sections, Predictive models, Modulation, Backpropagation algorithms, Backpropagation. Abstract: Although recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are effective in handling sequential data, they are poor in capturing the long‐term dependencies in the data due to a problem known as vanishing and exploding gradients. A variant of RNNs known as Long‐and‐Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) networks effectively gets rid of the problem, and hence these networks are proved to be very efficient and accurate in handling sequential data. This chapter presents the basic design of LSTM networks and highlights their working principles. Six different variants of LSTM models are also presented with a particular focus on stock price forecasting. The models are trained and tested on the historical NIFTY 50 index of the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India from December 29, 2014 to July 31, 2020. The performances of the models are compared on the basis of their execution speeds and prediction accuracies. It is observed that while the univariate LSTMs with the basic architecture are more accurate than their encoder‐decoder counterparts, the opposite is the case for the execution speed. |
21,227 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and performance evaluation of scalable TWIN networks, and key words: Optical buffering, Optical packet switching, Optical network units, Optical transmitters, Packet switching, Assembly, Optical switches, Laser tuning, Optical receivers, Time division multiplexing. Abstract: TWIN has been introduced as an efficient and cost-effective network architecture that can provide multiple types of services without relying on packet switching or TDM switching in the network core. In the basic TWIN, the maximum number of nodes N in a network is limited by the number of available wavelengths W. In this paper, we propose a scalable TWIN whereby a given color may be reused on multiple destinations. Given a physical topology and a traffic matrix, we propose an effective approach that assigns W colors to N destinations and designs a multipoint-to-point tree for each destination to construct a virtual topology. We evaluate the performance of our approach using the single-hop throughput and a multi-hop congestion measure. The performance results reveal both the effectiveness of our approach compared to an upper bound and the robustness of the virtual topology in the face of changing traffic patterns. |
21,228 | Please write an abstract with title: Convolution Neural Network based Hand Gesture Recognition System, and key words: convolutional neural network, sign language, hand gesture recognition, deep learning, machine learning. Abstract: Strong hand gesture recognition has been essential in the area of human-computer interaction for a very long time. Due of their intricacy and breadth, these gestures are difficult for many people to understand, which hinders communication between those with and without speech impairments. There is a lot of active practical research being done in the field of computer vision because of the current boom in deep learning. Till the date, various image processing algorithms have used color and depth cameras to recognize hand gestures, however it is still difficult to classify movements from different subjects accurately. The objective of this study is to identify hand gestures by using a camera to quickly follow the region of interest (ROI), which in this case is the hand region, in the image range. In this project, the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in an algorithm for real-time hand gesture recognition has been proposed in this paper. On a dataset of thirty-six hand gestures and 400 photos for each gesture, the suggested CNN is anticipated to achieve excellent accuracy. |
21,229 | Please write an abstract with title: Studies on the enterprise integration after mergence and acquisition based on enterprise organization habitual domains, and key words: Companies, Space technology, Human resource management, Productivity, Degradation, Failure analysis, Risk analysis, Large-scale systems, Strategic planning, Investments. Abstract: Enormous research has been done to study the enterprise integration after mergence and acquisition (M&A) from the perspective of the resource allocation. However, there are very few literatures, which analyze the common nature of the enterprise integration. This article analyzes systematically the enterprise integration process after M&A based on enterprise organization habitual domains (EOHD). Firstly, the importance of the integration in M&A is addressed and the current status of the research on enterprise integration is reviewed. Secondly, by redefining the integration, the article points out the negative effects of EOHD to the integration and proposes a three-phase model. Thirdly, two integration cases during M&A by Cisco are analyzed using the three-phase model. Finally, the conclusion is drawn. |
21,230 | Please write an abstract with title: Design Automatic Dispenser for Blind People based on Arduino Mega using DS18B20 Temperature Sensor, and key words: Temperature sensors, Visualization, Glass, Blindness, Tools, Safety, Testing. Abstract: People with visual disabilities, who have limited vision, will experience many obstacles in carrying out activities and social interaction. Equipment, in general, is not still user friendly for blind people. The purpose of this study was to create an automatic dispenser design that provides convenience and safety for visually impaired people when taking hot water to the dispenser. This study uses Arduino Mega microcontroller as the main control, proximity sensor to detect the presence of glass, and the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor as a determinant of high water levels and an SD Card Module to play sound. This research uses the Research and Development (RnD) method. The results of this study are an automatic dispenser that can fill glasses automatically with a glass height of 8 cm, 10 cm, and 12 cm. This dispenser can automatically tell blind people when the glass is full and turn off the tap when the water reaches 1-2 cm from the surface of the glass so that the water in the glass does not spill. Based on the test results, this automatic dispenser can detect glass of any color and make it from melamine, plastic ceramic, iron. However, this automatic dispenser cannot detect glass made of glass and transparent colored glass. When going to use hot water, blind people can choose a temperature with a setpoint of $50^{\circ}\mathrm{C}, 70^{\circ}\mathrm{C}, 80^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$. The results of testing the tool using hot water show that the temperature of the water in the glass has a difference of $1^{\circ}\mathrm{C}-3^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ with a setpoint. |
21,231 | Please write an abstract with title: Road Surface Quality Detection using Smartphone Sensors: Egyptian Roads Case Study, and key words: Roads, Magnetic sensors, Accelerometers, Labeling, Global Positioning System, Intelligent sensors. Abstract: Road anomalies have significant negative effects on both passengers and vehicles such as traffic congestion and accidents. Nowadays, smartphones are ubiquitous and used by so many drivers, at least to know the driving directions to their destination. Several studies utilized this observation and used the smartphone embedded sensors to detect road anomalies. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of this methodology with sensor readings obtained while driving in Egyptian roads. An android application is developed to record sensor readings while driving over the road anomalies. Four datasets are collected for different streets in Cairo of total duration of 80 minutes and about 50K records. To automatically label these datasets, two clustering techniques (K-Means and DBSCAN) are evaluated to give the ground truth for the sensor readings if they represent road anomalies or normal road surface. It is noticed that DBSCAN can accurately cluster sensor readings than K-Means can do. Finally, a classification model is built to classify unseen sensor readings and identify the road surface quality. An accuracy of 96% can be obtained from the built classifier confirming the effectiveness of the adopted methodology in evaluating the road surface quality in Egypt. |
21,232 | Please write an abstract with title: Power and Delay optimization of Master Slave SR Flip Flop using QFGMOS for Low Power Applications, and key words: Semiconductor device modeling, Performance evaluation, Voltage, Logic gates, Tools, Main-secondary, Communications technology. Abstract: In the present era, as the technology becomes more advanced so the demand for low power and lesser delay devices has increased. So keeping that in mind this paper has presented the design of NAND based Master Slave SRFF using Quasi Floating Gate MOS (QFGMOS) and it has been verified through the simulation that the proposed circuit consumes less power and delay than that of CMOS based SRFF. The performance of the proposed work has been verified through LtSpice simulation tool using 130nm PTM technology with the supply voltage of 1V. |
21,233 | Please write an abstract with title: Statistical Analysis of Microarray Data Clustering using NMF, Spectral Clustering, Kmeans, and GMM, and key words: Clustering algorithms, Data models, Matrix decomposition, Task analysis, Statistical analysis, Standards, Clustering methods. Abstract: In unsupervised learning literature, the study of clustering using microarray gene expression datasets has been extensively conducted with nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), spectral clustering, kmeans, and gaussian mixture model (GMM)are some of the most used methods. However, there is still a limited number of works that utilize statistical analysis to measure the significances of performance differences between these methods. In this paper, statistical analysis of performance differences between ten NMF, six spectral clustering, four GMM, and the standard kmeans algorithms in clustering eleven publicly available microarray gene expression datasets with the number of clusters ranges from two to ten is presented. The experimental results show that statistically NMFs and kmeans have similar performances and outperform spectral clustering. As spectral clustering can be used to uncover hidden manifold structures, the underperformance of spectral methods leads us to question whether the datasets have manifold structures. Visual inspection using multidimensional scaling plots indicates that such structures do not exist. Moreover, as the plots indicate that clusters in some datasets have elliptical boundaries, GMM methods are also utilized. The experimental results show that GMM methods outperform the other methods to some degree, and thus imply that the datasets follow gaussian distributions. |
21,234 | Please write an abstract with title: Outage Probability Evaluation for Relay-Based DF Cooperative Diversity Systems with Multipath Fading Channels and Non-Identical Interferers, and key words: Fading channels, Wireless communication, Technological innovation, System performance, Probability, Power system reliability, Tuning. Abstract: This paper analyzes the performance of a two-hop DF cooperative network over different types of fading channels with the availability of multiple L interfering signals nearby the destination. The outage probability is thoroughly analyzed, and observations are made to specify the determinate factors that will influence the system's behavior. Since it is nearly hard to derive the exact expression of the outage probability, we derived an approximated tight closed form expression. |
21,235 | Please write an abstract with title: Grape Diseases and Pests Named Entity Recognition Based on BiLSTM-CRF, and key words: Insects, Biological system modeling, Pipelines, Natural languages, Feature extraction, Data models, Character recognition. Abstract: Named entity recognition (NER) is one of the foundational and key tasks of knowledge graph construction. Traditional entity recognition methods of diseases and insect pests highly rely on artificial design features. To solve this problem, this paper constructs a network model combining bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM) and conditional random field (CRF). In addition, BIOES labeling strategy is used to solve the problem that the boundary of diseases and pests’ entities is not clear. First, the text data of grape diseases and insect pests were annotated in sequence with BIOES method. Secondly, the labeled text sequence was vectorized at character level by word vector technology. The BiLSTM network was used to extract the context feature information of the text sequence. Finally, the CRF model was used to constrain the label rules at the sentence level to identify entities. The experimental results show that the BiLSTM-CRF model has a good effect on grape disease entity recognition, and the F1 value is as high as 95.44%. Compared with other comparison models, the recognition effect of the BiLSTM-CRF model is relatively stable, which to a certain extent verifies that the model has better recognition performance in the task of identifying grape diseases and pests’ entities. |
21,236 | Please write an abstract with title: A Method to Mitigate the Influence of Rain on Wind Direction Estimation From X-band Marine Radar Images, and key words: Sea surface, Rain, Wind speed, Estimation, Sea measurements, Radar, Radar imaging. Abstract: In this paper, a novel scheme is employed to mitigate the influence of rain on wind direction estimation from X-band marine radar data. Rain-contaminated regions with blurry wave signatures are first identified using the self-organizing-map (SOM)-based clustering model. Pixels located in those regions are then corrected using a deep-neural-network-based image dehazing model called DehazeNet. After obtaining the rain- corrected radar image, wind direction can be obtained using the classic curve-fitting-based method. Shipborne marine radar data collected under precipitation in a sea trial off the east coast of Canada are utilized to validate the proposed scheme. Experimental results show that the accuracy of wind direction estimation is significantly improved using the proposed scheme with a reduction of root mean square deviation (RMSD) by 19.1°. |
21,237 | Please write an abstract with title: Fault injection in digital logic circuits at the VHDL level, and key words: Circuit faults, Logic circuits, Computer science, Testing, Random sequences, Shift registers, Digital circuits, Digital systems, High level languages, Energy consumption. Abstract: This paper presents hardware-based techniques for transient and permanent fault injection in VHDL descriptors of both combinational and sequential digital circuits. The designer can choose the fault injection rate, which may vary from 100% (permanent fault) down to 0.01% (transient fault). |
21,238 | Please write an abstract with title: A Wideband Ultra-Low Current Noise Transimpedance Amplifier for Ultrafast Wideband THz Communication, and key words: DH-HEMTs, Radar, Gain measurement, Noise measurement, Current density, III-V semiconductor materials, Wideband. Abstract: This work reports a wideband transimpedance amplifier MMIC with ultra-low input referred noise current. Being based on transferred substrate InP DHBT process, this work achieves a significant leap forward for ultra-low noise transimpedance amplifier design particularly in HBT based processes, in which, low noise characteristic is fundamentally challenging to achieve. Using a low bias current for amplification, the noise current is kept low. As a result, the amplification is achieved without compromising the noise current performance of the circuit. A 3-dB bandwidth from DC to 10 GHz was achieved with a transimpedance gain of beyond 50 dB $\Omega$ with a measured input referred noise current density of 3 $pA /\surd{Hz}$. To the authors best knowledge, this is the lowest reported input-referred noise current density for InP DHBT based TIA, covering such wide bandwidth. |
21,239 | Please write an abstract with title: A globally convergent estimator for n-frequencies, and key words: Frequency estimation, State estimation, Amplitude estimation, Phase estimation, Control theory, Induction motors, Helicopters, Vibration control, Adaptive filters, Stability. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a solution to the well-known problem of ensuring a simultaneous globally convergent online estimation of the state and the frequencies of a sinusoidal signal composed of n sinusoidal terms. We present an estimator which guarantees global boundedness and convergence of both the state estimation and the frequency estimation for all initial conditions and frequency values. |
21,240 | Please write an abstract with title: 3 mm waves band radiometric sensor for array receiver, and key words: Sensor arrays, Radiometry, Frequency, Circuits, Radiofrequency amplifiers, Detectors, Horn antennas, Antenna feeds, Schottky diodes, Capacitance. Abstract: In 3 mm wavelengths band the small-sized radiometric sensor has been developed as a base element for design of multichannel receiving array. The heterodyne circuit with input mixer has been chosen for sensor design. The sensor includes the mixer operating in a double-sideband (DSB) mode, intermediate frequency amplifier (IFA), square-law detector and low frequency amplifier (LFA). The conical horn is used at sensor's input as a feed of the main antenna. The mixer circuit uses beam-lead antiparallel-pair Schottky diodes of capacitance 30 fF and resistance 6 Ohm. IFA after mixer contains three amplifying stages in which the gain factor is 55 dB in 0.1-2.5 GHz frequency band. This construction is convenient for design of an array in form of two rows of receiver sensors, which are arranged in a focal plane of quasioptical antenna. Thus the sensor can find application for design of the passive imaging systems in a short-wave part of a millimeter waves band. |
21,241 | Please write an abstract with title: Computation Cost of Attitude Controller Based on Dynamic Inversion Theory with Adaptive Gain Tuning, and key words: Rockets, Costs, Attitude control, Heuristic algorithms, Transportation, Transfer functions, Software. Abstract: Recently, the development of reusable space transportation systems is being actively promoted all over the world to reduce the operational cost. Automatic control system is an important research subject for the complex and nonlinear flight dynamics in terms of Mach number, dynamic pressure, angle of attack and etc. not only for unmanned but also piloted vehicle. Dynamic Inversion is one of the promising theories applicable to the nonlinear control system, but needs high calculation cost for the onboard computer to guarantee the stability. In this paper, the computation cost of attitude controller based on Dynamic Inversion theory with adaptive gain tuning is evaluated for the automatic control system of small scaled winged rocket called WIRES#015. |
21,242 | Please write an abstract with title: Relational Deep Reinforcement Learning for Routing in Wireless Networks, and key words: Training, Protocols, Heuristic algorithms, Wireless networks, Neural networks, Training data, Reinforcement learning. Abstract: While routing in wireless networks has been studied extensively, existing protocols are typically designed for a specific set of network conditions and so do not easily accommodate changes in those conditions. For instance, protocols that assume network connectivity cannot be easily applied to disconnected networks. In this paper, we develop a distributed routing strategy based on deep reinforcement learning that generalizes to diverse traffic patterns, congestion levels, network connectivity, and link dynamics. We make the following key innovations in our design: (i) the use of relational features as inputs to the deep neural network approximating the decision space, which enables our algorithm to generalize to diverse network conditions, (ii) the use of packet-centric decisions to transform the routing problem into an episodic task by viewing packets, rather than wireless devices, as reinforcement learning agents, which provides a natural way to propagate and model rewards accurately during learning, and (iii) the use of extended-time actions to model the time spent by a packet waiting in a queue, which reduces the amount of training data needed and allows the learning algorithm to converge more quickly. We evaluate our routing algorithm using a packet-level simulator and show that the policy our algorithm learns during training is able to generalize to larger and more congested networks, different topologies, and diverse link dynamics. Our algorithm outperforms shortest path and backpressure routing with respect to packets delivered and delay per packet. |
21,243 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling of Product Life Cycle Stages Optimization Taking into Consideration Uncertainty of the Main Parametrical Variables, and key words: Atmospheric modeling, Nose, Military aircraft, Aerodynamics, Mathematical model, Aircraft, Optimization. Abstract: Modern trends in the development of military and civil aviation are aimed at the constant growth of cruising and limit flight speeds of promising aircraft. The largest aviation powers (Russia, the USA, the EU, China, Japan) have created supersonic passenger and military aircraft and are talking about creating hypersonic aircraft. The pace of development of industrial technologies requires a significant reduction in the development of aviation equipment, so the advanced military aircraft of the 5th generation (Su-57, F-22, J-20, F-35) were developed within 10-15 years, and the requirements to the terms of creation of advanced aircraft complexes currently is no more than 8 years. These facts require a significant optimization of the aircraft life cycle stages, in particular, a significant volume of the development stage. In this paper, we consider the process of multi-criteria optimization of aircraft parameters at the stage of development and initial coordination of the minimum aerodynamic drag head-end of the aircraft fuselage, and assess the impact of this optimization on the life cycle of the product. |
21,244 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic recognition of the blood cells of myelogenous leukemia using SVM, and key words: Cells (biology), Support vector machines, Bones, Support vector machine classification, Image recognition, White blood cells, Humans, Character recognition, Paper technology, Geometry. Abstract: The paper presents the system for automatic recognition of the leukemia blast cells on the basis of the image of the bone marrow aspirate. The recognizing system uses support vector machine (SVM) as the classifier and exploits the features of the image of the blood cells related to the texture, geometry and histograms. The results presented in the paper are concerned with the features generation and selection in order to get the best results of recognition. The results of numerical experiments of recognition of 17 classes of blood cells of myelogenous leukemia are presented and discussed. |
21,245 | Please write an abstract with title: Sensitivity study of the control loops of DC-DC converters by means of robust parametric control theory, and key words: DC-DC power converters, Robust control, Transfer functions, Polynomials, Control systems, Control theory, Voltage control, Associate members, Open loop systems, Frequency. Abstract: Robust parametric control theory is a powerful tool for the research of linear control systems robustness against simultaneous changes in the parameters that define the plant and controller transfer functions. The purpose of this paper is to show how those techniques can be applied to the sensitivity study of DC-DC power converters control loops with respect to simultaneous variations of all the parameters defining the power stage: line voltage, load, and passive elements of the power stage. |
21,246 | Please write an abstract with title: Electrical Engineering Core Course Laboratory Creation for Non-STEM Majors, and key words: Electrical engineering, Conferences, Education, Task analysis, STEM. Abstract: Practical laboratory exercises improve student understanding and motivation for learning abstract engineering concepts. The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the United States Naval Academy (USNA), a four-year undergraduate institution, is tasked with teaching all students a course in electrical circuits and power. The course aimed at non-STEM majors includes a weekly two hour laboratory period to assist in drawing out these abstract concepts. The instructors for an Electrical Engineering circuits and power course for non-STEM majors jointly developed and troubleshot a series of five real-world, laboratory experiments. These experiments are intended to demonstrate real world skills and applications of the abstract concepts covered during the class. |
21,247 | Please write an abstract with title: A Dual-Band Integrated Network Analyzer For RF Bio Sensing Application, and key words: Radio frequency, Microwave measurement, Permittivity measurement, Resonant frequency, Network analyzers, Microstrip, Permittivity. Abstract: RF bio-sensing is often utilized for the detection of bio-samples by using the concept of shift in resonant frequency. It is widely reported that the shift in resonant frequency is narrower compared to the bandwidth of the device used for measuring this shift. As a result, wideband Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) proves to be an overkill and instead a narrowband measurement setup can fulfill this requirement. Therefore, in this paper, an integrated solution for the detection of materials having varying permittivities is presented. A Dual-Band Six Port Reflectometer (DBSPR) is proposed and designed using planer microstrip line technology for the purpose of characterizing the sensor using reflection and transmission coefficient. A Complimentary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) based sensor having an unloaded resonance frequency of 2.3 GHz is utilized as a test set. The designed DBSPR operates at 1.12 GHz and 2.26 GHz with a 10dB bandwidth of 254 MHz and 215 MHz respectively. The DBSPR and CSRR sensor are integrated using a microstrip line. The integrated device is tested for two different materials having a permittivity of 2.3 and 4.3. A shift of 118 MHz is observed between these materials and thus shows the potential usefulness of the proposed setup. |
21,248 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on the Integration of Computer Technology and Physical Education and Training Integrating Computer Algorithms, and key words: Training, Information technology, Games, Trajectory. Abstract: The integration of information technology and sports is the development direction of sports, and it is also an important symbol to measure a country's sports strength. The integration and development of information technology and sports is essentially the purpose of promoting sports development through computer simulation and calculation of sports skills, sports industry, sports training, and physical education. The core of this is the application of computer information technology. The key is to grasp the core of computer algorithms and then apply them to physical education and training. The purpose of this paper is not to summarize and analyze the application of computer application in sports industry, but to focus on one aspect of sports training, using computer algorithms as the core technology to analyze the trajectories of research objects. Taking shot put as an example, this paper analyzes the application of video imaging technology in sports and puts forward some Suggestions. |
21,249 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning Spatial Skills Collaboratively in Immersive Virtual Environments: A Systematic Review, and key words: Systematics, Navigation, Urban areas, Collaboration, Virtual environments, Collaborative work, Spatial databases. Abstract: In this paper we explore the intersection of three domains: immersive virtual reality (VR), collaborative problem solving, and the development of spatial skills. We conducted a narrative review of literature between 2011 and 2021 looking for articles that included keywords associated with spatial skills, collaboration, and immersive virtual reality in 7 well known databases. Searches resulted in a thorough review of 21 articles. These articles included examples of virtual, physical, and applied spatial, collaborative tasks. Most of the tasks in the research were performance tasks that involved spatial skills of object location and spatial navigation by locating objects in a virtual world. Results of these studies also suggest specific design features that can benefit collaboration among users when engaging in spatial tasks. This study contributes to the literature by synthesizing research on collaboration and spatial skills in virtual reality and distilling suggestions for designers of VR experiences. |
21,250 | Please write an abstract with title: DMA Regularization: Enhancing Discriminability of Neural Networks by Decreasing the Minimal Angle, and key words: Measurement, Learning systems, Computational modeling, Neural networks, Object detection, Task analysis, Image classification. Abstract: Most of the discriminative feature learning methods are specifically developed for metric learning, however, the effectiveness may be not obvious for other tasks. In this letter, we propose a novel discrimination regularization method for image classification, which enhances the intra-class compactness and inter-class discrepancy simultaneously, through decreasing the minimalangle (DMA) between the feature vector and any one of the weight vectors in classification layer. This method can robustly improve the discriminability and generalizability of neural networks and easily exert its effect by plugging the DMA regularization term into the loss function with negligible computational overhead. The DMA regularization is simple, efficient, and effective. Therefore, it can be used as a basic regularization method for models based on neural networks. We evaluate DMA by applying it to various modern models on CIFAR10, CIFAR100, and TinyImageNet datasets, decreasing the test error rate by 0.2-0.4%, 0.2-1.5%, and 0.3-0.4% respectively. Code is available at: https://github.com/wznpub/DMA_Regularization. |
21,251 | Please write an abstract with title: SWM: A High-Performance Sparse-Winograd Matrix Multiplication CNN Accelerator, and key words: Convolution, Sparse matrices, Acceleration, Load modeling, Kernel, Inference algorithms, Very large scale integration. Abstract: Many convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerators are proposed to exploit the sparsity of the networks recently to enjoy the benefits of both computation and memory reduction. However, most accelerators cannot exploit the sparsity of both activations and weights. For those works that exploit both sparsity opportunities, they cannot achieve the stable load balance through a static scheduling (SS) strategy, which is vulnerable to the sparsity distribution. In this work, a balanced compressed sparse row format and a dynamic scheduling strategy are proposed to improve the load balance. A set-associate structure is also presented to tradeoff the load balance and hardware resource overhead. We propose SWM to accelerate the CNN inference, which supports both sparse convolution and sparse fully connected (FC) layers. SWM provides Winograd adaptability for large convolution kernels and supports both 16-bit and 8-bit quantized CNNs. Due to the activation sharing, 8-bit processing can achieve theoretically twice the performance of the 16-bit processing with the same sparsity. The architecture is evaluated with VGG16 and ResNet50, which achieves: at most 7.6 TOP/s for sparse-Winograd convolution and three TOP/s for sparse matrix multiplication with 16-bit quantization on Xilinx VCU1525 platform. SWM can process 310/725 images per second for VGG16/ResNet50 with 16-bit quantization. Compared with the state-of-the-art works, our design can achieve at least 1.53 × speedup and 1.8 × energy efficiency improvement. |
21,252 | Please write an abstract with title: The ATLAS local trigger processor (LTP), and key words: Timing, Signal processing, Signal generators, Mesons, Data acquisition, Logic, Centralized control, Control systems, Detectors. Abstract: The local trigger processor (LTP) receives timing and trigger signals from the central trigger processor (CTP), and injects them into the timing, trigger, and control (TTC) system of a subdetector front-end TTC partition. The LTP allows stand-alone running by using local timing and trigger signals or by generating them from memory. In addition, several LTPs of the same subdetector can be daisy- chained. The LTP can thus be regarded as a switching element for timing and trigger signals with input from the CTP or the daisy chain, from local input, or from the internal data generator, and with output to the daisy chain, to the TTC partition, or to local output. Finally, in combined mode, several LTPs can be connected together using their local outputs and local inputs to allow stand-alone running of combinations of different subdetectors. |
21,253 | Please write an abstract with title: Reinforcement learning in multiagent systems: a modular fuzzy approach with internal model capabilities, and key words: Learning, Multiagent systems, Fuzzy systems, State-space methods, Robustness, Fuzzy sets, Fuzzy logic, Fuzzy control, Database systems, Application software. Abstract: Most of the methods proposed to improve the learning ability in multiagent systems are not appropriate to more complex multiagent learning problems because the state space of each learning agent grows exponentially in terms of the number of partners present in the environment. We propose a novel and robust multiagent architecture to handle these problems. The architecture is based on a learning fuzzy controller whose rule base is partitioned into several different modules. Each module deals with a particular agent in the environment and the fuzzy controller maps the input fuzzy sets to the output fuzzy sets that represent the state space of each learning module and the action space, respectively. Also, each module uses an internal model table to estimate the action of the other agents. Experimental results show the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed approach. |
21,254 | Please write an abstract with title: Lifetime and Bactericidal Effect of Plasma Activated Medium by Di-Electric Barrier Discharge Microplasma in Air, and key words: Electric potential, Microorganisms, Conferences, Voltage, Fluid flow, Discharges (electric), Drug delivery. Abstract: Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) microplasma 1 is a potential alternative to conventional methods for sterilization/inactivation of bacteria. In order to promote low temperature, discharge voltage, cost/high effective and fast plasma sterilization technique, the bactericidal efficacy of plasma activated medium 2 (PAM) and the lifetime of the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONs) were assessed using synthetic dry air as a working gas on Staphylococcus aureus sterilization. 2 mL of 0.85% NaCl solution was treated by a microplasma generated at a discharge voltage of 1.04 kV and 1.18 kV, frequency of 10 kHz and 20 kHz respectively. Both treatments were carried out at a gas flow of 2 L/min. Bacteria were cultivated at a concentration of 10 8 CFU/mL and treated with microplasma for 1, 2 and 3 min. From the results obtained after incubation for 72 hours at 37 ºC, treated samples at 1.04 kV/10 kHz showed a bactericidal effect of 8 log reduction in CFU/mL after 3 min. of treatment. On the other hand, samples treated at 1.18 kV/20 kHz showed 8 log reduction in CFU/mL after 2 min. of treatment. UV-VIS analysis confirmed a slight decrease in the lifetime of PAM and absorption spectra of the RONs 30 days after treatment. These bactericidal effects were caused by the RONs generated by the microplasma 1 , 2 and these species could also enhance transdermal drug delivery 3 , 4 . Ozone generated during the microplasma discharge was completely removed using an activated charcoal as a catalyst. |
21,255 | Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid Regression Model for Medical Insurance Cost Prediction and Recommendation, and key words: Costs, Stacking, Insurance, Switches, Medical services, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: As the global value of gross insurance premiums continues to rise beyond $5 trillion, we know that the majority of these costs are avoidable. The cost prediction of people's medical insurance is a useful method for improving the transparency of health care. We use different regression models to analyze personal health data in order to predict insurance amounts for individuals in this study. The cost of insurance premiums is influenced by a number of factors. Health insurers would benefit from using a Stacking Regression model to predict insurance costs for individuals. According to this perception using recommendation graphs, a person can lower his insurance costs by lowering his BMI, moving to a different area, or switching to a non-smoker. |
21,256 | Please write an abstract with title: Storage-Based Frequency Shaping Control, and key words: Time-frequency analysis, Power system dynamics, Contingency management, Frequency response, Security, Frequency control, Energy storage. Abstract: With the decrease in system inertia, frequency security becomes an issue for power systems around the world. Energy storage systems (ESS), due to their excellent ramping capabilities, are considered as a natural choice for the improvement of the frequency response following major contingencies. In this paper, we propose a new strategy for energy storage – frequency shaping control – that allows to completely eliminate the frequency Nadir, one of the main issues in frequency security, and at the same time tune the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) to a desired value. With Nadir eliminated, the frequency security assessment can be performed via simple algebraic calculations, as opposed to dynamic simulations for conventional control strategies. Moreover, our proposed control is also very efficient in terms of the requirements on storage peak power, requiring less (up to 40% in one of the cases) power than conventional virtual inertia approach for the same performance. |
21,257 | Please write an abstract with title: Composite neural network load models for power system stability analysis, and key words: Neural networks, Load modeling, Power system modeling, Power system stability, Voltage, Power system dynamics, Power system measurements, Frequency, Power system analysis computing, Testing. Abstract: Proper load models are essential to power system stability analysis. This paper proposes a methodology for the development of neural network (NN) based composite load models for power system stability analysis. A two-step modeling procedure is proposed. First knowledge is acquired from a test bed of power systems based on detail load models of a bus to the distribution level. Then, the test bed data is used to develop a composite NN model. The developed NN model is updated based on measurements. A case study on a power inverter controling an induction motor load is presented. |
21,258 | Please write an abstract with title: On scattering by large conducting bodies, and key words: Conductors, Electromagnetic scattering, Optical scattering, Physical optics, Optical surface waves, Tensile stress, Diffraction. Abstract: Two sets of sources, equivalent in the sense that they produce the same field as does an illuminated conductor, are discussed. Both representations are suggestive of approximation. Crude approximations are made, yielding what are called "the physical optics solution," and the "image induction solution." It is shown that these two solutions are reciprocal to each other. This means that, given a source and an observer, the solution by one method is equal to the solution by the other method with the source and observe interchanged. Both solutions are amenable to further refinement if more accurate solutions are desired. |
21,259 | Please write an abstract with title: Fast Discrete Cross-Modal Hashing Based on Label Relaxation and Matrix Factorization, and key words: Technological innovation, Quantization (signal), Databases, Instruments, Semantics, Binary codes, Media. Abstract: In recent years, cross-media retrieval has drawn considerable attention due to the exponential growth of multimedia data. Many hashing approaches have been proposed for the cross-media search task. However, there are still open problems that warrant investigation. For example, most existing supervised hashing approaches employ a binary label matrix, which achieves small margins between wrong labels (0) and true labels (1). This may affect the retrieval performance by generating many false negatives and false positives. In addition, some methods adopt a relaxation scheme to solve the binary constraints, which may cause large quantization errors. There are also some discrete hashing methods that have been presented, but most of them are time-consuming. To conquer these problems, we present a label relaxation and discrete matrix factorization method (LRMF) for cross-modal retrieval. It offers a number of innovations. First of all, the proposed approach employs a novel label relaxation scheme to control the margins adaptively, which has the benefit of reducing the quantization error. Second, by virtue of the proposed discrete matrix factorization method designed to learn the binary codes, large quantization errors caused by relaxation can be avoided. The experimental results obtained on two widely-used databases demonstrate that LRMF outperforms state-of-the-art cross- media methods. |
21,260 | Please write an abstract with title: Software tool for training on electric motors condition monitoring, and key words: Condition monitoring, Training, Industrial electronics, Fault diagnosis, Electronic learning, Steady-state, Software tools. Abstract: The electric motors maintenance area has attracted an increasing attention over recent years due to the vast participation of these machines in a wide variety of industrial processes and applications. Today, there is a need of professionals that are skilled on the application of modern technologies that can reliably determine the condition of these machines. The analysis of motor currents is a technique that has proven its effectiveness for the detection of a broad range of motor faults. In special, modern variants based on the analysis of transient currents have proven to be very useful for condition monitoring purposes, improving the performance of classical methods. This work presents a software tool that is able to apply both classical and recent methods relying on current analysis for the detection of certain faults in electric motors. This tool is especially interesting for training courses addressed to engineers that are aimed to instruct them on the most recent condition monitoring methods. The paper presents the basic functionality of the software, as well as some basic results derived from its application to real cases. |
21,261 | Please write an abstract with title: Error-Compensated Sparsification for Communication-Efficient Decentralized Training in Edge Environment, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Design methodology, Error compensation, Convergence. Abstract: Communication has been considered as a major bottleneck in large-scale decentralized training systems since participating nodes iteratively exchange large amounts of intermediate data with their neighbors. Although compression techniques like sparsification can significantly reduce the communication overhead in each iteration, errors caused by compression will be accumulated, resulting in a severely degraded convergence rate. Recently, the error compensation method for sparsification has been proposed in centralized training to tolerate the accumulated compression errors. However, the analog technique and the corresponding theory about its convergence in decentralized training are still unknown. To fill in the gap, we design a method named ECSD-SGD that significantly accelerates decentralized training via error-compensated sparsification. The novelty lies in that we identify the component of the exchanging information in each iteration (i.e., the sparsified model update) and make targeted error compensation over the component. Our thorough theoretical analysis shows that ECSD-SGD supports arbitrary sparsification ratio and achieves the same convergence rate as the non-sparsified decentralized training methods. We also conduct extensive experiments on multiple deep learning models to validate our theoretical findings. Results show that ECSD-SGD outperforms all the start-of-the-art sparsified methods in terms of both the convergence speed and the final generalization accuracy. |
21,262 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy Storage System to Improve Flexible and Stable Operation of Microgrid in Grid-connected and Islanding Mode, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Wind energy generation, Islanding, Microgrids, Wind power generation, Demand response, Batteries. Abstract: This paper analyzes the wind and solar storage microgrid system including 2 MW wind turbines, 1 MW photovoltaic power generation system and 500 kWh energy storage battery system, and gives a control strategy for the energy management system to follow the load demand response to control the output of the energy storage battery system under grid-connected and islanded operation of the microgrid. The response characteristics of the microgrid subsystem under grid-connected operation and islanding operation are simulated and analyzed in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The results show that the control strategy proposed in this paper can maintain the power balance of the microgrid and realize the flexible and safe operation of the wind and solar storage microgrid. |
21,263 | Please write an abstract with title: Fault diagnosis for linear systems via multifrequency measurements, and key words: Fault diagnosis, Linear systems, Analog circuits, Circuit faults, Circuit testing, Physics, Electrical engineering, Computer networks, Circuit synthesis. Abstract: The fault diagnosis problem for a linear system whose transfer function matrix is measured at a discrete set of frequencies is formalized. A measure of solvability for the resultant equations and a measure of testability for the unit under test is developed. These, in turn, are used as the basis of algorithms for choosing test points and test frequencies. |
21,264 | Please write an abstract with title: Ellipse Fitting Demodulation System of Fiber Optical Hydrophones System Based on 3×3 Coupler, and key words: Demodulation, Couplers, Fitting, Optical fibers, Optical fiber sensors, Optical fiber couplers, Sonar equipment. Abstract: 3×3 coupling demodulation has the advantages of no carrier modulation, simple structure and capacity of realizing all-optical fiber hydrophone system. However, the asymmetry of 3×3 coupler will introduce demodulation errors to the usual 3×3 demodulation scheme, and the demodulation scheme using three channels of the 3×3 coupler is not conducive to the formation of large-scaled time division multiplexing system. In view of the above defects, this paper uses the ellipse parameter fitting combined with the digital arctangent algorithm to demodulate signals of two channels of the 3×3 coupler. The principle of this demodulation method is demonstrated in this paper, and simulations to verify the feasibility of the algorithm is carried out. Based on the simulation, the demodulation system in the laboratory was built. The sinusoidal analog signal with amplitude of 4.25v at 1000Hz was demodulated. The demodulation amplitude was 4.2024rad, and the harmonic suppression ratio THD of the demodulated signal frequency spectrum was 39.2014dB. The linear correlation coefficient of demodulated signals with different amplitude at 1000Hz was 0.98. The average demodulation phase difference of 3×3 coupler was 118.8877 °, and the standard deviation was 1.4616 °. Experiments showed that the demodulation system had good consistency and accuracy. |
21,265 | Please write an abstract with title: Bi-Level Programming for Optimal Operation of an Active Distribution Network With Multiple Virtual Power Plants, and key words: Reactive power, Active distribution networks, Power markets, Pricing, Microgrids. Abstract: Virtual power plants (VPPs) have become an effective technique to manage a growing number of flexible resources, which have posed great technical challenges to distribution system operators (DSOs). This article proposes a bi-level programming approach for the collaborative management of an active distribution network (ADN) with multiple VPPs by designing comprehensive prices for active and reactive power. The upper layer aims to minimize the overall operation cost of the ADN considering the system security and economic operation and the interactions among the power market, ADN and VPPs. The lower layer aims to maximize the benefits of each VPP agent considering various flexible resources. Then, the bi-level model is transformed into a tractable single-level problem by using a linearization method, the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions, the Fortuny-Amat transformation and the strong duality theorem. Case analyses indicate that the proposed strategy can effectively enhance the system security and improve the system economic performance by introducing reactive power pricing. The implementation effect and superiority of the proposed strategy are profoundly analyzed under different scenarios and conditions, which indicates its promising application value in the industrial field. |
21,266 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved MODIS NIR PWV Retrieval Algorithm Based on an Artificial Neural Network Considering the Land-Cover Types, and key words: Global navigation satellite system, MODIS, Spatial resolution, Atmospheric modeling, Atmospheric measurements, Clouds, Surface topography. Abstract: Estimating precipitable water vapor (PWV) with high accuracy and spatial resolution is important in many disciplines. Water vapor absorption and non-absorption channels can be observed in the near-infrared (NIR) ray of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), which can be used to retrieve PWV. However, traditional algorithms overestimate the NIR PWV in North America. This study proposes a novel NIR retrieval algorithm based on machine learning that considers land-cover types to estimate high-accuracy PWV. To do this, nonlinear models between MODIS NIR transmittance, based on the two-and three-channel ratio, and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) PWV, recorded by the SuomiNet GNSS network, are established using a backpropagation neural network (BPNN). Verification shows that the root mean square error (RMSE)/standard deviation (STD)/bias of the two-channel ratio PWV is 1.29/1.29/0.02 mm, respectively, and the improvements of RMSE and STD are 66.32% and 37.98%, respectively. The RMSE/STD/bias values of the three-channel ratio PWV are 1.29/1.29/0.02 mm, respectively, and the improvements in RMSE and STD are 68.67% and 42.31%, respectively. In addition, the surface verification of the proposed method in six land-cover types shows that both the two-and three-channel ratio methods can yield satisfactory PWV estimates. Compared with the MODIS PWV products, the proposed method yields remarkable progress. |
21,267 | Please write an abstract with title: Prospects of quantum computing using planar devices, and key words: Quantum computing, Optical waveguides, Quantum mechanics, Programmable control, Optical attenuators, Fourier transforms, Optical interferometry, Optical waveguide theory, Optical pulse generation, Couplers. Abstract: A novel description of quantum computing based on PLC technology is presented, demonstrating the correspondence between quantum mechanics and the coupled wave theory. Applications such as quantum Fourier transform and quantum key distribution are given. |
21,268 | Please write an abstract with title: Emerging Technologies and Issues for Activity and Occupational Health, and key words: Artificial intelligence, Digital transformation, Companies, Task analysis, Production facilities, Law, Exoskeletons. Abstract: The question of the introduction of emerging technologies and their constant renewal in organizations fundamentally refers to the place and role that these devices play in business, as well as how they can affect activity and health at work. This chapter aims to question the place and impact that the emerging technologies can have in the often paradoxical transformations and development of activity. The first step is to identify and characterize the emerging technologies that are being deployed in companies. Then, the chapter discusses the impact they may have on professionals and their activity. It examines five paradoxes of the diffusion of technologies in/on the activity: sense of loss of control over the activity vs increased control over the activity, invisibility vs visibility of the activity, increase in virtual teams vs isolation of employees, nomadism vs a sedentary lifestyle at work, and detachment from activity vs proximity of work. |
21,269 | Please write an abstract with title: Dining philosophers that tolerate malicious crashes, and key words: Computer crashes, Distributed computing. Abstract: We present a solution to the problem of dining philosophers. Our solution tolerates malicious crashes. In a malicious crash the failed process behaves arbitrarily for a finite time and then ceases all operation undetectably to other processes. The tolerance of our solution is achieved by the combination of stabilization and crash failure locality. Stabilization allows our program to recover from an arbitrary state. Crash failure locality ensures that only a limited number of processes are affected by a process crash. The crash failure locality of our solution is optimal. Finally, we argue that the malicious crash fault model and its extensions are worthy of further study as they admit tolerances that are not achieved under stronger fault models and are unnecessary under weaker fault models. |
21,270 | Please write an abstract with title: A new method to monitor depth of anesthesia based on the autocorrelation EEG signals, and key words: Monitoring, Anesthesia, Autocorrelation, Electroencephalography, Anesthetic drugs, Rhythm, Economic indicators, Signal synthesis, Contamination, Muscles. Abstract: To have a safe, noninvasive, reliable and economic anesthetic depth indicator, the change of the a rhythm of electroencephalogram (EEG) signal on autocorrelation property during general intravenous anesthesia is investigated based on the effects of general anesthetics on the a rhythm of EEG in prefrontal cortex area. To synthesize the effects of correlated behavior, the contamination of muscle artifact is not removed from the EEG data. The autocorrelation analysis shows: 1) The EEG signals in prefrontal cortex area on autocorrelation are sensitive to different anesthesia depths during general anesthesia. The difference of autocorrelation trace from awareness to anesthesia is obvious. The change of autocorrelation trace is consistent with the anesthesia process; 2) The changes of autocorrelation in FP1-Cz channel and FP2-Cz channel with time are almost synchronous during general anesthesia. This means that 1-channel- recordings from prefrontal cortex are sufficient to monitor depth of anesthesia; 3) The value of autocorrelation in anesthesia fluctuates within a small range and is small than 20. This means that the value of autocorrelation is stable in anesthesia; 4) The differences of the range that the value of autocorrelation fluctuates in anesthesia present individual differences in a way. Being calculation simple, single channel and the transition of autocorrelation trace from awareness to anesthesia obvious, this technique may be ease to use, low running cost and can be applied in real time. Autocorrelation may provide a new method to monitor depth of anesthesia in clinic. |
21,271 | Please write an abstract with title: Is this all about about handling unanticipated changes or about foreseeing what needs handling?, and key words: Uncertainty, Adaptive systems, Traffic control, Software, Contracts, Autonomous vehicles, Software engineering. Abstract: I am not convinced that the challenge for self-adaptive software is how to handle unexpected changes. I believe that the real challenge is how to characterise the uncertainty that the self-adaptive software has to handle. Once a proper characterisation of the uncertainty is in place, I think handling unanticipated changes and situations becomes a lot simpler. What is difficult is to know what range of uncertainty that self-adaptive software should be designed for. To use an autonomous driving example: should we expect people to jump in front of the vehicle or can we ignore that part of the problem because we are driving in a freeway and there are supposed to be no people around? The ultimate challenge then becomes providing guarantees and legally valid contracts and understanding where the responsibility lays in case of errors. |
21,272 | Please write an abstract with title: All-optical Half-adder based on multilayer structure with second-order nonlinearity effects, and key words: Refractive index, Optical attenuators, Logic gates, Optical variables control, Nonhomogeneous media, Optical refraction, Nonlinear optics. Abstract: This paper investigates the effect of linear and non-linear refractive indices on the performance of a multilayer structure based on second-order non-linear effects. Decreasing the non-linear refractive index and increasing the linear refractive index division make the transmitted signal closer to unity and also reduce the length of the structure. An all-optical logic gates is proposed using introduced logic gates and the operation is discussed in details. This basic unit due to high performance and low attenuation in operational frequency and simplicity of implementation could be an ideal choice in future optical logic systems. |
21,273 | Please write an abstract with title: Time frequency analysis and parametric approximation of room impulse responses, and key words: Time frequency analysis, Fourier transforms, Reflection, Time invariant systems, Parametric statistics, Signal analysis, Finite impulse response filter, Filter bank, Performance evaluation, Transfer functions. Abstract: Rooms are modeled as linear time invariant systems, where the acoustic transmission characteristics between a specific source receiver pair are described by the room impulse response (RIR). A recursive realization of the short time Fourier transform is employed to decompose the RIR in the time frequency domain, where the different subband signals are approximated by parametric models. The pole-zero models, evaluated by the Steiglitz-McBride iteration, perform perfect reconstruction of the early reflections, whereas the decay rate of the reverberant part is sufficiently approximated. The RIR of a real room is studied as an example case. |
21,274 | Please write an abstract with title: The statistics of NBTI-induced V/sub T/ and /spl beta/ mismatch shifts in pMOSFETs, and key words: Statistics, Negative bias temperature instability, Niobium compounds, Titanium compounds, Degradation, Threshold voltage, Analog circuits, Mirrors, CMOS analog integrated circuits, Transconductance. Abstract: Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) is a pFET degradation mechanism that can result in threshold voltage shifts up to 100 mV or more, even in very thin oxide devices. Since analog circuits that utilize matched pairs of devices, such as current mirrors and differential pairs, generally depend on V/sub T/ matching considerably better than this, NBTI-induced V/sub T/ mismatch shift may represent a serious reliability concern for CMOS analog applications. Furthermore, induced /spl beta/ mismatch shift (affecting drain current level at a fixed gate overdrive voltage) may also impact drain current and transconductance mismatch. In this paper, experimental results of the statistics and scaling properties of NBTI-induced V/sub T/ and /spl beta/ mismatch shifts in saturation, and models describing these results, are presented. |
21,275 | Please write an abstract with title: Status of the SOLEIL Booster Synchrotron, and key words: Synchrotron radiation, Electrons, Linear particle accelerator, Lattices, Power generation economics, Switched-mode power supply, Solid state circuits, Power amplifiers, Radiofrequency amplifiers, Radio frequency. Abstract: SOLEIL is a 2.75 GeV third generation synchrotron radiation facility under construction near Paris [1]. The injection system is composed of a 100 MeV electron Linac pre-accelerator followed by a full energy (2.75 GeV) booster synchrotron. The booster lattice is based on a FODO structure with missing magnet. With a circumference of 157 m and low field magnets (0.74 T), the emittance reaches 150 nm. rad at 2.75 GeV. A flexible and economic ramping switched mode procedure was chosen for the main power supplies cycled up to 3 Hz and a 35 kW-352 MHz solid state amplifier provides the RF power. At present time we are in an intensive equipments test phase and we plan to commission the booster with beam by June 2005. |
21,276 | Please write an abstract with title: A currentless multiple switch open-circuit faults diagnosis strategy for modular multilevel converter with nearest level modulation in HVDC system, and key words: Capacitors, Switches, Circuit faults, Voltage measurement, Fault diagnosis, Current measurement, Control systems. Abstract: Due to large numbers of submodules (SMs), modular multilevel converters (MMCs) in high-voltage applications are usually regulated by nearest level modulation (NLM). Moreover, the large numbers of SMs cause a challenge for the fault diagnosis strategy (FDS). This paper proposes a currentless FDS for MMC with NLM. In FDS, the voltage sensor is relocated to measure the output voltage of SM. To acquire the capacitor voltage and avoid increasing extra sensors, a capacitor voltage calculation method is proposed. Based on the measurement of output voltages, the faults can be detected and the number of different-type switch open-circuit faults can be confirmed from the numerous SMs in an arm, which narrows the scope of fault localization. Then, the faulty SMs and faulty switches in these SMs are further located without arm current according to the sorting of capacitor voltages in the voltage balancing algorithm. The FDS is independent of the arm current, which can reduce the communication cost in the hierarchical control system of MMC. Furthermore, the proposed FDS not only simplifies the identification of switch open-circuit faults by confirming the scope of faults, but also can detect and locate multiple different-type faults in an arm. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by the simulation results. |
21,277 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploring Painting Synthesis with Diffusion Models, and key words: Training, Art, Image synthesis, Digital twin, Training data, Machine learning, Generative adversarial networks. Abstract: As a significant composition of art, fine art painting is becoming a research hotspot in machine learning community. With unique aesthetic value, paintings have quite different representations from natural images, making them irreplaceable. Meanwhile, the lack of training data is common in painting-related machine learning tasks. Therefore, the synthesis of fine art painting is meaningful and challenging work. There are two main types of generative models for image synthesis: generative adversarial networks (GANs) and likelihood-based models. GAN-based models can obtain high-quality samples but usually sacrifice diversity and training stability. Diffusion models are a class of likelihood-based models and have recently been shown to achieve state-of-the-art quality on the image synthesis tasks. In this paper, we explore generating fine art paintings by using diffusion models. We carried out the experiments on the partial impression paintings from the Wikiart dataset. The results demonstrate that the diffusion model can generate high-quality samples, and it is easy to train to cover more target distribution than the GAN-based methods. |
21,278 | Please write an abstract with title: A study on new secondary codes for GNSS, and key words: Correlation, Doppler effect, Synchronization, Global Positioning System, Global navigation satellite system, Navigation, Degradation. Abstract: Recently, the GNSS signal has tended to utilize the data channel and the pilot channel, and the pilot channel uses a secondary code as well as a primary code. In general, a long secondary code is used for frame synchronization and a short secondary code is used for data symbol synchronization. So far, most of GNSS signals use NH code as the short secondary code. However, the NH code may decrease the ratio of the maximum peak to the side peak as the residual Doppler frequency increases. In this paper, we analyze the effect of residual Doppler frequency and propose a new secondary code candidate which has similar performance to NH code. Finally, the ratio of the maximum peak to the side peak according to the residual Doppler frequency is presented for each NH code and proposed secondary code candidate. |
21,279 | Please write an abstract with title: Traffic Anomaly Detection Algorithm Based on Improved Salp Swarm Optimal Density Peak Clustering, and key words: Chaos, Uncertainty, Clustering algorithms, Telecommunication traffic, Manuals, Big Data, Particle swarm optimization. Abstract: Aiming at the problems of low accuracy and poor effect caused by the lack of data labels in most real network traffic, an optimized density peak clustering based on the improved salp swarm algorithm is proposed for traffic anomaly detection. Through the optimization of cosine decline and chaos strategy, the salp swarm algorithm not only accelerates the convergence speed, but also enhances the search ability. Moreover, we use the improved salp swarm algorithm to adaptively search the best truncation distance of density peak clustering, which avoids the subjectivity and uncertainty of manually selecting the parameters. The experimental results based on NSL-KDD dataset show that the improved salp swarm algorithm achieves faster convergence speed and higher precision, increases the average anomaly detection accuracy of 4.74% and detection rate of 6.14%, and reduces the average false positive rate of 7.38%. |
21,280 | Please write an abstract with title: The GRT4 VME pulse processing card for segmented germanium detectors, and key words: Germanium, Gamma ray detection, Gamma ray detectors, Scattering, Gamma rays, Laboratories, Sensor arrays, Radiation detectors, Councils, Field programmable gate arrays. Abstract: A four-channel VERSAmodule Eurocard (VME) with 14 bit, 80 MHz digitizers and powerful on-board processing has been designed, built, and used in tests of digital pulse processing techniques for gamma-ray tracking. This paper explains the background, describes the VME card (known as the GRT4) and presents a 64-channel GRT4 digitizing system which was used to instrument two segmented Germanium detectors during in-beam tests. Results obtained using the GRT4 card are presented as well as some applications. |
21,281 | Please write an abstract with title: Automated Monitoring in Maritime Video Surveillance System, and key words: Computational modeling, Object detection, Benchmark testing, Video surveillance, Task analysis, Videos, Meteorology. Abstract: Maritime surveillance for intruders/illegal activities requires monitoring of a large area of the coastline. This task being manually exhaustive, would benefit immensely by application of object detection techniques to surveillance videos. However, object detection models trained on general objects datasets cannot be expected to give best performance for this scenario as marine vessels are only a small subset of these huge datasets and also do not classify the specific type of sea vehicle. Hence, their benchmarks are not appropriate for maritime surveillance. Some studies have been done with applications of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for ship/boat detection on private and publicly available sea vessels datasets. This paper presents a summary of the benchmarks so far and presents our experiments of the latest object detection techniques for combined marine vessels dataset. A survey of the currently available datasets is also given. Results of our experiments in terms of mean Average Precision (mAP) and Frames Per Second (FPS) are presented. |
21,282 | Please write an abstract with title: Monitoring and Security, and key words: Monitoring, Measurement, Security, Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Telemetry, Feeds. Abstract: This chapter focuses on the monitoring capabilities and responsibilities for resources and services in Azure. Monitoring leads into and is part of the overall security considerations for Azure. A number of the Azure monitoring and security solutions can also expand beyond Azure to bring benefit to on premises and even other clouds. Some technologies have even been rebranded and assimilated into Azure Monitor to further cement Azure Monitor's place as the definitive monitoring entry point. There are a large number of reasons to monitor anything, not just Azure, not just computer systems. We monitor our cars. We check the fuel gauge to know when we need to add more fuel; cars have alerts to let us know when the fuel is critically low in case we are not paying attention. We are monitoring to ensure the car is healthy; we are monitoring to ensure the care is performing as expected; and we are monitoring to ensure it is secure. Every organization has different drivers that will impact the exact goals for monitoring and the monitoring implemented, but there are some general categories that are widely adopted. The key point is that monitoring is required and, like many things, just because the cloud is utilized does not mean the customer has no responsibility related to monitoring. The exact responsibilities, however, will vary depending on the type of service. Where the customer is responsible for the monitoring, there are capabilities in Azure to assist and gain meaning from the data gathered in addition to alerting as required. |
21,283 | Please write an abstract with title: A state-space formulation of transient electromagnetic scattering, and key words: Electromagnetic transients, Electromagnetic scattering, Resonance, System identification, Magnetic fields, Frequency domain analysis, Laplace equations, Scattering parameters, Inverse problems, Integral equations. Abstract: For a perfectly conducting scatterer, a state-space formulation for the transient scattered field is given for single-input and multiple-output. The formulation is based on the meromorphic property of the scattered field and includes the constraint that the natural body resonances are invariant with observation point. |
21,284 | Please write an abstract with title: Tracheal and central bronchial aerodynamics using virtual bronchoscopy and computational fluid dynamics, and key words: Aerodynamics, Bronchoscopy, Computational fluid dynamics, Computed tomography, Stress, Visualization, Geometry, Mesh generation, Humans, Computational modeling. Abstract: Virtual bronchoscopy reconstructions of the airway noninvasively provide useful morphologic information of structural abnormalities such as stenoses and masses. In this paper, we show how virtual bronchoscopy can be used to perform aerodynamic calculations in anatomically realistic models. Pressure and flow patterns in a human airway were computed noninvasively. These showed decreased pressure and increased shear stress in the region of a stenosis. |
21,285 | Please write an abstract with title: Circuit yield of organic integrated electronics, and key words: Integrated circuit yield, Digital circuits, Circuit faults, Organic semiconductors, Flexible printed circuits, Electrodes, Integrated circuit interconnections, Polymer films, Semiconductor films, Insulation. Abstract: Research on organic electronics is focussed on materials and on the performance of discrete devices. Reliability and circuit yield is largely unexplored. Yield, based on measurements on digital organic circuits up to 1000 transistors, is described. The causes of yield loss are analyzed and design solutions to improve the yield are discussed. |
21,286 | Please write an abstract with title: Interpretable Fuzzy Rule-Based System for Fatal Ventricular Arrhythmia Risk Level Estimation due to QT-Prolonging Treatments, and key words: COVID-19, Economics, Pandemics, Decision making, Estimation, Morphology, Delays. Abstract: This COVID-19 pandemic is impacting the world in health and economic terms since 2020 with more than 200 million confirmed infected people and more than 4 million deaths across 190 countries. Treatment used against COVID-19 disease has initially been based on the combination of several medicaments, such as hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, azithromycin and kaletra, each of which can individually delay the ventricular depolarization and repolarization processes through morphological changes in the patient’s electrocardiogram. These changes can produce serious arrhythmias that lead to the sudden death of the patient.This paper presents an interpretable fuzzy rule-based system for fatal ventricular arrhythmia risk level estimation due to COVID-19 treatment, whose decisions are made on the basis of the evolution of electrocardiogram morphology and certain patient’s clinical information. For the risk level estimation, the proposed fuzzy rule-based system considers three different risk levels (High, Moderate and Low) which are indicated by means of three different colors (Red, Orange and Green). Decisions made by the fuzzy rule-based system present a reliable behavior in comparison with cardiologist’s decision. To be precise, the obtained accuracy, when comparing both decisions, reaches the 96.43%, which, joint to the high measured interpretability of the decision making system, result in a powerful tool in order to avoid death in patients, even in health centers without specialized clinical staff, and to reduce the stress in medical centers by reducing reaction times in critical patient situations. |
21,287 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Attendance with Oxygen level Monitoring System (AOxyM), and key words: COVID-19, Oxygen, Ultraviolet sources, Organizations, Fingerprint recognition, Safety, Internet of Things. Abstract: In the current pandemic situation of because Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), monitoring of the staff member health in offices became essential. To record date time and employee-ID fingerprint-based biometric attendance machines are popularly in use in offices. This work proposed a new device named AOxyM (Attendance with Oxygen level Monitoring device). AOxyM is an advanced attendance recorder machine that not just record attendance as well as it records the oxygen level and pulse rate of employees. This work intended to fulfil the office safety requirement along with attendance. Once any employee oxygen level is recorded below the normal (i.e., 94), AOxyM will immediately notify the manager via the Internet of things (IoT) signalling on the android mobile phone app. AOxyM also generates weekly health reports of all employees and instruct them accordingly to take necessary precautions if needed. The fingerprint acquisition area is always sanitized using Ultra Violet (UV) rays after each acquisition. |
21,288 | Please write an abstract with title: The initial effects of scopolamine on the electroencephalogram in healthy human subjects, and key words: Humans, Electroencephalography, Brain modeling, Alzheimer's disease, Dementia, Drugs, Frequency, Senior citizens, Nervous system, Hospitals. Abstract: We find that the initial effects of scopolamine on the alpha frequency band (7-13 Hz) part of an electroencephalogram (EEC) in healthy human subjects can be characterized using a first order decay model for the relative power contained in the band. We have studied the effects on EEG immediately after injection of scopolamine (i.v.) using an auditory evoked potential series, where the subjects were instructed to count odd signals in the series. This amplifies the activity in the alpha-band and possibly the effect of scopolamine. Eight young healthy human subjects participated in the study and all showed an initial decrease in the relative power of the alpha-band. In contrast the relative power in the alpha-band increased in all subjects when placebo was administered. |
21,289 | Please write an abstract with title: Detecting Change in Engineering Interest in Children through Machine Learning using Biometric Signals, and key words: Temperature measurement, Pediatrics, Technological innovation, Neuroscience, Machine learning algorithms, Biometrics (access control), Instruments. Abstract: Promoting interest in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) is a worldwide priority. Thus, accurate measures of professional interest, an aspect of personality according to vocational theories, are necessary. There is empirical evidence supporting personality prediction using biometric signals. Therefore, professional interest may be estimated similarly. The objective of this study was to generate a machine learning algorithm based on physiological data of children performing engineering-related activities that estimated their professional interest in engineering subfields. Thirteen children between 6 and 15 years old participated. Using eight electroencephalographic channels, we measured electrodermal activity, heart rate variability, facial gestures, and body temperature in four 2-hour sessions as the children performed engineering-related educational activities. Psychometric tests evaluated their interest in specific engineering subfields per the activities. We processed the generated data to design a machine learning algorithm, which resulted in 80% precision in detecting the change in interest. The results indicate that a pattern for change in engineering interest exists and can be measured. |
21,290 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparing Offline and Online Testing of Deep Neural Networks: An Autonomous Car Case Study, and key words: Testing, Safety, Cameras, Autonomous systems, Roads, Electronic mail, Reliability. Abstract: There is a growing body of research on developing testing techniques for Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). We distinguish two general modes of testing for DNNs: Offline testing where DNNs are tested as individual units based on test datasets obtained independently from the DNNs under test, and online testing where DNNs are embedded into a specific application and tested in a close-loop mode in interaction with the application environment. In addition, we identify two sources for generating test datasets for DNNs: Datasets obtained from real-life and datasets generated by simulators. While offline testing can be used with datasets obtained from either sources, online testing is largely confined to using simulators since online testing within real-life applications can be time consuming, expensive and dangerous. In this paper, we study the following two important questions aiming to compare test datasets and testing modes for DNNs: First, can we use simulator-generated data as a reliable substitute to real-world data for the purpose of DNN testing? Second, how do online and offline testing results differ and complement each other? Though these questions are generally relevant to all autonomous systems, we study them in the context of automated driving systems where, as study subjects, we use DNNs automating end-to-end control of cars' steering actuators. Our results show that simulator-generated datasets are able to yield DNN prediction errors that are similar to those obtained by testing DNNs with real-life datasets. Further, offline testing is more optimistic than online testing as many safety violations identified by online testing could not be identified by offline testing, while large prediction errors generated by offline testing always led to severe safety violations detectable by online testing. |
21,291 | Please write an abstract with title: Search time in unstructured peer-to-peer networks with clustered demands, and key words: Intelligent networks, Peer to peer computing, Robustness, Costs, Computer science, Pattern analysis, Computer networks, Particle measurements, Time measurement, System performance. Abstract: Search time as a function of the number of replicas of a queried object provides a key component to understanding system behavior in peer-to-peer networks. The analytical work in this area so far has assumed a uniform distribution of file replicas throughout the network with an implicit or explicit assumption of uniform file popularity distribution whereas, in reality, there is clear evidence of clustering in file popularity patterns. In this paper, we provide mechanisms for modeling clustering in file popularity distributions and the consequent non-uniform distribution of file replicas. We provide results for the search time in such networks for both random walk and flooding search mechanisms. |
21,292 | Please write an abstract with title: An Effective Signature for Detection of Flicker Sources in Transmission Networks Using Fast Fourier Transform, and key words: Voltage fluctuations, Furnaces, Mathematical model, Voltage measurement, Standards, Matlab, Power systems. Abstract: Before taking any action for reduction of flicker negative impacts, it is essential to identify the main contributors of flicker in the network. This paper proposes an effective signature, by which one can determine whether a flicker source is connected to a specified bus of the transmission network or not. Hence, it will be useful for rectifying disagreements between network operator and industrial consumers about flicker generation. The proposed signature is extracted from complex power angle versus frequency diagram for a specified bus of the network. This diagram is achieved by performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) on three-phase measurements of the bus voltage and load feeder current. Based on simulation results presented for a standard test system, it is shown that in case a flicker source is connected to a specified bus, this diagram has mirror symmetry around the system operating frequency. Moreover, relative extrema of this diagram occur at side frequencies that differ from the network operating frequency by the flicker source frequency. Hence, the proposed signature is also helpful for evaluating the frequency content of the flicker source. |
21,293 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Implementation of Voltage VAR Control in Closed Loop Mode: Benefits and Pitfalls, and key words: Reactive power, Load forecasting, Switches, Tools, Topology, Voltage control, State estimation. Abstract: This paper describes the usage of voltage VAr control (VVC) in closed loop mode (CLVVC). The focus is the application in single feeder radial distribution systems, where the CLVVC is executed in combination with short term load forecast (STLF) and distribution system state estimation (DSSE). Although well-known benefits, this paper especially deals with pitfalls and drawbacks of implementing and using closed loop. |
21,294 | Please write an abstract with title: Estimation of snow depth from AMSR-E in the GAME/CEOP Siberia experiment region, and key words: Snow, Acoustic testing, Meteorology, Microwave radiometry, Satellite broadcasting, Spatial resolution, Instruments, Information retrieval, Brightness temperature, Acoustic measurements. Abstract: The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E) launched in 2002 aboard NASA's Aqua satellite, has improved spatial resolution capabilities compared with previous passive microwave instruments. Snow depth retrievals from AMSR-E are tested with GEWEX (Global Energy and Water Experiment) Asian Monsoon Experiment (GAME) and Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP) data. Level 1B AMSR-E brightness temperatures are used in the study. Seven acoustic snow gauge sites recorded daily snow depth within a 100 km times 100 km domain located near Yakutsk in Siberia. These point snow depth measurements span a period between October 2002 and February 2003 and are used to test AMSR-E ascending and descending retrievals. The paper describes the accuracy of the snow depth estimates compared with the GAME/CEOP Siberia sites. It also assesses how World Meteorological Organization/Global Telecommunication System meteorological snow data from a station at Yakutsk compare with the GAME/CEOP site snow depth data and AMSR-E estimates |
21,295 | Please write an abstract with title: Analytical Model of Open-Circuit Air Gap Flux Density in High Speed Permanent Magnet Machines Accounting for Winding Eddy Current Reaction, and key words: Air gaps, Eddy currents, Windings, Atmospheric modeling, Rotors, Mathematical model, Analytical models. Abstract: An improved analytical subdomain model is proposed to calculate the open-circuit air gap flux density in high speed permanent magnet machines accounting for the effect of winding eddy current reaction. The analytical model accounts for four subdomains including permanent magnet, retaining sleeve, air gap and slots. By applying boundary conditions between subdomains, the analytical expression of each subdomain can be derived. Compared with the conventional subdomain model, the subdomain model accounting for winding eddy current reaction can accurately predict the open-circuit air gap flux density. The finite element method is carried out to validate the analytical model. |
21,296 | Please write an abstract with title: Extreme Raman Red-Shift in Nitrogen-Filled Capillary Fibers, and key words: Raman scattering, Lasers and electrooptics, Nitrogen, Electrooptical waveguides, Fiber lasers. Abstract: By exploiting stimulated Raman scattering in long nitrogen-filled capillary fibers, we demonstrate continuous tunability of Yb laser systems over the 1.0-1.7 µm range, with conversion efficiency up to 82%, and an up to 10-fold pulse compression. |
21,297 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of ultra-short focusing cone-beam collimators for SPECT brain imaging, and key words: Focusing, Collimators, Image reconstruction, Lesions, Imaging phantoms, Brain modeling, Attenuation, Signal to noise ratio, Magnetic heads, Shoulder. Abstract: We evaluated short focal length cone-beam collimators for a dual-head brain SPECT system. Previously we showed that using a 20-cm-focal length cone-beam collimator paired with a 40-cm-focal length fan-beam collimator increases sensitivity dramatically near the center of the brain. In this study, we evaluated the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for various lesion locations when using short focusing collimators of different focal length. A spherical lesion was placed at each of several possible locations in an ellipsoidal phantom. The focal length was varied from 18 to 23 cm, so that the focal point was always inside the brain for a 15-cm radius of rotation. We calculated the SNR for estimation of activity concentration based on the Cramer-Rao lower bound on variance. For centrally located lesions, the SNR gain compared to a low-energy-high-resolution collimator ranged from 2.5 (f = 23 cm) to 3.6 (f = 18 cm). For peripheral lesions, the gain ranged from 1.7 to 1.8. We also reconstructed images of the Zubal brain phantom for simulated /sup 123/I-Altropane studies. Images were reconstructed from noisy projection data using the OS-EM algorithm. Based on image comparisons and SNR calculations, we concluded that the combination of a cone-beam collimator with focal point inside the brain and a fan-beam collimator (f = 40 cm), outperforms any other conventional collimators in sensitivity. Furthermore, mismatch between the center of the patient's head and the center of rotation was found not to reduce the sensitivity significantly. |
21,298 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of electrode shape in dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor for NOx removal, and key words: Electrodes, Shape, Dielectrics, Inductors, Geometry, Plasma simulation, Nitrogen, Solid modeling, Diesel engines, Rails. Abstract: An experimental study on nitrogen oxides (NOx) removal from a simulated diesel engine exhaust gas was carried out in geometry of various electrodes for dielectric barrier discharge reactor to improve the removal efficiency. The electrodes employed in the experiment were a plane, a trench, and a multipoint geometry. The right-pyramids, which were used as multipoint, had 45/spl deg/ tip angle and a height of 1-5 mm. The multipoint electrodes have 528-5000 pyramids in an area of 132 cm/sup 2/ (22 /spl times/ 6 cm). The trench electrode has knife-edge rails with 5-mm height and 45/spl deg/ tip angle. The alumina dielectric barrier coated plane electrode was used as a high-voltage electrode, to which a sinusoidal high voltage was applied with frequency of several tens kilohertz. The N/sub 2/:O/sub 2/=9:1 mixed gas containing 200-ppm NO was used as simulated gas with gas flow rate of 5 L/min. NO removals in case of the plane and the trench electrodes were lower than that in case of multipoint one. NO removal yield drastically decreases with increasing the number of pyramids on the electrode. NO removal efficiency was almost independent of the pyramid projection height under our experimental condition. |
21,299 | Please write an abstract with title: IoT Data Privacy, and key words: Data privacy, Internet of Things, Process control, Monitoring, Privacy, Legislation. Abstract: This chapter introduces basic concepts related to Internet of Things (IoT) data privacy, and discusses the approaches to IoT data privacy. It then describes the Privacy Preference Manager (PPM), which is an IoT data platform component that can provide data privacy by registering users’ consent and privacy preferences, providing a way to modify or update them, providing rules for data flow according to users’ preferences, and recording all transactions. Next, the chapter discusses how the emergence of IoT is impacting data privacy, and describes some existing approaches to address both online‐ and IoT‐related privacy. It further provides information on a generalized personal data handling architecture for IoT that fulfills the requirements identified along with a description of how this has been realized by the oneM2M IoT platform standard and in particular its PPM component. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.