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Please write an abstract with title: Single Germanium MOSFET-Based Low Energy and Controllable Leaky Integrate-and-Fire Neuron for Spiking Neural Networks, and key words: Neurons, Germanium, Behavioral sciences, Logic gates, Integrated circuit modeling, Semiconductor process modeling, Mathematical models. Abstract: In this work, a single transistor based on germanium (Ge) is used to construct a leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron with significant improvement in energy efficiency, area efficiency, and reduction in cost. Using 2-D calibrated simulation, we validated that Ge-MOSFET LIF neuron is able to imitate the neuron behavior accurately. The Ge-MOSFET shows low breakdown voltage, high impact ionization coefficient, and sharp breakdown. All these factors are responsible for achieving low energy per spike and higher spiking current. The proposed Ge-MOSFET-based spiking LIF neuron needs only 8 pJ/spike of energy as compared to recently reported silicon-based silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFET, which needs 45 pJ/spike of energy. The use of gate voltage makes Ge-MOSFET LIF neuron firing controllable, which can improve the energy efficiency of the spiking neural network (SNN) by inducing sparse action.
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3,301
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Please write an abstract with title: Rapid large-scale oligonucleotide selection for microarrays, and key words: Large-scale systems, Sequences, Temperature, Fluorescence, Semiconductor device measurement, Probes, Bioinformatics, DNA, Gene expression, Biology computing. Abstract: We present the first algorithm that selects oligonucleotide probes (e.g. 25-mers) for microarray experiments on a large scale. For example, oligos for human genes can be found within 50 hours. This becomes possible by using the longest common substring as a specificity measure for candidate oligos. We present an algorithm based on a suffix array with additional information that is efficient both in terms of memory usage and running time to rank all candidate oligos according to their specificity. We also introduce the concept of master sequences to describe the sequences from which oligos are to be selected. Constraints such as oligo length, melting temperature, and self-complementarity are incorporated in the master sequence at a preprocessing stage and thus kept separate from the main selection problem. As a result, custom oligos can now be designed for any sequenced genome, just as the technology for on-site chip synthesis is becoming increasingly mature.
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3,302
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of the Possibility of Using Cellular Networks in Vehicular Networks and Remote-Control Channels of Drones in Terms of Delays, and key words: Cellular networks, 5G mobile communication, Packet loss, 3G mobile communication, Communication channels, Universal Serial Bus, Land vehicles. Abstract: Well-developed and widely-deployed modern cellular networks, such as 4G LTE, 5G, etc. gains the interest among scientists, as well as manufacturers of mobile drones and road automotive transport, in the use of mobile data transfer services for solving various problems related to the control and coordination of actions of flying Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), also called drones, as well as ground vehicles (cars). However, if the problem with vertical coverage for flying drones has been extensively studied and solutions have been proposed to solve the discovered problems (some of which becomes implemented in 5G networks), the issue of delays in cellular networks has been studied very superficially and are presented as statistics for some specific routes only. This article contains an analysis of small packet delays for all LTE cells within the cellular network of one of the Latvian cellular operators. Experimental data were obtained using USB LTE dongles for the case when data is exchanged between two mobile users. The experimental results are presented in the form of a model of the delays of individual cells, some of which were experimentally estimated, and the other part was predicted statistically. Delays within each cell are analyzed separately and the obtained results are compared with the delay requirements for UAV remote-control, as well as for the vehicular networking.
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3,303
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Please write an abstract with title: Analytical Modeling of RSMA-Enabled User-Centric RRH Clustering in C-RAN Over Generalized Fading Channels, and key words: Stochastic processes, Geometry, Signal to noise ratio, Wireless communication, Interference cancellation, Resource management, Rayleigh channels. Abstract: Network densification and coordinated multi-point (CoMP) have been shown to be promising and practical approaches to meet the dramatic increase in mobile traffic demand. Motivated by the ever-increasing popularity of rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) in wireless communications, this letter proposes an RSMA-enabled user-centric remote radio heads (RRH) clustering in cloud radio access networks (C-RAN) and then develops a statistical framework to evaluate the average sum-rate and the area spectral efficiency of this mechanism under generalized fading conditions by stochastic geometry. In addition to this framework, new insights into the tradeoff between the average sum-rate and area spectral efficiency in terms of RRH clustering radius are presented. Further, two widely utilized fading models, namely Rayleigh and Nakagami-m, are discussed to characterize the fading behavior in C-RAN. Finally, simulations are demonstrated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed analytical framework.
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3,304
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Please write an abstract with title: Blind channel estimation for dual-rate DS/CDMA, and key words: Blind equalizers, Multiaccess communication, Channel estimation, Multiuser detection, Signal processing, Costs, Computational complexity, Multimedia systems, Signal design, AWGN channels. Abstract: This paper proposes a subspace based blind adaptive channel estimation algorithm for dual-rate DS-CDMA systems, which can operate at the low-rate (LR) or high-rate (HR) mode. Simulation results show that the proposed blind adaptive algorithm at the LR mode has a better performance than that at the HR mode, with the cost of an increased computational complexity.
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3,305
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Please write an abstract with title: Person Re-Identification on a Mobile Robot Using a Depth Camera, and key words: Measurement, Industrial electronics, Service robots, Image processing, Robot vision systems, Artificial neural networks, Cameras. Abstract: In this paper, we designed and implemented a real-time person re-identification API on a mobile robot, for a closed-and open-world setting, using only the IR gray value image of a depth camera. Since common datasets are not usable we created our own dataset using the IR gray value images, the pose and image processing techniques. Then we trained the state-of-the-art neural network for person re-identification with common parameters and methods. For running it in real-time, we sped up the model as well as the application. It is possible to re-identify three persons at once, at around 10 FPS. Our model reaches as closed-world setting a rank-1-accuracy of 95.5 %. With an additional threshold, coming from rank-1-accuracy of closed-world setting, our real-time application reaches as open-world setting a f'l-score of 79.44 % and a recall of 68.44 %.
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3,306
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Please write an abstract with title: A Scheduling Method of Generalized Tasks for Multifunctional Radar Network, and key words: Task analysis, Radar cross-sections, Scheduling, Artificial neural networks, Automation, Complexity theory. Abstract: In this paper, a scheduling method of generalized tasks for multifunctional radar network is proposed. Considering the actual relationship between task execution performance and the length of task dwell time as well as the high correlation of tasks periods, in this paper, the membership functions between execution performance and dwell time of tasks are considered to be nonlinear and the periods of tasks are arbitrary. Firstly, a radar task model with random period for multifunctional radar is built, and the exponential membership functions are set to ensure the generality of tasks. Then, the slots and common periods of radars in network are determined. Next, the periods of tasks are adjusted and tasks are assigned to corresponding radars respectively. Furthermore, tasks are scheduled in corresponding radars in network by greedy algorithm and heuristic algorithm. Finally, the numerical simulations are presented to evaluate the validity of the method.
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3,307
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Please write an abstract with title: 104 Meters Photonics-Aided Terahertz Wireless Transmission Without Terahertz Amplifier, and key words: Wireless communication, Meters, Photonics, Optical fibers, Optical filters, Lenses, Phase shift keying. Abstract: In this letter, we experimentally demonstrate a long-distance, large-capacity and photonics-aided wireless terahertz (THz) transmission system without THz amplifier. Using dielectric lenses and advanced digital signal processing (DSP), we have achieved 124 Gbit/s signal transmission over 54 meters wireless distance and 44 Gbit/s signal transmission over 104 meters wireless distance. For all we know, this is the longest wireless distance that can be achieved by using dielectric lenses without any THz amplifiers.
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Please write an abstract with title: Learning prohibited and authorised grasping locations from a few demonstrations, and key words: Training, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Neural networks, Semantics, Pipelines, Grasping. Abstract: Our motivation is to ease robots’ reconfiguration for pick and place tasks in an industrial context. This paper proposes a fast learner neural network model trained from one or a few demonstrations in less than 5 minutes, able to efficiently predict grasping locations on a specific object. The proposed methodology is easy to apply in an industrial context as it is exclusively based on the operator’s demonstrations and does not require a CAD model, existing database or simulator. As predictions of a neural network can be erroneous especially when trained with very few data, we propose to indicate both authorised and prohibited locations for safety reasons. It allows us to handle fragile objects or to perform task-oriented grasping. Our model learns the semantic representation of objects (prohibited/authorised) thanks to a simplified data representation, a simplified neural network architecture and an adequate training framework. We trained specific networks for different objects and conducted experiments on a real 7-DOF robot which showed good performances (70 to 100% depending on the object), using only one demonstration. The proposed model is able to generalise well as performances remain good even when grasping several similar objects with the same network trained on one of them.
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3,309
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Please write an abstract with title: Cytoskeletal networks in an epithelial sheet: mechanical characterization using composite diaphragm inflation, and key words: Biomembranes, Assembly, Calcium, Extracellular, Humans, Epidermis, Immune system, Switches, Industrial engineering, Educational institutions. Abstract: A new experimental methodology combining concepts of classical mechanical testing with basic microfabrication techniques has been developed to investigate the mechanical architecture of cytoskeletal networks and anchoring junctions within a monolayer of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) before, during, and after the in vitro formation of an epithelial sheet. Referred to as composite diaphragm inflation (CDI), the method resembles a microscale model of a classical axisymmetric biaxial membrane inflation experiment. CDI utilizes a free-standing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer membrane as a substrate for the culture of NHEKs into an epithelial sheet via calcium induction of cytoskeletal network reorganization and anchoring junction assembly. Together, the NHEK monolayer and the PDMS membrane form a composite diaphragm suitable for mechanical measurements. If the geometry and elastic properties of the PDMS membrane are scaled appropriately, then the prestress and apparent stiffness of the NHEK layer can be characterized by measured deviations in the load-displacement behavior of the composite diaphragm with respect to the behavior of the PDMS membrane measured prior to cell culture.
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3,310
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Please write an abstract with title: Sensor fusion approaches for observation of user actions in programming by demonstration, and key words: Sensor fusion, Robot sensing systems, Sensor systems, Humans, Data gloves, Robot vision systems, Cameras, Force sensors, Image reconstruction, Process control. Abstract: Good observation of a manipulation presentation performed by a human teacher is crucial to further processing steps in programming by demonstration which is of prime importance in interactive robot programming. This paper outlines a sensor fusion concept for hand action tracking by observing the hand posture, position and applied forces. The input sources include: a data glove which classifies several gestures and grasps, a stereo camera mounted head and several force sensors fitted on the finger tips. The hardware used is presented as well as the first implementation of measurement and fusion approaches. Accuracies of the experiment are also given.
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3,311
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Please write an abstract with title: Readers' Remarks, and key words: Computer Society. Abstract: Multimedia and disabilities
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3,312
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Please write an abstract with title: Architectures for Bit-Split String Scanning in Intrusion Detection, and key words: Intrusion detection, Computer architecture, Protection, Partitioning algorithms, Program processors, Information security, Monitoring, Telecommunication traffic, Databases, Displays. Abstract: String matching is a critical element of modern intrusion detection systems because it lets a system make decisions based not just on headers, but actual content flowing through the network. Through careful codesign and optimization of an architecture with a new string matching algorithm, the authors show it is possible to build a system that is almost 12 times more efficient than the currently best known approaches.
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Please write an abstract with title: A Method for Weather Station Selection Based on Wavelet Squared Coherence for Electric Load Forecasting, and key words: Load forecasting, Weather forecasting, Coherence, Predictive models, Indexes, Forecasting, Load modeling. Abstract: This article presents a new method for selection and combination of weather stations based on Wavelet Squared Coherence (WSC) that seeks to improve the performance of forecast models for the electric load. An Average Coherence Index (ACI) is obtained from WSC and used as an indicator of the relationship between the temperature of a weather station and the load of an area served by a utility. The ACI is used to categorize stations and select the best combination of stations for a forecast model. The method is validated with data from 18 load zones and 11 weather stations, offering a lower Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) than similar methods.
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3,314
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Please write an abstract with title: Reduction of cochannel interference on the forward link CDMA systems, and key words: Interchannel interference, Multiaccess communication, Frequency, Land mobile radio cellular systems, Wireless communication, Spread spectrum communication, Base stations, Mobile communication, Signal to noise ratio, Limiting. Abstract: The cochannel interference for a code division multiple access (CDMA) wireless communication network is considered and analyzed. A new CDMA cellular network architecture has been proposed. An analytic expression for the proposed method is derived. Simulation results show that the proposed method provides better signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio than the existing cochannel interference reduction methods. In the proposed microzoning architecture, a significant reduction of cochannel interference is achieved compared to sectoring and omni-directional architectures.
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3,315
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Please write an abstract with title: Convolutional neural network-based post-filtering for compressed YUV420 images and video, and key words: Image coding, Correlation, Filtering, Bit rate, Filtering algorithms, Distortion, Software. Abstract: Images and videos compressed with lossy compression algorithms usually suffer from visible distortions, especially when the bitrate is low. To improve the quality without spending extra bitrate, many image and video codecs have built-in filters to mitigate these artifacts. However, most of them are only applied on the luminance channel, while the chrominance channels remain unmodified. While this is partly justified by the observation that the luminance channel usually contains more details and has higher-resolution than the chrominance channels. We observe that the luminance and chrominance channels still have latent correlations. Therefore, the post-filtering of the chrominance channels is also beneficial and can be driven by the information from the luminance channel. In this paper, we propose a 3-stage YUV post-filtering network for compressed YUV420 images and video. The proposed 3-stage structure not only improves the quality of the luminance channel, but also exploits the luma-chroma correlations to improve the quality of the chrominance channels. Our experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves 3.60%/12.75%/14.93% Bj⊘ntegaard Delta bitrate improvement for the Y, U and V channels over the VVC 10.0 codec for All-Intra configuration.
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Please write an abstract with title: Electronics laboratory workstation for on-site and remote use, and key words: Digital systems, Instruments, Education, Universal Serial Bus, Hardware, Workstations. Abstract: In this paper we describe how to set up and configure an electronics laboratory workstation so that it can be used for on-site practices and, with a few changes, can also be used remotely to study the practical part of the subjects, or for autonomous works. These laboratory workstations have been successfully used in the last two courses for subjects related to digital systems and hardware description languages, and can also be adapted for use in subiects related to analog electronics.
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3,317
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Please write an abstract with title: Parallel Numerical Simulation of Human Left Ventricular Diastole Based on Fluid-structure Interaction, and key words: Heart, Geometry, Image segmentation, Conferences, Numerical simulation, Supercomputers, Finite element analysis. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a parallel fluid-structure interaction solution method for the simulation of the diastolic process of the human left ventricle. The three dimensional geometry of a patient-specific left ventricle is first segmented from a medical image, and then based on which an unstructured mesh is generated. The coupled fluid-structure interaction equations are spatially discretized by a finite element method on the unstructured mesh and a fully implicit scheme is introduced for the temporal discretization. At each timestep of the fully implicit method, a scalable parallel method is applied for solving the large scale nonlinear system. Numerical experiments show that the proposed method scales up to 1920 processor cores on the Tianhe-2A supercomputer for solving a problem with over 7.9 million unstructured tetrahedrons, which shows a potential to do high-fidelity simulation of human heart for clinical applications.
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3,318
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Please write an abstract with title: Systematic Approach Driving toward Effective University-Industry Collaboration (UIC), and key words: Technological innovation, Systematics, Protocols, Collaboration, Optimized production technology, Radar, Resource management. Abstract: Universities are widely perceived as a source of state-of-the-art scientific knowledge and firms opt to work with them to advance their competitive advantages in innovation development. However, collaborations often meet unproductive performance and unsmooth interactions due to gaps in research capability, goals, and working protocols. To reduce the risks of deterioration in collaboration, executives need to foresee possible gaps in advance so that relevant solutions can be planned. This paper introduces the 3-phase analytical approach to manage the university-industry collaboration (UIC). The first phase involves assessing the matching quality of university partners. Next, the assessment result is diagnosed to detect the matching quality gaps. Then, the third phase applies the assessment results to 1.) position university partners into the proper mode of collaboration; Orchestrated collaboration, Assistive collaboration, Attentive collaboration and Mismatched collaboration, according to their complementarities and compatibilities and 2.) craft a strategic roadmap guiding the relationship development toward effective UIC with selected partners. This 3-phase approach helps managers realize possible difficulties and systematically prepare solutions in advance.
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3,319
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Please write an abstract with title: An Approach of Enhancing the Quality of Public Transportation Service in Sri Lanka using IoT, and key words: Smart cards, Visualization, Systematics, Face recognition, Sociology, Mobile communication, Real-time systems. Abstract: Traveling is one of the necessary and common behavior of any society. Thus, there are many ways of human travel. Due to the fact that Sri Lanka is still a developing country, the vast majority of the population rely on public transit as opposed to private transportation options. In this situation, public and private bus services are the most common means of transportation for people. People who use bus service for daily traveling face lot of issues due to the delays in bus arrivals, missing the bus or excessive crowd in the bus. This proposed system is intended to make bus travel more efficient and convenient for those who rely on buses as their primary means of public transit. This system provides a mobile application for passengers to utilize in order to observe the real-time position of the buses, as well as their anticipated arrival time, current passenger count, and a visualization of the available seat locations within the vehicle prior to the arrival of the bus. Besides, traditional manual ticketing procedure also cause many difficulties for the passengers like need of carrying changed money each time they travel. To avoid this serious problem, this system introduces a non-interactive automated ticketing system which has a smart card that can be tracked in a RFID zone and an automated fee calculating system using a logical conceptual algorithm considering environmental factors. Along with this a digital ticket is issued including all the required details of a journey. In addition to that, this system has a two-factor authentication process that makes use of face recognition to validate the user's identity before granting access to their smart card. The goal of this application is to provide a systematic solution for the typical challenges that public transportation users face in order to improve the service quality by using IoT-based technologies and image processing.
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Please write an abstract with title: Integrating workforce communication into senior design, and key words: Design engineering, Writing, Employment, Oral communication, Accreditation, Manufacturing, Management training, Systems engineering and theory, Communication industry, Industrial engineering. Abstract: Workforce communication skills are essential to engineers' job success, but research shows that engineering graduates do not have the level of oral and written communication skills that jobs require. At Georgia Institute of Technology, the results of interviews with engineers, supervisors, and senior executives have been used to integrate workforce communication skills into Industrial Engineering Senior Design. The process used to collect the data is described along with the resulting educational approach. The incorporation of the identified workforce communication skills into the capstone course is then detailed. Preliminary feedback is reported and extensions to other engineering disciplines are discussed.
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Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Quantum State Preparation for the Cauchy Distribution Based on Piecewise Arithmetic, and key words: Qubit, Monte Carlo methods, Registers, Logic gates, Mathematical models, Distribution functions, Approximation algorithms. Abstract: The benefits of the quantum Monte Carlo algorithm heavily rely on the efficiency of the superposition state preparation. So far, most reported Monte Carlo algorithms use the Grover–Rudolph state preparation method, which is suitable for efficiently integrable distribution functions. Consequently, most reported works are based on log-concave distributions, such as normal distributions. However, non-log-concave distributions still have many uses, such as in financial modeling. Recently, a new method was proposed that does not need integration to calculate the rotation angle for state preparation. However, performing efficient state preparation is still difficult due to the high cost associated with high precision and low error in the calculation for the rotation angle. Many methods of quantum state preparation use polynomial Taylor approximations to reduce the computation cost. However, Taylor approximations do not work well with heavy-tailed distribution functions that are not bounded exponentially. In this article, we present a method of efficient state preparation for heavy-tailed distribution functions. Specifically, we present a quantum gate-level algorithm to prepare quantum superposition states based on the Cauchy distribution, which is a non-log-concave heavy-tailed distribution. Our procedure relies on a piecewise polynomial function instead of a single Taylor approximation to reduce computational cost and increase accuracy. The Cauchy distribution is an even function, so the proposed piecewise polynomial contains only a quadratic term and a constant term to maintain the simplest approximation of an even function. Numerical analysis shows that the required number of subdomains increases linearly as the approximation error decreases exponentially. Furthermore, the computation complexity of the proposed algorithm is independent of the number of subdomains in the quantum implementation of the piecewise function due to quantum parallelism. An example of the proposed algorithm based on a simulation conducted in Qiskit is presented to demonstrate its capability to perform state preparation based on the Cauchy distribution.
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Please write an abstract with title: Determinants of Application Service Provider (ASP) Adoption as an Innovation, and key words: Application specific processors, Technological innovation, Outsourcing, Application software, Internet, Procurement, IP networks, Lenses, Distributed computing, Information science. Abstract: The trend toward external procurement of software and services has led to the emergence of application service providers (ASPs). While prior research has investigated the use of ASPs as a form of outsourcing, this study considers ASP from multiple perspectives, both as a genre of outsourcing and as an IT innovation. Employing Tornatzky and Fleischer's (1990) theoretical framework, this study identifies the most important determinants of ASP adoption. A model that explains ASP diffusion and infusion is specified and tested using PLS. Some of the most important factors of ASP adoption identified in the study include: top management orientation, integration capability, internal IS expertise and competitive pressure. Other factors such as relationship management, service quality, relative advantage and cost were found to be less important. With the phenomenon of ASP at a very early stage, this study provides an opportunity to understand the immediate and practical implications of its adoption.
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Please write an abstract with title: Resource Allocation and Sharing in URLLC for IoT Applications Using Shareability Graphs, and key words: Resource management, Ultra reliable low latency communication, Reliability, Internet of Things, Delays, Interference, OFDM. Abstract: The current development trend of wireless communications aims at coping with the very stringent reliability and latency requirements posed by several emerging Internet-of-Things (IoT) application scenarios. Since the problem of realizing ultrareliable low-latency communications (URLLCs) is becoming more and more important, it has attracted the attention of researchers, and new efficient resource allocation algorithms are necessary. In this article, we consider a challenging scenario where the available spectrum might be fragmented across nonadjacent portions of the band, and channels are differently affected by interference coming from surrounding networks. Furthermore, channel state information (CSI) is assumed to be unavailable, thus requiring an allocation of resources-based only on topology information and channel statistics. To address this challenge in a dense smart factory scenario, where devices periodically transmit their data to a common receiver, we present a novel resource allocation methodology based on a graph-theoretical approach originally designed to allocate mobility resources in on-demand, shared transportation. The proposed methodology is compared with two benchmark allocation strategies, showing its ability of increasing spectral efficiency of as much as 50% with respect to the best performing benchmark. Contrary to what happens in many resource allocation settings, this increase in spectrum efficiency does not come at the expense of fairness, which is also increased as compared to benchmark algorithms.
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3,324
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Please write an abstract with title: Designing optical waveguides for clinical diagnostics in layered tissues: experimental testing with tissue phantoms, and key words: Optical waveguides, Optical design, Imaging phantoms, Optical scattering, Fluorescence, Optical fiber testing, Probes, Solids, Optical fibers, Biomedical optical imaging. Abstract: Phantoms that simulate tissue optical response are useful for optimizing instruments for clinical laser diagnostics and for validating photon-migration models. A novel bi-layered tissue phantom is developed and tested using clinically-compatible fiber-optic probe designs.
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3,325
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Please write an abstract with title: Covert Wireless Data Collection Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, and key words: Unmanned aerial vehicles, Wireless communication, Trajectory, Data collection, Communication system security, Wireless sensor networks, Receiving antennas. Abstract: This work considers unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks for collecting data covertly from ground users. The full-duplex UAV intends to gather critical information from a scheduled user (SU) through wireless communication and generate artificial noise (AN) with random transmit power in order to ensure a negligible probability of the SU's transmission being detected by the unscheduled users (USUs). To enhance the system performance, we jointly design the UAV's trajectory and its maximum AN transmit power together with the user scheduling strategy subject to practical constraints, e.g., a covertness constraint, which is explicitly determined by analyzing each USU's detection performance, and a binary constraint induced by user scheduling. The formulated design problem is a mixed-integer non-convex optimization problem, which is challenging to solve directly, but solved by a penalty successive convex approximation (P-SCA) scheme. Our examination shows that the P-SCA scheme significantly outperforms a benchmark scheme in terms of achieving a higher max-min average transmission rate subject to the same covertness constraint.
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3,326
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Please write an abstract with title: Time-Courses of the Central Frequencies of Low-Frequency Components of RR Intervals, Systolic and Diastolic Pressure Variabilities in Response to Active Orthostatic Test, and key words: Time-frequency analysis, Correlation, Resonant frequency, Frequency estimation, Power capacitors, Cardiology, Surges. Abstract: In 25 healthy subjects we assessed the effects provoked by 1-min of active orthostatic test (AOT) on time-courses of central frequencies and powers of low frequency components (<inf>CF</inf>LF, <inf>P</inf>LF) of RR (<inf>CF</inf>LF<inf>RR</inf>, <inf>P</inf>LF<inf>RR</inf>), systolic (<inf>CF</inf>LF<inf>SP</inf>, <inf>P</inf>LF<inf>SP</inf>) and diastolic (<inf>CF</inf>LF<inf>DP</inf>, <inf>P</inf>LF<inf>DP</inf>) pressures, estimated by a time-frequency distribution. Ensemble averages of the three <inf>P</inf>LF-<inf>CF</inf>LF pairs dynamics depicted an initial sudden change (ISC), followed by a recovery change (RC) and a final sudden change (FSC). The rapid changes were upwards for <inf>P</inf>LF and downwards for <inf>CF</inf>LF. Means of the maximal <inf>P</inf>LF surges and of minimal <inf>CF</inf>LF falls were greater and smaller (<tex>$p < 0.01$</tex>) than their respective control means. Mean correlations of the three <inf>P</inf>LF-<inf>CF</inf>LF relations ranged from <tex>$- 0.95+ 0.05\ to\ -0.97\pm 0.04$</tex> in ISC, <tex>$-0.86\pm 0.13\ to\ -0.87\pm 0.15$</tex> in R C and <tex>$-0.30\pm 0.59$</tex> to <tex>$-0.41\pm 0.63$</tex> in FSC. In all stages, means of <inf>CF</inf>LF<inf>RR</inf> were greater (<tex>$p < 0.04$</tex>) than those of <inf>CF</inf>LF<inf>DP</inf>. That the patterned responses of the three <inf>P</inf>LF-<inf>CF</inf>LF pairs time-courses present rapid initial and final changes, upstrokes for <inf>P</inf>LF and falls for <inf>CF</inf>LF, significantly inversely correlated, and the greater level of <inf>CF</inf>LF<inf>RR</inf> than <inf>CF</inf>LF<inf>DP</inf>, refine the time-course of cardiovascular sympathetic activation in AOT, possibly non-uniform, and suggest that <inf>CF</inf>LF are trustable quantitative sympathetic measures, with some specificity, <inf>CF</inf>LF<inf>RR</inf> for the cardiac and <inf>CF</inf>LF<inf>DP</inf> for the vasomotor one.
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Please write an abstract with title: Techno-Economic Study of Marine Hydrokinetic Turbines for Electricity Production over the US Gulf stream, and key words: Hydraulic turbines, Costs, Wind energy, Oceans, Government, Production, Wind turbines. Abstract: The electricity production transition leads to the development of low-carbon content renewable energy resources. Due to those challenges, new technologies, such as marine hydrokinetic (MHK) turbines, are dragging more attention concerning their technical and economic feasibility. MHK turbines are essentially like wind turbines, but made for recovering energy related to a flow of water. They can be used for recovering energy from river, ocean, or tidal current. Contrary to wind, such energy resources are much predictable and power density is higher. Furthermore, MHK turbines have the capability to run during natural disaster events, improving the resiliency of the grid. Consequently, this study aims at evaluating the techno-economic feasibility for the deployment of MHK for electricity production over the US gulf stream. The results of this study clearly indicate it is very unlikely this resource around North Carolina coast will be economically attractive, even considering state or government subsidy. On the other hand, the coast of Florida likely offers a great economic potential once the MHK technology reaches its maturity.
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3,328
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Please write an abstract with title: X-Y linear synchronous motor without force ripple and core loss for precision two-dimensional drive, and key words: Synchronous motors, Core loss, Coils, Eddy currents, Frequency, Energy consumption, Permanent magnets, Numerical analysis, Packaging, Magnetic flux. Abstract: Summary form only given. Some two-dimensional movement motors have been developed, in which there is a problem of force ripple in the precise positioning. The authors propose an X-Y linear synchronous motors. The configuration with air-core coil has no core loss and no detent force which accompanies the force ripple. A pair of field permanent magnets (PMs) in each side is always kept at the angle of 45 degrees to the x- and y-axis. The field PMs with yoke are used as a mover.
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Please write an abstract with title: Pseudo-label Generation for Agricultural Robotics Applications, and key words: Structure from motion, Motion segmentation, Pipelines, Refining, Spraying, Lighting, Pattern recognition. Abstract: In the context of table grape cultivation there is rising interest in robotic solutions for harvesting, pruning, precision spraying and other agronomic tasks. Perception algorithms at the core of these systems require large amounts of labelled data, which in this context is often not available.In this work, we propose a semi-supervised solution to reduce the data needed to get state-of-the-art detection and segmentation of fruits in orchards. We present the case of table grape vineyards in southern Lazio (Italy) since grapes are a difficult fruit to segment due to occlusion, color and general illumination conditions. We consider the concrete scenario where the source labelled data is wine grape, while the target data is table grape, with considerable covariate shift. Starting from a simple video input, our method generates first bounding box labels, leveraging the structure from motion information, then segmentation masks, using the same weakly generated bounding box labels and a refining step based on Grabcut.This system is able to produce labels that considerably reduce the covariate shift from source to target data and that requires very limited data acquisition effort. Comparisons with State-of-the-art supervised solutions show how our methods are able to train new models that achieve high performances with few labelled images, with very simple labelling.
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and evaluation of multisite testing for VLSI, and key words: Very large scale integration, Circuit faults, Automatic testing, Built-in self-test, Circuit testing, Fault diagnosis, Automatic test equipment, Radiofrequency identification, Integrated circuit testing, Radio frequency. Abstract: This paper deals with multisite testing of VLSI chips in a manufacturing environment. Multisite testing is analyzed and evaluated using device-under-test (DUT) parameters (such as yield and average number of faults per DUT) as well as test process features (such as number of channels, fault coverage, and touchdown time for the head). The presence of idle time periods and their impact on the multisite test time is analyzed in depth. Two hybrid testing scenarios which combine built-in self-test (BIST) and automatic test equipment (ATE) are proposed and analytical models are provided to establish the corresponding multisite test time. It is shown that a hybrid approach based on screening chips through a BIST stage improves the performance of multisite test and allows a better utilization of channels in the head of an ATE.
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Please write an abstract with title: Parasitic effect analysis and modeling for a differential LNA design, and key words: MOSFETs, Parasitic capacitance, Spirals, Inductors, Circuit simulation, Radio frequency, Semiconductor device modeling, RF signals, Signal processing, MOS capacitors. Abstract: In this paper, parasitic effect of CMOS differential LNA is discussed. The sources of parasitic effects are MOS transistor, differential structure, pad, and spiral inductor. Those parasitic effects are analyzed for better exact performance prediction. Differential LNA is simulated with and without parasitic effects. And finally measurement results are discussed and compared with simulated ones.
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Please write an abstract with title: Efficiency Enhancement of Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) by Micro/nano-structuring the Substrate Layer, and key words: Shape, Simulation, Light scattering, Organic light emitting diodes, Silicon, Nanostructures, Time-domain analysis. Abstract: We report a novel model of high efficiency Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) by patterning micro/nano-structures in the 3-layer (Silicon Dioxide-Silicon Nitride-Silicon Dioxide) substrate. The micro-nano-structured OLEDs have been designed and simulated using finite-difference time-domain method. A large variety of light scattering micro/nano-structures including plano-convex & plano-concave micro-lens array, and nano-pillars array were incorporated on the surface of and inside the substrate layer of the OLEDs. We varied the size, shape, and period of the micro/nano-structures to achieve high intensity and efficiency. We have investigated the far field intensity, transmitted power, internal & external quantum efficiency, and angular distribution of light. Simulation results exemplified higher light extraction, angular distribution, and external quantum efficiency in the micro/nano-patterned OLEDs as compared to the conventional OLEDs. Among all kinds of structures, nano-pillar array (height-to-width ratio: 2.13; period: 100 nm) engraved OLEDs showed highest external quantum efficiency of 61.073% at the Far Field 1 with an angular distribution of ± 77°. We strongly believe that, the proposed OLEDs will be considered for commercial applications.
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Please write an abstract with title: Facial Expression Recognition in the Wild: Efficiency of Modified-Category and Ensemble Learning Methods, and key words: Learning systems, Industries, Computer science, Emotion recognition, Fuses, Face recognition, Faces. Abstract: Human facial expression plays a significant role in the medical field, the automotive industry, and so on. Recent research and achievements in recognizing the expressions by using CNNs have been published, conducted on old datasets, i.e. CKP, FER+, etc. However, those are unnatural and less challenging. We authors propose two methods to deal with a new and more realistic dataset called CAER-S first introduced in ICCV 2019. Instead of using the original images of CAER-S, we prepare our dataset by extracting the faces to focus mainly on facial expressions. The first method is to merge some categories sharing the most mispredictions mutually. Nonetheless, the results are indecisive to conclude this method's efficiency. The other is to use plenty of pre-trained models to find the best three of them for ensembles. The ensembles are weighted majority voting and soft voting. These are applied to fuse the three models' results to return the final one whose accuracy is higher than each's separately. This work contributes to advanced facial expression recognition research, especially with using the new dataset CAER-S.
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Please write an abstract with title: Prospective Sensing Applications of Novel Heteromaterial Based Dopingless Nanowire-TFET at Low Operating Voltage, and key words: TFETs, Silicon, Charge carriers, Temperature sensors, Tunneling, Doping. Abstract: Most of the sensors are based on different device architectures depending on the application type. A novel dopingless (DL) vertical Nanowire (VNW)-TFET is proposed that is used for the implementation of the gas sensor, biosensor, photo-detector and temperature sensor. Charge-plasma technique is used to provide the necessary doping for the proper functioning of the device; where metals with specific work functions are deposited on the source/drain region to accumulate charge carriers within the region. The device is designed with a spacer length of 5 nm that provided the enhanced device parameters. Smaller source/drain length helped in maintaining abrupt junction at the source/drain-channel interface even with a large spacer length. Heteromaterials such as Silicon-Germanium, Indium Antimonide, Indium Arsenide and Germanium-Tin are used as source materials for DL-VNW-TFET to compensate the low ON-current of the TFET devices. Exposed source/gate catalytic electrode, open source-cavity, photo-dielectric material/transparent conductive oxide (high work function) and heteromaterials are the key sensing elements of the implemented sensors. ON-current, OFF-current and threshold voltage are considered as the sensing parameters. Obtained results of the sensing parameters confirm the possible use of the proposed device for adaptive multi-sensing applications.
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Please write an abstract with title: CoLoss-GAN: Collision-Free Human Trajectory Generation with a Collision Loss and GAN, and key words: Deep learning, Visualization, Navigation, Benchmark testing, Generative adversarial networks, Trajectory, Reliability. Abstract: Humans navigate through crowds in a socially compliant manner and usually try to avoid close contact to strangers. An important skill that enables humans to achieve this is the accurate prediction of human movement. This skill is also desirable for autonomous mobile platforms for safe and socially conforming actions. Current research explores the challenging stochastic nature of a human's future trajectory using deep learning. However, it neglects the property that people move predominantly collision-free. We address this problem and introduce in this paper the CoLoss-GAN, a generative adversarial network (GAN) that encodes historical trajectories and generatively decodes future socially conforming trajectories. We propose an optimized state refinement and an effective pooling module, which learn feature representations that reliably encode human-to-human interactions and current human intentions. We encourage collision-freeness by formulating a crucial collision loss (CoLoss) that penalizes colliding predicted trajectories. Our experiments demonstrate performance on challenging real-world benchmarks, outperforming several state-of-the-art deterministic and generative baselines, in terms of accuracy and collision-freeness, with more plausible and nonlinear trajectory predictions.
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Please write an abstract with title: Computation of Maximum Voltage Droop in Power Delivery Networks, and key words: Integrated circuits, Resistance, Error analysis, Estimation, Power system reliability, Integrated circuit reliability. Abstract: Computation of maximum voltage droop in power delivery networks is important for performance estimation. This article proposes a methodology to predict the maximum voltage droop caused by current sources in ICs. We derive the analytical relations and analyze the error in the predicted voltage droop values. Furthermore, we consider the effect of current step rise time on the voltage droop along with error analysis. Results capture the error bounds for the analytical equations derived.
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Please write an abstract with title: Feature-Aware Deep-Learning Reconstruction for Context-Sensitive X-ray Computed Tomography, and key words: Image reconstruction, Computed tomography, Training, Feature extraction, Lung, Standards, Deep learning. Abstract: It is common for CT images to be reconstructed differently for different clinical examination purposes. It is difficult for conventional filtered backprojection (FBP) methods and standard model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) methods to produce a single context-sensitive image without multiple reconstructions. In this article, we address this challenge by leveraging the power of deep learning. We propose to train a deep convolution neural network to reconstruct a universal image from one FBP image. We present a new data argumentation method that generates the specific training target image, specifically the feature-aware target. The resulting method, called feature-aware deep-learning reconstruction (DLR), requires only one FBP image as input and is much faster than MBIR. In experiments, we investigate one application of low-dose CT feature-aware DLR which aims to achieve noise and resolution consistency across different body parts. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method using both simulated and real clinical low-dose CT scans. The results show that our feature-aware DLR outperforms both FBP and standard MBIR by producing improved CT image quality potentially suitable for a broad range of clinical diagnoses.
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Please write an abstract with title: Image Recognition Based on Convolution Neural Network with Small Data Set, and key words: Training, Machine learning, Convolutional neural networks, Data models, Support vector machines, Image recognition, Convolution. Abstract: With the development of artificial intelligence, deep learning is more and more widely used in image recognition. As a representative deep learning algorithm, convolutional neural network has been widely used due to its excellent performance in image processing. It is widely used in various fields and has made great achievements. Image recognition is the most important problem in the development of computer vision. Since computers can recognize ob jects, computer vision can be used in many fields. How to identify vehicles and people in driverless driving and public safety is very important and meaningful. By identifying cars or pedestrians in front of you on autopilot, computers can predict danger by taking precautions in advance. Therefore, this experiment USES convolutional neural network to classify cat and dog images. Neural network generally needs a large number of data sets, but the number of our data sets often cannot meet our needs, so it is very meaningful to build a better model in the case of small data. A nine-layer artificial convolutional neural network is established and the error iteration is tested by the optimal value and test set of batch gradient descent method and local demand model. Experimental results show that after 30 iterations, the accuracy of training set is close to 100%, while the accuracy of test set is only about 70%. Therefore, this paper adopts the following three methods to optimize the model step by step. First, we use the migration learning method to call the VGG16 model in the keras library to conduct training prediction for this experiment. Data enhancement was then performed to further optimize the model. Finally, the model is optimized and improved by fine-tuning. The experimental results show that the experimental results are good and can meet our experimental requirements.
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Please write an abstract with title: Anti-Multipath Near-Field Localization in Multi-Path Underwater Acoustic Channel, and key words: Location awareness, Geometry, Array signal processing, Simulation, Conferences, Underwater acoustics, Water resources. Abstract: Focused beamforming is a useful method for solving near-field localization problem in underwater acoustic. But we should consider the following conditions: (1) we should regard the radiated noise in the near-field as non-point sources. (2) Multipath signal may severely interfere with the location results in the shallow sea. Due to the above two factors, the locating performance of focused beamforming is declined seriously. Hence, it is urgent to solve the non-point sources localization problem in shallow water. In this paper, a new anti-multipath near-field localization technique is introduced. Compared with other methods, because the new proposed method makes utilize of the spatial geometry, it can effectively obtain the channel impulse response and match the underwater channel in practice.
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3,340
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Please write an abstract with title: Social Network Influence: Making the Case for Semantic Analysis, and key words: Social networking (online), Semantics, Oral communication, Reflection. Abstract: Influence on the social network platform has become an interesting research area. A typical social network influencer is known by the amount of reactions that he/she attracts based on the posts made. The amount of reactions received is usually a reflection of the overall visibility of the influencer on the social network arena. This visibility has attracted commercial benefits to such influencers through word of mouth marketing, political endorsements as well as ambassadorial appointments. However, existing methods in literature that are used to scientifically quantify the amount of social influence that can be attributed to an influencer, tend to lump the amount of social influence in a single basket labelled either as positive or negative influence. The effect is a binary classification of influencers as either negative or positive. In this article, we make the case that this is not necessarily accurate. The reason being that in a collection of comments that a post from an influencer attracts, it it seldom that all the comments would be absolutely positive or negative. There is a fuzzy space defined by comments that do not necessarily belong to either of these categories. In this work, we have used data harvested from Facebook comments and grouped into four different categories - those in full support of the opinion expressed, those in full opposition of the opinion, those that somewhat support and those that somewhat oppose the opinion expressed. Results have shown that the fuzzy space created by the comments in between the full support and full opposition negates the assumption that an influencer can be a positive or negative influencer just because the number of positive or negative comments are the majority.
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Please write an abstract with title: Study of novel Love mode surface acoustic wave filters, and key words: Surface acoustic waves, Acoustic waves, Filters, Fingers, Capacitance, Substrates, Zinc oxide, Acoustic propagation, Dielectric constant, Temperature. Abstract: Novel Love mode filters based on ZnO and SiO/sub 2//90/spl deg/ rotated ST-cut quartz crystal structure were fabricated. A comprehensive study was carried out to show the capabilities of such filters. The periodicity of the fingers is 50 /spl mu/m and the thickness of the SiO/sub 2/ and ZnO layers ranges from 0.2 to 7.2 /spl mu/m. Electromechanical coupling coefficient, capacitance per unit wavelengths of finger pairs and temperature coefficient of frequency are studied in terms of thickness of the wave-guiding layers.
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Please write an abstract with title: RCUBE: a multipurpose platform for intelligent autonomous system, and key words: Intelligent systems, Intelligent robots, Mobile robots, Intelligent sensors, Robot sensing systems, Controllability, Sensor fusion, Object recognition, Navigation, Image processing. Abstract: Since 1995 autonomous, intelligent or mobile robot systems have been investigated and included in the education process. Using commercial and/or open source platforms like LEGO-techniques with the 6.270-Board (Flynn, A.M. and Jones, J.L., 1996), the EyeBot controller (Braunl, Th., 2002) or the PIONEER robots various aspects like mobility, controllability, sensor fusion, line or object recognition, navigation and control strategies were taken into account. The limited abilities of all these systems in computing power or image processing required the development of a new hardware platform called RCUBE (Boersch, I., et al., 2003) combining the features of a typical actuator-sensor-input-output-board with computing power and image recognition capabilities. The system would be suitable as a compact platform for universities, small enterprises and private developers.
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Please write an abstract with title: Irregular distribution of wind power prediction, and key words: Wind power generation, Wind speed, Predictive models, Wind forecasting, Autoregressive processes, Gaussian distribution, Forecasting. Abstract: Wind power is volatile and uncertain, which makes it difficult to establish an accurate prediction model. How to quantitatively describe the distribution of wind power output is the focus of this paper. First, it is assumed that wind speed is a random variable that satisfies the normal distribution. Secondly, based on the nonlinear relationship between wind speed and wind power, the distribution model of wind power prediction is established from the viewpoint of the physical mechanism. The proposed model successfully shows the complex characteristics of the wind power prediction distribution. The results show that the distribution of wind power prediction varies significantly with the point forecast of the wind speed.
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Please write an abstract with title: Design of a Bi-Harmonic 7-Phase PM Machine With Tooth-Concentrated Winding, and key words: Harmonic analysis, Torque, Virtual machining, Windings, Fault tolerance, Fault tolerant systems, Torque measurement. Abstract: If multi-phase machines equipped with tooth-concentrated winding with half a slot per pole and per phase offer interesting characteristics (simplified manufacturing, no space subharmonic, fault-tolerant ability), their low fundamental winding factors make their designs and controls challenging. The paper addresses the case of a seven-phase Surface-mounted Permanent Magnet (SPM) machine which has a fundamental winding factor lower than the third. This so-called bi-harmonic specificity is considered in order to achieve good torque quality (average value and ripples). Regarding the design, the magnet layer is segmented into two identical radially magnetized tiles that cover about three-quarters the pole arc. Regarding the control, the rated Maximum Torque Per Ampere (MTPA) supply strategy (h1h3 control) aims at generating a third harmonic current component greater than the fundamental. A prototype has been manufactured: the ability of the machine to provide smooth torque is experimentally confirmed through the implementation of a simple MTPA control which copes with high distortion in no-load voltage.
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Please write an abstract with title: Aligning biological sequences on distributed bus networks: a divisible load scheduling approach, and key words: Sequences, Biology computing, DNA, Processor scheduling, Algorithm design and analysis, Large-scale systems, Process design, Computer networks, Communication networks, Closed-form solution. Abstract: In this paper, we design a multiprocessor strategy that exploits the computational characteristics of the algorithms used for biological sequence comparison proposed in the literature. We employ divisible load theory (DLT) that is suitable for handling large scale processing on network based systems. For the first time in the domain of DLT, the problem of aligning biological sequences is attempted. The objective is to minimize the total processing time of the alignment process. In designing our strategy, DLT facilitates a clever partitioning of the entire computation process involved in such a way that the overall time consumed for aligning the sequences is a minimum. The partitioning takes into account the computation speeds of the nodes and the underlying communication network. Since this is a real-life application, the post-processing phase becomes important, and hence we consider propagating the results back in order to generate an exact alignment. We consider several cases in our analysis such as deriving closed-form solutions for the processing time for heterogeneous, homogeneous, and networks with slow links. Further, we attempt to employ a multiinstallment strategy to distribute the tasks such that a higher degree of parallelism can be achieved. For slow networks, our strategy recommends near-optimal solutions. We derive an important condition to identify such cases and propose two heuristic strategies. Also, our strategy can be extended for multisequence alignment by utilizing a clustering strategy such as the Berger-Munson algorithm proposed in the literature. Finally, we use real-life DNA samples of house mouse mitochondrion (Mus Musculus Mitochondrion, NC.001569) consisting of 16 295 residues and the DNA of human mitochondrion (Homo Sapiens Mitochondrion, NC.001807) consisting of 16 571 residues, obtainable from the GenBank , in our rigorous simulation experiments to illustrate all the theoretical findings.
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Please write an abstract with title: Sintering of Nano-sized Zirconia Powder Processed by Powder Injection Moulding, and key words: Powders, Injection molding, Grain size, Temperature, Isothermal processes, Microstructure, Nanostructured materials, Thermal management, Density measurement, Extraterrestrial measurements. Abstract: The nano-sized Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (Nano YSZ) powder with an average particles size of 50nm is initially heat treated and then mixed with wax-based binder system. The prepared feedstock is then formed into a shape by powder injection moulding process. The green parts are then thermally debound and sintered. The sintering behavior of the nano-sized particles is presented and compared with those of BASF feedstock. It is found that Nano YSZ can achieve 98% of its theoretical density. Homogenous microstructure is obtained with an average grain size of 500nm. The hardness value of the sintered Nano YSZ is similar to those obtained from BASF feedstock.
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Please write an abstract with title: Low Light Image Enhancement by Multispectral Fusion and Convolutional Neural Networks, and key words: Training, Smoothing methods, Image color analysis, Noise reduction, Feature extraction, Pattern recognition, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: In this paper, we propose low light image enhancement by multispectral fusion and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We adopt multispectral fusion of color (RGB) and near infrared (NIR) images for low light image enhancement based on pyramid feature selection and attention map. The proposed fusion network consists of two subnetworks: denoising and fusion. Since low light RGB images contain severe noise with detail loss, we first utilize a denoising subnetwork to preprocess RGB images. In the denoising subnetwork, we use concat operation to prevent the loss of image features during training. We independently train the denoising subnetwork because denoising datasets are easy to obtain. After denoising, we use gamma correction to enhance the denoised low light image. Finally, we perform the fusion subnetwork for hidden texture recovery based on pyramid feature selection and attention map. To build the fusion subnetwork, we synthesize a low light image dataset based on smoothing and gamma correction. We generate the ground truth for training by adding the details of the NIR images into the smoothed RGB images. Experimental results show that the proposed fusion method generates high quality images with little noise, fine details and good colors.
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Please write an abstract with title: Embodiment and Personalization for Self-Identification with Virtual Humans, and key words: avatars, embodiment, personalization, sense of embodiment, self identification, virtual human, Human-centered computing—HCI design and evaluation methods, Empirical studies in HCI, Virtual Reality. Abstract: Our work investigates the impact of virtual human embodiment and personalization on the sense of embodiment (SoE) and self-identification (SI). We introduce preliminary items to query self-similarity (SS) and self-attribution (SA) with virtual humans as dimensions of SI. In our study, 64 participants successively observed personalized and generic-looking virtual humans, either as embodied avatars in a virtual mirror or as agents while performing tasks. They reported significantly higher SoE and SI when facing personalized virtual humans and significantly higher SoE and SA when facing embodied avatars, indicating that both factors have strong separate and complimentary influence on SoE and SI.
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Please write an abstract with title: Effect of External Insulation Environment on Electric Field Distribution of 500kV Porcelain Bushing, and key words: Insulators, Electric fields, Atmospheric modeling, Porcelain, Conductivity, Temperature distribution. Abstract: Electric field distribution in porcelain bushing for 500kV SF6 tank breaker is of great significance for safe and stable operation of breaker. There are many factors affecting the distribution of electric field inside the bushing. From the point of view of safe and stable operation of the equipment, the environmental conditions such as rain and snow contamination outside the bushing are fully taken into account in this paper. The electric field distribution inside the bushing is simulated and analyzed. The highest local electric field which may occur inside the bushing is obtained, compared with the breakdown field strength of SF6 and assess the reliability of bushing insulation structure. The results show that the external environment has little influence on the electric field distribution in the bushing. In the operation of the equipment, the change of the external environment and the overvoltage can hardly make the internal insulation failure.
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Please write an abstract with title: A state reduction method for non-scan based FSM testing with don't care inputs identification technique, and key words: Testing, Ambient intelligence. Abstract: This paper proposes a state reduction method for non-scan based FSM (finite state machine) testing with a don't care inputs identification technique. States for FSM testing are classified into valid test states and invalid test states. This method reduces the numbers of invalid test states and valid test states using a don't care input identification technique and a state compaction technique. The test length may be shortened by reducing the number of valid test states and additional test area is reduced by reducing the number of invalid test states. Experimental results for MCNC'91 FSM benchmarks and practical FSMs show that the proposed method reduces the test area by 13 to 77% and shortens the test lengths by 10 to 36%.
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Please write an abstract with title: An Efficient Description with Halide for IIR Gaussian Filter, and key words: Processor scheduling, IIR filters, Acceleration, Schedules, DSL, Signal processing algorithms, Kernel. Abstract: Recursive Gaussian filter is one of the constant-time algorithms fir Gaussian filtering to reduce the computational order. The recursive property makes programs hard for optimization because all resulting pixels in a recursive filter depend on all input pixels. Halide is a domain-specific language for image processing and can powerfully accelerate image processing with a concise description. However, it is also tricky to describe concise scheduling for recursive filters. As a solution to this problem, RecFilter has been developed as a domain-specific language for handling recursive filter, which internally generates the Halide code. The limitation of RecFilter is in approximation accuracy. Here, we extend RecFilter to suit the methods commonly used in recursive Gaussian filter to solve this problem. Also, we improve computational performance by changing computational scheduling. Experimental results showed that the proposed generator produces more computationally efficient codes, and the resulting images have higher approximation accuracy.
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3,352
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Please write an abstract with title: A novel CFAR tonal detector using phase compensation, and key words: Phase detection, Testing, Signal detection, Discrete Fourier transforms, Sonar detection, Phase frequency detector, Gaussian noise, Radar detection, Working environment noise, Signal processing. Abstract: A novel tonal detector is presented in this paper. The detector uses phase compensation for detecting sinusoidal signal with unknown amplitude, frequency, and phase in complex Gaussian noise with unknown variance. We analyze the statistical properties of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the observations and consider the leakage effect. Then we develop the detector by using generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT). The new detector fully utilizes the phase information of the signal and achieves constant false alarm rate (CFAR) property. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show its improvement in detection performance.
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3,353
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Please write an abstract with title: Finite-Time Approximation-Free Attitude Control of Quadrotors: Theory and Experiments, and key words: Attitude control, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Convergence, Uncertainty, Backstepping, Stability analysis, Sliding mode control. Abstract: In this article, a novel finite-time approximation-free control scheme is proposed for the attitude tracking of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles. Prescribed performance functions are employed to transform the original attitude tracking problem into an alternative system stabilization problem. By incorporating a finite-time error compensation mechanism into the recursive control design, the finite-time error convergence, and singularity-free property can be guaranteed simultaneously. Compared with the existing approximation-based control schemes, the presented controller has a simple cascade proportional-like structure and less computational burden, and the coupling among the roll, pitch, and yaw dynamics can be successfully handled without requiring any model information or function approximations. With the proposed control scheme, the attitude tracking error can be retained within a prescribed boundary and converge into a sufficiently small region around origin in finite time. Extensive comparative experiments on a three degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) quadrotor platform are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
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3,354
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Please write an abstract with title: Myanmar Dialogue Act Recognition Using Bi-LSTM RNN, and key words: Support vector machines, Mathematical model, Logic gates, Hidden Markov models, Computer architecture, Recurrent neural networks, Microprocessors. Abstract: Spoken language understanding (SLU) is an essential element of any dialogue system to understand the language where dialogue act (DA) recognition is also critical aspects of pre-processing step for speech understanding and dialogue system. This paper proposes a deep learning-based DA model which use a deep recurrent neural network (RNN) with bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM). The model mainly consists of a word-encode layer, a Bi-LSTM layer, and a softmax layer. For corpus preparation, we collected and annotated a large dialog act annotation corpus, which is called MmTravel (Myanmar Travel) corpus, on travel domain human-human conversations dataset (consists of 80k utterances). This paper reports analysis and comparison of proposed model Bi-LSTM with RNN, LSTM, and baseline SVM model. Experiments on the dataset is shown that our proposed DA model performs better than our previous work, support vector machine (SVM) models, which achieve an improvement of more than 2% accuracy increase in classification on the dataset.
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Please write an abstract with title: Simultaneous Measurements of Capacitive Electrocardiogram and Ballistocardiogram Using In-Bed Fabric Sheet Electrode for Blood Pressure Estimation, and key words: Blood pressure, Biomedical monitoring, Electrodes, Correlation, Fuses, Manganese, Estimation. Abstract: We recently reported the possibility of the simultaneous measurement of capacitive electrocardiogram (cEGC) and capacitive ballistocardiogram (cBCG) using non-contact capacitive coupling systems in bed. However, the relations of the two measurements with blood pressure (BP) have not been elucidated and cBCG measurements were unstable. Therefore, in this study, we improved the electrode and circuit, and succeeded in stable simultaneous measurement of cECG and cBCG. Synchronous averaging was performed to confirm the similarity of the waveform to the reproducibility of cBCG. Valsalva test (VT) was performed on seven subjects, and four verification intervals were set after VT. Then, the estimated blood pressure value was calculated using the instantaneous heart rate as the time difference parameter. We examined the relationship between estimated systolic blood pressure (eSBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and observed a high positive correlation. cBCG contains components that are strongly related to BP. In the future, the electrode will be improved to measure cBCG at two points simultaneously at regular intervals to avoid shifting the Pulse Beat Arrival Time (PBAT) time axis. Further, in order to enhance the accuracy of blood pressure estimation, a change in the respiratory phase is incorporated into the estimation of the blood pressure value.
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Please write an abstract with title: Evolved Prevention Strategies for 6G Networks Through Stochastic Games and Reinforcement Learning, and key words: 6G, SDP, security strategies, reinforcement learning, RL. Abstract: In this letter, a method to find security strategies for intrusion prevention in a Software Defined Perimeter (SDP) enabled 6G network is demonstrated. These strategies are developed through reinforcement learning by modeling the interaction between an attacker and the network as a stochastic game. This derives an optimal policy which is tested in a multi-agent simulation. Utilizing the optimal strategies, the attacker has a 50% chance of gaining access to the network’s critical information in an SDP-disabled 6G network. Testing the same optimal strategies with an SDP-enabled 6G network, the probability of the attacker gaining access to the same information drops to 1%.
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Please write an abstract with title: User-aware centralized resource allocation in heterogeneous networks, and key words: Games, 5G mobile communication, Rats, Resource management, Quality of service, Linear programming, Satellite broadcasting. Abstract: In the last two years, in Europe, 5G networks and services proliferated. The integration of 5G networks with other radio access networks is considered one of the key enablers for matching the challenging 5G Quality of Service requirements. In particular, the integration with high throughput satellites promises to increase the network performances in terms of resilience and Quality of Service. The present work addresses this problem and presents a user-aware resource allocation methodology for heterogeneous networks. Said methodology is articulated in two-steps: at first, the Analytical Hierarchy Process is used for deciding the network over which traffic is steered and, then, a Cooperative Game for allocating resources within the network is set up. Simulations are presented for validating the proposed approach.
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3,358
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Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear Mechanical Modeling For Axial Compression Cantilever Macro-Fiber Composite Bimorph, and key words: Performance evaluation, Deformable models, Analytical models, Force, Estimation, Lead, Finite element analysis. Abstract: The traditional lead zirconate titanate ceramic (PZT) bimorph deformation is small, it is difficult to be used as MAV morphing wing actuator. Thus, a cantilever axial compression macro-fiber composite (MFC) bimorph is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the theoretical model and linear finite element method (FEM) model of MFC bimorph are established based on the homogenization parameters of MFC. The inactive part of MFC and nonlinear tensile stiffness of MFC are unconsidered in these models. Then, the nonlinear tensile stiffness of MFC is introduced into the FEM model of whole bimorph to obtain the deformation characteristics and design space. The result shows that the free end displacement of 12.7 mm can be achieved in the case of the driving voltage of 1440/-480V with the axial compressed force of 8 N, which is three times larger than the same bimorph without axial compressed force. The corresponding design space has been expanded three times.
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Please write an abstract with title: The impact of air gaps between needle and polymer on electrical treeing in needle-plane samples, and key words: Air gaps, Needles, Partial discharges, Discharges (electric), Temperature measurement, Electrodes, Polymers. Abstract: Electrical trees are widely grown in laboratories from metallic needle electrodes to enable the degradation process to proceed rapidly at voltages of ~10 kV AC. Here it is shown that cone-shaped air gaps may form at a needle tip, even when they are not visible optically. Using X-ray imaging techniques, samples with and without air gaps up to 55 μm long have been characterized. The presence of air gaps led to partial discharge (PD) patterns resembling void-discharges. Prior to tree initiation, discharge characteristics evolved with increased voltage increments and increased phase lag behind the applied voltage. These changes to PD characteristics reflect a change in the physical state of the air gap. Although samples with air gaps generally initiated trees quicker than those with no gap, PD activities did not appear to play a decisive role in tree initiation times. However, initial voids were found to have major impact on the subsequent tree growth. In samples with persistent pre-tree air-gap PDs, trees grew larger branchy structures with higher PD magnitudes. In addition, the PDs became more asymmetric between positive and negative half-cycles than occurred in samples with no air gaps. It is shown that understanding the interface between the needle and polymer at a micron scale is critical to interpretation of laboratory tree growth experiments.
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Please write an abstract with title: Fusion of Target and Shadow Regions for Improved SAR ATR, and key words: Synthetic aperture radar, Feature extraction, Radar polarimetry, Target recognition, Clutter, Radar imaging, Training. Abstract: Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems, which operate under a slant-viewing geometry, inevitably entail shadow regions in the resulting radar image. Such shadow profiles contain backprojected signatures of an object’s configuration as with target profiles; however, they are rarely utilized in current SAR-based recognition techniques. A major challenge in leveraging shadow information together lies in the intrinsic limitation of current single-pathway approaches, in which the target and shadow cannot be addressed simultaneously because of their incompatible domain properties. Hence, we herein propose novel solutions that enable the successful fusion of target and shadow regions within SAR for the first time. First, we devise new image preprocessing techniques specifically customized for shadows to compensate for their unique domain characteristics, which are distinct from the target. Second, we introduce a parallelized SAR processing mechanism such that a network can independently extract features oriented toward each conflicting modality. Third, adaptive fusion strategies are proposed for the optimal integration of features from each region while considering their relative significance layer by layer. Extensive experiments on public benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework allows a network to effectively employ shadow signatures and targets, thereby outperforming previous methods significantly for all setups.
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Please write an abstract with title: On the Secrecy-Reliability Performance Trade-off for NOMA-enabled 5G mmWave Networks, and key words: NOMA, Closed-form solutions, 5G mobile communication, Wireless networks, Simulation, Millimeter wave technology, Resource management. Abstract: The evolution of 5G wireless networks poses significant research challenges such as securing the user data, maintaining certain latency and reliability requirements etc. However, it can be challenging to simultaneously meet these performance requisites, which may lead to resort to a trade-off among different metrics. This paper investigates the secrecy-reliability performance trade-off (SRPT) for non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based millimeter wave (mmWave) networks. Herein, we consider two end-users, namely primary and secondary, which are served by an mmWave base station using downlink NOMA. Besides, a passive eavesdropper lying in the vicinity of these end-users attempts to intercept their legitimate message signals. For this set-up, we derive the closed-form expressions of the outage probability (OP) of a targeted end-user and intercept probability (IP) of the eavesdropper to analyze the SRPT of the system. We further propose a low-complexity average channel state information (CSI)-based power allocation strategy to improve the reliability of a targeted user while maintaining its information secrecy. Moreover, we obtain the condition under which NOMA guarantees superior secrecy performance than that of orthogonal multiple access (OMA) scheme. We corroborate our theoretical analysis via simulation results presented in terms of IP and OP.
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3,362
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Please write an abstract with title: A reciprocating canister superconducting magnetic separator, and key words: Magnetic separation, Superconducting magnets, Particle separators, Automatic control, Iron, Slurries, Laboratories, Boring, Helium, Magnetic circuits. Abstract: This paper describes a small scale Reciprocating Canister Superconducting Magnetic Separator (RCSMS) that has been used to reduce the iron and potassium levels from a slurry of coarse English Kaolin. The magnet was a 5T solenoidal laboratory superconducting magnet, with a 0.127m warm bore, cooled by a BOC TurBOCool helium liquifier operating as a closed circuit refrigerator. The RCSMS was fully automated, controlled by a sequential solid state controller, and operated successfully for the duration of the experimental program.
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3,363
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Please write an abstract with title: The network compute fabric – Advancing Digital Transformation with Ever-Present Service Continuity, and key words: Technological innovation, Digital transformation, Ecosystems, Distributed databases, Transforms, Cyber-physical systems, Fabrics. Abstract: In order to fully support emerging use cases such as the Internet of Senses [1], cyber-physical systems and connected intelligent machines [2], the foundation of future network platforms must be built on tight integration between reliable, deterministic connectivity and scalable, affordable and efficient processing capabilities. The result of this tight integration is what we call the network compute fabric.
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3,364
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Please write an abstract with title: Convexity Analysis and Linear Approximation of Voltage Magnitude - Power Injection Mapping for Distribution Systems with Unknown Parameters, and key words: Voltage measurement, Network topology, Simulation, Linear approximation, Smart meters, Topology, Optimization. Abstract: In many optimization problems for distribution systems, the operational constraints such as power flow equations and bus voltage constraints should be considered. A popular approach is to formulate the problem as a convex optimization problem assuming that the exact network parameters and topology are known. However, in most cases, the exact network parameters and topology are not known and difficult to infer. With the developments of automation and digitalization of the distribution power grid, smart meters provide abundant useful information and data, such as the injection power and bus voltage, etc., which can help us gain knowledge of the network. In this paper, an idea to linearly approximate the voltage magnitude - power injection mapping with known measurement data is proposed as an attempt to solve distribution system optimization problems with unknown parameters and topology. First, the convexity of the voltage magnitude - power injection mapping is analyzed, based on which the linear approximation of the mapping is proposed. Abundant tests validate the feasibility of the mapping linear approximation. Factors that may influence linearization effects are also investigated and the associated recommendation is provided.
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3,365
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Please write an abstract with title: Compact thermal models for electronic systems, and key words: Electronic packaging thermal management, Thermal resistance, Boundary conditions, Linear systems, Thermal management, Heat transfer, Constraint theory, Printed circuits, Thermal conductivity, Fluid dynamics. Abstract: Compact thermal models have been constructed for different levels in electronic systems with a variable degree of success. In this work first steps toward constructing a unifying theory are presented for linear systems giving general constraints on the form of the compact model that will ensure an adequate description of thermal systems. The theory is also used to study the completeness of the set of boundary conditions used to derive and/or validate thermal compact models.
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3,366
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Please write an abstract with title: Physicochemical and Heavy Metal Properties of Soil Samples in Waste Disposal Site, Suq Al-Shyokh, Iraq, and key words: Temperature measurement, Waste materials, Temperature, Pollution, Surface discharges, Soil measurements, Urban areas. Abstract: In a number of third-world nations, municipal solid waste (MSW) is deposited on the ground without treatment. The accumulation of heavy metals in the surrounding environment is one of the greatest difficulties, and there is evidence that the toxic substances included in MSW can produce a variety of adverse consequences in humans. At the landfill in Suq al-shyokh City, Iraq, research was done to see if there was a seasonal change in the impact of solid waste discharge on the soil. In the investigation, electrical conductivity of the soil, pH, and the presence of heavy metals in organic matter were all considered. Transect sampling was utilized to gather soil samples from the surface to a depth of 20 centimeters at distances of 10, 30, and 60 meters from the perimeter of the landfills. Soil samples from the Suq al-shyokh dump sites have the nature of silty loam, have little organic matter, and are severely salinized. Increases in soil temperature decreased the soil's capilliary force, causing seasonal variations in the concentrations of specific chemical characteristics. During the two seasons, the average soil pH was 7.26, which is slightly alkaline, and 7.18, which is slightly acidic. Average EC measurements for both seasons revealed an increase in salt concentration (4.80 and 5.4). At the Al-Nasiriyah disposal site, soil physiochemical studies found an alarming upward trend in the vertical distribution of Pb, Cr, Cu, and Cd, which is indicative of the region's high pollution levels. The research revealed that heavy metal contamination of soil endangers the ecology and human health by contaminating groundwater supplies through the food chain.
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3,367
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Please write an abstract with title: A Real-time Emotion Recognition System Based on an AI System-On-Chip Design, and key words: Emotion recognition, Neural networks, Real-time systems, Electroencephalography, System-on-chip, Artificial intelligence, Biomedical monitoring. Abstract: In this paper, we developed and integrated a realtime emotion recognition system using an AI system-on-chip design. The emotion recognition platform combined three different physiological signals, Electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and photoplethysmogram (PPG) as the classification resources. A 3-to-1 Bluetooth piconet was deployed to transmit all physiological signals on a single platform access point and to make use of low power wireless technologies. The system then integrated an AI computing chip with a convolution neural network (CNN) structure to classify three emotions, happiness, anger, and sadness. The average accuracy for a subject-independent classification reached 72.66%. The proposed system was integrated with the RISC-V processor and AI SOC to implement real-time monitoring and classification on edge.
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3,368
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Please write an abstract with title: A nested invocation suppression mechanism for active replication fault-tolerant CORBA, and key words: Fault tolerance, Yarn, Kernel, Operating systems, Buildings, Application software, Multithreading, Automatic control, Control systems, Middleware. Abstract: Active replication is a common approach to building highly available and reliable distributed software applications. The redundant nested invocation (RNI) problem arises when servers in a replicated group issues nested invocations to other server groups in response to a client invocation. Automatic suppression of RNI is always a desirable solution, yet it is usually a difficult design issue. If the system has multithreading (MT) support, the difficulties of implementation increase dramatically. Intuitively, to design a deterministic thread execution control mechanism is a possible approach. Unfortunately, some modern operating systems implement threads on the kernel level for execution fairness. For the kernel thread case, modification on thread control implies modifying the operating system kernel. This approach loses system portability which is one of the important requirements of CORBA or middleware. In this work, we propose a mechanism to perform the auto-suppression of redundant nested invocation in an active replication fault-tolerant (FT) CORBA system. Besides the mechanism design, we discuss the design correctness semantic and the correctness proof of our design.
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3,369
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Please write an abstract with title: An Experimental Evaluation and Characterization of VoIP Over an LTE-A Network, and key words: Long Term Evolution, Quality of service, Codecs, Jitter, Quality of experience, Delays. Abstract: Mobile telecommunications are converging towards all-IP solutions. This is the case of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology that, having no circuit-switched bearer to support voice traffic, needs a dedicated VoIP infrastructure, which often relies on the IP Multimedia Subsystem architecture. Most telecom operators implement LTE-A, an advanced version of LTE often marketed as 4G+, which achieves data rate peaks of 300 Mbps. Yet, although such novel technology boosts the access to advanced multimedia contents and services, telco operators continue to consider the VoIP market as the major revenue for their business. In this work, the authors propose a detailed performance assessment of VoIP traffic by carrying out experimental trials across a real LTE-A environment. The experimental campaign consists of two stages. First, we characterize VoIP calls between fixed and mobile terminals, based on a data-set that includes more than 750,000 data-voice packets. We analyze quality-of-service metrics such as round-trip time (RTT) and jitter, to capture the influence of uncontrolled factors that typically appear in real-world settings. In the second stage, we further consider VoIP flows across a range of codecs, looking at the trade-offs between quality and bandwidth consumption. Moreover, we propose a statistical characterization of jitter and RTT (representing the most critical parameters), identifying the optimal approximating distribution, namely the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV). The estimation of parameters through the Maximum Likelihood criterion, leads us to reveal both the short- and long-tail behaviour for jitter and RTT, respectively.
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3,370
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Please write an abstract with title: Virtual Synchronous Generator with Limited Current – Impact on System Transient Stability and Its Mitigation, and key words: Circuit faults, Stability analysis, Transient analysis, Circuit stability, Power system stability, Acceleration, Power generation. Abstract: Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control allows renewable energy sources to behave like traditional synchronous generators under grid disturbances. Under large disturbances, due to the limitation of output current from grid interfacing power electronic converters, VSG controlled sources may output less active power than the emulated SG. Analysis of a single machine infinite bus system shows that the limited current would impair the system transient stability by increasing the acceleration area during a short circuit fault, and decreasing the deceleration area after it. A mitigation method is then proposed to compensate the negative impacts. Experiments with an emulated downscaled multiple machine system are shown to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.
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3,371
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Please write an abstract with title: The Impact of WARC-79 on Space Applications, and key words: Radio spectrum management, Earth, Satellite broadcasting, Extraterrestrial measurements, Frequency measurement, Interference, Space vehicles, Planetary orbits, Relays, Meteorology. Abstract: Prior to the 1979 World Administrative Radio Conference (WARC-79), no frequency bands were allocated for remotesensing measurements. Actions taken by the WARC insure that frequencies will be available for such use, and that operations can be conducted without harmful interference on a worldwide basis for the benefit of all nations. Allocations employed for transfer of scientific data from spacecraft in all regions of space from near-Earth orbit to deep-space planetary ranges were significantly improved. New global allocations for Earth exploration-satellites will permit worldwide acquisition of Earth exploration data both via direct transmission and via relay satellites. New allocations for meteorological satellite data transmission will permit wide-band applications such as direct reception of highresolution picture data by users. Satellite-aided search and rescue systems will benefit from WARC decisions to allocate frequencies exclusively for emergency radiobeacon systems using space techniques. Bands to provide links between the satellite and Earth were designated for distress and safety operations. Time and frequency services with accuracies in the 10- to 50-ps range, needed to meet future system requirements for precise time and frequency information, will be possible because of WARC actions to allocate frequency bands with suitable bandwidth for these services. The search for communications from extraterrestrial intelligence was afforded a degree of protection near several spectral lines of basic physical interest.
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3,372
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Please write an abstract with title: IoT enabled Primary Skin Cancer Prediction Using Pigmented Lesions, and key words: Image segmentation, Cloud computing, Toxicology, Clustering algorithms, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Skin is widely used in many medical fields. The tumor pandemic drastically influences the health and well-being of the global population. In afterward days, Web of Things, Cloud Computing, Significant learning, Machine learning and Fake Experiences are a rising advancement to disentangle combination of real-world issues. This asks around work concentrates on progressing the prosperity care computations and dealing with. In this proposed methodology, a clustering approach is performed. The extracted image of the brain cannot be directly used for diagnosis. The captured image contains disturbances like noise, blurred image etc. To get a high-quality image from extracted panoramic. It shows the infected region of the skin accurately. Before performing partitioning, the extracted image must be preprocessed to clear out the disturbances in the image. This processed image helps the dentist for good prediction. It gives a framework to progress the execution of the existing prosperity care industry over the globe. As the full restorative data must be saved in cloud, the routine helpful treatment imprisonments can be overcome.
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3,373
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Please write an abstract with title: Time-Dependent Performance Modeling for Platooning Communications at Intersection, and key words: Analytical models, Delays, Internet of Things, Vehicular ad hoc networks, Safety, Markov processes, Autonomous vehicles. Abstract: With the development of Internet of Vehicles, the platooning strategy has been widely studied as the potential approach to ensure the safety of autonomous driving. Vehicles in the form of platoon adopt 802.11p to exchange messages through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. When multiple platoons arrive at an intersection, the leader vehicle of each platoon adjusts its movement characteristics to ensure that it can cross the intersection, and thus the following vehicles have to adjust their movement characteristics accordingly. In this case, the time-varying connectivity among vehicles leads to the significant nonstationary performance change in platooning communications, which may incur safety issues. In this article, we construct the time-dependent model to evaluate the platooning communication performance at the intersection based on the initial movement characteristics. We first consider the movement behaviors of vehicles at the intersection, including turning, accelerating, decelerating, and stopping as well as the periodic change of traffic lights to construct a movement model and then establish a hearing network to reflect the time-varying connectivity among vehicles. Afterward, we adopt the pointwise stationary fluid flow approximation (PSFFA) to model the nonstationary behavior of the transmission queue. Then, we consider four access categories (ACs) and continuous backoff freezing of 802.11p to construct the models to describe the time-dependent access process of 802.11p. Finally, based on the time-dependent model, the packet transmission delay (PTD) and packet delivery ratio (PDR) are derived. The accuracy of our proposed model is verified by comparing the simulation results with analytical results.
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3,374
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Please write an abstract with title: Frequency tracking to maximum power of piezoelectric transformer HV converters under load variations, and key words: Frequency conversion, Load management, Voltage, Power transformer insulation, Insulation life, Resonance, Equivalent circuits, Phase locked loops, Frequency measurement, Diodes. Abstract: The problem of maximum power point tracking of high output DC voltage converters that apply piezoelectric transformers (PT) and voltage doublers was studied theoretically and experimentally. It was shown that the operating frequency of the PT, at which maximum voltage gain is reached, is a function of the load. Hence, under load variations, and to overcome parameters instability, there is a need for some mechanism of frequency tracking that will help to lock the operating frequency to the optimum one. The proposed method to achieve frequency tracking is based on a phase locked loop (PLL). The PLL inputs are the phase of the input voltage driving the PT and the phase of the current flowing through one of the voltage doubler diodes. Theoretical analysis, verified by experiments, shows that when the phase shift of the diode current relative the phase of the input voltage is zero, the voltage gain of the system is at its maximum point. By applying this approach, the system operation can be made independent on input voltage, load variations, temperature (within permitted range), and the spread and nonlinearity of the PT parameters, as well their drift with time.
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3,375
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Please write an abstract with title: Gaussian noise elimination in colour images by vector-connected filters, and key words: Gaussian noise, Colored noise, Filters, Lattices, Morphology, Image processing, Color, Noise reduction, Gas insulated transmission lines, Physics. Abstract: This paper deals with the use of vector-connected filters for eliminating Gaussian noise in colour images. This class of morphological filters suppresses noise but preserves the contours of the objects. We impose a total order between pixels for morphological processing. Once the HSI space has been adapted, we employ it in the lexicographical order. As such, all of the morphological operations are vectorial. After having defined the vectorial geodesic operators, they are then employed to eliminate Gaussian noise.
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3,376
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Please write an abstract with title: CUA Loss: Class Uncertainty-Aware Gradient Modulation for Robust Object Detection, and key words: Detectors, Uncertainty, Training, Object detection, Automobiles, Feature extraction, Task analysis. Abstract: Recently, a wide range of research on object detection has shown breakthrough performance. However, in a challenging environment, such as occlusion and small object cases, object detectors still produce inaccurate or erroneous predictions. To effectively cope with such conditions, most of the existing methods have suggested loss functions to guide the object detectors by modulating the magnitude of their loss. However, when modulating the loss function, they are highly dependent on the classification score of the object detector. It is a known fact that deep neural networks tend to be overconfident in their predictions. In this article, to alleviate the problem of the object detectors which heavily rely on the prediction in the training phase, we devise a novel loss function called class uncertainty-aware (CUA) loss. CUA loss considers the predictive ambiguity as well as the predictions on classification score when modulating loss function. In addition to the classification score, CUA loss further modulates the loss gradient in an increasing way when the object detectors output an uncertain prediction. Therefore, object detectors with CUA loss effectively cope with challenging environments where prediction results are uncertain. With comprehensive experiments on three public datasets (i.e. PASCAL VOC, MS COCO, and Berkeley DeepDrive), we verified that our CUA loss enhanced the accuracy of the object detectors and outperformed previous state-of-the-art loss functions.
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3,377
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Please write an abstract with title: Performance evaluation of commodity iSCSI-based storage systems, and key words: Buildings, Network servers, Kernel, System performance, Personal communication networks, Ethernet networks, Instruments, Linux, Performance analysis, Next generation networking. Abstract: iSCSI is proposed as a possible solution to building future storage systems. However, using iSCSI raises numerous questions about its implications on system performance. This lack of understanding of system I/O behavior in modern and future systems inhibits providing solutions at the architectural and system levels. Our main goals in this work are to understand the behavior of the application server (iSCSI initiator), to evaluate the overhead introduced by iSCSI compared to systems with directly-attached storage, and to provide insight about how future storage systems may be improved. We examine these questions in the context of commodity iSCSI systems that can benefit most from using iSCSI. We use commodity PCs with several disks as storage nodes and a Gigabit Ethernet network as the storage network. On the application server side we use a broad range of benchmarks and applications to evaluate the impact of iSCSI on application and server performance. We instrument the Linux kernel to provide detailed information about I/O activity and the various overheads of kernel I/O layers. Our analysis reveals how iSCSI affects application performance and shows that building next generation, network-based I/O architectures, requires optimizing I/O latency, reducing network and buffer cache related processing in the host CPU, and increasing the sheer network bandwidth to account for consolidation of different types of traffic.
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3,378
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Please write an abstract with title: Impact of photodetector nonlinearities on photonic analog-to-digital converters, and key words: Photodetectors, Analog-digital conversion, PIN photodiodes, Bandwidth, Wavelength measurement, Pulse measurements, Delay, Microwave devices, Optical pulses, Electrooptical waveguides. Abstract: Summary from only given. Photodetector nonlinearities can limit the performance of high-dynamic-range analog optical systems. For systems that use short optical pulses to process or transmit analog information, this limitation is magnified due to the higher peak intensity at the photodetector input. In this paper, we examine the trade-off between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and linearity in optically sampled analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) due to saturation of the photodetector responsivity.
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3,379
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Please write an abstract with title: Multivariable Extremum Seeking for PDE Dynamic Systems, and key words: Convergence, Diffusion processes, Trajectory, Stability analysis, Actuators, Perturbation methods, Dynamical systems. Abstract: In this article, we address the design and analysis of multivariable Newton-based extremum seeking (ES) for static locally quadratic maps subject to actuation dynamics governed by diffusion partial differential equations (PDEs). Multi-input systems with distinct diffusion coefficients in each individual input channel are dealt with. The phase compensation of the dither signals is handled as a trajectory generation problem and the inclusion of a multivariable diffusion feedback controller with a perturbation-based (averaging-based) estimate of the Hessian's inverse allow to obtain local exponential convergence results to a small neighborhood of the optimal point. The stability analysis is carried out using backstepping transformation and averaging in infinite dimensions, capturing the infinite-dimensional state due the diffusion PDEs. In addition, the generalization of the results for different classes of parabolic (reaction-advection-diffusion) PDEs, wave equations and/or first-order hyperbolic (transport-dominated) PDEs is also discussed. As for ordinary differential equations case, the proposed Newton approach removes the dependence of the algorithm's convergence rate on the unknown Hessian of the nonlinear map to be optimized, being user-assignable unlike the gradient algorithm. A numerical example illustrates the performance of our multivariable ES for compensating PDE-based systems.
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3,380
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Please write an abstract with title: Radiation Pressure Laser Power Meter for Industrial Laser Machining, and key words: Measurement by laser beam, Power lasers, Power measurement, Laser beams, Meters, Mirrors, Monitoring. Abstract: Demonstration and validation of a linear radiation pressure-based high-power laser power meter is presented. To date, this device is the most promising real-time, absolute power meter for laser material processing where power monitoring is crucial.
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3,381
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Please write an abstract with title: AESS Senior Members Elevated in 2021, and key words: Awards. Abstract: Presents a listing of AESS members who were elevated to the status of IEEE Senior Member in 2021.
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3,382
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Please write an abstract with title: Massive MIMO Un-Sourced Random Access with Dynamic User Activity, and key words: Transmitters, Computer simulation, Massive MIMO, MIMO, Decoding, Compressed sensing. Abstract: In this paper, the massive multiple-input multiple-output un-sourced random access (URA) with dynamic user activity (DUA) is studied. The transmission frame consists of multiple blocks, and here DUA means that active users are block synchronous other than frame synchronous, i.e., the user activity is dynamic in different blocks of the same frame. To implement the URA with DUA, a multiple-codebook-aided concatenated scheme consisted of outer tree code and inner compressed sensing (CS) code is proposed. Concretely, four CS codebooks with same size are employed in inner CS code design to adapt to five typical transmit patterns in URA with DUA. Moreover, a modified tree decoding is presented to stitch the transmit information sequences of dynamic users. Finally, computer simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
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3,383
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Please write an abstract with title: Methods of control of three phase AC/DC converter with bilateral energy exchange, and key words: Resistance, AC-DC power converters, Regulators, Voltage measurement, Energy exchange, Time measurement, Mathematical model. Abstract: In this paper a model of three phase AC/DC converter with bilateral energy exchange is presented. A mathematical description of a AC/DC converter is examined, synthesized simulation model in Matlab/Simulink and are reviewed the advantages of control by relay regulators of the current.
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3,384
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Please write an abstract with title: Hyperbolic time-frequency power spectrum, and key words: Time frequency analysis, Kernel, Signal processing, Application software, Signal detection, Parallel processing, Autocorrelation, Power engineering computing, Power engineering and energy, Wavelet analysis. Abstract: A new hyperbolic kernel and hyperbolic wavelet are presented along with their applications in signal detection and signal analysis. Comparisons are made between the hyperbolic kernel and highly-regarded Choi-Williams kernel. Applications of the hyperbolic kernel are outlined. Parallel computing is used to calculate the bispectrum and time-frequency power spectrum with encouraging results. Up-to-date applications of time-frequency power spectra are discussed.
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3,385
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Please write an abstract with title: Fault detection in fivephase permanent magnet synchronous machine affected by inter-turn short circuits, and key words: Mathematical model, Circuit faults, Stators, Integrated circuit modeling, Permanent magnet machines, Synchronous machines, Spectral analysis. Abstract: Three phase synchronous machines are widely used in industrial systems. The development of these systems conducts to new applications that need more power. Therefore, three phases become insufficient and the use of machines with more phases, called multi-phase machines, is very necessary. These multiphase machines are affected by several defects. In this study, we propose a faulty model of a five-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine (FPPMSM) in the presence of inter-turns short-circuit defect using the method of the Coupled Magnetic Circuit (CMC). The effects of the fault are observed through the investigation of electrical and mechanical quantities obtained from the resolution of the differential equation with the Rung Kutta-4 method. In order to verify the model, a spectral analysis of the stator currents is carried out to detect the frequency signature of the inter-turns short-circuit fault.
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3,386
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Please write an abstract with title: Metadata Versioning of Data Vault Data Warehouse, and key words: Technical requirements, Industries, Scalability, Conferences, Metadata, Data warehouses, Detection algorithms. Abstract: After three decades of development, data warehouse has been generally accepted by the industry, but the technical implementation defects and requirements such as scalability have led to the evolution of its data architecture. Data Vault provides coordinated management of multiple data areas and multiple datasets, which better meets the technical requirements of data warehouses, and makes the corresponding metadata version management an important research issue. Firstly, various entity conceptual models and metadata version management requirements in the Data Vault architecture are described, and then a meta-model for metadata version management is proposed to support expression, controlling and comparison of version evolution. Finally, based on this metamodel, a structural integrity detection algorithm is discussed to verify the ability of the metamodel to maintain metadata consistency.
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3,387
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Please write an abstract with title: Broadband Balanced Homodyne Detector for High-Rate (>10 Gb/s) Vacuum-Noise Quantum Random Number Generation, and key words: Elementary particle vacuum, Europe, Receivers, Detectors, Bandwidth, Optical variables measurement, NIST. Abstract: We demonstrate a die-level balanced homodyne detector with a high quantum-to-classical noise clearance of 19.1dB over 3GHz bandwidth. We evaluate this receiver as a high-quality entropy source for random number generation at >10Gb/s and prove the functional integration of a classical 10Gb/s duobinary communication channel.
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3,388
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Please write an abstract with title: Obituaries [John Weber Carr, Joan Elizabeth Lowtner Clarke Murrey, and T. Vincent Learson], and key words: Obituaries, Carr, John Weber, Murrey, Joan Elizabeth Lowtner Clarke, Learson, T. Vincent. Abstract: Presents the obituaries for John Weber Carr, Joan Elizabeth Lowtner Clarke Murrey, and T. Vincent Learson.
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3,389
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Please write an abstract with title: Bird Song Recognition Based on Deep Transfer Learning with XGBoost, and key words: Time-frequency analysis, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Image recognition, Transfer learning, Transforms, Feature extraction. Abstract: Due to the influence of many factors such as geography, environment, body size and age, the performance of bird song classification depends heavily on the effectiveness of extracting differentiated features from the audio signal and building efficient audio classifier. In this paper, we first calculate delta and delta-delta for log-Mel spectrogram (log-Mels) to form 3-dimensional (3D) time-frequency spectrogram based on log-Mels not only preserves species differentiation but also reduces the influence of bird song-independent factors in the actual scene. Second, we propose a novel audio classifier based on deep transfer learning combining VGG16 with XGBoost. Specifically, the pre-trained VGG16 is fine-tuned and retrained, and the retrained VGG16 is used to extract high-level implicit features of the 3D time-frequency spectrogram based on log-Mels, and the extracted high-level implicit features are re-described and mapped to bird species using the XGBoost model. Experimental results on BirdsData based on real natural scenes show the proposed method effectively break through the limitations of complex environments and achieve an accuracy of 95.13% on the test set.
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3,390
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Please write an abstract with title: Some novel results on 1D and 2D sequences with zero correlation zone, and key words: Autocorrelation, Antenna arrays, Costs, Radar, Navigation, Channel estimation, Multiaccess communication, Multiple access interference, Interference elimination, Iterative methods. Abstract: For one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) binary, ternary and polyphase sequence set with zero correlation zone (ZCZ), generalized methods of extension of family size are proposed at the cost of decreasing width of ZCZ, based on left shift operator or chip shift operator. Enlarged family size will multiply the original size in keeping with the reduction of width of ZCZ. These approaches can satisfy systems requirement to sequence set with large family size in communications, radar and navigation systems. In addition, lower bounds for 2D sequences with ZCZ or low correlation zone (LCZ) are presented as well.
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3,391
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Please write an abstract with title: Modeling the intrinsic inductance of embedded capacitors, and key words: Inductance, Capacitors, Magnetic fields, Paramagnetic resonance, Electromagnetic fields, Equations, Manufacturing, Radio frequency, Magnetic analysis, Impedance. Abstract: Embedded capacitors are used in digital as well as RF devices. This paper shows that, in modeling such capacitors in the gigahertz frequency range, it is necessary to consider the inductances associated with the internal magnetic field distributions. Analytical formulas for the inductances in a two-terminal, circular, embedded capacitor are derived. The impedance from the capacitor model with the derived inductances is compared to that from a full wave field solver, and a very good agreement is observed up to a few GHz.
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3,392
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Please write an abstract with title: Tuberculosis Detection based on Chest X-Rays using Ensemble Method with CNN Feature Extraction, and key words: Radio frequency, Infectious diseases, Training data, Lung, Feature extraction, Convolutional neural networks, Public healthcare. Abstract: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease which mostly attacks human lungs and has become a public health problem because the disease is easily transmitted. According to global estimation in 2019, 10 million people suffer from tuberculosis which results in 1.2 million deaths. However, this high mortality rate could be prevented by early detection. Among the several examinations performed to detect tuberculosis, chest x-rays are widely used for screening and early detection. Also, advanced technology such as machine learning and deep learning helps to improve early detection by automatically classifying the presence of disease through medical images. In this study, the combinations of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) feature extraction and ensemble method classifiers, such as Random Forest (RF) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), were proposed to classify chest x-ray images into two classes, namely tuberculosis and normal. Using Kaggle Tuberculosis Chest X-Ray Database, CNN-RF model provided the best accuracy and AUC results of 98.667% and 99.933% respectively, while the CNN-XGBoost gave the best results of 98.367% and 99.866 respectively. Both models provided the best performance results, but the accuracy and AUC values of CNN-RF are better than the CNN-XGBoost in classifying tuberculosis based on chest x-ray images.
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3,393
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Please write an abstract with title: Dispersion-guided and bandgap-guided resonances in semiconductor waveguide-coupled hexagonal photonic-crystal-embedded microcavities, and key words: Resonance, Semiconductor waveguides, Photonic band gap, Microcavities, Optical waveguides, Frequency, Finite difference methods, Time domain analysis, Lattices, Microstructure. Abstract: We report dispersion-guided resonances and bandgap-guided resonances in semiconductor waveguide-coupled hexagonal photonic-crystal-embedded microcavities. Our two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations reveal highly efficient coupled high-Q resonances in both types of resonances.
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3,394
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Please write an abstract with title: On-chip analog floating-gate array programming in a submicron standard CMOS process using high voltage charge pumps, and key words: CMOS process, Voltage, Charge pumps, Switches, Circuits, Clocks, Decoding, Schottky diodes, MOS devices, CMOS technology. Abstract: This paper presents a novel design of on-chip programming for floating-gate arrays in a 0.5 /spl mu/m standard CMOS N-well double poly process. Described in this paper is the complete design for integrating on chip the floating-gate programming infrastructure for programming a 10/spl times/10 array: electron injection and tunneling charge pumps, on-chip clock, and all interfacing circuitry to the array and pads. The three stage high voltage charge pump (HVCP) is utilized to modulate electron injection and six stage Schottky charge pumps (SCHCP) are utilized to modulate tunneling. Experimental results of hot-electron injection and electron tunneling for a floating-gate element are presented as well as simulation results for the critical interfacing circuitry and for the on-chip clock.
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3,395
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Please write an abstract with title: A Lightweight Model for Falling Detection, and key words: Pediatrics, Costs, Computational modeling, Senior citizens, Vision sensors, Real-time systems, Fall detection. Abstract: In human activities life, accidental falls are a frequent occurrence. It can happen in children, the elderly, and even adults. Early detection of human falls is the most effective way to avoid the high risk of loss of self-control, death, or injury in humans. This means also reducing the national health system’s cost. Therefore research and development of fall detection and rescue systems are needed. Currently, the fall detection system is mainly based on wearable sensors, ambient, and vision sensors. Each method has certain advantages and limitations. The previous works usually focused on size while the speed was not often considered. Therefore, studies that aim to propose a lightweight model for Fall Detection with less complexity of memory and processing time but having reasonable accuracy are still potential. A 3-dimensional lightweight model has been proposed based on MobileNet architecture for falling detection in this paper.
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3,396
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Please write an abstract with title: Comparison Between Adaptive Extended Kalman Filters for INS Accurate Fine Alignment Process, and key words: Navigation, Noise measurement, Time measurement, Accelerometers, Velocity measurement, Motion measurement, Kalman filters. Abstract: The fine alignment process is aimed to reduce initial attitude and inertial sensors errors before system operation. Such process is critical for the navigation solution accuracy, in particular, for situations of pure inertial navigation. In this paper, we compare different types of adaptive extended Kalman filters for a scenario of velocity aided fine alignment. Results show that a proper choice of an adaptive filter in the alignment process can greatly improve the accuracy of the navigation error-states. As a result, the time duration of the fine alignment process can be shortened.
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3,397
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Please write an abstract with title: A Nonlinear Activated ZNN Model for Real-time Solution of Time-Varying Sylvester Equation, and key words: Automation, Simulation, Neural networks, Real-time systems, Software, Hardware, Mathematical model. Abstract: This paper designs a nonlinear activated zeroing neural network (ZNN) to deal with time-varying Sylvester equation problems. The essence of the proposed approach is to use the new activation function, which can greatly enhance its efficiency and accuracy. Unlike the traditional activation function, the proposed activation function can enable ZNN to obtain finite-time convergent capability, which outperforms most of the existing activation functions. Based on MATLAB software, the novel model is employed for the real-time solution of the time-varying equation, and the effectiveness of the proposed approaches is verified. And some specific experiment results illustrate the ascendency of the novel nonlinear activated ZNN.
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3,398
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Please write an abstract with title: Surface Determination by Photometric Ranging, and key words: Photometry, Surface reconstruction, Image reconstruction, Shape, Cameras, Lighting, Volume measurement, Solid modeling, Geometry, Calibration. Abstract: We describe a method for recovering the three dimensional shape of a surface, using multiple images from a single camera, closely related to "light field reconstruction" described by Magda et al. A volume array of switchable illuminators is used to obtain a set of images that are used for the reconstruction. Unlike photometric stereo, where the illumination is assumed to be homogeneous, we exploit the inverse-square-law falloff of intensity with the distance between the illuminator and the surface. By placing illuminators at a variety of distances from the measurement volume, a direct estimate of surface range can be obtained, in addition to surface normal estimates obtained as in photometric stereo. We discuss solution methods and present simulation results for a few simple geometries. Aspects of illuminator design and calibration are also considered.
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3,399
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Please write an abstract with title: Proportional Resonant Controller For Semi Converter Three PhaseVSI Fed Induction Motor Drive to Enhance Time Responce, and key words: Semi converter, proportional integral(PI), Fractional order proportional integral derivative(FOPID), Proportional resonant(PR) controller, Induction Motor Drive. Abstract: This effort deals with closed loop Semi Converter Three Phase Induction Motor Drive(SCTPIMD) using proportional integral(PI), Fractional order proportional integral derivative(FOPID) and Proportional resonant(PR) controller. This effort proposes PR controller for SCTPIMD. To create closed loop semi converter with three phase induction motor drive with enhanced dynamic response, PI,FOPID& PR controlled TPIMD systems are composed and simulated using MATLAB. The operation & simulation results of SCTPIMD are examined. The simulation consequences of PI, FOPID& PR controlled SCTPIMD systems are analyzed interims of time domain parameters and comparison table has been exhibited. The outcomes show that the reaction with PR is better compared with the PI and FOPID controlled SCTPIMD systems.
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