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Please write an abstract with title: Deep Canonical Correlation Analysis Using Sparsity-Constrained Optimization for Nonlinear Process Monitoring, and key words: Kernel, Correlation, Optimization, Neural networks, Informatics, Image reconstruction, Feature extraction. Abstract: This article proposes an efficient nonlinear process monitoring method (DCCA-SCO) by integrating canonical correlation analysis (CCA), deep autoencoder neural networks (DAENNs), and sparsity-constrained optimization (SCO). Specifically, DAENNs are first used to learn a nonlinear function automatically, which characterizes intrinsic features of the original process data. Then, the CCA is performed in that low-dimensional representation space to extract the most correlated variables. In addition, the SCO is imposed to reduce the redundancy of the hidden representation. Unlike other deep CCA methods, the DCCA-SCO provides a new nonlinear method that is able to learn a nonlinear mapping with a sparse prior. The validity of the proposed DCCA-SCO is extensively demonstrated on the benchmark Tennessee Eastman (TE) process and the diesel generator process. In particular, compared with the classical CCA, the fault detection rate is increased by 8.00% for the fault IDV(11) in the TE process.
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2,801
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Please write an abstract with title: Improvement and Omnidirectional Analysis of Magnetic Gradient Tensor Invariants Method, and key words: Trajectory, Tensors, Magnetic resonance imaging, Magnetic analysis, Magnetic moments, Iterative methods, Analytical models. Abstract: The scalar triangulation and ranging (STAR) method is a magnetic detection method based on magnetic gradient tensor invariants, which has a wide application prospect. Due to the asphericity parameter, there are distance error and direction error in the STAR method. There have been studies to compensate the direction error, but the distance error has not been compensated. This article proposes a new STAR method (NSM) that uses an iterative method to compensate both the direction error and the distance error. Considering the convenience and feasibility of the operation, previous researchers analyzed the detection accuracy of the magnetic detection method by the detection error of the magnetic target on a latitude trajectory (latitude line in the spherical coordinate system of magnetic detection). But different latitude trajectories will lead to different analysis results. In order to analyze the influence of motion trajectory on the detection error, the omnidirectional magnetic detection model (OMDM) is established. The omnidirectional error expectation is used to more accurately measure the detection accuracy of the magnetic detection method. Based on the OMDM, the warp trajectory (warp line in the spherical coordinate system of magnetic detection) that accurately measures the detection accuracy is found. Simulation results show that NSM reduces the localization error of the STAR method, Lv-STAR method, and Wang-STAR method by 87.5%, 58.8%, and 12.5%, respectively. Both simulation and experimental results show that when comparing and analyzing the detection accuracy of the magnetic detection method, the results obtained by a latitude trajectory are one-sided, but a warp trajectory is both operable and accurate.
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2,802
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Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Learning Models for Getting Insights into Multimodal Lifelog Data, and key words: Training, Adaptation models, Adaptive learning, Correlation, Weight control, Predictive models, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Regular exercise and scientific eating can support weight control and benefit everyone’s health, especially athletes. In recent years, although much research has been conducted in this field, only small groups of people were studied, and a few models revealed links between weight and speed attributes (e.g., activities, wellbeing, habits) to extract tips to assist people in controlling their weight and running speed. In this research, we propose an approach that uses pattern mining and correlation discovery techniques to discover the most optimal attributes over time to forecast the weight and speed of an athlete for a sports event. Furthermore, we propose Adaptive Learning Models, which can learn from personal and public data to forecast a person’s weight or speed in various age groups, such as young adults, middle-aged adults, and female or male members. Based on the above analysis, different approaches to building prediction models of athletes’ weight or running speed are being examined based on the primary data. Our suggested approach yields encouraging results when tested on public and private data sets.
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2,803
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Please write an abstract with title: Collusion of fingerprints via the gradient attack, and key words: Fingerprint recognition, Protection, Cryptography, Spread spectrum communication, Probability distribution, Watermarking, Forensics, Robustness, Video sharing, Peer to peer computing. Abstract: The difficulty of building an effective digital rights management system stems from the fact that traditional cryptographic primitives such as encryption or scrambling do not protect audio or video signals once they are played in plain-text. This fact, commonly referred to as "the analog hole," has been responsible for the popularity of multimedia file sharing which cannot be controlled, at least technically, by content's copyright owners. In this paper, we explore a specific issue in multimedia fingerprinting as an answer to "the analog hole" problem. We analyze the collusion resistance of spread-spectrum fingerprints with an arbitrary probability distribution of their source using a recently introduced collusion procedure, the gradient attack
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2,804
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Please write an abstract with title: Mean Shift-Based Edge Detection for Color Image, and key words: Image edge detection, Color, Colored noise, Detectors, Noise robustness, Image segmentation, Image processing, Computer vision, Object recognition, Image storage. Abstract: Edge detection is an important process in low level image processing. With the advent of powerful computers, it is now possible to move to the more computationally intensive realm of color image understanding. There are many benefits in doing so including the increased amount of information for object location and processing. However, many proposed methods for color edge detection are computational expensive and are not very robust to the image noise. In this paper, a new method based on Mean Shift algorithm to detect edge in color images is presented. The gradient-ascent mean shift localizes edges accurately in the presence of noise and provides a good computational performance, being based on local operators. Experimental results show the effectiveness and robustness of proposed method.
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2,805
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Please write an abstract with title: The Need for Emergency-Based Access Control in AAL Systems, and key words: Access control, Embedded computing, Medical services, Older adults. Abstract: AAL applications are designed for elderly people and collecting personally identifiable information (PII), e.g. health data. During normal operations, these data should be kept private. But during emergency situations, the information is critical for helpers and emergency doctors. This paper discusses the results of a survey conducted for PII in AAL and proofs the requirement of special access control rules for systems in situations of emergency.
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2,806
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Please write an abstract with title: A portable remote emergency support system (PRESS) for worker safety in noisy working environments, and key words: Safety, Production facilities, Industries, Servers, Bluetooth, Accidents, Urban areas. Abstract: Operators in factories are often fatigued due to long working hours causing them to have a reduced attention and ignore visible warning signs that has led to numerous accidents at work. However, many of these factories are huge and have noisy environments, thus when an accident happens there have been times that immediate help cannot be given since no one knows the location or condition of the injured worker. One method is through the use of a wireless transceiver to notify the office. Thus, the proposed project will develop a portable remote emergency support system (PRESS) that is connected to a main office to provide warning and communication for individual workers in the work area. The portable device would also have a personalized intercom, so that staff can use this system to clearly communicate with the worker. In addition, another important issue of Gong'an is the delay in rescue, so a monitoring function such as fall detection and automated call for help is included. The device can report and ask for help at the first time when an accident occurs. Furthermore, this system can use a remote data access, to let staff have a grasp of information for specific machines even if they are not near it, hence fulfilling a holistic industry 4.0 information application. This system will integrate mobile wireless transmitters, smart phones, voice prompts, voice walkie-talkies, emergency help, and other functions to complete a work safety portable warning and emergency support system. The proposed system can provide a more convenient information dissemination system in a factory environment, and take into account the safety of the workers that consummates in a more secure and relaxed working environment.
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2,807
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Please write an abstract with title: A contract based system for large data visualization, and key words: Contracts, Data visualization, Pipelines, Rendering (computer graphics), Laboratories, Data analysis, Concurrent computing, Graphics, Hardware, Geometry. Abstract: VisIt is a richly featured visualization tool that is used to visualize some of the largest simulations ever run. The scale of these simulations requires that optimizations are incorporated into every operation VisIt performs. But the set of applicable optimizations that VisIt can perform is dependent on the types of operations being done. Complicating the issue, VisIt has a plugin capability that allows new, unforeseen components to be added, making it even harder to determine which optimizations can be applied. We introduce the concept of a contract to the standard data flow network design. This contract enables each component of the data flow network to modify the set of optimizations used. In addition, the contract allows for new components to be accommodated gracefully within VisIt's data flow network system.
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2,808
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Please write an abstract with title: New similariton solutions of the generalised linear Schrodinger equation, and key words: Schrodinger equation, Chirp, Pulse shaping methods, Pulse compression methods, Nonlinear equations, Dispersion, Pulse modulation, Optimized production technology, Shape, Frequency. Abstract: Solutions to the linear Schrodinger equation which describe the self similar propagation of chirped pulses applying in both the normal and the anomalous dispersion regimes are presented. These theoretical results have been confirmed by numerical simulations.
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2,809
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on Influencing Factors of Cross Border E-Commerce Supply Chain Resilience Based on Integrated Fuzzy DEMATEL-ISM, and key words: Supply chains, Resilience, Systematics, Collaboration, Tools, Time factors. Abstract: Supply chain resilience is the key for cross-border e-commerce enterprises to continuously obtain competitive advantages. This paper studies the influencing factors of cross-border e-commerce supply chain resilience (CBSCR), so as to further enhance the competitiveness of global supply chain and ensure the safe operation of cross-border e-commerce supply chain. Based on the ternary theory of supply chain resilience, this paper firstly constructs the CBSCR influencing factor system, and then analyzes the comprehensive influence degree, causal relationship and logical hierarchy among the influencing factors by using the fuzzy DEMATEL-ISM method. The results show that: recovery speed of supply chain disruption, response time of supply chain disruption, coordination ability among cross border e-commerce partners, experience sharing among cross-border e-commerce partners, joint planning among cross-border e-commerce partners, establish a good enterprise reputation for fairness, risk management team among partners, and develop a collaborative culture among partners are the key influencing factors of CBSCR. On this basis, it is proposed that the adaptability of supply chain is a top priority, which can be started from strengthening risk management culture, cooperation among partners and construction of supply chain agility.
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2,810
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Please write an abstract with title: Improving SAR and Optical Image Fusion for Lulc Classification with Domain Knowledge, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Training data, Geoscience and remote sensing, Optical imaging, Noise measurement, Reliability. Abstract: Fusing SAR and multi-spectral images to generate a precise land cover map in a weakly supervised setting is a challenging yet essential problem. The inaccurate, noisy, and inexact ground truth labels pose difficulty training any machine learning models. In this paper, we make a fundamental and pivotal contribution towards improving the ground truth label quality using domain knowledge. We present a simple yet effective mechanism to refine the low-resolution noisy ground truth labels. The proposed approach is trained and tested on a publicly available DFC2020 dataset. Through experiments, we show the effectiveness of our method by training a deep learning model on the refined labels that outperform even the models trained with clean ground truth.
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2,811
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Please write an abstract with title: Ultra-Narrow Linewidth Chip-Scale Heterogeneously Integrated Silicon/III-V Tunable Laser Pumped Si/Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> SBS Laser, and key words: Laser excitation, Pump lasers, Laser noise, Measurement by laser beam, Fiber lasers, Scattering, Photonics. Abstract: We demonstrate a chip-scale ultra-narrow-linewidth stimulated Brillouin scattering laser pumped by a narrow-linewidth, tunable silicon/III-V laser. Reduction of ~600> in fundamental linewidth (1.1kHz to 1.8Hz) and ~9× in integral linewidth (110kHz to 12kHz) is achieved.
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2,812
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Please write an abstract with title: Affine invariant retrieval of shapes based on hand-drawn sketches, and key words: Shape, Image segmentation, Data mining, Image retrieval, Computer science, Application software, Internet, Cascading style sheets, Delay, Clocks. Abstract: Presents a compact and efficient shape signature that can be applied to shape retrieval from hand-drawn sketches. The two proposed invariant features that constitute our affine invariant signature are: (a) angle between spoke vectors, and (b) cumulated normalized area between consecutive spoke vectors. The signature can be computed efficiently from an input shape and supports fast similarity matching. The approach has also been extended for partial shape retrieval through a partial shape decomposition procedure.
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2,813
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Please write an abstract with title: Symbolic Hyperdimensional Vectors with Sparse Graph Convolutional Neural Networks, and key words: Training, Network topology, Benchmark testing, Graph neural networks, Topology, Convolutional neural networks, Standards. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a novel way of representing graphs for processing in Graph Neural Networks. We reduce the dimensionality of the input data by using Random Indexing, a Vector Symbolic Architectural framework; we implement a new trainable neural layer, also inspired by Vector Symbolic Architectures; we leverage the sparseness of the incoming data in a Sparse Neural Network framework. Our experiments on a number of publicly available datasets and standard benchmarks demonstrate that we can reduce the number of parameters by up to two orders of magnitude. We show how this parsimonious approach not only delivers competitive results but even improves performance for node classification and link prediction. We find that this holds in particular for cases where the graph lacks node features.
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2,814
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Please write an abstract with title: Design of WDM-Based Optical Networks-on-Chip Router for Low Insertion Loss And Crosstalk, and key words: Integrated optics, Optical losses, Optical interconnections, Optical switches, Crosstalk, Insertion loss, Optical fiber networks. Abstract: The optical network-on-chip (ONoC) has the advantages of high bandwidth, low latency and high performance, so it has gradually become a research hotspot of on-chip communication systems. The in-depth research on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology has further improved the bandwidth of on-chip communication. What follows is the influence of the crosstalk noise which is inevitable because of the structure and material of the optical device itself. Crosstalk noise has become an important factor restricting the on-chip technology of the optical interconnect. A five-port WDM-based optical router named Nerx with high optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) is proposed in this paper for reducing the insertion loss and crosstalk noise. Nerx uses fewer optical switch elements and guarantees the connectivity between any two ports. Compared with Crux and Crossbar optical routers, experiments show that Nerx can achieve 20 optical channels and has a 5.6 dB improvement in average OSNR.
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2,815
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Please write an abstract with title: Efficient analog circuit modeling by Boolean logic operations, and key words: Analog circuits, Boolean functions, Logic circuits, Circuit synthesis, Data structures, Algorithm design and analysis, Polynomials, Circuit simulation, Performance gain, Circuit stability. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a novel symbolic analysis method for analog behavioral modeling by Boolean logic operations and graph representation. The exact symbolic analysis problem is formulated as a logic circuit synthesis problem where we build a logic circuit, which detects whether or not a given symbolic term is a valid product term from a determinant. The logic circuit is represented by binary decision diagrams (BDDs), which can be trivially transformed into zero-suppressed binary decision diagrams (ZBDDs). ZBDDs are essentially determinant decision diagrams (DDDs) representation of a determinant. The significance of the new method is that all product terms can be constructed implicitly and simultaneously, in contrast to all previous symbolic analysis methods where symbolic terms are generated explicitly and sequentially by Laplace expansion or topological methods. We further apply the logic synthesis idea to generating symbolic coefficients of s-expanded polynomials and present a method to compute coefficients individually and selectively. Our new approach demonstrates an inherent relationship between circuit simulation and logic synthesis for the first time. Experimental results show the speedup of our new method over the existing flat method and its greater capacity over both existing flat and hierarchical symbolic analyzers.
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2,816
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Please write an abstract with title: A Transistor Oscillator Frequency Stability Study, and key words: Oscillators, Circuit stability, Frequency estimation, Temperature, Frequency measurement, Equivalent circuits, Cutoff frequency, Capacitance, RLC circuits, Linearity. Abstract: The problem of oscillator frequency instability arising from environmentally induced changes in the active element is treated with respect to a particular transistor oscillator. Variations in frequency are related to those changes in collector capacitance and cutoff frequency which are due to temperature and supply voltage variations. Measurements show that the analysis is a useful basis for the estimation of frequency stability, and indicate correct identification of the major sources of instability. Consideration of the nonlinear aspects of operation is used to simplify the analysis and design of the oscillator. A useful order of frequency stability can be realized with the oscillator.
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2,817
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Please write an abstract with title: Novel Non-Isolated DC-DC Converters with High Voltage Gain and Soft-Switching, and key words: High Step-up converter, Voltage multiplier cell, Soft-switching, Auxiliary cells, Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS). Abstract: This paper proposes a new high step-up DC-DC converters (HSCs) for renewable energy conversion systems. This work primarily focuses on investigating novel topologies of HGCs with different voltage multiplier cells (VMCs) and active clamp cells. These converters have significant merits such as reduced voltage and current stresses in the switching devices and improves overall efficiency at higher output power levels. Secondly, zero voltage switching (ZVS)/zero current switching (ZCS) is obtained with the help of auxiliary cells. Soft-switching high step-up converters (S-HSCs) can reduce turn-on/turn-off switching losses, thus improving overall effectiveness of the converter. In this paper, four topologies are proposed, major benefit being reduced component count as compared with the existing versions. The operating principles and simulation analysis of the proposed topologies are presented and the simulation evaluations are performed on the 15V/300V/500W converter systems.
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2,818
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Please write an abstract with title: STATCOM model in EMTP RV using hysteresis current controlled voltage source converter (VSC), and key words: Automatic voltage control, EMTP, Hysteresis, Voltage control, Converters, Power conversion, Pulse width modulation, Transmission lines, STATCOM, Space vector pulse width modulation. Abstract: In this paper, a static compensator (STATCOM) model in EMTP RV of a voltage source converter (VSC) is presented. The STATCOM is connected to the end of a transmission line. The DC/AC conversion is obtained by using pulse width modulation (PWM) based on a current hysteresis controller. By regulating the reference current, an adjustable current can be injected into the transmission line. The synchronous rotating reference frame is used for model construction and a phase-lock loop (PLL) is used for controller synchronization. Different small-signal disturbances are introduced to validate the model.
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2,819
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Please write an abstract with title: Pseudo-Square Tomosynthesis Trajectory for Interventional Lung Procedures, and key words: Image quality, Geometry, Correlation coefficient, Image resolution, Computed tomography, Computational modeling, Lung. Abstract: Digital tomosynthesis (DTS) is a 3-D imaging technique with limited depth resolution and can be used to guide a catheter during interventional lung procedures. DTS uses projection data acquired over a limited angular range to create tomographic slices with high in-plane resolution. This limited angular acquisition results in out-of-plane artifacts in the reconstructed volume. This work focused on improving the image quality of the tomosynthesis volume for lung imaging by selecting an acquisition trajectory that increases depth resolution, provides a 2-D blur response, and simplifies analytical reconstruction. We proposed a new pseudo-square acquisition geometry for DTS and performed the quantitative and qualitative comparison with arc (pseudo-linear) and circle acquisition geometries. We reconstructed DTS volumes for various angular ranges and numbers of projections for arc, circle, and pseudo-square trajectories using filtered back-projection and compared them with reference computed tomography (CT) scan using Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC). Based on simulations, we showed that pseudo-square acquisition resulted in better image quality than inbounded arc and inbounded circle geometries. It provided on average 5.5% and 26% higher PCC with reference CT than circle and arc DTS, respectively.
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2,820
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Please write an abstract with title: Multiprocessor scheduling and rescheduling with use of cellular automata and artificial immune system support, and key words: Processor scheduling, Artificial immune systems, Scheduling algorithm, Genetic algorithms, Distributed computing, Cost function, Concurrent computing, Multiprocessing systems, Amplitude shift keying, Simulated annealing. Abstract: The paper presents cellular automata (CA)-based multiprocessor scheduling system, in which an extraction of knowledge about scheduling process occurs and this knowledge is used while solving new instances of the scheduling problem. There are three modes of the scheduler: learning, normal operating, and reusing. In the learning mode, a genetic algorithm is used to discover CA rules suitable for solving instances of a scheduling problem. In the normal operating mode, discovered rules are able to find automatically, without a calculation of a cost function, an optimal or suboptimal solution of the scheduling problem for any initial allocation of program tasks in a multiprocessor system. In the third mode, previously discovered rules are reused with support of an artificial immune system (AIS) to solve new instances of the problem. We present a number of experimental results showing the performance of the CA-based scheduler.
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2,821
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Please write an abstract with title: TCP Congestion Control Performance on a Highway in a Live LTE Network, and key words: Road transportation, Vehicular and wireless technologies, Packet loss, Throughput, Delays, Long Term Evolution, Wireless fidelity. Abstract: This paper investigates the behavior of several popular congestion control algorithms in LTE networks. Since TCP does not differentiate between different types of connections, the same loss-based congestion control algorithms are usually used with Ethernet, WiFi, and LTE. However, because packet losses are often concealed in LTE networks, the performance of such algorithms can be very poor, especially in mobile scenarios typical for LTE. We use measurements to analyze the behavior of these algorithms in a static case as well as a mobile scenario where the user equipment moves away from the eNodeB on a highway. In our measurements, we found that loss-based algorithms like Reno and CUBIC had trouble adjusting to quick changes of capacity due to their unawareness of packet losses, which also led to high delays. The combined delay- and loss-based approach of Compound TCP also performed poorly, as only the loss-based component was active most of the time. BBR (Bottleneck bandwidth and round-trip propagation time), a congestion control algorithm that adjusts its window based on changes in round-trip-times, was able to react to a changing capacity very quickly and therefore did not lead to additional delays like the other algorithms analyzed in this work.
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2,822
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Please write an abstract with title: Obtaining the magnetic characteristics of an 8/6 switched reluctance machine: from FEM analysis to the experimental tests, and key words: Magnetic switching, Reluctance machines, Magnetic analysis, Testing, Magnetic flux, Computational geometry, Finite element methods, Solid modeling, Couplings, Torque. Abstract: This paper describes the procedure for modeling an 8/6 switched reluctance machine (SRM) step-by-step. First, the geometry and mechanical parameters of the machine are established, when a finite-element modeling (FEM) approach is initially developed to obtain the flux linkage/current/rotor position relationship so that the proper and mutual inductances and also its torque and field distribution characteristics can then be computed. Afterward, a series of experimental tests are performed to obtain the magnetic characteristics of the machine, comparing, correcting, and discussing the results with those of FEM analysis.
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2,823
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Please write an abstract with title: Equivalent Inertia Evaluation of Wind Farm Based on Stabilization Diagram, and key words: swing equation, equivalent inertia, stabilization diagram, wind farm. Abstract: Aiming at the characteristics of the large-scale power electronic equipment access in modern power system, the inertia is continuously reduced. Based on the stability graph theory, the inertia evaluation method for power electronic system is proposed and designed. The method derives the relationship between inertia and active power from the second-order rocking equation model of the power system. Then, based on the output equivalence principle, the equivalent model of the new energy generation system is established by the synchronous machine rocking model. Further, the combination is stable. The graph method identifies the equivalent inertia of the wind farm and the fan based on the active power of the grid connection point. The simulation and measured tests show that the inertia estimated by this method can effectively adapt to the evaluation of the equivalent inertia of the wind farm, thus significantly improving the level of inertia assessment of the power system.
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2,824
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Please write an abstract with title: A method for generating images of abnormal combustion state in MSWI process based on DCGAN, and key words: Waste management, Image quality, Waste materials, Image synthesis, Incineration, Machine vision, Generative adversarial networks. Abstract: This article is to provide qualified images of abnormal combustion state for the research of machine vision in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) process. Owing to the scarcity of the images of abnormal combustion state and the high cost of labeling, it is difficult to obtain sufficient images of abnormal combustion state. Aim at the problem, this paper proposes a method for generating images of abnormal combustion state based on a deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCGAN). First, the real image data of abnormal combustion state is preprocessed. Second, the abnormal combustion state image generation generates false combustion images. Third, the real images and the generated images are fed into the discrimination network. The loss values are used to train the discrimination and generation. Finally, whether to update the parameters of the generation and discrimination network is determined by the error and epoch. The qualified generated abnormal combustion state images are obtained after the epoch setting met. The evaluation result of the generated image quality based on the Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) shows that DCGAN can realize the generation of abnormal combustion state images.
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2,825
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Please write an abstract with title: Number theoretic transform based on ternary arithmetic and its application to cyclic convolution, and key words: Arithmetic, Convolution, Hardware, Roundoff errors, Digital filters, Councils. Abstract: A number theoretic transform (NTT) is proposed, which can efficiently be computed by using ternary modular arithmetic. The new NTT relaxes the restriction imposed on the convolution length and, as in other efficient NTT's, its computation can be performed by means of data shifts and additions. A hardware implementation of the cyclic convolution using the proposed NTT is then described.
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2,826
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Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Model of a Piezoelectric Walking Drive, and key words: Legged locomotion, Actuators, Friction, Piezoelectric transducers, Mathematical models, Topology, Servomotors. Abstract: In the field of nano positioning, the inverse piezo-electric effect and its technical application in servo systems, like controlled actuators and drives, is a widely used and well established technology. For the purpose of control design, dynamic models are essential. This paper deals with the modelling of a certain piezoelectric walking drive. The model includes the linear constitutive equations of the piezoelectric energy conversion, as well as the nonlinear ferroelectric hysteresis behavior. The topology of the presented model is modular: Individual piezo elements are integrated into the respective legs of the actuator, which in combination with the electrical amplifier, the runner and the housing represent the overall drive. In Addition a Lund-Grenoble friction model is implemented to describe the mechanical contact between the legs and the runner unit. Finally, a global optimization is carried out, based on measurement data from a real drive, to identify the still unknown parameters.
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2,827
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Please write an abstract with title: Sleep Apnea Identification Through Vertical Respiratory Movement Using Region of Interest and Recurrent Neural Networks, and key words: Seminars, Recurrent neural networks, Tracking, Logic gates, Sleep apnea, Monitoring. Abstract: Sleep Apnea is a sleep state of a person who has breathing problems where the patient often stops breathing during sleep. Sleep Apnea can be identified using Polysomnography. Nevertheless, the equipment that touches the patient produces so more difficulty sleeping. Monitoring Sleep Apnea through respiratory movement video is beneficial even though video processing during sleeping will take the problem in memory. It involves all frames and the relation between frames. The central is vertical respiration movement, so processing uses Region of Interest (ROI) to focus on that area. Segmentation of the head and chest area focuses on the vertical respiratory movement in each video frame on the Sleep Apnea monitor. This paper proposed a method of identifying Sleep Apnea using ROI and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). The experiment comparing chest area processing alone was more accurate than head and chest area using the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) architecture, 94.44%. The head area gave an accuracy of 83.33%. Both areas made it better using the LSTM architecture with an accuracy of 73.10% than the GRU with an accuracy of 68.10%, considering the LSTM processes mixed data. GRU provided better accuracy when used for a single region.
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2,828
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Please write an abstract with title: The excitation and detection of Lamb waves with planar coil electromagnetic acoustic transducers, and key words: Acoustic signal detection, Coils, Electromagnetic scattering, Acoustic transducers, Electromagnetic waveguides, Predictive models, Acoustic waveguides, Planar waveguides, Surface acoustic waves, Voltage. Abstract: Planar coil electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) are investigated for the excitation and detection of Lamb waves in nonferromagnetic metallic waveguides. Such EMATs are attractive for certain applications due to their omni-directional sensitivity to wave modes with predominantly in-plane surface displacement, such as the S/sub o/ Lamb wave mode. A model is developed that enables the modal content of the radiated Lamb wave field from a transmitting EMAT to be calculated, and the output voltage from a receiving EMAT to be predicted when a Lamb wave mode is incident on it. The predictions from this model are compared with experimental data obtained from 12 different EMATs tested on a 5-mm thick aluminum plate, and good agreement is obtained. The model then is used to analyze the different effects that contribute to the overall Lamb wave modal sensitivity of an EMAT. The relationship between coil geometry and wavelength is examined.
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2,829
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Please write an abstract with title: High-density electron gas induced by atomic ordering in undoped Ga/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P/GaAs heterostructure, and key words: Gallium arsenide, Magnetic anisotropy, Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, Magnetic field measurement, Atomic measurements, Magnetic properties, Epitaxial growth, Time of arrival estimation, Electron emission, Anisotropic magnetoresistance. Abstract: We investigated two-dimensional properties of electrons accumulated at a long-range ordered Ga/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P/GaAs heterointerface by magneto-photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The disordered Ga/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P/GaAs sample shows a typical GaAs-PL spectrum for the bulk GaAs grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy. On the other hand, the GaAs-PL spectrum for the ordered sample with order parameter /spl eta/ of 0.30 shows transitions related to a quantized electron state in a triangular potential buried at the heterointerface and emission of the Fermi-edge singularity. The observed PL spectrum for the ordered sample demonstrates that a two-dimensional electron gas is induced at the Ga/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P/GaAs heterointerface. In magneto-PL measurements, anisotropy of the reduced mass between parallel and perpendicular to the heterointerface was confirmed. Furthermore, the clear optical Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation was found in PL transition energy under the perpendicular magnetic field. The sheet-carrier density of 2DEG is deduced from the period of the observed Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation to be /spl sim/1.20/spl times/10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2/.
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2,830
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Please write an abstract with title: Formation of Individual Educational Trajectories in Preparing IT specialists, and key words: Training, Information security, Market research, Trajectory, Intelligent agents, Engineering education, Information technology. Abstract: The goal setting of the digital economy is presented. The demand for the formation of individual educational trajectories in the training of IT specialists is justified. The importance of integrated formalization systems in the formation of competencies of the digital economy is shown. The reasons for the importance of ensuring information security are described. The features of using intelligent agent technologies to ensure information security are considered. Current trends in the development of research on agent technologies in the field of information security are described. The characteristic methods of formalization integration are revealed by the example of analysis of the influence of agents on the quality of functioning of complex information protection systems. The mathematical apparatus of formalization integration is defined.
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2,831
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Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent Method of Non-Invasive Detection and Grading of Hypertension Using Fingertip Photoplethysmography, and key words: Hypertension, Support vector machines, Machine learning algorithms, Hospitals, Neural networks, Sensitivity and specificity, Photoplethysmography. Abstract: With the gradual increase in hypertension and the trend toward younger age in China in recent years, the existing detection methods for hypertension have a low detection rate, which can no longer meet the needs of more and more complex hypertension detection, so detection methods for hypertension needs to be supplemented. We proposed an innovative method for detecting and grading hypertension, directly obtain the details and high-dimensional features of the hypertensive patients' PPG signals through machine learning algorithms. The features of these PPG signals can reflect the damage of hypertension to the arteries. We detected and graded hypertension by the degree of arterial damage, used the fingertips PPG signals of 219 patients from Guilin People's Hospital, the selected patients have been diagnosed into three categories: normal blood pressure, prehypertension, and hypertension. By comparing the grading accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of different models, it is shown that under the same data set and experimental platform, the model based on 14-layer deep convolutional neural network and support vector machine (Gaussian kernel, γ=0.5, C=20) is superior to other algorithms, and the accuracy of the recognition of hypertension respectively reached 92.44% and 96.92%. We provided a innovative method for grading and non-invasive detecting of hypertension.
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2,832
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Please write an abstract with title: Model and analysis of three-phase PDM converter with high-frequency link, and key words: Pulse modulation, Power supplies, Noise reduction, Circuit noise, Pulsed power supplies, Pulse width modulation converters, Voltage, Harmonic analysis, Analytical models, Circuit simulation. Abstract: The weight and volume of power supply devices can be further reduced, and noise can be decreased by using a three-phase converter in combination with a high-frequency AC link. A new control method of pulse density modulation (PDM) is used in the converters. The operation principle of the circuit is explained in detail. The expressions of the phase voltage and current and harmonics analysis are described separately. The simulation results prove the analysis to be true.
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2,833
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Please write an abstract with title: Addressing Students’ Creativity in Algorithm Design, and key words: Atmospheric measurements, Heuristic algorithms, Conferences, Particle measurements, Engineering education, Creativity, Optimization. Abstract: The algorithms course demands high rigor to computing students. Designing an algorithm requires high level of abstraction, and analyzing the algorithm also requires a mathematical apparatus. However, algorithmics is a topic which also is frequently associated to creativity. We conducted an exploratory study of students’ creativity by examining their designs of algorithms for a given problem. In particular, we analyzed their contributions in an assignment, where they were asked to design heuristic algorithms for an optimization problem. Students’ contributed algorithms were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods, and the resulting categories were used to compute three components of creativity (namely fluency, flexibility and originality) as well as global creativity. About half the students hardly were creative, but about one tenth of students exhibited notable creativity.
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2,834
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Please write an abstract with title: A geometric inference framework based on physical blocks for ordered grasping robots in clutter, and key words: Service robots, Semantics, Grasping, Real-time systems, Reliability, Clutter, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: Extracting reasonable spatial relationships in a cluttered scene is essential for the orderly grasping of home service robots. Because the robot does not consider the up-down spatial relationship of the object, it will damage other objects [1]. Therefore, we propose a geometric inference framework for robot grasping, which combines semantic segmentation and physical relationship inference. We deliberately created six complex support scenarios, which consist of various everyday household items. Experimental data shows that the new inference framework can more accurately determine the up-down spatial relationship and the sequence so that the robot can reliably grasp the target of interest in the cluttered scene in real-time [2].
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2,835
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Please write an abstract with title: Structural Reconstruction of Signed Social Networks, and key words: Numerical models, Social networking (online), Mathematical models, Analytical models, Predictive models, Context modeling, Data models. Abstract: Modeling real-world signed networks is a challenging task due to the highly dynamic microlevel growth processes involved in it. The network reconstruction is a problem in which we define a model that not only captures the patterns followed by different structural and spectral properties of real-world networks but also minimizes numerical error. In this article, we define a simple yet an effective network generation mechanism that can learn model parameters efficiently and produces simulated networks having structural properties close to a given input real-world signed social network. In the proposed model, corresponding to each node, a characteristic function is defined that controls its dynamics and its link formation process. A family of exponential functions is suited well to include aging and local growth, including triangle formation of different types of balanced and unbalanced triangles, and produce a wide range of degree distributions. In the proposed model, two layers are modeled independently, and further superimposition of layers is applied to get the final simulated signed network. Apart from that, the experimental results manifest that our proposed model, signed network structural reconstruction model (SNSRM), is able to replicate the characteristic properties of the various real-world signed networks more closely compared to the state-of-the-art models.
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2,836
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Please write an abstract with title: High-sensitivity AlGaN/GaN magnetoresistive sensor device by profiling the AlGaN layer, and key words: Integrated circuits, Sensitivity, Magnetic field measurement, Magnetoresistive devices, HEMTs, Wide band gap semiconductors, Magnetoresistance. Abstract: By profiling the AlGaN layer, the sensitivity of the AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility magnetoresistive sensor device can be much enhanced. The previous work on fin-shaped magnetoresistive devices had demonstrated the effect on transitioning the AlGaN profile. In this study, the design is based on a staircase-shaped profile for the sensor, which leads to a unique 2DEG distribution in the transition region. Such a design yields a more stable and higher sensitivity in the measurement of magnetic field in micro-Tesla level.
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2,837
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Please write an abstract with title: A data mining based algorithm for traffic network flow forecasting, and key words: Data mining, Telecommunication traffic, Communication system traffic control, Intelligent transportation systems, Operating systems, Control systems, Technology management, Real time systems, Humans, Vehicles. Abstract: Recent development in ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) methods and technologies has moved traffic operating systems from passive to proactive control and management, where real-time and accurate traffic flow information is critical to actual implementation. So far many algorithms have been proposed for traffic network flow forecasting, but problems in accuracy and timeliness still remain to be the major obstacle for their successful applications. For example, presumed human travel habit and vehicle turning probabilities at intersections have greatly limited the use of dynamic assignment algorithm. In order to improve the forecasting and real-time responsiveness, a new algorithm based on data mining which can do association rules mining and association analysis is proposed here for predicting traffic network flow. Simulation results using Corsim 5.0 have demonstrated effectiveness of the new algorithm in both accuracy and timeliness.
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2,838
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Please write an abstract with title: MPP Estimation of PV Systems keeping Power Reserves under Fast Irradiance Changes, and key words: Temperature sensors, Sensor systems, Real-time systems, Sensors, Mathematical model, Voltage control, Transient analysis. Abstract: Maintaining power reserves in a photovoltaic (PV) system, i.e. operating at a curtailed power level, is a promising method towards grid support functions without energy storage. A major challenge in this approach is to monitor the maximum power (i.e. the available headroom) as it changes over time with the irradiance and temperature. This paper presents a new method to estimate the maximum power point (MPP) power and voltage in real-time, designed for very fast irradiance changes. While keeping reserves, the single-diode PV model equations are applied to voltage and current samples to estimate the conditions and maximum power, rather than using potential erroneous irradiance and temperature sensors. This is the first model-based method to guarantee estimation robustness regardless of the irradiance transient. Furthermore, the operating point perturbation is infrequent and limited, resulting in near-perfect MPPT efficiency at zero reserve levels. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated via simulations in MATLAB/Simulink on a 10 kW PV system assuming noisy measurements.
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2,839
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Please write an abstract with title: Policy-based dynamic provision of IP services in a secure VPN coalition scenario, and key words: Virtual private networks, Resource management, Telecommunication traffic, Intelligent networks, Communication equipment, Network servers, Public key cryptography, Domain Name System, Communication system security, Information security. Abstract: This article describes a recent R&D result in supporting secure and dynamic coalition internetworking scenarios, where a number of military and civil subnetworks are combined using IPsec in a higher-level IP secure military network. It is part of the work undertaken in the VPN workshop initiative, where a set of national defense and research organizations are meeting together to align their vision and requirements on what an IPv4 or IPv6 secure and dynamic IPsec-based virtual private network should be, and how to deploy it in an international multidomain scenario.
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2,840
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on Torque Distribution of Electric Four-wheel Drive Based on Optimal Energy Consumption, and key words: Energy consumption, Torque, Biological system modeling, Wheels, Prototypes, Drives, Power system stability. Abstract: With a dual-motor electric four-wheel drive SUV as a prototype, the torque distribution coefficients of the front and rear motors with optimal energy-consumption in the drive mode were analyzed and calculated. Through simulation and comparison of torque distribution under optimal energy consumption and at fixed proportion, energy consumption of the pure rear wheel drive at low speed and that under reasonable torque distribution at high speed was reduced by 10%, 3% and 5% compared with that under torque distribution at fixed proportion in NEDC, WLTC and CATC, thus providing data references for optimizing the economic performance of the vehicle.
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2,841
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Please write an abstract with title: Low-threshold low-power CMOS/SOS for high-frequency counter applications, and key words: Counting circuits, Semiconductor films, Frequency, CMOS technology, Integrated circuit technology, Fabrication, MOS devices, Silicon, Integrated circuit yield, Leakage current. Abstract: A deep-depletion-process technology is described for the fabrication of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor integrated circuits on thin silicon films on sapphire. The process yields transistors which contain p/SUP +/-doped polysilicon self-aligned gates on a single n-silicon epi layer. Threshold dependence on carrier concentration and film thickness is analysed as well as device leakage currents. It is shown that n- and p-channel transistors can be fabricated with thresholds below +0.5 V and -0.5 V, respectively. The technology is applied to a 22-stage counter suitable for watch-circuit applications, and the average current as a function of applied voltage and operating frequency is analysed. Data are presented showing the performance of the counter when driven with a pulse generator and also with a crystal oscillator. It is seen that the circuit will operate at frequencies above 4 MHz with 1.4 V applied to the circuit and draw a total average current of less than 10 /spl mu/A.
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2,842
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Please write an abstract with title: Multiple-valued source-coupled logic VLSI based on adaptive threshold control and its applications, and key words: Logic, Very large scale integration, Programmable control, Adaptive control, Threshold voltage, Voltage control, CMOS technology, Application specific integrated circuits, High speed integrated circuits, Signal generators. Abstract: A new multiple-valued current-mode (MVCM) integrated circuit, based on adaptive threshold voltage control (ATVC) is proposed for high-speed VLSI applications, while maintaining low power. Adaptive threshold voltages, which are changed in the opposite direction to an input signal, are generated so that the voltage difference between an input voltage and a threshold voltage is always larger than that of a fixed threshold voltage control (FTVC). Moreover shifting of an input to a lower voltage results in better performance. As a typical application of a high-performance arithmetic circuit, a radix-2 signed-digit full adder (SDFA) is designed in a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. Simulation results show that the speed of the SDFA, based on the proposed ATVC, is almost 1.7 times faster than that of conventional FTVC under normalized power consumption.
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2,843
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Please write an abstract with title: Poly-agent approach to education, and its innovative nature, and key words: Context modeling, Cultural differences, Humans, Education, Technological innovation, Informatics, Libraries, Information technology, Educational technology, Genetics. Abstract: This article offers analysis of poly-agent approach to education in context of methods of experience, understanding, as well as symbolic and expressionist methodologies. The focus of this paper is to emphasize the role of faith and beliefs in the process of mind forming of subjects in educational space, obtaining and consolidation of knowledge.
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2,844
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Please write an abstract with title: Real-time low level feature extraction for on-board robot vision systems, and key words: Real time systems, Feature extraction, Robot vision systems, Embedded computing, Computer architecture, Computer vision, Physics computing, Robot sensing systems, Hardware, Data mining. Abstract: Robot vision systems notoriously require large computing capabilities, rarely available on physical devices. Robots have limited embedded hardware, and almost all sensory computation is delegated to remote machines. Emerging gigascale integration technologies offer the opportunity to explore alternative computing architectures that can deliver a significant boost to on-board computing when implemented in embedded, reconfigurable devices. This paper explores the mapping of low level feature extraction on one such architecture, the Georgia Tech SIMD Pixel Processor (SIMPil). The Fast Boundary Web Extraction (fBWE) algorithm is adapted and mapped on SIMPil as a fixed-point, data parallel implementation. Application components and their mapping details are provided in this contribution along with a detailed analysis of their performance.
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2,845
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Please write an abstract with title: A 12 GHz heterodyne receiver for digital video broadcasting via satellite applications in silicon bipolar technology, and key words: Digital video broadcasting, Satellite broadcasting, Silicon, Voltage-controlled oscillators, Integrated circuit synthesis, Synthesizers, Gain, Noise figure, Phase noise, Voltage. Abstract: A single-chip 12 GHz silicon bipolar receiver for digital video broadcasting via satellite (DVB-S) applications is presented. The IC consists of a down-converter block and a PLL-based LO synthesizer. The receiver is based on a heterodyne architecture. For 12 GHz input signal it shows a con version gain of 38 dB, a single sideband noise figure of 7 dB and an output 1 dB compression point of +5 dBm. The VCO phase noise is -95 dBc/Hz at a 100 kHz offset from a 10.6 GHz carrier. The VCO tuning range is 2.2 GHz, extending from 8.6 GHz to 10.8 GHz. The current consumption of the integrated receiver is 160 mA with a 3.3 V voltage supply. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of a low-cost silicon bipolar technologies for a Ku-band DVB-S heterodyne receiver.
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2,846
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Please write an abstract with title: A Voltage-tracking scheme for Quantum-Metrology-Triangle Experiments, and key words: Voltage measurement, Current measurement, Frequency measurement, Electrical resistance measurement, Standards, Feedback circuits, Delays. Abstract: To suitably perform quantum-metrology-triangle (QMT) measurements, it is required to conduct precise measurement of the difference between two voltage values-one generated from a Josephson voltage standard device, and the other derived from voltage drop in a quantum Hall resistance array device with a current applied using a single-electron pump device. During the measurement of this difference voltage, gain errors in digital voltmeters could be a source of uncertainty. Thus, in this study, we propose a method to reduce the effect of the gain errors in the digital voltmeters by minimizing the magnitude of difference voltage with real-time voltage tracking and feedback for the microwave frequency applied to the Josephson voltage standard device in the QMT measurement circuit.
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2,847
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Please write an abstract with title: Energy consumption management under quality-of-service constraints in the context of small cell networks, and key words: 6G mobile communication, Energy consumption, Spectral efficiency, 5G mobile communication, Image processing, Power amplifiers, Quality of service. Abstract: In this paper, we propose an analytical solution for the joint optimization of spectral efficiency and energy consumption of future deployed cellular networks based on small cell base stations (BSs). We derive an optimization problem that consists in minimizing the energy consumption under the constraint of meeting the throughput and spectral efficiency challenges of 5G - and upcoming 6G - networks. The relaxed problem is convex and therefore there is an optimal solution that can be found numerically and/or derived analytically. Comparative studies show a perfect accuracy of the analytical approach compared to the numerical solution. Particular attention is thus paid to the evaluation of the impact of the system parameters on the optimal metrics of energy consumption and spectral efficiency.
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2,848
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Please write an abstract with title: Implementing Symmetrical Structure in MOV-RCD Snubber-Based DC Solid-State Circuit Breakers, and key words: Snubbers, Heating systems, Voltage, MOSFET, Fault currents, Clamps, Cooling. Abstract: This article deals with metal-oxide varistor (MOV) and resistor–capacitor–diode (RCD) snubber-based solid-state circuit breakers (SSCBs). There are two main contributions. First, a design methodology of MOV-RCD snubber parameters is proposed by considering thermal dissipation and snubber charging time for the first time. The thermal profile of the main conduction switches determines nominal current under passive cooling. Based on the nominal current, the fault current magnitude is derived, and a design method of key parameters of an MOV-RCD snubber is proposed. Four snubbers are designed with different fault currents and dc voltages. Second, symmetrical layouts with distributed parallel cells are proposed for high current capability, which enables scalability. Q3D simulations facilitate the evenly distributed stray inductances among paralleled branches. Both low- and medium-voltage SSCBs are implemented, ranging from 500 V/300 A to 2 kV/1 kA. The power density achieves 37.8 kW/L at 500 V/1 kA. Experiments demonstrate that the reverse voltage reaches 4.88 kV with an ultrafast interruption speed of 24 μs for 2 kV/1.144 kA fault current including the MOV conduction time interval.
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2,849
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Please write an abstract with title: Design of Photoelectric Signal Parameter Test System for Liquid Crystal Filters, and key words: Optical filters, Meters, Integrated optics, Welding, Optical variables measurement, Real-time systems, Optical signal processing. Abstract: The system studied in this study is specifically used for the measurement of the optical transmittance of liquid crystal filters. In practical applications, liquid crystal filters are mainly used in the production of welding masks. Therefore, the optical transmittance of the liquid crystal filter is an important parameter of the entire liquid crystal material, which is of great significance to the performance of the welding mask products. This study is aimed at the optical transmittance measurement system with white light as the light source. The system include s a light source, an integrating sphere, and a luxmeter. The core point of this system is that the photodetector detects the electrical signal at the opening on the side of the integrating sphere and compares it with the standard illuminance meter. The light intensity measured at the front opening is subjected to a fitting calibration, so that the detected optical signal measured at the opening on the side of the integrating sphere represents the light intensity at the front opening of the integrating sphere. The equipment needs to be measured in a dark room. The test results prove that the low collimation of the light source has a certain impact on the experimental results. The test results show that after debugging, the light signal detected at the opening on the side of the integrating sphere can accurately represent the light intensity measured by the standard illuminance meter at the front opening.
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2,850
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Please write an abstract with title: Reconstruction of band-limited signals from local averages, and key words: Signal reconstruction, Signal sampling, Error analysis. Abstract: The sampling theorem says that every band-limited signal is uniquely determined by its sampled values provided the sampling points satisfy certain conditions. However, sampled values obtained in practice may not be the exact values of a signal at sampling points, but only averages of the signal near these points. Grochenig (1992) proved that band-limited signals can be reconstructed exactly from local averages if the sampling density is large enough. We study the reconstruction of band-limited signals from local averages with symmetric averaging functions. We study the aliasing error arising when a non-band-limited signal is reconstructed from local averages and give explicit error bounds. Since the classical "point sampling" can be viewed as a limiting case of average sampling, we indeed give new aliasing error bounds for both regular and irregular sampling.
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2,851
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Please write an abstract with title: Performance of a differential modulation scheme with wireless relays in Rayleigh fading channels, and key words: Relays, Fading, Bit error rate, Binary phase shift keying, Channel state information, Cooperative systems, Closed-form solution, Probability density function, Signal to noise ratio, Numerical simulation. Abstract: We develop a new differential amplify-and-forward (DAF) scheme for cooperative wireless relay when the channel state information (CSI) is unknown to any node in the system. For a cooperative system with one source, one relay and one destination node, we derive closed-form expressions of the probability density function (PDF) of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the average bit error rate (BER) for the proposed DAF scheme. Numerical simulations validate our analytical results. The proposed DAF scheme offers cooperative diversity gain and outperforms the conventional noncooperative differential binary phase shift keying (BPSK) in Rayleigh fading channels.
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2,852
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Please write an abstract with title: Knowledge discovery in support of early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, and key words: Liver, Machine learning algorithms, Pathology, Hospitals, Lesions, Performance evaluation, Information retrieval, Tumors, Spatial databases, Neoplasms. Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the commonest fatal tumors, and it is usually diagnosed at a late stage, when effective treatment is very difficult. Unfortunately early diagnosis of HCC is almost mandatory in terms of patient survival, but is represents a very difficult task. Detailed histological characteristics of small HCC and precursor lesions in histological diagnosis are needed to refine the contribution of histopathology to the management of patients with HCC. In this context a possible approach regards the implementation of knowledge extraction process based on a labeled data set of cases. Our data set is made of 212 cases, including early malignant nodules, benign ones, and some uncertain cases. A set of 11 histopathological and morphological features described each case. We applied statistical and machine learning algorithms both for feature selection and classification of nodules. In particular, we implemented an ensemble of classifiers in a straightforward way. Moreover, this ensemble provides physicians with a rough level of confidence of the proposed diagnoses, taking into account the importance of the interpretability of automated output. Feature selection approach was validated; actually a subset of four histological features performed at least as the whole set of features in the classification of the malignant and benign nodules. Ensemble of learning machines can be a tool to extract new knowledge from a set of data and improve comprehensibility of computerized output.
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2,853
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Please write an abstract with title: Using Machine Learning Techniques to Detect Cyberattacks in Smart Homes: A Survey, and key words: Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Cybersecurity, Cyberattack, Anomaly Detection, Smart Homes. Abstract: Smart Home solutions and the usage of IoT (Internet of Things) in home automation has an increased popularity recently, and these solutions become more and more complicated and the connected devices is no longer limited to some entertainment tools that improve human life, but rather now it includes some sensitive medical tools that contribute in preserving and saving people’s lives, especially with regard to patients, the elderly and children which leads automatically to the rise in the number and types of connected smart devices and therefore it leads to an increase in the amount of transmitted data over the network, this issue raises the importance of the cybersecurity concept in smart homes and then increased the researchers’ interest in the work to detect any anomaly traffic among smart homes networks. At the same time the smart home solutions developed and become more critical the attacks scenarios and their complexity increased too, the point that imposes on researches to use different techniques in intrusion detection (ID) and attacks classifications and the Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms have shown promising results in this task. This paper discusses a variety of machine learning algorithms, datasets, data collection methodologies and features selection methods that have been used to secure smart home network solutions against zero-day attacks.
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2,854
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Please write an abstract with title: Unsupervised Change Detection of Multispectral Remote Sensing Images Based on Deep Difference Feature Variance Maximization, and key words: Feature extraction, Convergence, Data models, Task analysis, Reactive power, Remote sensing, Interference. Abstract: Remote sensing (RS) image change detection (CD) is a basic application in the military and people’s livelihood. The imaging results of multitemporal and multispectral RS images have interference effects such as spectral information difference, imaging light difference, sensor noise, so the accuracy and robustness of traditional CD algorithms are restricted. In this study, we propose an unsupervised fully connected multivariate alteration detection (UFMAD) algorithm. First, UFMAD is used to extract the deep difference feature of normalized multitemporal RS images. The weighted map was obtained by using the chi-square distance of the deep difference feature and weighted with the input data. Then, the UFMAD is iteratively optimized under the three proposed constraints of variance maximization, similarity maximization, and uncorrelation of deep features. Finally, the deep feature was clustered to get the change results. By analyzing the experimental results of six advanced CD algorithms on three sets of data, the highest relative detection accuracy of UFMAD has increased by 7.0%. It is verified that the algorithm proposed in this thesis has obvious performance advantages.
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2,855
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Please write an abstract with title: A community based approach for spam filtering, and key words: Unsolicited electronic mail, Postal services, Databases, Filtering, Filters, Joining processes, Testing. Abstract: This paper describes an approach towards spam filtering that seeks to exploit the nature of spam messages that allow them to be classified into different communities. The new approach does not base itself on any prejudices about spam and can be used to block nonspam nuisance mails also. The approach inherently is user-centric, flexible and user-friendly.
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2,856
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Please write an abstract with title: Algorithm For Early Threat Detection By Suspicious Behavior Representation, and key words: Tin, IEEE transactions, Silicon compounds, Gold, Detection algorithms, Time factors, Indexes. Abstract: The proposed early detection algorithm is justified because the probability of success to control a criminal activity increases when the response time for generating a warning alarm is reduced. In this paper, a video-based representation model to describe suspicious behavior from elementary actions is proposed. Such behaviors allow detecting potential threats before suspects achieve physical contact with their potential victims. In the algorithm, a novel method to adjust the balance between the anticipation level to threats and the generation of false alerts is introduced. The experimental results obtained from two validation datasets, with attacks to pedestrians and threats against a parked truck, demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach for early threat detection, with performance measures above 90%.
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2,857
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Please write an abstract with title: Guest Editorial: Special Issue on Optical Interconnects, and key words: Special issues and sections, Optical interconnections, Data centers, Integrated circuit interconnections, Photons, Bandwidth. Abstract: The articles in this special section focus on optical interconnects. These papers present the most recent developments in this field with extensiveness and depth, while ensuring the inclusion of the highest quality work. Large-scale data centers and high-performance computers (HPC) are becoming increasingly limited by the capacity of interconnects due to the rapidly increasing power consumption and bandwidth demands. As a result of the continuing bandwidth scaling, optical interconnects (OI) have been implemented at ever decreasing communication distances to replace electrical interconnects. Over the past decade, core switches and routers in data centers and HPC systems have adopted fiber optics to deliver the I/O performance between racks in multi-chassis configurations. Meanwhile, the further penetration of OI into shorter distances, such as the board and chip levels, poses new challenges on photonic integrated circuits (PICs) for continued performance and cost scaling and further requires innovations in integration and packaging.
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2,858
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Please write an abstract with title: Analytical Method for Assessing the Resistance of an Electric Arc, and key words: Relay protection, distance protection, polygonal characteristic, electric arc, arc resistance. Abstract: This article seeks a universal method for calculating arc resistance, which would allow one to analytically estimate the arc resistance at a certain point in time.The development and occurrence of a short circuit through an arc is a random, unpredictable value. Traditional methods for calculating arc resistance use values of dead short circuit currents, which leads to a distortion of the result downward. Consequently, when setting resistance elements using such data, there is a risk of not working in the event of a short circuit through an arc.The paper discusses an analytical method for finding the arc resistance, where the calculated value of the current through the arc is found from the system of time-depending equations and compiled on the basis of network parameters depending on the short circuit point. This eliminates the use of dead short circuit currents.The results of the work performed can be used as a theoretical and research basis for improving of the methods for selecting settings for polygonal resistance characteristics of distance protection.
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2,859
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Please write an abstract with title: Camera Relocalization by Exploiting Multi-View Constraints for Scene Coordinates Regression, and key words: Cameras, Three-dimensional displays, Solid modeling, Training, Pose estimation, Image reconstruction, Geometry. Abstract: We propose a method for learning a scene coordinate regression model to perform accurate camera relocalization in a known environment from a single RGB image. Our method incorporates self-supervision for scene coordinates via multi-view geometric constraints to improve training. More specifically, we use an image-based warp error between different views of a scene point to improve the ability of the network to regress to the correct absolute scene coordinates of the point. For the warp error we explore both RGB values, and deep learned features, as the basis for the error. We provide a thorough analysis of the effect of each component in our framework and evaluate our method on both indoor and outdoor datasets. We show that compared to the coordinate regression model trained with single-view information, this multi-view constraint benefits the learning process and the final performance. It not only helps the networks converge faster compared to the model trained with single-view reprojection loss, but also improves the accuracy of the absolute pose estimation using a single RGB image compared to the prior art.
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2,860
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Please write an abstract with title: Statistical Analysis of Clustering Performances of NMF, Spectral Clustering, and K-means: With Gene Selection, and key words: Clustering algorithms, Feature extraction, Laplace equations, Benchmark testing, Statistical analysis, Standards, Gene expression. Abstract: The using of statistical test to determine significances of performance differences between clustering algorithms is not yet common even until recently. This is an important task because the test can determine whether one algorithm is statistically better than the other one. Moreover, using statistical test to determine significances of performance gains/losses after applying some processing steps to datasets such as feature selection is even much less common. The first task has been addressed in our other work [1], and the second task is the topic of this paper. In this study, nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), spectral clustering, and k-means are utilized as clustering methods; LS (Laplacian Score), SPEC (SPECtral), and SPFS (Similarity Preserving Feature Selection) are utilized as feature selection mechanisms; and eleven microarray gene expression datasets are used to evaluate performances of the clustering methods. The experimental results show that in average only LS can significantly improve performances of the clustering methods statistically, SPEC seems to offer no advantage, and SPFS instead lowers clustering performances. As it is expensive to apply selection mechanisms, these results raise a question whether it is worth to utilize them for selecting genes in microarray datasets.
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2,861
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Please write an abstract with title: A unified description of surface waves and guided waves with relative amplitude dispersion maps, and key words: Guided waves, Surface waves and free oscillations, Theoretical seismology, Wave propagation. Abstract: Compared with surface waves, guided waves are rarely applied in near-surface investigation. The main reason may lie in the complexity of their dispersion curves. Besides, the study and understanding of guided wave dispersion characteristics are now also inadequate and not deep enough. In this paper, we derived the complete theoretical dispersion curves of P–SV-wave and pure P-wave systems in layered media based on the transmission matrix method and obtained the relative displacement amplitude coefficients at the free surface as a function of frequency and phase velocity for both surface and guided waves. By assigning the value of relative displacement amplitude coefficient to the corresponding point (f,v) on dispersion curve, we got a multi-information diagram called relative amplitude dispersion map (RADM). As a unified description of surface and guided waves, RADM not only shows the velocity–frequency relationship but also represents the polarized energy ratio at the free surface by display colours. The accuracy of RADM was proved by synthetic seismic records, in which RADMs fit well with the corresponding dispersion energy of surface and guided waves. In addition, we designed six models with different Poisson's ratio (PR) and different layer numbers for comparison. It shows that the dispersive vertical-to-horizontal amplitude ratio of guided waves is complex and discontinuous in RADM, which brings great difficulty for mode identification and even affects the subsequent inversion. Tests also show that for high PR layers, the trends of guided P–SV-wave dispersion curves are basically consistent with those of pure P wave. With the decrease of PR, dispersion curves of guided P–SV wave gradually deviate from those of pure P wave. However, RADMs can be greatly consistent with the dispersion energy in either case. This is of great significance for the inversion of near-surface P and S velocities by using dispersion relationships of multimode surface and guided waves.
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2,862
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Please write an abstract with title: Infinite-layer copper-oxide laser-ablated thin films: substrate, buffer-layer, and processing effects, and key words: Transistors, Buffer layers, Substrates, Strontium, Atomic force microscopy, Lattices, X-ray lasers, Optical materials, X-ray diffraction, Atomic beams. Abstract: Laser-ablation studies of highly-oriented thin films of the electon-doped infinite-layer copper-oxide compounds Sr/sub 1-x/La/sub x/CuO/sub 2/ are reported. We observe significant variations in film properties with substrate or buffer layer material. X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Rutherford back-scattering (RBS), and electrical resistivity were used to characterize the films. Films were deposited on strontium titanate [001] or on buffer layers of T'-phase copper oxides (Ln/sub 2/CuO/sub 4/ with Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm), Sr/sub 3/FeNb/sub 2/O/sub 9/, and La/sub 1.8/Y/sub 0.2/CuO/sub 4/ on SrTiO/sub 3/ [001]. The in-plane lattice constants of such buffer layers (a = 0.390 - 0.400 nm) should provide the bond tension required for electron doping. Extremely flat, epitaxial buffer layers with X-ray rocking curves as narrow as 0.08/spl deg/ were obtained from stoichiometric targets of Ln/sub 2/CuO/sub 4/; the other buffer layers yielded poor epitaxy. A linear dependence of infinite-layer c-axis plane spacing on substrate or buffer-layer in-plane a-axis lattice constant is observed.
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2,863
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Please write an abstract with title: Serial acquisition performance of single-carrier and multicarrier DS-CDMA over Nakagami-m fading channels, and key words: Multiaccess communication, Fading, Diversity reception, Frequency, Performance analysis, Uncertainty, Context, Correlators, Performance gain, Robustness. Abstract: We investigate the issue of pseudo noise (PN) code acquisition in single-carrier and multicarrier (MC) direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems, when the channel is modeled by frequency-selective Nakagami-m (1960) fading. The PN code acquisition performance of single-carrier and MC DS-CDMA systems is analyzed and compared when communicating over Nakagami-m fading channels under the hypothesis of multiple synchronous states (H/sub 1/ cells) in the uncertainty region of the PN code. In the context of MC DS-CDMA, the code acquisition performance is evaluated, when the correlator outputs of the subcarriers associated with the same phase of the local PN code replica are noncoherently combined by using equal gain combining (EGC) or selection combining (SC) schemes. The performance comparison of the above mentioned schemes shows that the code acquisition performance of the MC DS-CDMA scheme, especially when using the EGC scheme, is more robust, than that of single-carrier DS-CDMA schemes communicating over the multipath Nakagami-m fading channels encountered. However, our code acquisition performance comparison also shows that if the detection threshold was set inappropriately, the performance might be degraded, even if the channel fading becomes less severe.
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2,864
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Please write an abstract with title: LoRa Signal Monitoring System of Multi-Node Software Define Radio, and key words: Wireless communication, Parameter estimation, Conferences, Neural networks, Data integration, Internet of Things, Task analysis. Abstract: LoRa is a widely deployed LPWAN technology and is considered by a large number of industries as a base for their IoT applications. However, if the IoT growth forecasts are confirmed, the collisions between packets will multiply and thus degrade the system spectral and transer efficiencies. Detecting abnormal behavior in wireless spectrum is a arduous task because of the complexity of the use of the electromagnetic spectrum. The LoRa signal of internet of things needs to be blindly detected and parameter estimation. A multi-node LoRa signal detection system based on software radio is proposed. The system includes multiple nodes, data fusion center, and user application. The LoRa modulation method is identified by the neural network, and combined with the traditional energy detection method to complete the LoRa signal detection and parameter estimation. The data fusion center process the data of multi-node make use of the improvement of k-means clustering. The experimental results show that the system improving the probability of LoRa signal detection and reducing the error of parameters estimation.
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2,865
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Please write an abstract with title: Characteristics of Electron Beam Produced by Magnetron Diode with a Secondary-Emission Cathode, and key words: Electron beams, Diodes, Cathodes, Structural beams, Anodes, Magnetic fields, Voltage, Magnetic materials, Solenoids, Pulse modulation. Abstract: Investigations were made of the azimythal homogeneity, parameters of an electron beam and its sizes in a magnetron gun with a cold metallic secondary-emission cathode depending on the value and distribution of magnetic field. It is shown that such a source generates an electron beam with an azimuthal homogeneity ± 4%.
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2,866
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Please write an abstract with title: Integrating uncertain preferences into status quo analysis: an environmental conflict case study, and key words: Computer aided software engineering, Uncertainty, Algorithm design and analysis, Stability analysis, System analysis and design, Design engineering, Systems engineering and theory, Mathematics, Delta modulation. Abstract: An algorithm is proposed to conduct status quo analysis when preference uncertainty exists for one or more decision makers (DMs) in a strategic conflict. This research aims at integrating two expansions of the graph model for conflict resolution, preference uncertainty and status quo analysis, into a unified framework. Preference uncertainty and status quo analysis were recently developed to enhance the applicability of the graph model by accommodating uncertainty in DMs' preferences and addressing the dynamics of conflict. This paper combines preference uncertainty and status quo analysis together to further improve and strengthen the flexibility of the graph model in modelling and analysis. An environmental conflict is analyzed using this algorithm to demonstrate how the new development can be applied
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2,867
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Please write an abstract with title: Modeling & Simulation of Photovoltaic System Connected to Grid using Matlab, and key words: photovoltaic cell, MPPT, inverter, grid-connected photovoltaic system. Abstract: This paper represents PV model which is connected to the grid having maximum power point tracking (MPPT) by the use of MATLAB/Simulink software. It also gives the information about the behaviours of the photovoltaic (PV) model and its characteristics. The PV system connected to Grid comprises a photovoltaic array with MPPT, a distribution network, a control system and a load. The control system part of PV system connected to Grid consists of two operative controls. One of them is the current control which regulates the current at the PCC (point of common coupling). So, it achieves power factor control as well as regulates dc link voltage. The other one is the voltage control which is employed to achieve the PV output voltage, so that maximum power point can be tracked smoothly and quickly of PV array. MPPT improves the efficiency of the solar energy of PV panel effectively. P&O (Perturb and observe) technique is used in this paper to attain the obtained results. The proposed simulation model and obtained results shall provide the depth understanding of grid connected photovoltaic system.
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2,868
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Please write an abstract with title: AI-Based Scheduling for Adaptive Time-Triggered Networks, and key words: Schedules, Runtime, Processor scheduling, Scheduling algorithms, Fault tolerant systems, Switches, Artificial neural networks. Abstract: Time-triggered systems are ideal for safety-critical systems due to the inherent determinism and better fault tolerance. However, the current trend of adaptation in time-triggered systems is typically limited to switching between a small number of precomputed schedules. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have the potential to overcome this limitation. Adaptation in time-triggered systems requires switching to a new schedule, which satisfies correctness constraints and meets the timing requirements. Computing such a schedule is time consuming, thus in general, not feasible at runtime. ANNs provide the opportunity for learning schedules and thus inferring new schedules at runtime with short delays. However, ANNs have not been sufficiently exploited for optimising time-triggered scheduling. In this paper, an ANN is implemented to learn schedules to provide adaptation for time-triggered systems while ensuring that collision and precedence constraints are met. In our evaluation, the AI-based scheduler is compared with conventional scheduling algorithms such as list scheduling and genetic algorithm in terms of makespan and computation time. The results show the AI-based scheduler's potential when increasing the scheduling problem's complexity.
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2,869
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Please write an abstract with title: Survey on the Use of Machine Learning for Quality of Transmission Estimation in Optical Transport Networks, and key words: Analytical models, Mathematical models, Optical noise, Optical fiber networks, Optical amplifiers, Signal to noise ratio, Computational modeling. Abstract: Estimating the Quality of Transmission (QoT) of the optical signal from source to destination nodes is the cornerstone of design engineering and service provisioning in optical transport networks. Recent studies have turned to Machine Learning (ML) techniques to improve the accuracy of QoT estimation. In this paper, we survey the literature on this topic and classify the studies into categories based on their scope. Accordingly, we distinguish four categories of ML-based solutions: i) check lightpath feasibility, ii) estimate a lightpath's QoT, iii) enhance existing analytical models and iv) improve model generalization. We describe the proposed solutions in each category in terms of ML algorithms, inputs/outputs of the models, source of data and performance evaluation. Deploying a ML-based solution in the real field is not straightforward and presents several challenges. Therefore, we also discuss from an operator's perspective the potential of these solutions for real-field deployment.
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2,870
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Please write an abstract with title: Automatic threshold determination of centroid-linkage region growing by MPEG-7 dominant color descriptors, and key words: MPEG 7 Standard, Image segmentation, Image color analysis, Histograms, Clustering algorithms, Robustness, Video sequences, Navigation, Speech, Multimedia databases. Abstract: The emerging MPEG-7 standard embodies a visual descriptor that is associated with the dominant colors of an image. A threshold adaptation method for region based image and video segmentation that takes advantage of the MPEG-7 dominant color descriptor is presented. This method enables assignment of region growing parameters without any low-level processing. In the standard, it is proposed that the dominant colors be extracted by clustering of color histograms. This property is used to determine color homogeneity that is formulated into the Lorentzian-based color distance norm and corresponding thresholds. The proposed algorithm is compared with other region growing algorithms, and results show that the threshold adaptation performs faster and more robustly.
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2,871
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Please write an abstract with title: A Gaussian Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Phase Unwrapping Algorithm, and key words: Classification algorithms, Information filters, Filtering algorithms, State estimation, Signal to noise ratio, Phase noise, Particle swarm optimization. Abstract: A Gaussian particle swarm optimization-based phase unwrapping (PU) technique is presented to recover unwrapped phases reflecting the deformation or height of the observed objects from measured interferograms composed of wrapped phases. First, the Gaussian particle swarm optimization strategy is exploited into PU for measured interferograms, and a robust PU program based on the Gaussian particle filter is constructed by combining a robust phase slope estimation technique demonstrated well previously. Second, an efficient path-following approach is exploited to route the paths of PU to improve the accuracy and efficiency in PU for interferograms. Finally, the performances of the proposed method are fully demonstrated with the experiments of PU for the simulated and measured interferograms, and the advantages of this method in the accuracy of PU for interferograms are also shown, with respect to some other traditional methods and representative methods.
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2,872
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Please write an abstract with title: Design and Application of Typical Schemes for Cooperative Feeder Self-Healing Control in Distribution Network, and key words: Automation, Supply and demand, Power supplies, Power cables, Process control, Collaboration, Distribution networks. Abstract: The realization of distribution automation is the demand of power system development, and feeder self-healing technology is the core of distribution automation. For the typical feeder self-healing control schemes of centralized and local distribution in master station, the processing logic flow is introduced respectively, and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized. In view of the local feeder self-healing can not judge the supply and demand of the downstream of the fault area, considering the load capacity and load margin of the tie line, a collaborative feeder self-healing control scheme for distribution network is proposed. According to the collaborative mode of local fault isolation, restoration of upstream power supply in the fault area and restoration of downstream power supply in the master station, the optimal restoration of power supply in the downstream of the fault area is realized. Theoretical analysis and engineering application show that the proposed cooperative self-healing control scheme has strong engineering practicability
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2,873
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Please write an abstract with title: Asymmetric half-plane planar least-squares inverses, and key words: Filters, Autocorrelation, Least squares approximation, Stability, Mean square error methods. Abstract: In this paper we present a procedure to obtain two-dimensional (2-D) Planar Least-Squares Inverses (PLSIs) in the general form of asymmetric half-plane (AHP) filters, and which are bounded input output (BIBO) stable in most cases. These PLSIs are obtained by transforming the problem into a one-dimensional PLSI problem using the slice projection theorem, solving it by means of the Levinson's algorithm and transforming the solution back into an AHP filter. The procedure guarantees a good matching of the autocorrelation data and the BIBO stability of the filter in most cases. We discuss the application of this procedure to the stabilization of 2-D recursive filters and provide examples illustrating this application.
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2,874
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Please write an abstract with title: Phase-compensated ultra-bright source of entangled photons, and key words: Apertures, Photonic crystals, Quantum entanglement, Quantum computing, Iris, Optical pumping, Optical saturation, Quantum mechanics, Optical polarization, Cryptographic protocols. Abstract: By compensating for a phase-based decoherence effect, we produce the brightest high quality source of polarization entangled photons to date: 2.01*10/sup 6/ measured pairs per second.
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2,875
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Please write an abstract with title: Monolithically Integrated 8 × 8 Transmitter-Router Based on Tunable V-Cavity Laser Array and Cyclic Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router, and key words: Arrayed waveguide gratings, Optical waveguides, Optical transmitters, Optical device fabrication, Waveguide lasers, Integrated optics, Optical fiber networks. Abstract: A monolithic 8 × 8 transmitter-router chip fabricated on InGaAlAs-InP multi-quantum well wafer for distributed wavelength routing network in the O-band with a channel spacing of 400 GHz is experimentally demonstrated. A tunable V-cavity laser (VCL) array, a cyclic-arrayed waveguide grating router (AWGR) and a semiconductor amplifier (SOA) array are integrated using the quantum-well intermixing (QWI) technique for its fabrication simplicity and cost effectiveness. A 200 GHz-spaced compact-size VCL is demonstrated with a 27 nm tuning range and a side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) around 40 dB using a single-electrode controlled tuning. The chip output power is 24.6 mW. Measurement results of the transmitter-router chip show that all 64 input-output combinations have cyclic response spectra. After passing through the SOA with 80 mA bias current, an output power of about 9.6 mW and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) up to 39 dB have been measured. The demonstrated transmitter-router chip is fabricated on the same quantum well structure without requiring multiple epitaxial growth and complex grating fabrication. The characteristics of multi-wavelength and multi-port transmissions enable the distributed optical routing networks with flexible bandwidth allocation, which can find wide application in datacenters and high-performance computers.
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2,876
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Please write an abstract with title: Acoustic Telemetry in an Automated System for Long-Term Ocean Data in Real Time, and key words: Telemetry, Real time systems, Instruments, Ocean temperature, Sea surface, Sea measurements, Thermistors, Payloads, Laboratories, Relays. Abstract: An Acoustic Telemetry Data Link (ATDL) has successfully completed a 5-month at-sea evaluation as part of a fully automated system for acquiring and real-time reporting of data from seafloor or mid-water instrumentation. Inherent in real-time data is the up-to-date verification of system function and data quality throughout the deployment, as opposed to recorder systems for which verification is generally possible only after a successful recovery of the mooring. As compared to hardwired links, the ATDL system avoids long-term mortality at the buoy/sea interface as well as the inadvertent coupling of sea surface wave energy to the subsurface instrumentation. Hourly messages of 122 bytes were transmitted acoustically at 600 bits per second to a moored NOAA data buoy for radio relay to shore via the GOES system. Error-free messages were obtained in real-time response to 97.3 percent of interrogations by the automated buoy payload in seas up to 4 meters and winds up to 16 meters per second. Also demonstrated was the system's ability to acquire, store, and relay data missed in real time.
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2,877
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Please write an abstract with title: Vertically Stacked Printable Organic Photodetectors for High-Performance Color Sensing, and key words: Electrodes, Electric potential, Color, Organic semiconductors, Photodetectors, Sensors, Flexible electronics. Abstract: Wavelength-selective, vertically stacked photodetectors based on printable organic semiconductors have considerable potential for delivering easy-to-make, high-performance multicolor sensors. Herein, we present the strategies we have developed to realize this device architecture and analyze its upscaling potential.
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2,878
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Please write an abstract with title: Haptic Rendering of Compliant Motions using Contact Tracking in C-space, and key words: Haptic interfaces, Tracking, Assembly, Torque, Detection algorithms, Interference constraints, Industrial control, Control engineering, Servomechanisms, Probes. Abstract: This paper presents a new approach for the haptic rendering of compliant motions during the execution of virtual assembly tasks between simple polyhedral objects. The method, based on the task configuration space, analyzes the type of contacts that take place between objects, since this knowledge allows a better haptic rendering when face-face or edge-face contacts occur. Making use of spacial and temporal coherence, the paper presents an efficient procedure to keep track of the current contacts. This allows to comply to the hard temporal constraints of the haptic servo loop. The presented procedures are focused on the haptic rendering during the interaction between convex polyhedra.
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2,879
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Please write an abstract with title: Suppression of Gaussian Noise using Spatio-Spectral Total Variation Technique, and key words: Noise measurement, Gaussian noise, Signal to noise ratio, Noise reduction, Optimization, Market research, Information technology. Abstract: Gaussian noise is additive in nature. When it is introduced in image, it added to the original image and corrupts it, as a result noisy image is obtained. Introduction of noise leads to the loss of information which was possessed in original image. In this paper spatio-spectral total variation technique has been used to reduce the effect of Gaussian noise from two dimensional images. The experimental results shows the effectiveness of the aforementioned technique which suppresses the Gaussian noise effectively and provides good quality denoised image.
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2,880
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Please write an abstract with title: Typical Analysis of Different Natural Esters and their Performance: A Review, and key words: Viscosity, Vegetable oils, High-voltage techniques, Oil insulation, Insulators, Minerals, Power systems. Abstract: An electric power supply-demand is increasing in our day-to-day life, where power transformers are significant devices in the power system. Most industries prefer oil-filled transformers instead of dry-type transformers. Transformer oil (Mineral oil) is universally used insulating material in the high voltage power transformer. According to a British Research Council report, overexploitation of petroleum products, the mineral oil will run out in near future. Because of its non-biodegradable property it does not an eco-friendly product also it does not meet current environmental acts. To the concern of limitation of resources and ecological system, nowadays researchers focus on substitute for conventional mineral oil mainly. So the researchers analyze the practicability, feasibility, sustainability and performance of Natural esters (vegetable oils), specifically in high voltage power transformers. Because, Natural esters possess outstanding biodegrading property, non-poisonous ness, greater fire safety guarantees and dielectric strength compared to the conventional transformer oil or mineral oil. Investigation of this paper embraces the electrical, physical, chemical properties and their blend properties of natural esters.
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2,881
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Please write an abstract with title: Exploration and Application of Closed Loop Online Teaching Mode, and key words: Training, Employee welfare, Epidemics, Distance learning, C languages, Solids, Time measurement. Abstract: In order to ensure the suspension of classes and schools during the outbreak of the new epidemic, the online teaching mode was explored and studied. The paper puts forward the teaching objectives and teaching requirements of the closed loop online teaching mode, discusses the problems that need to be considered in the closed loop online teaching mode, and carefully designs the closed loop online teaching mode in view of these problems, explores and forms a relatively perfect closed loop online teaching mode. According to the course of C language programming, the specific implementation process of the closed loop online teaching mode is given. After a semester of exploration and implementation, it ensured that the online teaching not only could be carried out in an orderly manner, but also had been well received by students and the supervisions. It has been agreed that the teaching effect of this teaching mode is good, and it is worth promoting in the future.
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2,882
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Please write an abstract with title: Designing a high performance and low energy-consuming embedded system with considering code compressed environments, and key words: Embedded system, Energy consumption, Design engineering, Power engineering and energy, Computer science, Chaos, Engines, Frequency, System performance, Embedded computing. Abstract: In this paper, we present an embedded system design which is cost-efficient and which considers performance improvement and power consumption based on the frequency with which instructions are executed. We use the locality of running programs to optimize the use of memory space, system performance, and power consumption; that is, we compress infrequently executed codes to save the use of memory space but compress (encode) frequently executed codes to power consumption and maximize performance. To save the number of memory access times, the frequently executed instructions are encoded as shorter code words and then the continuous code words are packed into a pseudo instruction. Once the decompression engine fetches one pseudo instruction, it can extract multiple instructions to reduce the number of memory access times. In addition, we also propose a design with multiple look-ahead tables that solves the problem which arises due to the reduction in instructions from one-time memory access which occurs because the great amount of frequently executed instructions. From our simulation results, our method with one 256-instruction look-ahead table does not increase the compression ratio, and the ratio of the power consumption can be reduced by about 47.23% than compressing all instructions. With regard to multiple look-ahead table methods, when one 512-instruction look-ahead table is used, the ratio of the power consumption is reduced by 37.25% only, however, when two look-ahead tables that contain 256 instructions in each table are used, the power consumption can be improved by 49.36%. According to the simulation results, our proposed methods based on the frequencies of executed instructions result in low power consumption, performance improvement and reduced memory space.
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2,883
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Please write an abstract with title: A multilevel model for Web service composition, and key words: Web services, Vehicles, Petri nets, Standards development, Abstracts, Software standards, Standards publication, Fitting, Standardization, Automata. Abstract: Web services are rapidly becoming popular as a vehicle for the design, integration, composition, and deployment of distributed and heterogeneous software. However, while industry standards for the description, composition, and orchestration of Web services have been under discussion (and development) for quite some time already, their conceptual underpinnings are still in their infancy. Indeed, conceptual models/or service specification are rare so far, as are investigations based on them. This paper presents a multilevel service composition model that perceives service specification as going through several levels of abstraction, from transactional operations to the end user. Importantly, the model allows for specification of desirable composition properties at all levels. Different ways of achieving these properties as well as implications of the model are addressed.
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2,884
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Please write an abstract with title: Clutter-free Doppler detection of signed velocity based on Legendre series expansion, and key words: Filters, Polynomials, Doppler shift, Convolution, Laboratories, Scattering, Dynamic range, Analog-digital conversion, Frequency response, Cutoff frequency. Abstract: A clutter-free velocimetry based on Legendre polynomial series expansion, which can fully utilize the unique low-frequency cut-off characteristic of the polynomial regression filter, is conceived. A set of complex I/Q Doppler signals, with a packet size of N, is expanded into a series of Legendre polynomials, obtaining expansion coefficients, L(n), (n=0, ..., N-1). Complex Legendre coefficients, C(/spl plusmn/n), are then formed by linearly combining the Legendre coefficients as C(/spl plusmn/n)=L(n-1)/spl plusmn/jL(n) for an odd number of n and C(/spl plusmn/n)=L(n)/spl plusmn/jL(n-1) for an even number of n. The spectrum of the signed velocity can thereby be obtained from the absolute magnitudes of C(/spl plusmn/n). The cut-off characteristic of the polynomial regression filter can be obtained by excluding C(/spl plusmn/n) of small numbers of n.
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2,885
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Please write an abstract with title: Techniques and Tools for Encryption, IPSec and VPN, and key words: Encryption, Cryptography, Virtual private networks, Computer science, Computer hacking, Time measurement, Robustness. Abstract: Encryption is a very old technique used to ensure the confidentiality of information both locally and through a network. Its importance is measured by the time needed to crack the code. Cryptography has been used for centuries to send critical information between leaders and individuals, especially in circumstances of war. Encryption is a security mechanism of capital importance. Encryption consists of finding ways to obtain a cryptogram based on a text that is to be secured. Cryptoanalysis is a technique used by hackers to break encryption. It consists of analyzing an encrypted text with the purpose of obtaining the corresponding plain text. The evolution of computing and transmission techniques created a new challenge: confidentiality. Virtual Private Networks use the simple principle of the tunnel, which is a secure encapsulation by encryption.
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2,886
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Please write an abstract with title: Method of Reduction of the Equation of Mathematical Model of Regulatory Mechanisms of Cardiac Activity, and key words: Heart, Fluctuations, Statistical analysis, Computational modeling, Predictive models, Mathematical model, Testing. Abstract: In this article, a mathematical model has been developed in the form of a system of functional -differential equations with a delay argument for studying the regulatory mechanisms of cardiac activity. To simplify the qualitative and quantitative analysis, a reduction method was applied, as a result of which the system of functional differential equations was reduced to a simplified form as a single equation. The results of a qualitative analysis of the mathematical model are presented. On base of the results, the equilibrium points of the mathematical model are determined and the results of testing their stability are presented.
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2,887
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Please write an abstract with title: Full-Space and High-Scanning-Rate Leaky-Wave Antenna Based on Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons, and key words: High-scanning-rate, spoof surface plasmon polaritons, Leaky-wave antenna. Abstract: A full-space and high-scanning-rate leaky-wave antenna (LWA) based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) is proposed, which consists of the SSPPs design and rectangular periodic metal patches. Electromagnetic (EM) waves are transmitted along the SSPPs and coupled to the metal patches to generate the fast radiation waves, which can achieve back to front frequency beam scanning performance. Additionally, the radiation mechanisms of the design are explained by the dispersion relationship, space harmonics and electric field distributions. The proposed LWA radiates energy based on -1 order space harmonic, which can realize full space and high beam scanning rate performance by controlling the period of the patches. Simulation results show that the LWA realizes a full space beam scanning from -90° to 90° within the 12.9 to 16.5 GHz frequency band, while the antenna also maintains a high scan rate of 7.35°/%.
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2,888
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Please write an abstract with title: Broadband Characterization of Copper Roughness by Comparing Striplines Fabricated on VLP and RTF Copper, and key words: Correlation, Stripline, Predictive models, Scattering parameters, Broadband communication, Copper, Finishing. Abstract: This paper presents a method for broadband characterization of copper roughness factor on stripline interconnects. The characterization relies on S-parameter measurements of striplines fabricated with smooth (VLP) and rough (RTF) copper finishing on otherwise identical stack-ups. The VLP and RTF interconnects are each characterized from two-line measurements; then the R, L, G, C parameters for each are extracted under the same Tanδ condition, which yields the copper roughness factor for the RTF interconnects accurately characterized up to 40 GHz. The characterization allows a straightforward comparison against the predictions of standard copper roughness models such as Hammerstad, Huray, and Groiss. The experimental characterization shows excellent correlation to the Hammerstad model, and good correlation to the Huray and Groiss models for the studied interconnects.
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2,889
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Please write an abstract with title: Can TDDB continue to serve as reliability test method for advance gate dielectric?, and key words: Testing, Electric breakdown, Stress, Breakdown voltage, Conductivity, Low voltage, Probability, High K dielectric materials, Integrated circuit reliability, Dielectric breakdown. Abstract: Advanced gate dielectrics for MOSFET, be it ultra thin SiO/sub 2/ or high-k materials are destined for deep submicron technology that is moving increasingly toward 1 voltage or below operating voltage. In this paper, we show that the well-established method of reliability evaluation and lifetime projection for gate dielectric, namely time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB), will no long be a suitable method for reliability evaluation, for gate dielectrics in low voltage operation.
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2,890
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Please write an abstract with title: Test Design Methodology for Time-Domain Immunity Investigations Using Electric Near-Field Probes, and key words: Probes, Integrated circuit modeling, Adaptation models, Couplings, Radio frequency, Immunity testing, Scattering parameters. Abstract: This article investigates the possibility to develop time-domain immunity tests using electric near-field probes, for flexible customization of broadband input waveforms injected into specific pins of PCBs. For this purpose, a test design methodology is proposed, which is based on circuit modeling of the injection mechanism on the one hand, and on pulse design and equalization on the other hand. Two circuit models are developed. The former employs measurement/simulation data along with port-reduction techniques to model noise injection through near-field probes by means of internal induced sources. Conversely, the latter model only includes passive components and is derived starting from physical observation of the involved phenomena. Both models are compatible with circuit solvers and can be easily adapted for different traces under test. Since pulse-like noise is usually broadband, suitable stress waveforms are utilized to obtain different noise spectra. Also, in order to precisely control the shape of the waveform reaching the targeted pin, an equalization procedure is employed. These models and techniques can be easily applied to amplification systems originally designed for frequency-domain tests, thus providing a comprehensive solution for the design of broadband immunity tests in the time domain. The feasibility and accuracy of the proposed methodology are proved by full-wave simulations and measurements.
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2,891
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Please write an abstract with title: An Intelligent Framework for Malware Detection in Internet of Things (IoT) Ecosystem, and key words: Training, Ecosystems, Multilayer perceptrons, Feature extraction, Malware, Computer networks, Internet of Things. Abstract: The Heuristic-Based Analysis method, which is otherwise known as Behavioural-Based Analysis technique applied by several Anti-Virus and Anti-Malware vendors of computer network systems has not been sufficient. There are gaps in the field of research to develop a novel approach to solving the inherent and existential threats and attacks in the interconnected computer network systems, especially in the fast growing IoT Ecosystems that has now become ubiquitous to everyday life. We proposed and presented the experimental implementation of an intelligent framework, including the realization of the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) with multiple hidden layers by exploiting the capabilities of Hierarchical Extreme Learning Machine (H-ELM). This has the preeminent underexplored potentials for accelerated speed, rapid feature learning, training, improved classification performance, and accuracy of Detecting, Recognizing, and Predicting (DRP) anomalies in an Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. The experimental implementation demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed Intelligent DRP-Framework also known as the iDRP-Framework using the generalized MLP technique for demonstrating how a non-traditional malware detection mechanism can be applied to dynamically and intelligently Detect, Recognize, and Predict malwares in the generated big dataset of an IoT ecosystem through converted image file, such as the Log files, and Binary dataset to create machine learning model. The result indicates that the proposed iDRP-Framework delivered significant performance and accuracy in the detection of anomalies in an interconnected computer network system.
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2,892
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Please write an abstract with title: Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems With Different Fractional Order: An Experience-Based Fusion Controller, and key words: Frequency-domain analysis, Mathematical models, Calculus, Vehicle dynamics, Circuits and systems, Asymptotic stability, Topology. Abstract: Cooperation control of heterogeneous multi-agent systems (MASs) with different fractional order subject to intermittent sampled-data transmission is investigated in this brief. Existing works considering MASs with multiple fractional order mainly focus on continuous input with frequency domain analysis and their results are thus based on sophisticated characteristic equations. Instead, inspired by the memory retention property of Caputo fractional derivative, heterogeneous experience-based fusion controllers are devised to handle the hereditary effect based on time domain analysis. The devised fusion controllers are composed of intermittent sampled data, which not only incorporate current available samplings but also include earlier experience of agents. In addition, the fusion controllers can successfully transform MASs with different fractional order into general discrete-time plants at sampling instants, and at the same time, ensure the asymptotical stability of sampling errors as well as controllers besides those sampling instants. Thereby, the achievement of consensus only relates to the connectivity of communication graph. Effectiveness of theoretical results is substantiated finally by numerical examples.
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2,893
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Please write an abstract with title: A fast-time simulation study of shared aircraft intent information, and key words: Aircraft, Air traffic control, Aerospace control, Traffic control, Automatic control, Trajectory, Humans, Computational modeling, Aerospace industry, Project management. Abstract: The combination of flight management systems with data links could make aircraft intent information in the form of accurately predicted trajectories available to both ground-based air traffic control systems and other aircraft. The chief benefit to be expected from this capability is that it could make feasible the use of automated tools for detecting aircraft conflicts and for proposing resolution manoeuvres for such conflicts (automated CD&R tools). The INTENT Project, jointly funded by the European Commission and a Consortium of research organizations and industry, is studying the question of how the level of sharing of aircraft intent information might affect air traffic management (ATM) system design and traffic-handling capacity. The study reported here is the fast-time simulation component of the INTENT Project. This paper presents results on human workload for three different ATM operational concepts for use of intent-enabled automated CD&R tools in enroute airspace, and interprets these in terms of traffic handling capacity. The results indicate a potentially large capacity benefit for systems where aircrews supported by automated CD&R tools have the main responsibility for ensuring safe separation. The paper also presents some results on the effect of intent-based CD&R on flight efficiency.
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2,894
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Please write an abstract with title: Modelling TCP Reno with spurious timeouts in wireless mobile environments, and key words: Steady-state, Throughput, Sociotechnical systems, Analytical models, Communication system traffic control, Intelligent networks, Mobile computing, Computer science, Error analysis, Radio link. Abstract: TCP has been found to perform poorly in the presence of spurious timeouts (ST) caused by delay spikes which are especially more frequent in today's wireless mobile networks than in traditional wired network. Because STs are generally considered to represent a transient state in wired networks, previous research did not consider the effects of ST on the steady state performance of TCP. In this paper, we propose an analytical model for the sending rate and throughput of TCP Reno as a function of packet error rate and characteristics of spurious timeouts. The proposed model has been validated against simulation results and has been found to be more accurate than previous models in the presence of spurious timeouts.
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2,895
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Please write an abstract with title: A temporal approach for testing distributed systems, and key words: System testing, Timing, Controllability, Observability, Software testing, Constraint optimization, Fault detection, Software systems, Computer architecture, Error correction. Abstract: This paper deals with testing distributed software systems. In the past, two important problems have been determined for executing tests using a distributed test architecture: controllability and observability problems. A coordinated test method has subsequently been proposed to solve these two problems. In the present article: 1) we show that controllability and observability are indeed resolved if and only if the test system respects timing constraints, even when the system under test is non-real-time; 2) we determine these timing constraints; 3) we determine other timing constraints which optimize the duration of test execution; 4) we show that the communication medium used by the test system does not necessarily have to be FIFO; and 5) we show that the centralized test method can be considered just as a particular case of the proposed coordinated test method.
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2,896
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Please write an abstract with title: Perspective-2-Ellipsoid: Bridging the Gap Between Object Detections and 6-DoF Camera Pose, and key words: Cameras, Ellipsoids, Robot vision systems, Three-dimensional displays, Object detection, Pose estimation, Solid modeling. Abstract: Recent years have seen the emergence of very effective ConvNet-based object detectors that have reconfigured the computer vision landscape. As a consequence, new approaches that propose object-based reasoning to solve traditional problems, such as camera pose estimation, have appeared. In particular, these methods have shown that modelling 3D objects by ellipsoids and 2D detections by ellipses offers a convenient manner to link 2D and 3D data. Following that promising direction, we propose here a novel object-based pose estimation algorithm that does not require any sensor but a RGB camera. Our method operates from at least two object detections, and is based on a new paradigm that enables to decrease the Degrees of Freedom (DoF) of the pose estimation problem from six to three, while two simplifying yet realistic assumptions reduce the remaining DoF to only one. Exhaustive search is performed over the unique unknown parameter to recover the full camera pose. Robust algorithms designed to deal with any number of objects as well as a refinement step are introduced. Effectiveness of the method has been assessed on the challenging T-LESS and Freiburg datasets.
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2,897
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Please write an abstract with title: Modeling of rectangular camera with four sorces for microwave heating, and key words: Cameras, Electromagnetic heating, Electrodynamics, Performance analysis, Rectangular waveguides. Abstract: In this paper the electrodynamic model of installation for microwave heating has been considered. Using this model the analysis and optimization of the installation have been performed. The installation presents the rectangular camera excited by four rectangular waveguides (RWs). The. RWs may be connected to ani: facet or to different facets of rectangular parallelepiped. In the first case the nearest RWs are rotated on the 90 degrees each from another. The theoretical results are in good agreement with experiment.
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2,898
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Please write an abstract with title: An Integrated Method for STEM Education using MATLAB, and key words: Visualization, Computational modeling, Education, Software, Mathematical models, Numerical models, Task analysis. Abstract: This paper presents an integrated learning best practice for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) using applied and interactive learning methods. The work is based on using MATLAB software as a tool to teach students basic coding, mathematical concepts, design, and logic. This research paper focuses on teaching polar coordinates and Fibonacci numbers as essential concepts where the students can then build on their knowledge. Research in integrated STEM can support STEM educators to determine best practices. This work supports the need for further research and discussion on the knowledge, experiences, and teaching methods for STEM education. It also advocates for integrated STEM education as one of the ways that make learning more connected, engaging, and sustainable for students.
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2,899
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Please write an abstract with title: Ambulance Booking Application, and key words: Databases, Cellular phones, Medical services, Signal processing, Emergency services, Hardware, Mobile applications. Abstract: India is currently lagging behind other countries in terms of health care due to a shortage of fast health services. The primary explanation for this is a lack of technical implementation. To fix this question, we are implementing a mobile-based ambulance service. This mobile application would revolutionize the way people use emergency services and make them more effective and reliable to an extent. The request for an ambulance works with only one tap on the button, and it will transmit a notification/request for an ambulance via GPRS to local ambulance drivers, with the user's information and location registered in the database (admin system). Any mobile consumer can benefit from the use of the Internet of Things and smartphone technologies. The application uses the Google Map Application Programming Interface (API) to plot details of the ambulance on Google Maps on the Client's cell phone, based on position data obtained from GPS hardware. The same functionalities can be extended to other facilities, making it easier for the customer to locate an ambulance.
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