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21,000 | Please write an abstract with title: Mesoscopic structure of simple substances nanocrystals, and key words: Nanocrystals, Crystals, X-ray scattering, Optical reflection, X-ray diffraction, Electrons, Particle scattering, Lattices, Filling, Powders. Abstract: A mesoscopic interpretation of simple substances nanocrystals is suggested, which is based on spiral-cyclic of nanovolumes self-organization. It is shown that the slightly modified kinematical approximation provides the adequate description of the integrated intensities of diffraction reflections if a scattering volume is chosen as a mesoscopic element with the properties coinciding with those of nanocrystals. |
21,001 | Please write an abstract with title: Condition Monitoring of Wound Rotor Resolvers, and key words: Circuit faults, Stator windings, Rotors, Windings, Signal resolution, Harmonic analysis, Finite element analysis. Abstract: Resolver is an electromagnetic sensor for calculating position and speed in motion control drive of electrical machines. Due to electromechanical structure of the machine, occurrence of the mechanical faults includes static and dynamic eccentricities (SE, DE) is inevitable. Even an inherent level of SE exists in newly manufactured machines. Furthermore, due to thin wires of the stator and rotor windings short circuit fault has also high probability. Since the accuracy of the resolver is significantly affected by electrical and mechanical faults, it is required to diagnose them at the very beginning of their development. In this paper, some indices are proposed for condition monitoring of wound rotor resolvers under mechanical and electrical fault. It is shown that the proposed index of each fault is unique and is not excited by other fault. The discussions are done using time stepping finite element method and the results are verified by experimental tests on prototype resolver. |
21,002 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards shape from shading under realistic photographic conditions, and key words: Shape, Equations, Optical receivers, Layout, Books, Lenses, Image analysis, Digital cameras, Hydrogen, Optical reflection. Abstract: This paper describes a new modeling of the shape from shading problem taking perspective projection into account, and proposes a method of resolution for the new equation. An application is proposed, which consists in correcting the defects of photographs of skew i.e., nonflat, documents. |
21,003 | Please write an abstract with title: Accurate Interpretation of the Online Learning Model for 6G-Enabled Internet of Things, and key words: Artificial neural networks, Internet of Things, Decision trees, 6G mobile communication, Machine learning algorithms, Data models, Machine learning. Abstract: The next-generation network (6G) has more strict requirements for the online learning ability and high interpretability of the learned systems. Machine learning is expected to be essential to assist in making the networks efficient and adaptable, but most promising methods often are treated as “black boxes” due to the deep structures and high nonlinearity. Therefore, this article attempts to study the interpretations of machine learning algorithms to make them more applicable to the 6G-enabled Internet of things (IoT) networks. Typically, this article focuses on the new model GBDT2NN, which distills the knowledge learned by gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) into neural network (NN) models to retain the learning ability of numerical data and rise the ability of online learning at the same time, but it loses the interpretability. This article conducts an empirical study on explaining individual prediction of GBDT2NN by taking use of the feature importance learned from GBDT, and then further explores whether the explanation can improve the approximation process. In addition, this article proposes two methods to obtain the interpretations: 1) the independent method and 2) the joint method. The experiments on several data sets of IoT networks show that the proposed methods can achieve better performance on both explanations and predictions. |
21,004 | Please write an abstract with title: STATCOM Based Reactive Power Compensation in Grid Connected Solar System, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Pulse width modulation inverters, Reactive power, Temperature distribution, Software packages, Simulation, Capacitors. Abstract: This research paper proposes STATCOM based reactive power compensation on grid connected solar system and a comparative analysis of STATCOM and capacitor bank. STATCOM is utilised to mitigate reactive power in power system. For optimal power extraction from a solar PV panels, The solar photovoltaic panel system is connected to the grid through DC-DC step-up converter and grid tied PWM inverter. ANN based maximum power point tracking method is used to extract the maximum power from a grid-connected solar system by controlling the duty cycle of the DC-DC step-up converter. An ANN block is trained using a variety of irradiance and temperature data. The Pulse width modulation(PWM) method based three phase inverter is designed using a dq0 transformation-based control technique. This suggested system has been tested under various load conditions. The STATCOM based system were simulated in detail, and comparisons were made. |
21,005 | Please write an abstract with title: The performance of an adaptive array combining reference signal and steering vector, and key words: Adaptive arrays, Signal to noise ratio, Phase noise, Interference, Feeds, Least squares approximation, Stochastic resonance, Noise reduction, Signal generators, Degradation. Abstract: Using the knowledge of signal arrival direction and the stochastic characteristics of the steering vector and reference signal, the performance of an adaptive array combining reference signal and steering vector algorithms is presented. Expressions for output signal power, interference power, and noise power are obtained to show that the array sensitivity to the random steering vector error is reduced. Computational results of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) as a function of random steering vector error are presented, showing that the sensitivity is reduced. |
21,006 | Please write an abstract with title: A switching regulator and lightning protector for a subscriber line interface circuit, and key words: Switching circuits, Regulators, Lightning, Protection, Feeds, Current supplies, Batteries, Power dissipation, Subscriber loops, Robustness. Abstract: Two monolithic ICs, a switching regulator and a crowbar protector circuit fabricated in a 90-V complementary bipolar technology are described. These devices enhance the performance of a basic subscriber-line interface circuit (SLIC) by extending the range to the customer so that 20-mA DC feed current can be supplied to a 2800-/spl Omega/ loop without the need for a -72-V office battery. The power dissipation of the entire SLIC subsystem is at most 1.5 W for any length of subscriber loop. All circuitry is robustly protected from foreign 60-Hz and lightning voltages. |
21,007 | Please write an abstract with title: Asymptotic properties of high-order Yule-Walker estimates of the AR parameters of an ARMA time series, and key words: Parameter estimation, Covariance matrix, Equations, Additive noise, Autoregressive processes, Radar applications, Sonar applications, Speech analysis, Econometrics, Probability. Abstract: The high-order Yule-Walker equations are used to estimate the autoregressive parameters of an autoregressive moving-average time series. The asymptotic statistical properties of these estimates are derived. It is shown that they are asymptotically unbiased and normal, the covariance matrix of the limit distribution is derived. The special case of estimating the autoregressive parameters of a noise corrupted autoregressive series is also examined. |
21,008 | Please write an abstract with title: Pedestrian Intent Detection using Skeleton-based Prediction for Road Safety, and key words: Legged locomotion, Industries, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms, Feature extraction, Skeleton, Road safety. Abstract: To predict the intent of human beings walking on the street or crossing the road can be an important safety feature for intelligent cars. It has drawn the attention of the automotive industry in the past few years. Estimating whether the pedestrian is going to cross the road or not is a very challenging task because there are multiple factors involved such as the speed at which the pedestrian is walking, whether the person is walking alone or walking with someone, are they aware of the vehicle etc. The Pedestrians Intent Detection system explores the different factors that affect the pedestrian's intent while walking or crossing the road as well as how different techniques are used to predict the intent of the pedestrian considering those factors. This research work will help design the system which predicts pedestrian's intent much like the human ability to interpret the behaviour of the pedestrian. |
21,009 | Please write an abstract with title: Accelerating Towards Larger Deep Learning Models and Datasets – A System Platform View Point, and key words: Training, Image segmentation, Computational modeling, Graphics processing units, Machine learning, Semantics, Hardware. Abstract: Deep Learning (DL) is a rapidly evolving field under the umbrella of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with proven real-world use cases in supervised and unsupervised learning tasks. As the complexity of the learning tasks increases, the DL models become deeper or wider with millions of parameters and use larger datasets. Neural networks like AmoebaNet with 557M parameters and GPT-2 with 1.5 billion parameters are some of the recent examples of large models. DL trainings are generally run on accelerated hardware such as GPUs, TPUs or FPGAs which can satisfy the high computational demands of the neural network training. But accelerators are limited in their memory capacities. Larger the models, larger the memory required while training them. Hence, large DL models and large datasets cannot fit into the limited memory available on GPUs. However, there are techniques designed to overcome this limitation like compression, using CPU memory as a data swap, recomputations within the GPUs etc. But the efficiency of each of these techniques also depends on the underneath system platform capabilities. In this paper we present the observations from our study of training large DL models using data swap method on different system platforms. This study showcases the characteristics of large models and presents the system viewpoint of large deep learning model training by studying the relation of the software techniques to the system platform used underneath. The results presented in the paper show that for training large Deep Learning models, communication link between CPU and GPU is critical and the training performance can be improved by using a platform with high bandwidth link for this communication. The results presented are based on two DL models, 3DUnetCNN model for medical image segmentation and DeepLabV3+ model for semantic image segmentation. |
21,010 | Please write an abstract with title: Study on Ice Melting Characteristics of Wind Power Transmission Line under High Wind Speed, and key words: high wind speed, wind power transmission line, melting characteristics, influence. Abstract: Traditional studies on ice melting characteristics mainly focus on relevant calculations for low wind speed. Many wind power lines are located in micro-terrain areas with high altitude and high wind speed. There is always a big difference between melting characteristic values and theoretical calculation values, which may easily lead to ice melting failure or collapse of transmission lines. This paper provides theoretical guidance for wind power line ice-melting by studying the characteristics of wire ice-melting under high wind speed. |
21,011 | Please write an abstract with title: Alpha Galois lattices, and key words: Lattices, Data mining, Frequency, Electronic catalog, Association rules. Abstract: In many applications there is a need to represent a large number of data by clustering them in a hierarchy of classes. Our basic representation is a Galois lattice, a structure that exhaustively represents the whole set of concepts that are distinguishable given the instance set and the representation language. What we propose here is a method to reduce the size of the lattice, and thus simplify our view of the data, while conserving its formal structure and exhaustivity. For that purpose we use a preliminary partition of the instance set, representing the association of a "type" to each instance. By redefining the notion of extent of a term in order to cope, to a certain degree (denoted as /spl alpha/), with this partition, we define a particular family of Galois lattices denoted as alpha Galois lattices. We also discuss the related implication rules defined as inclusion of such /spl alpha/-extents. |
21,012 | Please write an abstract with title: Web crawler design, implementation and data analysis about Sina Weibo, and key words: Crawlers, Libraries, Web pages, Python, Uniform resource locators, Search problems, Servers. Abstract: In this paper, discussed designed and implemented a crawler base on python language and use this program crawl posts from Sina weibo. The key word is academic library. The time span is from 1/1/2018 to 31/12/2018 and the total number is 39374 and make data clean, cut words and delete all text that no related to academic library. After that, analyzed this data set for knowing the user’s attitude about library. In order to describe the situation better, high frequency words rank, cloud word, semantic network about image of Library service, semantic network been used. Finally, according to the user's attitude, make the the necessary discuss. |
21,013 | Please write an abstract with title: Generation of coherent radiation in XUV by fifth- and seventh-order frequency conversion in rare gases, and key words: Frequency conversion, Gases, Optical pulses, Laser theory, Pump lasers, Pulse measurements, Optical mixing, Optical pumping, Wavelength conversion, Gas lasers. Abstract: Results of experimental studies of the generation of coherent radiation in the XUV by high order optical nonlinearities in the rare gases are described. Fifth- and seventh-harmonic conversion and six wave mixing of harmonic pulses from an Nd:YAG laser were used to produce radiation at several discrete wavelengths between 38 and 76 nm. Experimental measurements of fifth-haxmonic conversion of pump pulses at 266.1 nm in helium are compared with theoretical predictions. Discrepancies between theory and experiment are observed at high laser powers, and the role of competing processes is discussed. |
21,014 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Fixed-time Cooperative Cruise Control for Train Formation, and key words: Cruise control, Resistance, Safety, Rails, Convergence, Simulation, Predictive control. Abstract: This paper investigates the fixed-time cooperative cruise control problem for train formation by using preceding neighboring information under uncertain basic and air resistances. Partially inspired by the prescribed performance control methodology, a new distributed fixed-time cooperative cruise control scheme is designed for multiple trains to obtain higher convergence precision and faster convergence rate. The proposed method hold three features: i), based on fixed-time theory, the high-speed trains in formation can reach the desired cruise speed in a determined time; ii), the intervals between adjacent trains can be adjusted from different initial values to the same; iii), the uncertain air resistance problem is solved by utilizing the virtual parameter adaptation technique. Based on Lyapunov stability analysis and fixed-time theory, all close-loop signals are bounded after a fixed time. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed control approach. |
21,015 | Please write an abstract with title: Contact Resistance and Arc Erosion of W/Ag and WC/Ag, and key words: Contact resistance, Optical wavelength conversion, Tungsten, Silver, Composite materials, Semiconductor device manufacture, Current measurement, Electrical resistance measurement, Size measurement, Semiconductivity. Abstract: A multitude of tungsten/silver (W/Ag) and tungsten carbide/silver (WC/Ag) contact materials of different compositions, origins, manufacturing methods, and contact sizes are investigated over a wide current range I = 60-1800 A. Resistance is measured after each switching-off operation and evaluated statistically. The results are a strong dependence of contact resistance on switching current and contact size, with high values caused by semiconducting layers at low arc currents and low metallic values at high currents. Investigations of the contact surfaces after switching help to explain this phenomenon. The resistance decrease nearly coincides with a considerable increase in erosion. While at low currents there is no significant difference in the erosion rates between W/Ag and WC/Ag, the latter tends to have lower rates at high currents. |
21,016 | Please write an abstract with title: Task-Specific Stimulation Duration for fNIRS Brain-Computer Interface, and key words: Task analysis, Visualization, Brain-computer interfaces, Electroencephalography, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Spatial resolution, Fingers. Abstract: In this paper, the most effective stimulation durations in the visual, somatosensory, and motor cortices are investigated. To evoke hemodynamic responses (HRs) for the purpose of brain-computer interface (BCI) with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), the best and the minimal durations for three tasks (visual, tapping, and poking) are presented. The examined tasks include the checkerboard, right-hand-index-finger poking, and the right-hand-index-finger tapping tasks in association with the visual, somatosensory, and motor cortices. Upon stimulations, the peak value, time to peak, and the full width at half maximum of the HRs are examined. Six different stimuli durations (i.e., 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 sec) were tested. Ten male subjects participated in the experiment. Three types of stimulations having the same duration were presented to the subjects randomly. The stimulation durations that showed the maximum peak values in the checkerboard, poking, and tapping tasks were 7, 5, and 10 sec, respectively. The peak value increased with the increase of stimulation duration. But beyond a certain period of time, the peak value did not increase anymore and sometimes it decreased when the stimulation period is too long. It is noted that 1-sec stimulation (for all three tasks) can generate a noticeable peak value. Instead, the initial dip upon poking occurred only with 1-sec poking (i.e., initial dip did not occur in all other poking periods). Conclusively, this work reveals the possibility of a BCI command generation within 1 sec. |
21,017 | Please write an abstract with title: A Simple Data Mixing Prior for Improving Self-Supervised Learning, and key words: Training, Computer vision, Codes, Self-supervised learning, Computer architecture, Transformers, Robustness. Abstract: Data mixing (e.g., Mixup, Cutmix, ResizeMix) is an essential component for advancing recognition models. In this paper, we focus on studying its effectiveness in the self-supervised setting. By noticing the mixed images that share the same source images are intrinsically related to each other, we hereby propose SDMP, short for Simple Data Mixing Prior, to capture this straightforward yet essential prior, and position such mixed images as additional positive pairs to facilitate self-supervised representation learning. Our experiments verify that the proposed SDMP enables data mixing to help a set of self-supervised learning frameworks (e.g., MoCo) achieve better accuracy and out-of-distribution robustness. More notably, our SDMP is the first method that successfully leverages data mixing to improve (rather than hurt) the performance of Vision Transformers in the self-supervised setting. Code is publicly available at https://github.com/OliverRensu/SDMP. |
21,018 | Please write an abstract with title: Enabling User-Oriented Features at the Edge: A Case of an IoT-based Smart Shopping Cart, and key words: Performance evaluation, Industries, Industrial electronics, Microcontrollers, Image processing, Image edge detection, Intelligent sensors. Abstract: In this work, we proposed an automated smart cart system for use in the shopping industry. A smart cart equipped with sensors and computing resources would classify as an edge device for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). In our design of the cart, we take advantage of the onboard computing resources to perform the image processing necessary for tracking the cart user. The smart cart can recognize the shopper and follow them around the mall as they shop. This feature enabled the edge computing resource in the embedded single board computer (SBC) would be helpful to people finding it difficult to push a heavy cart around the mall. The SCB used in our implementation is an Odroid C2 which is interfaced with a microcontroller, sensors, and a web application required for a digital cart representation. |
21,019 | Please write an abstract with title: Theoretical analysis of some regularized image denoising methods, and key words: Image analysis, Image denoising, Image processing, Noise reduction, Random processes, Hilbert space, Inverse problems, Gaussian noise, Image converters, Qualifications. Abstract: Regularization techniques have been in use in signal recovery for over four decades. In this paper, we propose a new synthetic approach to the study of regularization methods in image denoising problems based on Moreau's proximity operators. We exploit the remarkable properties enjoyed by these operators to establish in a systematic fashion a variety of properties of regularized denoising problems and to propose new numerical schemes to solve them. |
21,020 | Please write an abstract with title: Traffic Congestion in Social Networks Caused by Epidemic Interference, and key words: Epidemics, Channel capacity, Social networking (online), Computational modeling, Interference, Mathematical model, Traffic congestion. Abstract: This article presents a mathematical model for the traffic congestion caused by the interference due to a sudden increase in the number of users that access a social network at a given time. The rapid increase in the number of users causes a non-stationary traffic in the network, which can be modeled using a stochastic differential approach. An upper bound on the channel capacity is presented. |
21,021 | Please write an abstract with title: Day Ahead Unit Commitment of Integrated Gas and Electric System Considering Pipeline Climbing, and key words: Adaptation models, Uncertainty, Pipelines, Power system dynamics, Wind power generation, Predictive models, Hydrodynamics. Abstract: In this paper, a natural gas dynamic model considering pipeline climbing is proposed and the compressor model is accurately modeled. At the same time, to cope with the uncertainty caused by large-scale wind power integration, the robust optimization model of the integrated gas and electric system (IGES) is proposed and the optimal start-up strategy in the forecasting scenario of wind power can be determined. And the results of the day-ahead unit commitment determined by proposed model can be adapted to all scenarios considering the uncertainty of wind power owing to the introduction of feasibility max-min sub-problem, which is solved iteratively with the main problem by dual transformation methodology and C&CG algorithm. Finally, the test results of a 39-node power system and a 27-node natural gas system validate the effectiveness of the proposed model, which can help improve the flexibility of the integrated system and promote the accommodation of wind power. |
21,022 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of a mixed signal LSI for tactile data processing, and key words: Signal processing, Large scale integration, Data processing, Sensor arrays, Robot sensing systems, Force sensors, Tactile sensors, Humans, Rubber, Electrodes. Abstract: A tactile sensor which can cover the entire body of a robot is needed to construct a robot that coexists with humans. In this study, pressure conductive rubber and a matrix of electrodes are used to build a two-dimensional force sensor array. The large amount of wiring causes problems in these sensor arrays. We are trying to develop an LSI which can detect the force distribution on the sensor and compress it to reduce the number of wires. The goal of this study is to detect signals from a 64 /spl times/ 64 sensor array and convert it into an 8-bit digital signal at 1-ms intervals. In this work, the detection circuit in particular is discussed. |
21,023 | Please write an abstract with title: An IoT Based Intravenous Drip Rate Controlling and Monitoring Device, and key words: Drugs, Systematics, Medical services, Reliability, Proposals, Biomedical monitoring, Monitoring. Abstract: One of the most efficient means of drug administration in any healthcare setup is intravenously. Intravenous mode facilitates fastest delivery of medication and ensures fluid replacement all through the body. Existing intravenous drip set up for drug administering is manually controlled and is not accurate. Also, the inability of doctors to enter radioactive scan chambers to monitor the IV drip setup is an age-old problem associated with the existing system. The need for a device made to answer all these issues is identified, which can also solve another major problem i.e., patient anxiety. A systematic clinical immersion and survey was undertaken and observations made during this exercise led to the proposal of an alternate efficient drip rate controlling and monitoring device based on IoT. The proposed novel device intends to resolve the major issues such as air embolism and blood backflow. Apart from this, it can also provide efficient drug administration at precise intervals in neonates and pediatric subjects. |
21,024 | Please write an abstract with title: Improved space-time trellis codes with three and four transmit antennas, and key words: Convolutional codes, Transmitting antennas, Receiving antennas, Space time codes, Fading, Quadrature phase shift keying, Diversity methods, Euclidean distance, Error probability, Educational institutions. Abstract: It has been shown that the rank and the determinant of the distance matrices are the design criteria for space-time trellis codes over quasi-static Rayleigh fading channels. Recently, a new design criterion that maximizes only the trace has been proposed for systems with a large product of the numbers of transmit and receive antennas. This criterion is useful and yields superior codes when the product of the numbers of receive and transmit antennas is at least 4. In this paper, new QPSK space-time trellis codes for 3 and 4 transmit antennas with up to 1024 states are presented. Our 64-state codes for 3 and 4 transmit antennas present a larger trace and provide a better error performance than previously published codes with the same number of states. If a smaller error probability is required, a further improvement can be achieved by increasing the number of states at the expense of additional complexity. |
21,025 | Please write an abstract with title: Digital Twin and Data-Driven Quality Prediction of Complex Die-Casting Manufacturing, and key words: Digital twin, Manufacturing, Casting, Real-time systems, Solid modeling, Data models, Production. Abstract: Digital twin and data-driven technologies provide an idea for realizing complex product quality prediction. Aiming at the issues of real-time visual monitoring, operating status analysis, and quality prediction in complex die-casting intelligent manufacturing, a digital twin and data-driven quality prediction architecture is proposed. The virtual-real interaction digital twin of die-casting manufacturing cells is established. The collaborative working mode of physical cells, virtual cells, and real-time monitoring is constructed to predict product quality. The learning method of die-casting parameter data and appearance defect data is proposed to realize the real-time quality prediction in die-casting process and the appearance defect quality prediction after processing, respectively. The data preprocessing and XGBoost-based learning method is proposed for real-time quality prediction of die-casting process. A single-shot refinement neural network for aluminum casting tiny defects detection (Refine-ACTDD) based on deep learning is proposed to solve the high-precision defect detection problems of small appearance defects of complex castings and large interference of complex background. Taking the complex aluminum die-casting as an example, the applications of quality prediction are verified. The method provides a new technical approach for high-precision quality prediction of complex die-casting manufacturing. |
21,026 | Please write an abstract with title: Green Coffee Bean Defect Detection Using Shift-Invariant Features and Non-Local Block, and key words: Green coffee beans, Convolutional neural networks, Defect detection, Lightweight model, Attention mechanism. Abstract: In recent years, markets targeting the production of coffee have been flourishing. In order to achieve and preserve higher-quality coffee beans, it is essential to detect defects before roasting them. However, the manual process often results in human errors due to fatigue, not to mention additional labor costs in production. In view of this, we propose the deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) for capturing coffee bean images, while applying non-local block and shift invariant features to enhance the degree of discrimination. The results indicate that the method shows approximately 98% of accuracy based on the F1 score for detecting coffee bean defects. Furthermore, the lightweight model, which only consists of about two hundred thousand parameters is practical in the coffee beans market due a low cost. |
21,027 | Please write an abstract with title: WiFi-based Human Activity Recognition using Raspberry Pi, and key words: Smart homes, Activity recognition, Hardware, Data models, Sensors, Monitoring, Wireless fidelity. Abstract: Ambient, non-intrusive approaches to smart home health monitoring, while limited in capability, are preferred by residents. More intrusive methods of sensing, such as video and wearables, can offer richer data but at the cost of lower resident uptake, in part due to privacy concerns. A radio frequency-based approach to sensing, Channel State Information (CSI), can make use of low cost off-the-shelf WiFi hardware. We have implemented an activity recognition system on the Raspberry Pi 4, one of the world's most popular embedded boards. We have implemented an classification system using the Pi to demonstrate its capability for activity recognition. This involves performing data collection, interpretation and windowing, before supplying the data to a classification model. In this paper, the capabilities of the Raspberry Pi 4 at performing activity recognition on CSI data are investigated. We have developed and publicly released a data interaction framework, capable of interpreting, processing and visualising data from a range of CSI-capable hardware. Furthermore, CSI data captured for these experiments during various activity performances have also been made publicly available. We then train a Deep Convolutional LSTM model to classify the activities. Our experiments, performed in a small apartment, achieve 92% average accuracy on 11 activity classes. |
21,028 | Please write an abstract with title: Femtosecond written phase-shifted-gratings and fiber Bragg gratings arrays using defocusing and phase-mask movement, and key words: Phased arrays, Bragg gratings, Europe, Ultrafast electronics, Gratings. Abstract: Phase-shifted-gratings and arrays of fiber-Bragg-gratings are inscribed with a uniform phase-mask. These gratings are inscribed with 800 nm femtosecond pulses and a uniform phase-mask where the wavelength tube-ability is achieved by defocusing and phase-mask movement. |
21,029 | Please write an abstract with title: Network Security Intelligence Information Extraction, and key words: Visualization, Databases, Annotations, Transfer learning, Web pages, Network security, Tools. Abstract: With the continuous development of digitization, there are many invisible threats behind the increasingly developed and complex network. Network security texts are mainly published in the form of Network Threat Intelligence on major network community platforms. In this paper, information extraction technology is used to automatically identify security related entities, relationships, attributes and other information from the network security text. Unstructured text data is transformed into structured expression which is convenient for storage and analysis, and presented in the form of graph data. It provides guidance for technicians to save time, and provides network security decision support for high-level. |
21,030 | Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear Tuned Circuits, and key words: RLC circuits, Phase change materials, Tuned circuits, Circuit optimization, Frequency synchronization, Ferrites, Inductance, Frequency conversion, Communications technology, Bit rate. Abstract: An application of a ferrite core variable inductance is illustrated in an active amplifier feedback circuit. By this means a lock-on response of the amplifier to a drifting operating frequency was obtained over a wide bandwidth (62-82kHz when tuned to a 75-kHz carder). Without a full analysis of the dynamics of feedback control systems incorporating semi-saturated ferrite cores available only the results of some initial experiments are given. |
21,031 | Please write an abstract with title: Transient Stability Analysis and Tuning of Power System Stabilizer for Three Machine Nine Bus System Using Frequency Response Approach, and key words: Power system stability, Transient analysis, Generators, Circuit stability, Stability criteria. Abstract: Stability analysis of Power System is performed to understand and analyze its behaviour under variant conditions. Power System Stabilizer (PSS) is employed in Generators to maintain its stability under fault conditions. Transient stability analysis is performed to analyze performance of PSS under transient fault condition. While such analysis cannot be performed on the field, simulation software such as ETap, Power World Simulator etc. allows such analysis on test systems such as Nine Bus System which are designed to evaluate different components of the system under different conditions. Different genetic algorithms and optimization algorithms have been used in previous works to tune the frequency of PSS. In this paper, I propose tuning the frequency of PSS using frequency response approach that uses the frequency of the system under transient condition, and also compare the results obtained with that of other algorithms. Power World Simulator simulation software has been used to design Three Machine Nine Bus System with PSS1A and perform Transient Stability Analysis on the same. |
21,032 | Please write an abstract with title: A New Method of Cleaning Video from Impulse Noise, and key words: Filtering, Cleaning, Nonlinear distortion, Adaptive filters, Arrays, PSNR. Abstract: The paper proposes a new method of impulse noise filtering for video data processing. The method is based on the combined use of iterative processing and transformation of the result of median filtering based on the Lorentz distribution. The experimental part of the paper presents the results of comparing the quality of the proposed method with known analogs. Video distorted by impulse noise with pixel distortion probabilities from 1% to 99% inclusive was used for the simulation. Numerical assessment of the quality of cleaning video data from noise based on the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) showed that the proposed method shows the best result of processing in most considered cases, compared with the known analogs. The results obtained in the paper can be used in practical applications of digital video processing, for example, in systems of video surveillance, identification systems and control of industrial processes. |
21,033 | Please write an abstract with title: Service to extend the life of TV sets, and key words: TV, Energy consumption, Recycling, Power generation economics, Environmental economics, Wiring, Electric breakdown, Incineration, Availability, Consumer electronics. Abstract: Based on an in depth user research, two upgrading scenario's for TVs which are currently discarded by first owners have been identified. Due to the fact that energy consumption is dominant in the environmental load over the total life cycle, the environmental and economical gains are limited for the current models, that is 22% and 5% respectively when lifetime through the upgrading service is extended by 50%. Future models should allow easier replacement of printed wiring boards so that an upgrade service offers more value for producers, customers and society. |
21,034 | Please write an abstract with title: Radio Mobile assessment of Broadcasting Interference zones with unequal D/U Variabilities, and key words: Freeware, TV, Conferences, Urban areas, Broadcasting, Telecommunications, Information and communication technology. Abstract: Interference, as well as on any telecommunications network, plays an important role on stablishing the broadcasting frequency plan of a region or a country, being in most cases the available radio spectrum the limit on the number of TV Stations to be installed on a specific area. Upon the increasing on the number of stations, the location of additional terminals becomes an iterative role, needing a friendly tool to perform several simulations to establish or rearrange the plan. This is further increased by the need of assigning different variabilities to the desired and undesired terminals. The freeware Radio Mobile program provides a suitable tool for the purpose, but only for equal variabilities. This work analyses this shortcoming and proposes an easy way to properly calculate the interference with unequal variabilities. Finally, a procedure to correct this problem of coverage calculations with unequal variabilities is presented, providing a correction table to speed up the task. A real case of co-channel interference is also analyzed, this real case corresponds to a station D in C° Orocoipo in Rancagua, VI Region and station U located in C° San Cristobal covering the city of Santiago, Metropolitan Region in Chile. |
21,035 | Please write an abstract with title: Protecting integrity and confidentiality for data communication, and key words: Protection, Data communication, Cryptography, Communication system security, Data security, Computer security, Information security, Authentication, Mobile agents, Object detection. Abstract: This work presents a scheme to build data communication system that can effectively protect data integrity and confidentiality. Firstly, This work briefly introduces the situation of integrity and confidentiality protection. Then, This work brings forward a new cipher, which uses a keystream generator to produce infinite number of frame secret keys basing on an infinite root key space, and use a unique one-off frame secret key for each data encryption/decryption. Basing on this cipher, we construct a data communication system. This work illustrates how to build such a system and analyze its protections of data integrity and confidentiality. With the character of cipher, it offers high resistance against cryptanalysis to prevent data disclosure, and it gives little opportunities to those intractable attacks that can compromise data integrity. |
21,036 | Please write an abstract with title: DSP Filter Kernels Preliminary Benchmarking for Recurrent Data-flow Architecture, and key words: Finite impulse response filters, Computer architecture, IIR filters, Benchmark testing, Libraries, Kernel, Task analysis. Abstract: The article discusses the results of a preliminary assessment of the data-flow recurrent architecture's performance on a subset of digital signal processing key tasks. Various implementations of vector convolution, FIR filters, IIR filters, adaptive filter, and 256-Point-In-Place FFT are evaluated. The implementation of the listed algorithms is based on the TMS320C55x DSP Library. The preliminary results showed that the performance of the recurrent architecture based on data-flow principles is not inferior to the TMS320C55x, based on von Neumann principles, in terms of the number of computation cycles. Architecture improvement suggestions are presented. |
21,037 | Please write an abstract with title: Revealing the Main Mechanism of Reversible Synthetic Blood Coagulation by Atmospheric Cold Plasma, and key words: Blood, Plasmas, Coagulation, Blood platelets, Scanning electron microscopy, Microscopy, Particle measurements. Abstract: Background, cold plasma has some unique properties that enabled it to achieve its desired goals in blood coagulations. However, the coagulation mechanism activated by cold plasma remains elucidated. Aims, this study aims at revealing the mechanism of blood coagulations stimulated by cold plasma. Methods, different blood samples with different anticoagulant as well as without anticoagulant were collected from healthy volunteers. Whole blood samples were divided into two groups: 1) control group and 2) group was exposed to cold plasma until clotting. Clotting factors including fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) as well as full blood count were analyzed for each sample. Scanning electron microscopic and light microscopic analyses were performed for platelets and red blood cells (RBCs), respectively. Also, zeta potential was measured for all blood as well as plasma-activated water (PAW) samples. Additionally, particles size was measured for PAW samples. Results, all blood samples with different anti-coagulant, as well as serum were coagulated after exposure to cold plasma. Moreover, the levels of clotting factors and blood cells’ count show no significant differences before and after plasma exposure. Interestingly, the morphology of both RBCs and platelets were not affected by cold plasma exposure. Meanwhile, there were a highly-significant reduction in zeta potential of blood samples; 96.4% (from −2.91 to −0.105 mV) after plasma exposure. In addition, there were highly significant increases in particles size of PAW as compared with the control sample. In conclusion, for the first time the current study revealing that, blood coagulation by cold plasma is reversible synthetic blood coagulation and neither the clotting factors nor the platelets are the main players during blood coagulation by cold plasma. |
21,038 | Please write an abstract with title: Orthogonal Learning-Based Improved Slime Mould Algorithm for Global Optimization, and key words: Training, Statistical analysis, Sociology, Neural networks, Production, Search problems, Scheduling. Abstract: The meta-heuristic algorithms with many excellent optimization characteristics have been widely adopted in practical engineering projects, such as production scheduling, robot path optimization, and mechanical design. The slime mould algorithm (SMA) is a newly swarm-based meta-heuristic algorithm by simulates the foraging and movement behavior of slime mould. When SMA deals with global optimization problems, it can get a more promising solution most of the time compared with other algorithms. But it still has some shortcomings like other meta-heuristic algorithms, for example, when facing complex problems, the convergence speed and the capability of avoiding local minima are insufficient, and the capabilities of global and local search are not balanced. Therefore, this paper proposed an improved SMA with orthogonal learning strategy (OLS) and boundary restart strategy (BRS), called OBSMA. Specifically, without major changes in the structure of SMA, the OLS is used to discover more useful information to update the best position, enhance the local exploitation capability, and increase the convergence of the SMA. Simultaneously, the BRS can adjust the individual position which outside the search boundary and help the algorithm to avoid local minima, maintain the diversity of the population, and enhance the exploration capability. The performance of OBSMA was validated and the effectiveness of the two strategies were compared on the 30 IEEE CEC2014 functions. Experimental results and statistical analysis prove the effectiveness of these two strategies and the combined use of the OLS and BRS enables SMA to obtain better performance. |
21,039 | Please write an abstract with title: Roosterize: Suggesting Lemma Names for Coq Verification Projects Using Deep Learning, and key words: Visualization, Neural networks, Training data, Manuals, Tools, Task analysis, Software engineering. Abstract: Naming conventions are an important concern in large verification projects using proof assistants, such as Coq. In particular, lemma names are used by proof engineers to effectively understand and modify Coq code. However, providing accurate and informative lemma names is a complex task, which is currently often carried out manually. Even when lemma naming is automated using rule-based tools, generated names may fail to adhere to important conventions not specified explicitly. We demonstrate a toolchain, dubbed Roosterize, which automatically suggests lemma names in Coq projects. Roosterize leverages a neural network model trained on existing Coq code, thus avoiding manual specification of naming conventions. To allow proof engineers to conveniently access suggestions from Roosterize during Coq project development, we integrated the toolchain into the popular Visual Studio Code editor. Our evaluation shows that Roosterize substantially outperforms strong baselines for suggesting lemma names and is useful in practice. The demo video for Roosterize can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/HZ5ac7Q14rc. |
21,040 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of a Non-contact Cough Recognition System with Face Mask Detection and Distance Assistance using Convolutional Neural Networks, and key words: COVID-19, Location awareness, Protocols, Face recognition, Human factors, Cameras, Systems engineering and theory. Abstract: During times of outbreak such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, it is always important to follow the health protocols to wear a face mask and practice social distancing to prevent the transmission of bacteria and viruses. One of the solutions to this issue would be developing a noncontact recognition system that functions as a preventive measure that detects early symptoms of illness like coughing to avoid spreading it. This study simulates an area that will monitor compliance to proper health protocols and detect coughing as one of the signs of the illness through a camera which adopt the function of CCTV. Audio localization algorithm was used to detect and map the sound of the cough. The classification was done using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for people wearing a mask at a proper distance and detecting the cough's sound. This kind of recognition device captures instances of crime or any disturbances and helps determine people who violate the protocol of the health organization. Moreover, the device has three kinds of detection: (1) cough detection using a microphone array with Mel-Frequency Coefficients Cepstrum (MFCC); (2) and (3) uses a trained CNN to detect face mask and distance detection. The combined system successfully detects and maps the location of the cough sound signal, sees face mask, and measures social distance with an accuracy of 82%, 86.67%, and 73.33%, respectively. The experiments were considered to be dependent on the camera angle and the best distance for optimum accuracy is 1m to 1.5m. |
21,041 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive stabilization of a discrete linear system with an unknown high-frequency gain, and key words: Linear systems, Adaptive control, Automatic control, Control systems, Stability, Programmable control, Upper bound, Polynomials, System testing, Silicon compounds. Abstract: This paper presents a simple algorithm for adaptively stabilizing a linear one-dimensional discrete-time process. Prior knowledge of the sign of the process high-frequency gain is not required, and the adaptive control law is a continuous function of its arguments. |
21,042 | Please write an abstract with title: Graph Neural Network Based Behavior Prediction to Support Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning in Military Training Simulations, and key words: Training, Adaptation models, Military computing, Computational modeling, Stochastic processes, Reinforcement learning, Predictive models. Abstract: We introduce a computational behavioral model for non-player characters (NPCs) that endows them with the ability to adapt to their experiences — including interactions with human trainees. Most existing NPC behavioral models for military training simulations are either rule-based or reactive with minimal built-in intelligence. Such models are unable to adapt to the characters' experiences, be they with other NPCs, the environment, or human trainees. Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) presents opportunities to train adaptive models for both friendly and opposing forces to improve the quality of NPCs. Still, military environments present significant challenges since they can be stochastic, partially observable, and non-stationary. We discuss our MARL framework to devise NPCs exhibiting dynamic, authentic behavior and introduce a novel Graph Neural Network based behavior prediction model to strengthen their cooperation. We demonstrate the efficacy of our behavior prediction model in a proof-of-concept multi-agent military scenario. |
21,043 | Please write an abstract with title: Development and testing of multifunctional operation system for various power sources (simulation result using analogue power system simulator), and key words: Power system simulation, System testing, Power system economics, Power generation economics, Fuel economy, Control systems, Dispatching, Turbines, Fuel cells, Energy storage. Abstract: Deregulation of electric power market is now in progress in Japan, and various kinds of power sources are emerging. Then, economical and efficient coordinating operation of existing and new facilities is needed. In this study, two types of new control software have been developed to meet variety of customers' needs. One is called "optimum economical dispatching program", which realizes optimum operation among various power sources, such as gas turbines, fuel cells, energy storage system and utility supply menu. The other is called "load following program", which controls generators to follow the varying loads. Also, the "control and interface unit", which sends and receives control and supervisory data of generators and loads, had been developed as a SCADA system. In this paper, newly developed controlling programs and control and interface unit will be introduced with the test results using the analogue power system simulator. |
21,044 | Please write an abstract with title: Spectral shaping of SC in a photonic crystal fibre: polarization, pulse duration and chirp properties, and key words: Photonic crystal fibers, Pulse shaping methods, Chirp, Optical fiber polarization, Optical retarders, Physics, Ultrafast optics, Spectroscopy, Optical pulse generation, Mirrors. Abstract: Summary from only given. We present results of experiment aiming to generate smooth spectrum in the range 500-1100 nm with the use of chirp and polarization adjustments of the incident pulse as well as its duration. No numerical simulations are known on this subject mainly because of the difficulties in 3D modelling the complex PCF-structure; as well as no systematical experimental results are known. The polarization dependence can be explained with the multifrigency of the PCF, due to its broken azimuthal symmetry. |
21,045 | Please write an abstract with title: Bonded thin cylinder magnets using Sm-Fe-N anisotropic powder, and key words: Bonding, Magnets, Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Powders, Resins, Engine cylinders, Injection molding, Temperature, Viscosity, Fasteners. Abstract: Anisotropic bonded Sm-Fe-N thin cylinder magnets have been developed by an injection-molding technology using unsaturated polyester resin, because thin and high-performance magnets are needed in order to downsize the motor. A special point for forming was a control of the rate of shrinkage. A multioriented cylinder magnet of 0.8 mm thickness was made by an insertion forming an aluminum column of 18.4 mm diameter and 18 mm height. A radial-oriented cylinder magnet of 15 mm outer diameter, 16 mm height, and 0.5 mm thickness was also made. |
21,046 | Please write an abstract with title: Limit characteristics of the dc SQUIDS using unshunted Josephson tunnel junctions, and key words: SQUIDs, Critical current, Circuits, Zero voltage switching, Josephson junctions, Testing, Physics, Signal processing, Transfer functions, Phase noise. Abstract: A limit energy sensitivity is found for dc SQUIDS using unshunted Josephson tunnel junctions. Expressions are derived for the signal transfer function and for the voltage noise spectrum density in these devices. An analytical expression for the phase as a function of time has also been found in switching from zero to the voltage state process. The comparison is performed between these devices and usual dc SQUIDS using shunted Josephson tunnel junctions. |
21,047 | Please write an abstract with title: Media access control for Ethernet passive optical networks: an overview, and key words: Media Access Protocol, Optical network units, Multiaccess communication, Optical receivers, Optical transmitters, Wavelength division multiplexing, Optical fiber couplers, Costs, Optical sensors, EPON. Abstract: Medium access control is one of the crucial issues in the design of Ethernet passive optical networks. To ensure efficient transmission, an EPON system must employ a MAC mechanism to arbitrate access to the shared medium in order to avoid data collisions in the upstream direction and at the same time efficiently share the upstream transmission bandwidth among all ONUs. The purpose of this article is to provide a good understanding of the MAC issue, discuss the major problems involved (e.g., multiple access, bandwidth allocation, transmission scheduling, and quality of service support), and present an overview of the state-of-the-art solutions proposed thus far to the problems. It is also our purpose to motivate further studies on the problems described in this article |
21,048 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of lrl(m), trm, trrm and tar, calibration techniques using the straightforward de-embedding method, and key words: Transmission line measurements, Calibration, Coaxial components, Scattering parameters, Attenuators, Frequency, Automatic logic units, Transmission line matrix methods, Attenuation measurement, Tellurium. Abstract: There is a growing interest in probing Sibased RFICs and test structures with aluminum pads. Probing RFICs with aluminum pads is significantly more difficult than probing ICs with gold pads. This is because a thin layer of aluminum oxide (about 60 angstroms thick) naturally forms on the aluminum surface that impairs the electrical contact between the tips of the probes and the aluminum pads. Any measurement that is sensitive to a series resistance will be affected by contact resistance variations. Such measurements include inductor Q measurements and long characterization tests that require repeatable device contact for time periods beyond a few minutes. |
21,049 | Please write an abstract with title: A multi-thread processor architecture based on the continuation model, and key words: Yarn, Parallel processing, Computer architecture, Concurrent computing, Hardware, Information science, Fuses, Manufacturing processes, Semiconductor device manufacture, Throughput. Abstract: We are developing the Fuce processor based on the dataflow computing model. Fuce means fusion of communication and execution. In order to execute many threads with multiple thread execution units efficiently, the Fuce processor executes multiple threads using the exclusive multi-thread execution model. The core concept of the exclusive multi-thread execution model is continuation based multi-thread execution, which is derived from dataflow computing. The Fuce processor aims to fuse the intra-processor execution and inter-processor communication. The Fuce processor unifies processing inside the processor and communication with processors outside as events, and executes the event as a thread. In this paper, we introduce the architecture of the Fuce processor and evaluate the concurrency performance of a Fuce processor which we described in VHDL. As a result, we understood that the processor has concurrency capability when there is sufficient thread level parallelism. |
21,050 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on the Development Status of Applied Electronic Technology in Intelligent Terminal Design, and key words: Industries, Microcontrollers, Conferences, Stability analysis, Power electronics, Environmental monitoring, Intelligent sensors. Abstract: With the continuous improvement of the current level of science and technology, all kinds of intelligent terminal (IT.) devices appear in people's life, and has been well used, also provides help for people's life and work. The ability of IT. to be more functional is closely linked to the use of electronic technology (ET). In this paper, we will first understand the function of IT., clarify the characteristics of IT. devices, and finally analyze the embodiment of electronic key technologies applied to IT. To provide reference for relevant researchers. |
21,051 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy Harvesting in Sub-6 GHz and Millimeter Wave Hybrid Networks, and key words: Analytical models, Wireless communication, Correlation, Stochastic processes, Numerical models, Interference, Geometry. Abstract: Dense deployment of sub-6 GHz BSs not only enhance the network capacity but also improve the energy efficiency of wireless power transfer (WPT). Millimeter wave (MMW) technology features large antenna arrays with high directional beamforming gain and dense base station (BS) deployment that is also beneficial for WPT. This paper focuses on the hybrid deployment of sub-6 GHz and MMW networks, where the user equipment (UE) can simultaneously receive information and harvest energy from either sub-6 GHz or MMW BSs. By using a stochastic geometry framework, we develop analytical expressions for the energy coverage probability (ECP) and signal-to-interference-plus-noise coverage probability (SCP) of a typical user, where the BS and UE locations are modeled by either a Poisson point process (PPP) or a Poisson cluster process (PCP). We further incorporate the unique characteristics of MMW communications in the analysis and study the impact of the practical energy harvesting model on the system performance. Numerical results are provided to validate the accuracy of the analytical models. The results demonstrate that the ECP depends on the considered UE models, where for the PPP model, as the cluster size of BS increases, the ECP increases. In contrast, for the PCP model, the ECP decreases with the increasing of BS cluster size. The results also show that the energy coverage probabilities for both PPP and PCP users converge to the PPP model as the cluster size tends to infinity. |
21,052 | Please write an abstract with title: An Integrated SAR Speckle Reduction and Target Detection Approach, and key words: Speckle, Marine vehicles, Covariance matrices, Synthetic aperture radar, Object detection, Remote sensing, Detectors. Abstract: Speckle reduction and target detection are usually two independent and successive procedures in SAR information processing systems. The separated implementation scheme makes the determination of a suitable combination of speckle filter and target detector a challenging task in practice. This work attempts to propose a novel integrated approach for both SAR speckle reduction and target detection. Firstly, a new representation in terms of the context scattering vector and context covariance matrix is established for information augmentation and mining for SAR data. Then, similar pixels within a large moving window are selected using matrix similarity test and the similar pixel number (SPN) is recorded. The speckle reduction can be conducted with the determined similar samples and salient targets (e.g. manmade targets) can be detected with the SPN index simultaneously. Finally, the speckle reduction and ship detection integrated processing procedure is established. Experimental studies are carried out with space-borne SAR datasets. The proposed integrated framework shows superiority in both speckle reduction and target detection performances. |
21,053 | Please write an abstract with title: Study on a New Power Frequency Capacitive Voltage Transducer for Gas Insulated Substations Based on Capacitive Voltage Division, and key words: Voltage measurement, Capacitance, Electrodes, Substations, Sensors, Voltage transformers, Geometry. Abstract: The IVT for power frequency is an essential facility in the power system. Due to the requirement for high-voltage insulation, the sensing part of the conventional IVTs is bulky and costly. The purpose of this article is to propose a new voltage measurement method based on capacitive voltage divider for GIS. The equivalent circuit of the measurement method is built. The numerical simulation model for the measurement system is built based on the actual size of GIS with rated voltage of 220 kV. And FEM is employed to analyze the transfer relation and the accuracy of the proposed measurement method. The experiments are conducted in the laboratory and at an actual GIS platform, respectively. The transfer relation between the applied voltage and the induced voltage is obtained. Compared with conventional IVTs, the dimension of the measurement system is very small. Due to the low voltage of the sensing part, the insulation problem of the sensing part is avoided. And due to simple structure and linear characteristics, the transfer relation of the proposed measurement system can be obtained with high accuracy. |
21,054 | Please write an abstract with title: In Memoriam, and key words: Obituaries, Navarro, Rafael, Kopylo, Sergey, Kovalenko, Alexander, Ryazanov, Alexander, Datskov, Vladimir . Abstract: Presents a listing of recent society members who have passed away: Rafael Navarro, Sergey Kopylov, Alexander Kovalenko, Alexander Ryazanov, and Vladimir (Vlad) Datskov. |
21,055 | Please write an abstract with title: A Selective Grafting Method of Polyacrylic Acid Insulation Films on Silicon and Aluminum Surfaces for TSV-CIS Package, and key words: insulation films, silicon, aluminum, polyacrylic acid, through-silicon via, CMOS image sensors. Abstract: With the development of miniaturization of electronic devices, the demand for through-silicon via (TSV) technology has become increasingly urgent. Insulation technology with function of preventing copper diffusion is a key issue for TSV quality and reliability. In this paper, a one-step selective grafting method was reported for covalently grafting polyacrylic acid (PAA) insulation films only on silicon (Si) surface without grafting on aluminum (Al) surface. This method is implemented in an acidic aqueous solution with 4-nitrobenzene diazonium tetrafluoroborate (NBD), hydrofluoric acid (HF), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and acrylic acid (AA) monomers. The existence of STPP in the solution can not only make Si more susceptible to corrosion and further facilitate grafting reaction of PAA films on Si substrate, but also form a layer of sodium fluoroaluminate precipitated film on the Al surface and further avoid the grafting reaction caused by NBD and corrosion of Al by HF. In addition, the effect of surfactants on PAA film formation was studied. Experiments shows that the combination of Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as surfactant can obtain PAA films with great compactness and uniform thickness. This one-step selective grafting method on Si and Al surfaces will have great application prospects for CMOS image sensors (CIS) package when the aspect ratio of TSV increases. |
21,056 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementing asynchronous circuits using a conventional EDA tool-flow, and key words: Asynchronous circuits, Electronic design automation and methodology, Flip-flops, Libraries, Delay, Timing, Clocks, Electromagnetic interference, Logic circuits, Permission. Abstract: This paper presents an approach by which asynchronous circuits can be realised with a conventional EDA tool flow and conventional standard cell libraries. Based on a gate-level asynchronous circuit implementation technique, direct-mapping, and by identifying the delay constraints and exploiting certain EDA tool features, this paper demonstrates that a conventional EDA tool flow can be used to describe, place, route and timing-verify asynchronous circuits. |
21,057 | Please write an abstract with title: Plasma induced damage monitoring for HDP processes, and key words: Monitoring, Plasma immersion ion implantation, CMOS technology, Plasma devices, Leak detection, Integrated circuit technology, Plasma density, Testing, Contacts, Stress. Abstract: For a better comprehension of Plasma Induced Damage (PID) a Short Loop (SL) wafer concept was developed. These wafers can be used for the purpose of monitoring, process development, and tool characterization in different processes. The process of High Density Plasma (HDP) deposition for Inter Layer Dielectrics (ILD) has been investigated using the SL wafer concept. Monitoring data will be presented and it will be shown how irregularities in the process can generate PID. The process sequence can lead to a deposition at the edge of the chuck which is clearly identified as the reason for charging damage. It is shown that the damage risk can be minimized by PID monitoring using the SL wafer concept and by an extended process control. |
21,058 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of the Influence of Elevated Ambient Temperatures on the Operation of Photovoltaic Modules, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Economics, Cooling, Industrial engineering, Manufacturing. Abstract: The article considers the influence the elevated ambient temperatures have on the photovoltaic modules efficiency. The photovoltaic module surface temperatures in the hottest months were calculated for the Southern Urals, as well as for countries with high average daily temperature. Possible electrical and economic losses due the photovoltaic module surface overheating were identified. The paper proposes cooling and protection options for the modules to prevent overheating when used in solar power plants, as well as calculates the effect overheating protection and cooling systems use on electrical losses during generation. |
21,059 | Please write an abstract with title: Development and Characterization of Novel Composite and Flexible Electrode Based on Titanium Dioxide, and key words: Electrodes, Impedance, Muscles, Metals, Electric potential, Polymers, Immune system. Abstract: Flexible implantable bioelectrodes have the potential to advance neural sensing and muscle stimulation, especially in peripheral nerve injuries. In such cases, the application of electrical stimulation to muscles prevents muscular atrophy and helps to bridge the gap between the injured nerve and the corresponding muscle. This article investigates the fabrication and characterization of a novel, cost-effective, flexible bioelectrode, based on silicone polymer (polysiloxane) and titanium (IV) dioxide. Samples were synthesized and evaluated for their electrochemical and mechanical properties. The bioelectrodes fabricated in this article exhibited promising electrical and mechanical characteristics. The ductile properties for the samples showed an elongation of 293% ± 27.1% before breaking and an elastic modulus of 32.9 ± 5.01 kPa. The impedance at 1 kHz (a standard frequency value to measure the neural activity) was equal to 198 kQ. The electrode's impedance found at 7 MHz was 0.35 kQ, thus supporting its potential to be employed in implantable electrode applications. |
21,060 | Please write an abstract with title: A Recommender System for Recommending Suitable Products in E-shop Using Explanations, and key words: Filtering, Collaborative filtering, Control systems, Artificial intelligence, Recommender systems, Robots, Testing. Abstract: This article proposes a recommender system for recommending relevant products in e-shop using explanations. The proposed system consists of three recommender modules called VIEW, RATING, and PURCHASE. The recommender modules use a content-based filtering approach and a collaborative filtering approach. The proposed recommender system works with explanations that contain arguments why the system recommended the specific product. Based on these explanations the user sees why specific products are recommended by the system. The proposed system was experimentally verified and the results of the experimental verification are discussed. |
21,061 | Please write an abstract with title: U-Net with Dense Encoder, Residual Decoder and Depth-wise Skip Connections, and key words: Convolution, Image segmentation, Decoding, Medical diagnostic imaging, Task analysis, Feature extraction. Abstract: For tasks like medical image segmentation and understanding, U-Net is one of the most prominent convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in recent years. Most of the models for image segmentation today are the variants of the classical U-Net. By applying some improvements on the convolution blocks and skip connections in U-Net, this paper proposes a dense-residual depth-wise U-Net (DR-DW U-Net). The DR-DW U-Net aims at extracting more useful features and alleviating the pressure during gradient descent. It adopts dense blocks in the left encoding path while using residual blocks in the right decoding path. In addition, the skip connections of DR-DW U-Net are injected with additional convolution blocks in the form of depth-wise convolution. The experimental results on two medical segmentation datasets indicate that the DR-DW U-Net achieves competitive performances and notable improvements over the classical U-Net as well as some well-designed variants of U-Net. |
21,062 | Please write an abstract with title: Ethereum Blockchain Based Logistics Application for Smart Supply Chain Management, and key words: Industries, Supply chain management, Costs, Supply chains, Smart contracts, Decentralized applications, Blockchains. Abstract: In recent years, compared to traditional supply chain systems Blockchain technology provides countless opportunities and potential to improve and develop the framework in a supply chain management model. We developed a client-side application which acts as a supply chain management platform built using Blockchain technology and Web3-net that provides access to cutting-edge services which include inventory tracking, order placement and product attribute information log. Cryptocurrency transactions are stored on a shared, digital ledger called a blockchain. This decentralized technology is spread across many computers and records every transaction. The platform provides secure and authentic information to its users at all stages using a decentralized app or DAPP which we have developed to ensure a seamless experience for verifying and maintaining data regarding all inventory parts and orders. This paper gives a model demonstration of the implementation of Blockchain Technology at the industry level. However, additional functionalities can be added in the future with enhanced compatibility. |
21,063 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning Pairwise Preferences from Movie Ratings, and key words: Motion pictures, Predictive models, Recommender systems, Social networking (online), Industries, Encoding, Task analysis. Abstract: Preference Elicitation is now considered a crucial stage in recommender system. That is the stage where we collect and query preferences of the users as part of interactive decision support system. Preference elicitation can be performed using many ways, such as asking the user explicitly to give ratings or feedbacks for some products, or implicitly observing their behaviour. Once this preference has been collected by the system, it can then be used to generate item recommendation. Using explicit feedback itself, such as rating only, has several drawbacks. Using ratings is very subjective. Two users with similar taste might give different rating to the same item. A user also may not be consistent in giving number to express their liking. In other case, a user may like an item more than the other items, but feels difficult to give lower rating on the other item, because it means that the particular item is just as bad as the one he/she does not like. By showing two different items as a pair, it will be easier for the users to pick which one is the best. In this paper, we show the result of our experiment in predicting user pairwise preferences by using their movie ratings data. We evaluated five different machine learning algorithms to predict the data in pairwise preference format. The result shows that K-Nearest Neighbour and Random Forest outperformed the other algorithms. |
21,064 | Please write an abstract with title: Downlink Secrecy Rate Maximization for IRS-Aided Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks: Analysis and Deep Learning Design, and key words: Deep learning, Simulation, Mathematical analysis, Massive MIMO, Interference, Network analyzers, Downlink. Abstract: In this paper, we study to maximize the downlink secrecy rate for IRS-Aided Cell-Free Massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO) networks. Particularly, firstly, we derive the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) at users and the eavesdropper to obtain the downlink achievable secrecy rate of an attacked user. Then, we propose an optimization problem to maximize the downlink achievable secrecy rate of the attacked user. Secondly, we propose a mathematical analysis and deep learning methods to solve the optimization problem. Finally, the simulation results show that the secrecy rate is significantly improved compared to the conventional CF-mMIMO. Moreover, the approximate results of the mathematical analysis and the deep learning method mean that the deep learning method can replace the mathematical analysis method to save computational costs. |
21,065 | Please write an abstract with title: An Adaptive droop Curve for the Superimposed Frequency Method in DC Microgrids, and key words: Reactive power, Voltage control, Microgrids, Loading, Adaptive systems, Stability analysis, Frequency control. Abstract: This paper proposes a new adaptive droop curve to ensure the stability of the superimposed frequency method (SFM) for the control of DC Microgrids. SFM has a remarkable accuracy in load-sharing and voltage regulations among different control strategies of DC microgrids. However, this method suffers from some levels of instability in terms of the load variations. This is due to (i) location of the system dominant poles; which is really sensitive to the variations of the system loading, and (ii) limitations in the transferred reactive power; which is used to regulate source DC voltages. Therefore, a new strategy based on an adaptive droop curve is presented in this paper to keep the system dominant poles in an acceptable area and its performance is verified using different simulation studies in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. |
21,066 | Please write an abstract with title: A Generalized Approach to the Design of Microwave Oscillators, and key words: Microwave oscillators, Frequency, Design methodology, Scattering parameters, Voltage, Microwave devices, MESFETs, Equivalent circuits, Numerical models, Power generation. Abstract: A new approach to the design of microwave oscillators is presented which allows both frequency and power output to be predicted. The main feature of this technique is that it allows the optimum performance to be obtained from the active device. This is achieved by employing a generalized substitution theorem, which is described and mathematically proven, A design example and experimental results are given for a 12-GHz MESFET oscillator. The experimental results were found to be within 9 percent of the predicted values for both frequency and power, without any experimental adjustment adjustment. |
21,067 | Please write an abstract with title: Fixed length analysis of turbo decoder, and key words: Decoding, Turbo codes, Convergence, Graphical models, Encoding, Parity check codes, Petroleum, Silicon compounds, Viterbi algorithm, Convolutional codes. Abstract: We propose an approach based on a message circulation concept for the convergence analysis of the turbo decoder. We define an interleaver ensemble as a set of all possible interleavers and a k-segment cycle in a given interleaver. Then a message-round probability on a k-segment cycle is derived on an interleaver ensemble. The result is very suggestive and allows the quantitative explanation of the convergence rate. |
21,068 | Please write an abstract with title: Offering Strategy of Wind Power Producers Considering Strategic Position in Intraday Market, and key words: Stochastic processes, Production, Wind power generation, Smart grids, Mixed integer linear programming, Mathematical model, Optimization. Abstract: Significant capacity of wind power producers (WPPs) compared to the total installed generation grants a dominant position to these producers in the market environment. Accordingly, The present study concerns the optimal offering strategy of a strategic WPP. The price-maker WPP offers to day-ahead (DA) and intraday (ID) markets to manipulate prices in order to attain further profits. Also, it compensates its deviations of production in the balancing (BAL) market. The proposed framework is a bi-level model that can be formulated as a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC). By utilizing the strong duality theorem, Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions, and the Fortuny-Amat method the problem is transformed into a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. Demand bids, rival producers' offerings, and wind production are incorporated into the model through scenarios. A 3-bus system and IEEE 24-bus RTS are used as case studies to delineate the efficiency of the methodology. |
21,069 | Please write an abstract with title: Analog integrated circuit for detection of approaching object against moving background based on lower animal vision, and key words: Analog integrated circuits, Object detection, Animals, Semiconductor device measurement, Circuit testing, Shape measurement, Insects, Visual system, Integrated circuit measurements, CMOS process. Abstract: A network for displaying target edges without displaying those of the background was proposed based on the insect visual system. The measured results of a test chip fabricated with 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS process showed that simple analog circuits constructing the network operate correctly. A test chip of the proposed network was also fabricated with the same process. It was clarified from the measured results that the network can only output signals of target edges. A network for detection of an approaching object, which inputs edge signals, was contained in the fabricated chip. The measured results showed that the chip can detect the approaching velocity and direction and recognize a simple shape such as a circle, square, rectangle and triangle without affecting the background. |
21,070 | Please write an abstract with title: Realizing Optimal Current Distributions for Radiation Efficiency in Practical Antennas, and key words: Impedance, Antenna feeds, Antenna measurements, Current distribution, Transmission line matrix methods, Electromagnetics. Abstract: Modern antenna design is facing increasing issues with the radiation efficiency, since the space available for antennas is scarce and antennas are fitted into lossy environments. This letter presents a multiport antenna design method with a computationally efficient way to realize the port currents providing the highest radiation efficiency. In this method, an antenna is described with multiple excitation ports in electromagnetic simulations. The measurement results of an example design demonstrate the achieved benefit compared to traditional antenna design. |
21,071 | Please write an abstract with title: Cyber-Security for IoT Applications based on ANN Algorithm, and key words: Smart agriculture, Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Smart buildings, Prototypes, Artificial neural networks, Smart homes. Abstract: Actually, Internet of Things (IoT) applications have greatly been applied in several domains such as smart home, smart building, smart agriculture, etc. However, IoT applications suffer from different form of cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks may block the whole functionality of IoT applications. In this paper, the vulnerabilities and security of smart agriculture application is considered using artificial intelligence (AI) especially deep learning algorithms. Among the parameters monitored in the prototype of smart agriculture application temperature/humidity, water level, oxygen and toxic gas. Then, the security weakness and attacks of IoT environment for smart application have been handled and analyzed. Hence, an intrusion detection system (IDS) has been performed to detect cyber-attacks and alert sensor nodes about them. The IDS implemented in this work is based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The IDS may allow the detection of suspicious and abnormal activities and triggers alarm in the event of an intrusion. |
21,072 | Please write an abstract with title: Blockchain Data Analysis from the Perspective of Complex Networks: Overview, and key words: Analytical models, Data analysis, Systematics, Complex networks, Knowledge discovery, Data models, Blockchains. Abstract: Cryptocurrency based on blockchain technology has gradually become a choice for people to invest in, and several users have participated in the accumulation of massive transaction data. Complete transaction records in blockchains and the openness of data provide researchers with opportunities to mine and analyze data in blockchains. Network modeling and analysis of cryptocurrency transaction records are common methods in blockchain data analysis. The analysis of attribute graphs can provide insights into various economic indicators, illegal activities, and general Internet security, among others. Accordingly, this article aims to summarize and analyze the literature on cryptocurrency transaction data from the perspective of complex networks. To provide systematic guidance for researchers, we put forward a blockchain data analysis framework based on the introduction of the relevant background and reviewed the work from five aspects: blockchain data model, data acquisition on blockchains, existing analysis tools, available insights, and common analysis methods. For each aspect, we introduce the research problems, summarize the methods, and discuss the results and findings. Finally, we present future research points and several open questions in the study of cryptocurrency transaction networks. |
21,073 | Please write an abstract with title: Airborne GNSS-R: A Key Enabling Technology for Environmental Monitoring, and key words: Sea measurements, Instruments, Spatial resolution, Soil moisture, Sea surface, Global navigation satellite system, Soil measurements. Abstract: Weather forecast using GNSS-R relies, to a large extent, on data acquired by airborne and spaceborne platforms due to the extended coverage that can be achieved. GEO satellites can retrieve measurements over large areas but with spatial resolutions on the order of thousands of meters per pixel. LEO satellites with polar orbits can provide measurements over the entire world, but they cannot provide good spatial or high temporal resolutions by themselves. LEO constellations of small satellites have the same coverage with improved spatial resolution and revisit times by using data fusion techniques. High-altitude pseudo-satellites offer an excellent temporal and spatial resolution but only over limited areas. In this article, the potential of using hosted GNSS-R payloads on commercial aircraft is explored as an alternative and cost-effective means to achieve a very high resolution and a very low revisit time for regional environmental applications. Finally, a case study of soil moisture monitoring over Europe is presented, including an analysis of the expected performance. |
21,074 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Validity of the Asymptotic Near-Ground Propagation Model of Hertzian Dipole for Finite-Length Dipole Antennas, and key words: Electric fields, Dipole antennas, Current distribution, Electromagnetic propagation, Wireless sensor networks. Abstract: This letter deals with the near-ground propagation of electromagnetic waves, when the emitting antenna is a finite length dipole, rather than an elementary one. The existing propagation model for an elementary Hertzian dipole is extended to a realistic case by assuming a known current distribution over the finite-length dipole. Validation of the theoretical models by an electromagnetic simulator (NEC2d) is also presented in this article. |
21,075 | Please write an abstract with title: Blind Joint Polarization Demultiplexing and IQ Imbalance Compensation for --QAM Coherent Optical Communications, and key words: Optical polarization, Optical transmitters, Optical distortion, Demultiplexing, Quadrature amplitude modulation, Optical receivers. Abstract: A novel joint polarization demultiplexing and IQ imbalance compensation scheme for coherent optical communications that uses global update is proposed and analyzed through numerical simulations. We describe the system model and derive its related equations. Next, we formulate our blind M-QAM arbitrary approach based on EASI algorithm and using the second order statistics of the observed signals. A comparison of the proposed joint method with the traditional CMA for polarization demultiplexing followed by BASS forIQ imbalance compensation is also reported. Evaluated metrics (EVM, MSE, BER) demonstrate its effectiveness compared with CMA cascaded with BASS algorithm. |
21,076 | Please write an abstract with title: LPG Gas Usage and Leakage Detection Using IoT in Brunei, and key words: Explosions, Mobile applications, Monitoring. Abstract: LPG gas cylinders are the most popular home cooking source in Brunei and other parts of the world. However, LPG gas is highly inflammable and can easily cause fire or explosion if there is a leakage and if it is not monitored. When the gas runs out at odd time, it can be difficult to order. This IoT based system first monitors the usage of the gas and places an order to the gas supplier when the gas level goes below a threshold value. It also detects any gas leakage and automatically closes the knob of the cylinder when the gas leakage level goes above a threshold value. This system also sends automatic alert notifications to the user through mobile application. Web interface and mobile application are also created to monitor and place order to the supplier. |
21,077 | Please write an abstract with title: More than words: A Framework for Describing Human-Robot Dialog Designs, and key words: Vocabulary, Market research, Iterative methods, Robots. Abstract: This paper presents a novel framework for describing human-robot interaction dialog, developed from a survey and analysis of existing systems and research. We collected data from 75 published systems and conducted an iterative thematic analysis to distill the broad range of work into key underlying factors de-fining them. Our framework provides a language to describe hu-man-robot dialog systems and a new way of classifying and under-standing human-robot dialog, in terms of both high-level design aspects and relevant implementation details. Our quantitative sur-vey summary further provides a detailed, contemporary snapshot of predominant approaches in the field, highlighting opportunities for further exploration. |
21,078 | Please write an abstract with title: Network Security in Software defined Networks (SDN), and key words: Security, Software defined networking, Monitoring, Communication networks, Computer architecture, Access control, Protocols. Abstract: Based on the generalized definition of a network, we know that it is made up of a number of nodes. Sending and receiving of data takes place via these nodes. This process is characterized by the permission provided and requirement of sharing data. Basically, networking helps the nodes across the globe to connect and enable data transfer. Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a smart networking technique. It brings together other disciplines with networking for example, programming, research etc. The SDN model is predominantly controlled by a central unit called controller. All the communication takes place via this controller; however, it has a disadvantage. If the controller anyhow fails or is hacked, the entire system will either fail or get corrupted. In this paper disadvantage of the SDN has overcome with the relevant solution. |
21,079 | Please write an abstract with title: Sampled-data Control for Itô Time Varying Delay Stochastic Singular Markovian Jump Systems, and key words: Sufficient conditions, Automation, Indium tin oxide, Stability criteria, Control systems, Delays, Linear matrix inequalities. Abstract: This paper investigates the sampled-data admissibility of Ito time varying delay stochastic singular Markovian jump systems (Ito SSMJSs). We propose a novel delay-dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional using input delay approach. The stochastic stability criteria are given by developing the technique of linear matrix inequality (LMI). Furthermore, a sampled-data controller is designed for the Ito time varying delay SSMJS by analyzing the admissibility conditions. Finally, numerical examples demonstrate the usefulness of the method in this paper. |
21,080 | Please write an abstract with title: Ocean Medical Waste Detection for CPU-Based Underwater Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs), and key words: Computer vision, Autonomous underwater vehicles, Remotely guided vehicles, Oceans, Authentication, Machine learning, Detectors. Abstract: This paper explores the possibility of using computer vision and underwater Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) to detect medical waste, such as masks and gloves in oceans. We use a single-stage detector to train the machine learning approach and then validate the results using the video feed from the tethered ROV. |
21,081 | Please write an abstract with title: Is synthetic voice detection research going into the right direction?, and key words: Deep learning, Training, Computer vision, Image color analysis, Forensics, Conferences, Bit rate. Abstract: Machine Learning, and in general Artificial Intelligence approaches, brought a great advance in each and every field of Computer Science increasing accuracy levels of predictors in any known problem. Indeed, this evolution enabled the construction of effective frameworks and solutions able to be used in investigative and forensics scenarios for detection of fakes and, in general, manipulations in multimedia contents. On the other hand, can we trust these systems? Is research activity going in the right direction? Are we just taking the low-hanging fruit without taking into account many real-case-in-the-wild situations? The purpose of this paper is to raise an alert to the research community in the specific context of synthetic voice detection, where data available for training is not big enough to give sufficient trust in the techniques available in the literature. To this aim, an exploratory investigation of the most common voice spoofing dataset was carried out and it was surprisingly easy to build simple classifiers without any Deep Learning techniques. Simple considerations on bitrate were sufficient to achieve an effective detection performance. |
21,082 | Please write an abstract with title: Semantic Unsupervised Change Detection of Natural Land Cover With Multitemporal Object-Based Analysis on SAR Images, and key words: Vegetation mapping, Biomass, Semantics, Synthetic aperture radar, Agriculture, Image segmentation, Radar polarimetry. Abstract: Change detection is one of the most addressed topics in the remote sensing community. When performed on synthetic aperture radar images, the most critical issues are as follows: 1) the labeling of the identified changing patterns and 2) the scarce robustness of classic pixel-based approaches based on threshold segmentation of an appropriate change index, which tend to fail when multiple changes are present in the study area. In this work, a new methodology for unsupervised change detection in vegetation canopy is presented. It overcomes these limitations by exploiting multitemporal geographical object-based image analysis with the aim to make the intrinsic semantic of data emerge and direct the processing toward the identification of precise classes of changes through dictionary-based preclassification and fuzzy combination of class-specific information layers. The proposed methodology has been tested in ten different experiments covering agriculture and clear-cut deforestation applications. The results, validated against literature methods, highlighted the superiority of the proposed approach, which was quantitatively assessed in terms of standard classification quality parameters. On agriculture experiments, it allowed for an average increase in the detection accuracy of about 11% with respect to the best performing literature method, with an increment of the false alarm rate in the order of 0.5%. In case of deforestation, the registered detection accuracy was comparable to that achieved by the literature, while the most significant benefit was the reduction, of more than one-third, of the number of detected false deforestation patterns. Overall, the main characteristics of the proposed architecture are the robustness and the lack of any supervision, which makes it very well-suited for operational scenarios. |
21,083 | Please write an abstract with title: Opposition-Based Quantum Bat Algorithm to Eliminate Lower-Order Harmonics of Multilevel Inverters, and key words: Harmonic analysis, Switches, Pulse width modulation, Power harmonic filters, Genetic algorithms, Standards, Multilevel inverters. Abstract: Selective harmonic elimination (SHE) technique is used in power inverters to eliminate specific lower-order harmonics by determining optimum switching angles that are used to generate Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signals for multilevel inverter (MLI) switches. Various optimization algorithms have been developed to determine the optimum switching angles. However, these techniques are still trapped in local optima. This study proposes an opposition-based quantum bat algorithm (OQBA) to determine these optimum switching angles. This algorithm is formulated by utilizing habitual characteristics of bats. It has advanced learning ability that can effectively remove lower-order harmonics from the output voltage of MLI. It can eventually increase the quality of the output voltage along with the efficiency of the MLI. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated with three different case studies involving 7, 11, and 17-level three-phase MLIs. The results are verified using both simulation and experimental studies. The results showed substantial improvement and superiority compared to other available algorithms both in terms of the harmonics reduction of harmonics and finding the correct solutions. |
21,084 | Please write an abstract with title: Parallel machine scheduling problem based on improved Hierarchic Genetic Algorithm, and key words: Job shop scheduling, Sociology, Simulated annealing, Production, Parallel machines, Statistics, Optimization. Abstract: This paper studies the problem of minimizing the maximum completion time of parallel machine scheduling based on MapReduce model. Each work piece contains Map and Reduce processes. Map process can be divided into parallel processing on multiple machines, while Reduce process is indivisible and can only be processed after the completion of Map process. The improved Hierarchic Genetic Algorithm is designed. The Adaptive Genetic Algorithm is used in the low level algorithm, and the Simulated Annealing is used in the high level algorithm. By comparing the merits and demerits of different populations in the low level, individuals of the high level population are selected to realize the information exchange among the populations. Simulation results show that, compared with the Simulated Annealing and the Water Wave optimization, the improved Hierarchic Genetic Algorithm designed in this paper has better convergence. |
21,085 | Please write an abstract with title: Educational contents sharing and retrieving systems using mobile agent, and key words: Content based retrieval, Mobile agents, Computer science education, System testing, Traffic control, Network servers, Laboratories, Computer architecture, Dictionaries, Distributed computing. Abstract: The mobile agent is receiving the attention as a new technique to retrieve and to share the distributed contents on Web-based educational systems. Retrieval using a mobile agent uses the method that delivers the agent to accomplish a search in the direct server. This study proposed the model of a retrieval system that shares and searches the distributed educational contents of the bulletin board and newsgroup by using the mobile agent. In order to evaluate the efficiencies of the system that is proposed, we did the comparison test on the search model of the existing and proposing system. By a test result, we confirmed network traffic of the proposed system are diminished. Moreover we gave proof of the fact that the optimum search time of the mobile agent-based system is shortened. |
21,086 | Please write an abstract with title: SMS-MPC: Adversarial Learning-based Simultaneous Prediction Control with Single Model for Mobile Robots, and key words: Training, Technological innovation, Robot control, Predictive models, Robustness, Mobile robots, Task analysis. Abstract: Model predictive control is a promising method in robot control tasks. How to design an effective model structure and efficient prediction framework for model predictive control is still an open challenge. To reduce the time consumption and avoid compounding-error of the multi-step prediction process in model predictive control, we propose a single-model simultaneous framework, which uses single dynamics model to predict the entire prediction horizon simultaneously by taking all control actions with the current state as inputs. Based on this framework, we further propose an adversarial dynamics model that contains two parts. The generator provides a dynamics model for the prediction process, while the discriminator provides constraints that are hard to describe by manually defined loss. This adversarial dynamics model can accelerate training and improve model accuracy in unstructured environments. Experiments conducted in Gazebo simulator and on a real mobile robot demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the single-model simultaneous framework with an adversarial dynamics model. |
21,087 | Please write an abstract with title: Calibrated and Frequency Traceable D-Band FMCW Radar for VNA-like S-Parameter Measurements, and key words: Phase measurement, Radar measurements, Stability criteria, Millimeter wave measurements, Radar, Loss measurement, Frequency measurement. Abstract: In this paper a D-band frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar system and a signal processing chain for vector network analyzer(VNA)-like S-parameter measurements are presented. The radar sensor covers an ultra-wide 56GHz (126GHz–182GHz, 36.4%) sweep bandwidth and can be equipped with a standard WM-1651 [1] (WR-6.5) waveguide flange. To achieve measurement-grade phase stability a cascaded multi-phase-locked-loop (PLL) frequency traceable reference clock concept is introduced and system stability measurements are presented. Finally, a FMCW radar calibration concept is provided to allow complex (magnitude and phase) S-parameter measurements with cost-effective wide-band FMCW radar sensors. To demonstrate the achieved system performance and the potential of this approach, material characterization measurements are presented and compared to conventional VNA measurement equipment with waveguide extenders. |
21,088 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Signal Clearance System using Density Based Traffic Control, and key words: Roads, Image processing, Urban areas, Traffic control, Real-time systems, Timing, Resource management. Abstract: Traffic control is found to be major challenging task in urban areas. Incorporating technique like image processing in traffic control achieves better results than the existing methods. In the existing traffic control methods green signal is given for a given time period even for an empty road where there is no existence of any vehicles. In order to overcome this traffic congestion, the proposed system named Dynamic Traffic Signal Processing incorporates dynamic traffic prediction and timing scheme using image processing techniques that has self-learning ability. It effectively manages traffic flow even for a huge number of vehicles in the junction. It also develops a system that does not require qualified and mechanical personnel to enhance and preserve the system. The proposed system provides 38% improvement in terms of waiting time when compared with the existing hard coded system. This system also evidences to be adaptive and dynamic as it accounts for change in traffic congestion and could be extended further and used in real-time applications. |
21,089 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of FEA Techniques for Estimation of Power Module Parasitics, and key words: Inductance, Software packages, Simulation, Multichip modules, Switches, Predictive models, Boundary conditions. Abstract: Finite element analysis (FEA) is a commonly used technique to estimate the parasitics of semiconductor packaging structures such as multi-chip power modules (MCPMs). The shift towards faster switching speeds and smaller packaging has led to increased interest in characterizing these parasitics in order to predict their impact on system behavior and device reliability. Several commercial software packages are available that can be employed in support of these goals. This paper seeks to compare and quantify the performance and accuracy of two software packages commonly used for this purpose - namely ANSYS Q3D extractor and COMSOL Multiphysics. A module-like structure with a flexible terminal configuration is used as a test article to support this analysis. |
21,090 | Please write an abstract with title: Usage based service differentiation for end-to-end quality of service management, and key words: Quality of service, Quality management, Resource management, Environmental management, Computer science, Application software, Computer applications, Gases, Heart, Costs. Abstract: It is often difficult to ensure that every application in a computing environment receives the level of quality of service required by their users. In such cases, the demand for computing resources to do so simply exceeds the limited supply that is available. To ensure that at least some user applications meet quality of service requirements, service differentiation is one approach growing in popularity. In this approach, preferential service is given to selected applications, while others deemed less important suffer in comparison. Most work in this area bases service differentiation decisions on static information about the applications, such as the name and type of application, the owner of the application, execution time, and the host on which the application was executed. In this paper, we discuss a new approach to service differentiation that takes into consideration dynamic application usage information in service differentiation decisions. In doing so, we can make better or fairer service differentiation decisions that allow more users to enjoy higher levels of quality of service. This is accomplished by ensuring preferential service is given to applications whose users can actually benefit from the improved service, as opposed to those applications that are essentially ignored or in a state that renders them unusable. |
21,091 | Please write an abstract with title: CMOS custom LSI computer design and fabrication, and key words: Large scale integration, Fabrication, CMOS logic circuits, Logic arrays, Registers, Logic design, Circuit simulation, Logic testing, Automatic logic units, NASA. Abstract: An LSI CMOS computer has been produced, utilizing design automation. The design, partitioning, fabrication and testing of 10 LSI chip types used and the integration and testing of the entire computer will be discussed. |
21,092 | Please write an abstract with title: Packet Timescale Wavelength Switching Enabled by Regression Optimisation, and key words: Optical switches, Laser tuning, Gratings, Measurement by laser beam, Frequency measurement. Abstract: A linear regression algorithm is applied to a digital-supermode distributed Bragg reflector laser to optimise wavelength switching times. The algorithm uses the output of a digital coherent receiver as feedback to update the pre-emphasis weights applied to the laser section currents. This permits in-situ calculation without manual weight adjustments. The application of this optimiser to a representative subsection of channels indicates this commercially available laser can rapidly reconfigure over 6.05 THz, supporting 122 channels, in less than 10 ns. |
21,093 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Misogyny Detection in Social Media Platforms using Attention-based Bidirectional-LSTM, and key words: Deep learning, Social networking (online), Conferences, Text categorization, Focusing, Transformers, Feature extraction. Abstract: The important growth of social media and online gaming sites in recent years have increased the challenge of online moderation to keep the internet safe and without toxic content. Today, machine learning techniques play an important role in detecting inappropriate content and help moderate online interaction. Text classification using Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods has been extensively studied using deep learning models and transformers which have shown impressive results. Despite this, specific classification tasks on limited datasets still need to be improved. In this paper, we propose an approach based on an Attention-Based Bidirectional LSTM model and a combination of custom features to enhance automatic misogyny identification (AMI) on social media. We present a multi-lingual study of the phenomena by carrying out different classification experiments. Our study focuses on selecting most important features to improve the model for misogyny detection. The proposed model outperforms many state-of-the-art approaches across multiple datasets. |
21,094 | Please write an abstract with title: Spectral Characteristics of Semiconductor Lasers with Optical Feedback, and key words: Laser feedback, Semiconductor lasers, Optical feedback, Laser modes, Laser noise, Laser transitions, Mirrors, Optical control, Stability, Phase noise. Abstract: Optical feedback-induced changes in the output spectra of several GaAlAs lasers operating at 0.83 µm are described. The feedback radiation obtained from a mirror 60 cm away from the laser is controlled in intensity and phase. Spectral line narrowing or broadening is observed in each laser depending on the feedback conditions. Minimum linewidths observed with feedback are less than 100 kHz. Improved wavelength stability is also obtained with optical feedback resulting in 15 dB less phase noise. Analytical model for the three-mirror cavity is developed to explain these observations. |
21,095 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel OFDM transceiver with time-domain scrambling, and key words: OFDM, Transceivers, Time domain analysis, Frequency diversity, Interference suppression, Multiaccess communication, Frequency domain analysis, Delay estimation, Downlink, Fast Fourier transforms. Abstract: In cellular OFDM systems with the frequency reuse factor as one, all the same subcarriers are used in every sector of adjacent cells. This induces very strong intercell interference, particularly for the user equipment at the cell edge. A novel OFDM transceiver with time-domain scrambling is proposed in this paper to suppress the intercell interference and provide the frequency diversity. Numerical results proved that the proposed scheme considerably improves the spectrum efficiency and the overall OFDM system throughput in both single-cell and multicell environments. By using long scrambling in the time domain, an improvement in estimates of channel tap delays for frame synchronization and fast cell search can be also realized. |
21,096 | Please write an abstract with title: Near field vector beam measurements at 1 THz, and key words: Extraterrestrial measurements, Optical receivers, Antenna measurements, Wavelength measurement, Optical transmitters, Frequency, Optical waveguides, Optical interferometry, Optical harmonic generation, Submillimeter wave measurements. Abstract: We have performed near-field vector beam measurements at 1.03 THz to characterize and align the receiver optics of a superconducting receiver. The signal source is a harmonic generator mounted on an X-Y translation stage. We model the measured two-dimensional complex beam pattern by a fundamental Gaussian mode, from which we derive the position of the beam center, the beam radius and the direction of propagation. By performing scans in the planes separated by 400 mm, we have confirmed that our beam pattern measurements are highly reliable. |
21,097 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Circular Reconfigurable Metasurface-Based Compact UWB Hybrid Coupler for Ku-Band Applications, and key words: Couplers, Microstrip, Gap waveguide, Surface impedance, Substrates, Dispersion. Abstract: A novel circular reconfigurable metasurface (MS) based compact ultra-wideband (UWB) hybrid coupler is developed for Ku-band applications. The coupler is developed using the substrate-integrated gap waveguide (SIGW) technology. The coupler structure consists of two layers, the bottom layer represents the artificial magnetic surface of the periodic structures and the ridges in between that guide the wave in the required direction with minimum dispersion. It involves the coupling section with a centered etched slot and two additional vias to achieve the basic hybrid coupler properties. This layer is nominated as the ridge layer. The second layer is a circular shape of a dielectric gap loaded with the top ground. The top ground is left solid for a non-reconfigurable coupler. Concerning the reconfigurable coupler, this layer contains an artificial metasurface of Jerusalem cross elements where the copper is etched around. This layer is nominated as the gap layer. This MS surface is mechanically rotated to offset the magnitude and phase of the signal going to the through and coupled ports. The findings obtained from the simulations show that the reconfiguration can be accomplished by rotating the MS around the source coupler’s central axis. The rotation is tested between 0° to 180° in the counter-clockwise direction. The operating frequency range of the coupler is between 11.94 to 16.91 GHz, which covers approximately the whole Ku-band. The coupler delivers continuously adjustable amplitude between 2.6 and 4.8 dB while the phase differences within 77° to 105° over a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 34.45%. It is manufactured using PCB technology and measured using network analyzer. A strong agreement is achieved between simulations and measurements. The proposed coupler can be used in traditional beam-forming and beam-steering networks by changing the rotation angle or the operating frequency. The developed coupler can replace the Butler and Bless matrices with their complication, heavy number of phase shifters, and crossover problems. The current work can be extended to operate in the mm-Wave band by changing the dimension and the material of the unit cell of the ridge layer of the coupler. |
21,098 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Type-2 Fuzzy <i>C</i>-Means Clustering for Brain MR Image Segmentation, and key words: Image segmentation, Clustering algorithms, Uncertainty, Standards, Brain modeling, Cybernetics. Abstract: The fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering procedure is an unsupervised form of grouping the homogenous pixels of an image in the feature space into clusters. A brain magnetic resonance (MR) image is affected by noise and intensity inhomogeneity (IIH) during the acquisition process. FCM has been used in MR brain tissue segmentation. However, it does not consider the neighboring pixels for computing the membership values, thereby misclassifying the noisy pixels. The inaccurate cluster centers obtained in FCM do not address the problem of IIH. A fixed value of the fuzzifier ( m) used in FCM brings uncertainty in controlling the fuzziness of the extracted clusters. To resolve these issues, we suggest a novel type-2 adaptive weighted spatial FCM (AWSFCM) clustering algorithm for MR brain tissue segmentation. The idea of type-2 FCM applied to the problem on hand is new and is reported in this article. The application of the proposed technique to the problem of MR brain tissue segmentation replaces the fixed fuzzifier value with a fuzzy linguistic fuzzifier value ( M). The introduction of the spatial information in the membership function reduces the misclassification of noisy pixels. Furthermore, the incorporation of adaptive weights into the cluster center update function improves the accuracy of the final cluster centers, thereby reducing the effect of IIH. The suggested algorithm is evaluated using T1-w, T2-w, and proton density (PD) brain MR image slices. The performance is justified in terms of qualitative and quantitative measures followed by statistical analysis. The outcomes demonstrate the superiority and robustness of the algorithm in comparison to the state-of-the-art methods. This article is useful for the cybernetics application. |
21,099 | Please write an abstract with title: A time-domain approach to extract SPICE-compatible equivalent models for embedded interconnects, and key words: Time domain analysis, Integrated circuit interconnections, Reflection, Transmission line matrix methods, Bandwidth, Circuit synthesis, Equivalent circuits, Circuit simulation, Bonding, Wire. Abstract: This paper proposes an efficient algorithm for extracting SPICE-compatible circuits of embedded interconnect structures from FDTD-simulated time-domain reflections. A layer-peeling technique (LPT) is first employed to de-embed the interconnect-under-extract (IUE) and obtain the time-domain response of the IUE itself. A general pencil of matrix method (GPOM) is then used to get the pole-residue representation of the time-domain response of the IUE. A pole-reducing procedure is implemented based on a bandwidth criterion to obtain another pole-residue representation with minimum poles. Finally, the lumped equivalent models of the IUE are synthesized by an equivalent lumped-model extraction technique, in which four types of equivalent model bases are used. The equivalent circuit can be easily implemented in a SPICE-like simulator. A bonding wire structure and a multiple discontinuous microstrip line are presented as an example to demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm both in time and frequency domains. |
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