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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of the Impact of Artificial Networks in System-level EMC Tests, and key words: Radio frequency, Uncertainty, Bandwidth, Voltage, Electromagnetic compatibility, Reproducibility of results, Scattering parameters. Abstract: The impedance of an Off-The-Shelf Artificial Net-work (OTS-AN) and a custom made High-Frequency Artificial Network (HF-AN) were analysed and compared. It is showed that in order to meet the requirements of automotive standards, such as Bulk Current Injection (BCI) from ISO 11452–4 as well as both Conducted and Radiated Emissions (CE, RE) from CISPR 25, the HF-AN is needed. System-level circuit simulations were run using S-parameters for quantifying the impact of these two models in the previously mentioned EMC tests. Above 50 MHz, up to 3.5 dB and 4.3 dB differences were found on the transfer-impedance of CE and in the Common-Mode to Differential-Mode conversion of BCI, respectively. On the other hand, in RE the OTS-AN leaded to an overestimation of the emission profile in the 300 MHz and 800 MHz band as high as 5.3 dB. Besides that, it is showed that the OTS-AN behaves as a source of non-constant uncertainty, specially above 50 MHz. Finally, the issues in terms of reproducibility, repeatability and accuracy that arise from the non-RF connectors in the OTS-AN are discussed and a metric for test-bench comparison and validation is proposed.
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3,401
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Nurse’s Reflection on Success or Failure of Blood Withdrawal by Vein Types, and key words: Veins, Education, Medical services, Reflection, Informatics, Blood, Blood flow. Abstract: We will use the visualized knowledge to support nursing education. Therefore, we asked 19 clinical nurses to practice a blood withdrawal technique using simulator models of four types for blood veins with different difficulty levels. In this study, to analyze nurses' reflection, we interviewed what the nurses had thought on the factors determining success and failure in drawing blood. Based on the results, we qualitatively analyzed their state of thinking in practicing the technique.
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3,402
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Please write an abstract with title: Simplified stability tests for delay-differential systems, and key words: Stability, System testing, Delay systems, Circuits and systems, Filters, Switching circuits, Electrons, Polynomials, Australia. Abstract: The task of checking that the zeros of a prescribed real exponential polynomial all have negative real part arises in examining the stability of delay-differential systems. We describe new tests which are akin to the reduced order Hermite, reduced Markov, and Liénard-Chipart stability tests for ordinary real polynomials.
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3,403
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Please write an abstract with title: Proselytizing pervasive computing education: a strategy and approach influenced by human-computer interaction, and key words: Pervasive computing, Computer science, Human computer interaction, Computer science education, Design engineering, Prototypes, Programming profession, Computer architecture, Software engineering, Educational institutions. Abstract: A course on pervasive computing should be structured around key functions throughout a systems development process to cover common underlying concerns throughout science and engineering disciplines - development of design rationale, prototyping, evaluation, and component reuse. However, broader considerations of usage context and appreciation for research and methodological contributions from other disciplines must be strongly factored into course planning. To achieve both goals, we suggest learning objectives, a general strategy and approach using case-based learning.
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3,404
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Please write an abstract with title: The output power of a 6328-Å He-Ne gas laser, and key words: Power generation, Gas lasers, Power lasers, Laser theory, Laser modes, Atomic beams, Atomic measurements, Power measurement, Gain measurement, Loss measurement. Abstract: Expressions are derived for the output power of a gas laser in single-mode operation. This theory is then extended to multimode operation where the mode spacing is less than the pressure-broadened "natural" atomic linewidth. Using measured values for the linewidth and saturation parameters, these formulas are used to predict 6328-Å output power for a He-Ne laser as a function of laser gain, cavity loss, and output coupling. Experiments are reported which show good agreement with the theoretical predictions, and it is concluded that the theory presented here is adequate to describe the main features of the power output behavior of a 6328-Å He-Ne gas laser.
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3,405
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Please write an abstract with title: GOLD - Graduates of the Last Decade - IEEE online, and key words: Gold. Abstract: Advertisement: IEEE.
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3,406
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Please write an abstract with title: Robust optimization in support vector machine training with bounded errors, and key words: Support vector machines, Mathematical model, Support vector machine classification, Uncertainty, Mathematical programming, Robust stability, Noise robustness, Least squares approximation, Industrial training, Laboratories. Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the stability of the linear programming Support Vector Machine (LP-SVM) solution under bounded perturbations of the input data using a robust optimization model. Preliminary experimental results are presented for toy and real world data.
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3,407
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Please write an abstract with title: Performance evaluation of MPEG-4 video over realistic EDGE wireless networks, and key words: MPEG 4 Standard, Wireless networks, Streaming media, Ground penetrating radar, GSM, Cellular networks, Telecommunication traffic, Interference, Protocols, Radio link. Abstract: This paper examines the performance of the delivery of MPEG-4 video over a realistically emulated EDGE (Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution) wireless network. The video delivery system is based on MPEG-4 video simple profile and on the IETF protocols RTSP, RTP, and RTCP for the media delivery and synchronization in compliance with the 3GPP specifications for packet streaming services (PSS). The EDGE network emulator is based on a well-verified Markov chain model. The effect of the different EDGE network parameters is evaluated in terms of video quality.
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3,408
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Please write an abstract with title: A Partial Label-Based Machine Learning Approach For Cervical Whole-Slide Image Classification: The Winning TissueNet Solution, and key words: Technological innovation, Pathology, Annotations, Pipelines, Biopsy, Tools, Predictive models. Abstract: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. To determine early treatment for patients, it is critical to accurately classify the cervical intraepithelial lesion status based on a microscopic biopsy. Lesion classification is a 4-class problem, with biopsies being designated as benign or increasingly malignant as class 1-3, with 3 being invasive cancer. Unfortunately, traditional biopsy analysis by a pathologist is time-consuming and subject to intra- and inter-observer variability. For this reason, it is of interest to develop automatic analysis pipelines to classify lesion status directly from a digitalized whole slide image (WSI). The recent TissueNet Challenge was organized to find the best automatic detection pipeline for this task, using a dataset of 1015 annotated WSI slides. In this work, we present our winning end-to-end solution for cervical slide classification composed of a two-step classification model: First, we classify individual slide patches using an ensemble CNN, followed by an SVM-based slide classification using statistical features of the aggregated patch-level predictions. Importantly, we present the key innovation of our approach, which is a novel partial label-based loss function that allows us to supplement the supervised WSI patch annotations with weakly supervised patches based on the WSI class. This led to us not requiring additional expert tissue annotation, while still reaching the winning score of 94.7%. Our approach is a step towards the clinical inclusion of automatic pipelines for cervical cancer treatment planning.Clinical relevance— The explanation of the winning Tis-sueNet AI algorithm for automated cervical cancer classification, which may provide insights for the next generation of computer assisted tools in digital pathology.
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3,409
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Please write an abstract with title: Review on Technology of Seawater Variable Speed Pumped Storage Generator Unit, and key words: Wires, Windings, Rotors, System integration, Generators, Power electronics, Internet. Abstract: The working principle and technical characteristics of variable speed pumped-storage generator are very different from that of conventional fixed speed pumped-storage generator. Its core technologies include variable speed mode, variable speed adjustment range, ac excitation system components and topological structure, rotor end fixed form, rotor winding wire rod and so on. Based on the Dawanshan island variable speed pumped storage generator as an example, the key technology of variable speed generator has carried on the comparison and analysis, and combined with its own requirements such as technology, economy, and development of variable speed generator, the key technical parameters and technical route were chosen, this paper provides reference for the design of the same type of variable speed generator.
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3,410
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Please write an abstract with title: Analytical Conduction Loss Calculation Method for Hybrid Three-Level Converters, and key words: Semiconductor device modeling, Reactive power, Analytical models, Multilevel converters, Conferences, Estimation, Switches. Abstract: A new class of hybrid three-level converters (H3LC) has been recently proposed for voltage-source-converter high-voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) transmission technology. It features both a small footprint and high efficiency. In the literature, however, the H3LC’s semiconductor losses have only been verified quantitatively through detailed simulation, and only at two operating voltages. This paper presents an analytical method to determine the H3LC’s efficiency over its entire operating range by taking into consideration the conduction power losses of its semiconductor devices, which are assumed to be dominating. Lacking in the literature, this paper presents a method to simplify the determination of the theoretical semiconductor conduction power losses for hybrid three-level converters to improve the converters’ design-to-implementation time. To verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed analytical methodology for power loss calculation, the results are compared against the values obtained from the simulations using the detailed equivalent model (DEM). The proposed analytical method is demonstrated to give accurate predictions of the dominant power losses over a wide range of operating conditions, which may be used for determining the optimal design and operation the H3LCs in practice.
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3,411
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Please write an abstract with title: Arrays and contracts for the specification and analysis of regular systems, and key words: Contracts, Programmable logic arrays, Equations, Logic arrays, Large-scale systems, Formal verification, System testing, Debugging, Design methodology, Programming profession. Abstract: We explore a structuring mechanism for reactive systems, based on two ideas: array iterators allow the description of regular systems; logical-time contracts allow local or global specifications of components. We describe a toolbox of automatic program manipulations able to exploit the regular structures and the contracts in order to help validating the system.
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3,412
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Please write an abstract with title: Electromagnetic Inverse Scattering of Rotating Axisymmetric Objects, and key words: Dielectrics, Inverse problems, Optimization, Media, Electromagnetic scattering, Electromagnetics, Cost function. Abstract: The electromagnetic inverse scattering problem for rotating axisymmetric objects is studied. A modification of a previously proposed two-step algorithm is adopted to obtain the first solutions to the problems of interest. In the first step, the forward solver is employed assuming zero rotating speed and the geometric and dielectric parameters are reconstructed by minimizing the cost function. In the second step, the values from the first step are used to determine the rotating speed. Numerical results for this type of inverse problems are provided for the first time by considering test cases with rotating homogeneous sphere and torus. The two-step algorithm is compared against the general inversion algorithm that relies on global optimization considering all unknown variables simultaneously. It is demonstrated that the proposed algorithm outperforms the general inversion procedure for all speeds of practical interest. The results are analyzed for noisy data in the near-field and far-field.
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3,413
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Please write an abstract with title: ZigBee localization system for public transport vehicles, and key words: ZigBee, localization, RSSI, V2I, public transport, urban traffic. Abstract: The importance of public transport in modern cities is undisputable: considering the land usage per traveler is about 20 times more efficient than private cars. But an unreliable transport cannot be attractive and will not be used at its fullest. It is important to have a good knowledge about the time a vehicle arrives in a bus stop, and when you will get to your destination. GPS systems may provide location, but with a rough approximation, especially in cities with tall buildings, or some vehicles may not possess it. Therefore, a complementary system must be installed to improve the location accuracy. Based on its main features, ZigBee was considered to be a solution. With the possibility of measuring RSSI, it was considered that location in two-dimensional space (like the road network) can be obtained. The analysis performed, both in laboratory (controlled) environment and in real life conditions, tested the possibility to use this technology for more accurate detection of public transport vehicles along the line.
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3,414
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Please write an abstract with title: Model-Free Predictive Control of Interleaved DC-DC Converters, Based on Ultra-Local Model, with Constant Switching Frequency, and key words: Uncertain systems, Switching frequency, Fault tolerant systems, DC-DC power converters, Predictive models, Robustness, Power electronics. Abstract: Model-based predictive control (MBPC) applied to power electronics is a hot research topic that has been receiving the attention of researchers, given its advantages in terms of robustness, reduced tuning effort and, when applicable, fault tolerance. The high dependency from model parameters is the major drawback of MBPC. To overcome the requirement of accurate knowledge of the system model, model-free predictive control (MFPC) has recently emerged as a promising solution. MFPC is an underdeveloped research topic that requires further efforts. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the literature does not report any MFPC strategy aimed at DC-DC converters. Accordingly, this paper presents a novel MFPC strategy suitable to meet the stringent requirements of DC-DC converters. The proposed solution is implemented in a three-phase interleaved DC-DC boost converter. A set of operation scenarios, validated through simulation and experimental results, demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed solution in both steady- and transient-states.
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3,415
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Please write an abstract with title: A reliable and efficient MAC layer broadcast (multicast) protocol for mobile ad hoc networks, and key words: Multicast protocols, Media Access Protocol, Broadcasting, Mobile ad hoc networks, Access protocols, Multimedia communication, Mobile communication, Ad hoc networks, Computer network reliability, Computer science. Abstract: Broadcast/multicast is a key service for mobile ad hoc networks. A great number of applications rely on a reliable and efficient MAC layer broadcast. The IEEE 802.11 broadcast protocol, which is based on carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA), does not offer any MAC layer recovery on broadcast frames. Consequently, the increasing probability of lost frames may deteriorate the quality of broadcast/multicast services offered at upper layers. In this paper, we first formulate the broadcast problem as an optimization problem and show that it is NP-hard, even if the upper layer service is periodical beacons. An approximation algorithm with a guaranteed approximation ratio is also suggested. Then, a reliable and efficient MAC layer broadcast protocol, named broadcast protocol with busy tone (BPBT), is proposed. BPBT applies a busy tone to solve the hidden terminal problem. Finally, BPBT is compared with previous protocols for performance evaluation by simulation.
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3,416
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Please write an abstract with title: A Process Scalable Architecture for Low Noise Figure Sub-Sampling Mixer-First RF Front-End, and key words: Radio frequency, Semiconductor device modeling, Noise figure, Impedance matching, Mathematical model, Impedance, Mixers. Abstract: Sub-sampling down-conversion mixers have not been considered as a mixer-first RF front-ends due to their disadvantages of high noise figure and lack of impedance matching at the RF port, even though they offer the advantages of less complex clocking circuits and low-power consumption. In this work, a process scalable architecture for low noise figure impedance matched sub-sampling mixer-first RF front-end is proposed addressing the issues of noise folding and impedance matching with process scalable circuit components like switches, capacitors and inverters. A scheme to reject the selected IF odd-harmonics of fs/4 by multi-path sampling is proposed, alleviating the effect of noise folding and leading to low noise figure sub-sampling mixer-first RF front-end. The combination of the complex impedance band-pass filter along with the IF-LNA provide the tuned impedance matching. In addition, analysis on sub-sampling frequency plan, amount of harmonic rejection and its effect on noise figure, transparency of the impedance at the RF port and its tunability with respect to the input impedance of IF-LNA is presented. To validate the analysis and modeling, as well as to explain the architecture, an example low-power narrow-band IoT(NB-IoT) standard RF front-end is realized in 1.2 V, 65 nm CMOS and it is observed that the performance predicted by analytical equations is in agreement with Spectre RF simulations.
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3,417
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Please write an abstract with title: DO-178C Certification of General-Purpose GPU Software: Review of Existing Methods and Future Directions, and key words: Productivity, Graphics, Costs, Codes, Graphics processing units, Aerospace electronics, Software. Abstract: General-Purpose GPU software is considered for use in avionics to satisfy the increased computational requirements of future systems. Therefore, it needs to be certified following the DO-178C guidance as all airborne software. In this work, we review the existing methods in the literature, we analyse their advantages and disadvantages, and we discuss how they can be combined to obtain certification with lower effort and cost. Our focus is restricted on application-level software, under the premise that successful completion of verification of avionics graphics GPU software products has been demonstrated, so their GPU compiler has been considered acceptable for these already DO-178C certified products, or existing qualified GPU compilers exist. Finally, we discuss upcoming solutions for certified general purpose GPU computing.
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3,418
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Please write an abstract with title: Head crash process of magnetic coated disk during contact start/stop operations, and key words: Magnetic heads, Computer crashes, Force measurement, Friction, Disk recording, Vehicle crash testing, Strain measurement, Magnetic recording, Force sensors, Lubricants. Abstract: To increase the recording density of rigid magnetic disk files, it is important to understand and prevent the Head Crash problem. In Winchester type head-disk interfaces, Head Crash is most liable to occur during Contact Start / Stop (CS/S) o-erations. Head wear or disk wear after Head Crash were reported by past researchers. But the Head Crash process itself has not been made clear. In this study, friction force and acoustic emission(AE) signal during CS/S operations are measured until Head Crash. The results show that the piling up of disk binder on a head surfase is the main reason of Head Crash. It is triggered by the intrusion of wear particle into the head-disk interface. From these results, more durable magnetic coated disks will be developed in the future.
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3,419
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and Simulation of Single Tail and Double Tail Circuits, and key words: Latches, Computer architecture, Transistors, Power demand, Power dissipation, Propagation delay, Clocks. Abstract: This High performance comparator circuits are imperative and indispensable modules for the implementation of integrated circuit data converter architectures to be utilized for different wireless portable electronic systems. The comparator works shown in this paper explores two different architectures by giving strong importance to specifications such as offset voltage (mV), power dissipation (µW), voltage gain (dB), kick back noise reduction, propagation delay (ps) and speed-power product (fJ). The modified double tail comparator uses regenerative feedback to convert the output to a full scale digital output signal. The circuit can accept both negative and positive voltages. This works presents the comprehensive analysis and simulation of two comparator circuits and is carried out in CMOS 0.13µm technology. An integrated circuit designer can completely balance the tradeoffs such as reduction of power consumption, circuit speed, and offset voltage minimization for the comparator circuit.
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3,420
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Please write an abstract with title: Halo cluster shapes: insights from simulated galaxies and ICL with prospects for weak lensing applications, and key words: gravitational lensing: weak, methods: numerical, galaxies: clusters: general, galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium, (cosmology:) dark matter. Abstract: We present a detailed study of the shapes and alignments of different galaxy cluster components using hydrodynamical simulations. We compute shape parameters from the dark matter (DM) distribution, the galaxy members and the intracluster light (ICL). We assess how well the DM cluster shape can be constrained by means of the identified galaxy member positions and the ICL. Further, we address the dilution factor introduced when estimating the cluster elongation using weak-lensing stacking techniques, which arises due to the misalignment between the total surface mass distribution and the distribution of luminous tracers. The dilution is computed considering the alignment between the DM and the brightest cluster galaxy, the galaxy members and the ICL. Our study shows that distributions of galaxy members and ICL are less spherical than the DM component, although both are well aligned with the semimajor axis of the latter. We find that the distribution of galaxy members hosted in more concentrated subhaloes is more elongated than the distribution of the DM. Moreover, these galaxies are better aligned with the DM component compared to the distribution of galaxies hosted in less concentrated subhaloes. We conclude that the positions of galaxy members can be used as suitable tracers to estimate the cluster surface density orientation, even when a low number of members is considered. Our results provide useful information for interpreting the constraints on the shapes of galaxy clusters in observational studies.
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3,421
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Please write an abstract with title: Some optical orthogonal codes for asynchronous CDMA systems, and key words: Multiaccess communication, Galois fields, Equations, Multiple access interference, Performance analysis, Optical fibers, Optical fiber communication, Bit error rate. Abstract: Two families of optical orthogonal codes (OOCs) are algebraically designed by using the Galois field. The first family of codes has non-ideal auto and crosscorrelation /spl lambda//sub a/ = 1, /spl lambda//sub c/ = 2 properties. The second family of codes has Ideal auto and cross-correlation /spl lambda//sub a/ = 1, /spl lambda//sub c/ = 1 properties. It is shown that the p-1 codes exist for every prime p forming a family of (/spl nu/, /spl omega/, /spl lambda//sub a/, /spl lambda//sub c/) OOCs. These codes may serve as many as p-1 different users in the fiber optic code division multiple access system. We also compare their performance with previous known optical orthogonal codes. We present examples of the constructed codes. The algebraic OOCs being proposed in this paper find applications in asynchronous OCDMA systems.
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3,422
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Please write an abstract with title: A Passive Variable Switching Frequency SPWM Concept and Analysis for DCAC Converter, and key words: Harmonic analysis, Power harmonic filters, Switching frequency, Switches, Pulse width modulation, Electromagnetic interference, Inverters. Abstract: Variable switching frequency sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation (VSFSPWM) method does well in many aspects such as lower harmonic peak and losses compared with constant switching frequency sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation (CSFSPWM) for DCAC converters. This article presents a passive VSFSPWM (PVSFSPWM) method for spectrum improvement, filter inductor reduction, and losses reduction, obtaining similar output current quality as that of the CSFSPWM method. Because the PVSFSPWM method does not need any feedback information compared with the model-predictive-based method, it is an open-loop method and is called the passive method. In order to obtain the law of harmonic distribution, the mathematical expression of harmonic spectrum distribution is derived. The required filter inductor under the same current ripple and the losses between CSFSPWM and PVSFSPWM methods have been compared. Simulation and experimental results show that the PVSFSPWM method achieves excellent performance in EMI suppression, inductance, and losses reduction without impairing the output quality.
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3,423
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Please write an abstract with title: Friendly Load Control Scheme with Importance Degree and Intention, and key words: Simulation, Water heating, Microgrids, Stability analysis, Power electronics, Generators, Power generation. Abstract: With intermittent renewable power generator increasing, it is difficult for microgrid to maintain power generation and demand balance only rely on micro generators control due to power generation randomness. As an important controllable resource, friendly power electronics loads (FPELs), e.g. air conditioners, water heater, can be introduced to improve reliability and stability of microgrid. A friendly load control scheme considering importance degree and intention of loads was proposed to introduce FPELs into power generation and demand balance of microgrid. In microgrid, frequency can indicate power generation and demand balance. When the frequency below and near its minimum value, it means that the power generation is near to rated capacity. Friendly load control scheme can trigger the FPELs to reduce their power consumption according trigger signal preset for every FPEL. The load power was controlled along with frequency deviation, importance degree and intention of loads. This control scheme can automatically introduce the loads in power generation and demand balance control of microgrid. It can save reserve capacity of energy storage and reduce investment of microgrid. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
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3,424
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Please write an abstract with title: An Optimized CPML Formulation for High Order FVTD Schemes for CED, and key words: Time-domain analysis, Mathematical models, Finite difference methods, Maxwell equations, Electromagnetic propagation, Optimization, Magnetohydrodynamics. Abstract: Developing an optimal perfectly matched layer (PML) formulation is crucial for efficient CED calculations. This becomes imperative for higher order CED schemes. If a PML causes spurious back-reflection of waves into the computational domain, those waves will be evolved by the higher order scheme as if they are physical. We present a PML that is conformant in its collocation and discretization with second, third and fourth order finite volume time-domain (FVTD) schemes that preserve global divergence. We present optimal PML parameters for second, third and fourth order FVTD schemes based on a careful numerically-motivated, optimization. At each order of accuracy we have to repeat the optimization study in order to get the best performance. We find that with increasing order of accuracy we can achieve greater suppression of spuriously reflected waves from the PML layer, especially at late times. Taking the finite difference time-domain (FDTD) method as a baseline, our schemes show as much as three orders of magnitude improvement in the suppression of late time reflection of waves from the PML layer. The schemes rely on several newly-invented reconstruction strategies and a very novel Implicit Taylor ADER (Arbitrary accuracy DERivatives) predictor step. Riemann solvers provide the corrector step.
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3,425
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Please write an abstract with title: A Flash technology programmable non-volatile switch, and key words: Switches, Logic devices, Nonvolatile memory, Reconfigurable logic, Programmable logic arrays, EPROM, Programmable logic devices, Threshold voltage, Logic programming, Switching circuits. Abstract: A modified Flash-EEPROM device is presented. This device operates as a non-volatile programmable pass transistor. Program and erase, operations are performed on a Flash-EEPROM cell coupled to a pass-transistor. Written and erased states of the flash cell correspond to the open and close states of the pass-transistor respectively. The Flash-programmable pass transistor (FPT) was developed for multi-context programmable-logic, and it was realized in a technology for embedded Flash-EEPROM NOR memory. No additional process steps are required. This novel device has the same program and erasing behavior as the standard Flash-EEPROM cell, measurements are reported for a 0.18 /spl mu/m technology implementation.
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3,426
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Please write an abstract with title: Truth and clarity in arithmetic, and key words: Displays, Digital arithmetic, Switches, Particle separators. Abstract: The computing profession - indeed the engineering profession in general-has a particular responsibility to promote numeracy, both within the profession and within the community at large. The commodity calculator is an insult to that responsibility. The IEEE should establish and promote a rigorous and detailed standard for a universal basic calculator. Professional engineers everywhere should press to have that calculator manufactured and adopted as widely as possible. Computing professionals should work with the teaching profession to have the arithmetic of the universal basic calculator taught throughout elementary schooling, perhaps using calculators with drill and practice built in.
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3,427
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Please write an abstract with title: Denoising and compression of ultrasonic signals using model-based estimation techniques, and key words: Noise reduction, Matching pursuit algorithms, Maximum likelihood estimation, Radio frequency, Parameter estimation, Data mining, Signal resolution, Time frequency analysis, Real time systems, Data compression. Abstract: Two model based decomposition (MBD) methods using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and matching pursuits (MP) methods are examined for denoising and compressing ultrasonic RF echoes. MBD is a sparse data adaptive and nonorthogonal decomposition. Sparse decompositions provide efficient denoising and high rate compression by representing the signal in terms of a limited number of functions adapted to the signal. We examined MLE and MP methods for sparse decomposition of ultrasonic RF echoes in terms of Gabor functions. MLE requires estimating the parameter sets of an unknown number of Gabor functions that best represent ultrasonic data in presence of noise (superimposed signal estimation). MP requires estimating signal structures by extracting best matching Gabor functions sequentially from ultrasonic data and building up the decomposition (signal approximation). While MLE targets the best representation of signal in noise, MP targets a greedy representation. Denosing and compression capabilities of these two types of signal decomposition methods are examined. MP provides a high fidelity representation of the signal at high compression rates (typically 20:1) while suppressing the noise effectively. However, MLE is computationally costly for long data segments because of the iterative nonlinear estimation involved. MP also provides a good representation of the signal at high compression rates (typically 15:1) while providing a time-frequency (TF) representation of the signal. Furthermore, MP is computationally feasible to implement a real-time ultrasonic data compression system.
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3,428
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Please write an abstract with title: A Study on Local Traffic Management to Improve Marine Traffic Safety in Myanmar, and key words: Roads, Sea measurements, Transportation, Safety, Rivers, Steel, Security. Abstract: The study discussed about the waterway transportation system in Myanmar and experiencing accidents cases in that area in order to provides effective measures to improve level of safety standards and criteria. The data used in this paper are collected from the annual accident report of the Department of Marine Administration (DMA) of Myanmar and 238 accident cases are taken into considered for analysis. After describing about the general character of waterway transport system, this paper focuses on the accidents cases which occurred during the year (2007–2018) by categorizing the accident type, ship type, accident location and number of person death and loss. Statistics show that, this study realizes that sinking is the major cause of accident while the inland cargo, passenger vessels and coastal fishing vessels are leading role of vessels which can cause accidents frequently. Moreover, the Ayeyarwady river and its delta region as well as Tanintharyi coastal region is the most hazardous area where most of the accidents occurred. The responsible Maritime Authorities is necessary to accelerate the safety standards, how to fully supervise ship operator and owners to follow and implement IMO guidelines and safety regulations.
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3,429
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Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of breast infrared imaging results by three independent investigators, and key words: Infrared imaging, Breast cancer, Image databases, Cameras, Image analysis, Algorithm design and analysis, Optical imaging, Mammography, Target recognition, Biomedical imaging. Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether three investigators would produce similar results when reading/scoring the same breast infrared images. They used their standard methods of analysis (subjective to semi-objective analysis). Two of the investigators submitted breast infrared images from 71 screened patients. The images were stored in a database and displayed for scoring by the three investigators (two who submitted the data and one additional reader). The left and right breasts were analyzed separately. The investigators submitted their scores to the database without knowledge of the scores of the other two investigators. Overall, concordance of results among all three investigators was 76% (all three investigators' readings agreed on 107 of 141 breasts). Comparison of paired results of the three investigators resulted in 79 to 94% agreement for the six comparisons (three investigators and two breasts) with an overall agreement of 88% (371 of 424 paired comparisons). This preliminary comparison of three investigators' blinded results of breast infrared image readings from a screening population, demonstrates that breast infrared images taken at different centers with different techniques can be interpreted by different investigators with very similar results. As the database grows there will be an increase in the number and percentage of patients with abnormal infrared images (high risk and breast cancer patients). This will allow a better and more thorough analysis of the results to refine and standardize the reading technique, and further to allow the assessment of previously untested algorithms with this unique database.
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3,430
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Please write an abstract with title: Teaching the Scrum Master Role using Professional Agile Coaches and Communities of Practice, and key words: Training, Tools, Software, Personnel, Scrum (Software development), Interviews, Software engineering. Abstract: As Scrum currently is the most popular Agile method, most universities teaching software development teach it. A Scrum Team consists of a Scrum Master, a Product Owner, and developers. The Scrum Master role is vital in the team. However, looking at the industry, companies have difficulties both in hiring good Scrum Masters, and in convincing their developers or other personnel to take that role. Agile trainers do offer short Scrum Master training courses. However, we lack information on how to train Scrum Masters in university education. In this paper, we report how we arranged a one semester long Scrum Master training course. During the course, students worked as Scrum Masters under the guidance of professional agile coaches and collaborated in a Scrum Master Community of Practice. We collected data by conducting 13 post-course semi-structured interviews with Scrum Masters, and by analyzing the learning diaries of 37 students from three course instances. Team-specific Agile coaches supported their Scrum Master first by example, then by observing the Scrum Masters in action and providing feedback and ideas, and finally by helping the students to reflect. Students found the coaches extremely useful, and wished they had utilized them more. The Scrum Master community of practice worked best when students self-organized, shared practices and tools, and provided peer support when facing problems. Finally, students non-technical backgrounds, as well as female students performed better as Scrum Masters than computer science and male students.
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3,431
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Please write an abstract with title: An adaptive hierarchical scheme for bandwidth allocation in cellular networks, and key words: Channel allocation, Intelligent networks, Land mobile radio cellular systems, Bandwidth, Wireless networks, Availability, Streaming media, Mobile communication, Explosions, Base stations. Abstract: The proliferation of wireless networks has led to a demand for providing bandwidth guarantees to mobile users that are comparable to the ones received by users in fixed networks. Error-prone communication links and user mobility make this a challenging task. We propose a bandwidth allocation scheme for cellular networks that copes with user mobility. Our proposed scheme constructs, for each user, hierarchical clusters (HCs) which are tree-like structures having sub-clusters of cells as nodes. The HC of any user represents the cells that he is expected to visit during the lifetime of his call. Bandwidth is reserved in all cells of the HC thereby providing an estimation of future resource availability. Such estimates are used to determine the feasibility of admitting new calls. In constructing HCs, we use the velocity of the user and available data on user movement. Our scheme is adaptive since it works with any amount of available data. Results of simulations are provided to demonstrate the performance obtained using our proposed scheme.
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Please write an abstract with title: Parameterized Pseudo-Differential Operators for Graph Convolutional Neural Networks, and key words: Image segmentation, Three-dimensional displays, Image coding, Shape, Convolution, Image edge detection, Supervised learning. Abstract: We present a novel graph convolutional layer that is conceptually simple, fast, and provides high accuracy with reduced overfitting. Based on pseudo-differential operators, our layer operates on graphs with relative position information available for each pair of connected nodes. Our layer represents a generalization of parameterized differential operators (previously shown effective for shape correspondence, image segmentation, and dimensionality reduction tasks) to a larger class of graphs. We evaluate our method on a variety of supervised learning tasks, including 2D graph classification using the MNIST and CIFAR-100 datasets and 3D node correspondence using the FAUST dataset. We also introduce a superpixel graph version of the lesion classification task using the ISIC 2016 challenge dataset and evaluate our layer versus other state-of-the-art graph convolutional network architectures.The new layer outperforms multiple recent architectures on graph classification tasks using the MNIST and CIFAR-100 superpixel datasets. For the ISIC dataset, we outperform all other graph neural networks examined as well as all of the submissions to the original ISIC challenge despite the best of those models having more than 200 times as many parameters as our model.
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3,433
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Please write an abstract with title: Maximum entropy segmentation of improved particle swarm optimization, and key words: Image segmentation, Entropy, Particle swarm optimization, Convergence, Sociology, Statistics, Standards. Abstract: The most common method of image segmentation is the maximum entropy threshold segmentation, which is simple to implement and easy to segment. The standard maximum entropy segmentation has the problems of slow operation speed and low efficiency. Therefore, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to optimize the optimal threshold vector of the maximum entropy threshold segmentation. However, the traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm have some shortcomings, such as fall into dimensional disaster and premature convergence. Therefore, a maximum entropy segmentation algorithm based on improved particle swarm optimization is proposed. Improved particle swarm optimization uses multiple one-dimensional combinations to replace the original multi-dimensional group. Information exchange between these one-dimensional particle swarms produces the overall fitness value of the particle swarm, and then replace the worst particles with the best particles in each one-dimensional group, thereby eliminating premature convergence. Finally, the method is applied to liver image segmentation and compared with the standard particle swarm maximum entropy threshold segmentation. The results show that this improvement has better threshold and faster convergence.
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Please write an abstract with title: X-domain QoS budget negotiation using Dynamic Programming, and key words: Dynamic programming, Quality of service, Context-aware services, Contracts, Quality management, Videoconference, Additives, Technological innovation, Intserv networks, Innovation management. Abstract: Quality of Service (QoS) has been a major concern in the field of network management, even more so for emerging dynamic multimedia applications (Video on Demand, Telefony over IP etc.) that are becoming mainstream. This problem is particularly sensitive in the context of exchanges accross multiple independent and heterogeneous domains (X-domain), where global SLAs (Service Level Agreement) have to be satisfied accross domains. In this paper, we consider a typical scenario of X-domain provisioning of a video-conference session. The article addresses the problem of how to automatically negotiate QoS budgets between possible service providers (SP) that will meet the end-to-end requirements. We propose a QoS budget negotiation algorithm based on the dynamic programming principle. The negotiation is strictly distributed in the sense that all contracts are agreed on bilaterally between adjacent SPs, and each SP becomes responsible for the subbudget between it and the end-domain.
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3,435
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Please write an abstract with title: The Square-Law Single-Sideband System, and key words: Phase modulation, Signal generators, Distortion, Envelope detectors, Bandwidth, Low voltage, Diodes, Current measurement, Integrated circuit measurements, Collaboration. Abstract: A new method of generation of a single-sideband signal has been developed which provides distortionless reception with a square-law envelope detector. This performance is achieved through a new system design rather than a less subtle method, such as carrier reinsertion. It is well known that a single-sideband signal can be represented as a combination of amplitude and phase-modulated signals. Most methods of single-sideband generation do not allow separate control of the amplitude and phase modulation. However, in the system described in this paper the amplitude and phase-modulation components are generated separately and have a specific functional relationship with each other. The amplitude-modulation envelope is the square root of the waveform to be transmitted and the phase modulation is the Hilbert transform of the logarithm of the envelope. A signal generated in this manner will occupy a bandwidth equal to the bandwidth of the original modulating signal and may be received without distortion with a square-law envelope detector. Tests on the system have shown that it is possible to obtain [1] an average of 25-db sideband rejection using band-limited white noise as the modulating signal, and [2] an average of 2 per cent harmonic distortion and 9 per cent intermodulation distortion using a square-law detector.
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3,436
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Please write an abstract with title: Towards Game-Playing AI Benchmarks via Performance Reporting Standards, and key words: Artificial intelligence, Games, Benchmark testing, Guidelines, Standards, Industries, Writing. Abstract: While games have been used extensively as mile-stones to evaluate game-playing AI, there exists no standardised framework for reporting the obtained observations. As a result, it remains difficult to draw general conclusions about the strengths and weaknesses of different game-playing AI algorithms. In this paper, we propose reporting guidelines for AI game-playing performance that, if followed, provide information suitable for unbiased comparisons between different AI approaches. The vision we describe is to build benchmarks and competitions based on such guidelines in order to be able to draw more general conclusions about the behaviour of different AI algorithms, as well as the types of challenges different games pose.
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Please write an abstract with title: Low Voltage Series Arc Modelling Based on Neural Network Considering Harmonics Load Current, and key words: Resistance, Training, Low voltage, Input variables, Power system harmonics, Harmonic analysis, Impedance. Abstract: Series Arc is one of the electrical fault types in a low voltage power system. Series arc occurred when two points of the same conductor connection have different potential values. It usually happens on a cable with broken insulation. Most people rarely notice the phenomenon of series arc because it may not be visible. When it happens continuously, the temperature around the arc location will increase and potentially cause a fire. The value of the series arc fault current has a similar value as the nominal current and causes protection devices such as circuit-breaker and fuse unable to detect it. Low voltage series arc modeling is necessary to enable protection devices in detecting series arc faults. This experiment conducts low voltage arc modeling on non-linear loads containing THDi values and several line impedance values. The modeling input is the arc voltage, arc current, and arc power before the series arc occurred, and the modeling target is the arc resistance. The modeling method is by using the artificial neural network with feed-forward backpropagation. The experiment shows that the higher the THDi values in the system, the higher the series arc fault current. The modeling results show that the modeling can represent the series arc fault resistance with an MSE value less than 0.04.
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3,438
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Please write an abstract with title: Target Detection Method Based on Amplitude Statistical Entropy of Sea Clutter Model, and key words: Histograms, Signal processing algorithms, Object detection, Radar, Feature extraction, Entropy, Radar signal processing. Abstract: Maritime target detection is one of the most complicated problems in the radar signal processing field. Since traditional constant false alarm rate detection methods rely on the clutter distribution model, the mismatch of the sea clutter model leads to a decrease in the target detection performance. In this paper, the amplitude statistical entropy (ASE) of sea clutter sequence is extracted as a feature to describe the degree of aggregation of the sea clutter amplitude statistical histogram. Then a novel target detection algorithm based on ASE is proposed, which is not affected by the degree of the model matching between sea clutter datasets and statistical model. Finally, the experiment result based on the Canadian IPIX radar datasets confirms the effectiveness of this method.
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3,439
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Please write an abstract with title: Image Reconstruction in Frequency Space using Sinusoidal Illumination Patterns, and key words: Lighting, Microscopy, Optical microscopy, Optical imaging, Two dimensional displays, Image reconstruction, Biomedical optical imaging. Abstract: Structured Illumination Patterns is an imaging technique used in microscopic imaging to achieve super-resolution image by exceeding the diffraction limit. In microscopic imaging, the light projected onto the sample to be imaged is modulated into two dimensional sinusoidal illumination patterns and the raw image is obtained. By using this technique, the image reconstruction algorithm applied to the raw images in the frequency space is provided to increase the resolution of the final image up to two times. In this study, to obtain the high resolution target image, convolution multiplication of the structured illumination patterns with a test image is applied and a moire fringe pattern is formed as a result of this product. Next, the steps of the structured illumination microscopy technique algorithm are described. Finally, the algorithm for image reconstruction in frequency space has been developed and the results are shown.
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3,440
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Please write an abstract with title: Stereo Visual Inertial Mapping Algorithm for Autonomous Mobile Robot, and key words: Optimization, Visualization, Cameras, Simultaneous localization and mapping, Feature extraction, Robustness. Abstract: Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is a fundamental problem for autonomous mobile robots (AMRs). AMRs are widely used in automated warehousing, factory material transfer systems, flexible assembly systems, and other intelligent transportation sites. The visual Inertial Odometry (VIO) which consists of the camera and inertial-measurement-unit (IMU), is a popular approach to achieve accurate 6-DOF state estimation. However, such locally accurate VIO is prone to drift and cannot provide a global consistent map. The prerequisite for re-localizing the robot and ensuring precise autonomous navigation is an accurate and global consistent map of its environment. In this study, we propose a stereo visual-inertial mapping system. The front-end is a robust stereo VIO based on a tightly-coupled sliding window optimization. The core of the back-end is the global Bundle-Adjustment (BA) which is a nonlinear optimization, in which IMU is also added as a time-domain constraint. Meanwhile, stereo-camera-IMU extrinsic calibration is performed in BA to improve mapping accuracy. The selection principles of keyframes and map points are also designed according to the AMRs application characteristics. Further, the forward and backward Perspective-n-Point (PNP) method is also adopted to avoid the loop-detection mismatch. The performance of the system was validated and compared against other state-of-the-art algorithms. The findings revealed the effectiveness and robustness of this stereo visual-inertial mapping algorithm.
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3,441
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Please write an abstract with title: Batching Circuits to Reduce Compilation in Quantum Control Hardware, and key words: Computer languages, Quantum computing, Codes, Scientific computing, System performance, Quantum chemistry, Laboratories. Abstract: At Sandia National Laboratories, QSCOUT (the Quantum Scientific Computing Open User Testbed) is an ion-trap based quantum computer built for the purpose of allowing users low-level access to quantum hardware. Commands are executed on the hardware using Jaqal (Just Another Quantum Assembly Language), a programming language designed in-house to support the unique capabilities of QSCOUT. In this work, we describe a batching implementation of our custom software that speeds the experimental run-time through the reduction of communication and upload times. Reducing the code upload time during experimental runs improves system performance by mitigating the effects of drift. We demonstrate this implementation through a set of quantum chemistry experiments using a variational quantum eigensolver (VQE). While developed specifically for this testbed, this idea finds application across many similar experimental platforms that seek greater hardware control or reduced overhead.
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3,442
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Please write an abstract with title: Template matching based object recognition with unknown geometric parameters, and key words: Object recognition, Matched filters, Parameter estimation, Image restoration, Libraries, Image reconstruction, Computer science, Equations, Image processing, Noise robustness. Abstract: We examine the problem of locating an object in an image when size and rotation are unknown. Previous work has shown that with known geometric parameters, an image restoration method can be useful by estimating a delta function at the object location. When the geometric parameters are unknown, this method becomes impractical because the likelihood surface to be minimized across size and rotation has numerous local minima and areas of zero gradient. We propose a new approach where a smooth approximation of the template is used to minimize a well-behaved likelihood surface. A coarse-to-fine approximation of the original template using a diffusion-like equation is used to create a library of templates. Using this library, we can successively perform minimizations which are locally well-behaved. As detail is added to the template, the likelihood surface gains local minima, but previous estimates place us within a well-behaved "bowl" around the global minimum, leading to an accurate estimate. Numerical experiments are shown which verify the value of this approach for a wide range of values of the geometric parameters.
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3,443
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Please write an abstract with title: Segmentation of remotely sensed images using wavelet features and their evaluation in soft computing framework, and key words: Image segmentation, Image texture analysis, Feature extraction, Image analysis, Discrete wavelet transforms, Wavelet packets, Vegetation mapping, Remote sensing, Layout, Spatial resolution. Abstract: The present paper describes a feature extraction method based on M-band wavelet packet frames for segmenting remotely sensed images. These wavelet features are then evaluated and selected using an efficient neurofuzzy algorithm. Both the feature extraction and neurofuzzy feature evaluation methods are unsupervised, and they do not require the knowledge of the number and distribution of classes corresponding to various land covers in remotely sensed images. The effectiveness of the methodology is demonstrated on two four-band Indian Remote Sensing 1A satellite (IRS-1A) images containing five to six overlapping classes and a three-band SPOT image containing seven overlapping classes.
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3,444
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Please write an abstract with title: Design issues on broadcast routing algorithms using realistic cost-effective smart antenna models, and key words: Algorithm design and analysis, Broadcasting, Routing, Wireless sensor networks, Directional antennas, Intelligent sensors, Batteries, Energy efficiency, Protocols, Directive antennas. Abstract: Wireless ad hoc or sensor networks usually operate over a strictly or partially battery energy limited environment. To prolong network operating time, energy efficiency should be carefully considered at every layer of the network protocols and algorithms. Moreover, cross-layer effects and interactions have to be carefully analysed and utilized. While a significant amount of research on directional and smart antennas has been conducted at the physical layer and device level, a system-wide level analysis using directional antennas is still very rare, especially for the broadcast routing problem over wireless ad hoc networks. We investigate the effects of various classes of directional antenna systems and consider system-level design principles for a power-efficient broadcast routing algorithm. By introducing the concept of optimal decision space, we provide various valuable insights for algorithm design.
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3,445
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Please write an abstract with title: Transmit Beamforming for a MISO SWIPT System with a Power Beacon, and key words: Wireless communication, NOMA, Array signal processing, MISO communication, Numerical simulation, Optimization, Signal to noise ratio. Abstract: This paper studies a multi-user multiple-input single-output (MISO) simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system with a power beacon (PB), in which several power-splitting (PS) users co-exist with an energyharvesting (EH) user. The PB is a dedicated source of power for radio frequency EH, and it appears as a candidate solution to help the base station (BS) to satisfy the EH requirements of the users. We aim to obtain the transmit beamforming vectors and the PS ratios that minimize the total transmit power at the BS and PB under the constraints of minimum QoS of the PS users and minimum EH requirements. The non-convex optimization problem is solved by using the semidefinite relaxation technique. Numerical simulations show that the proposed approach achieves the lowest total transmit power in comparison with baseline schemes.
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3,446
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Please write an abstract with title: Real-Time Iterations for Nonlinear Optimal Feedback Control, and key words: Feedback control, Optimal control, Runtime, Control systems, Predictive models, Cost function, Process control, Approximation error, Contracts, Robust control. Abstract: An efficient Newton-type scheme for the approximate on-line solution of optimization problems as they occur in optimal feedback control is presented. The scheme allows a fast reaction to disturbances by delivering approximations of the exact optimal feedback control which are iteratively refined during the runtime of the controlled process. The approximation errors of this real-time iteration scheme can be bounded and the solution contracts towards the optimal feedback control. The robustness and excellent real-time performance of the method is demonstrated in a numerical experiment, the control of an unstable system, namely an airborne kite that shall fly loops. This paper is a short version of an article that appeared recently in the SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization [1].
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3,447
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Please write an abstract with title: On the relative output SINR of full and partial decorrelators, and key words: Signal to noise ratio, Decorrelation, Detectors, Multiple access interference, Multiaccess communication, Bit error rate, Additive white noise, Sufficient conditions, Interference suppression, AWGN. Abstract: We investigate the relative output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) performance of two linear direct-sequence code-division multiple-access multiuser detectors: the full decorrelator and the partial decorrelator. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions on the system parameters under which the partial decorrelator outperforms the full decorrelator in the output SINR sense. As a side study, we consider a blind implementation of the full decorrelator that is based on eigendecomposition of the interference-plus-noise autocovariance matrix and can be easily modified to provide a partial decorrelator. Simulation studies illustrate the relative SINR and bit-error rate performance of the full and partial decorrelator under perfectly known and sample-average-estimated input statistics.
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3,448
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Please write an abstract with title: PC57.19.02/D2.1, Jul 2022 - IEEE Draft Standard for the Design and Performance Requirements of Bushings Applied to Liquid Immersed Distribution Transformers, and key words: IEEE Standards, Power transformers, Liquids, Insulators, Immersion cooling, Power distribution. Abstract: This standard covers electrical, mechanical, dimensional, and related requirements for non-condenser bushings used in liquid-immersed distribution transformers covered by IEEE Std C57.12.20™, IEEE Std C57.12.34™, IEEE Std C57.12.36™, and IEEE Std C57.12.38™ and that have basic impulse insulation levels (BILs) of less than or equal to 200 kV. These requirements are to be interpreted, measured, or tested in accordance with IEEE Std C57.19.00™ unless otherwise stated in this standard.
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3,449
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Please write an abstract with title: Cyberattack types - methods and technics for protection of communication resources, and key words: Ethics, Software algorithms, Laboratories, Smart homes, Information age, Software, Hardware. Abstract: The paper is focused on analysis of the main types of cyberattacks and how this can help with ethical hacking. Instead of the analysis performed for some of those attacks will be proposed a technique and specifics of algorithms for protection against them. The paper will present how ethical hacking can be implemented as a part of test process for hardware or software. Also which of the malicious actions can be successfully used in smart homes. This is becoming increasingly relevant and important for the daily live of the ordinary people.
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3,450
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Please write an abstract with title: Clear-View: A dataset for missing data in Remote Sensing Images, and key words: Satellites, Supervised learning, Sensors, Task analysis, Spatial resolution, Remote sensing, Image reconstruction. Abstract: This manuscript presents the first-ever dataset made for supervised learning on reconstructing missing data in remotely sensed data. The types of noises present in this dataset are 1) Salt and pepper noise, caused by an error in transmission, analog-digital converter error, 2) The Landsat ETM + Scan Line Corrector (SLC)-of a problem, caused because of the poor performance of satellite sensors, cross-talk between sensors, etc. 3) Presence of thick clouds in its view due to poor atmospheric conditions. Usually, the remotely sensed data suffer an information loss because of satellite sensors' internal malfunction or poor atmospheric conditions such as thick clouds. Losing any pixel due to any external/internal error leads to a huge information loss in the images due to high spatial resolution and further tasks like detection, classification, segmentation, and many more to be applied to it. Therefore, it becomes an important task to regain the lost data before applying any other algorithm. This dataset contains a total of 21,080 images with a spatial resolution of 0.3m and 1.5m. The dataset is accessible at https://sites.google.com/view/clearviewdataset.
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3,451
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Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Storage in Power Systems with High Share of Renewable Energy, and key words: Europe, Optimization, Power systems, Investment, Production, Planning, Batteries. Abstract: The European path to decarbonization of the economy implies a large share of renewable energy in the power system, which in many cases consists in variable resource renewables, such as wind and photovoltaics. Economical and available storage is needed to minimize the investments and operational costs and limit overcapacity of renewables and spillage of their production. In this paper an optimization problem is set and solved, aimed at obtaining both the optimal installed capacity and hourly operation of a power system, including the storage power and capacity. The method has been applied to the Iberian Peninsula power system of 2030 to check the optimality of the proposed generation mix. Results show that the targets may be reached with a moderate need of storage and a small amount of renewables spillage and combined cycle plants with higher capacity factor than now.
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3,452
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Please write an abstract with title: Very high negative chromatic dispersion in a dual concentric core photonic crystal fiber, and key words: Chromatic dispersion, Photonic crystal fibers, Silicon compounds, Germanium, Refractive index, Optical fiber communication, Optical fiber networks, Wavelength division multiplexing, Photonic crystals, Optimized production technology. Abstract: A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based on a particular periodic arrangement of air holes is designed for chromatic dispersion compensation. A two concentric cores structure is obtained and exhibits very high negative chromatic dispersion.
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3,453
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Please write an abstract with title: Photon number resolving detection using time-multiplexing, and key words: Convolution, Radiation detectors, Photonics Society, Optical computing, Quantum computing, Avalanche photodiodes, Optical fiber couplers, Statistical analysis, Parametric statistics, Phase measurement. Abstract: A time-multiplexed detector capable of photon number resolution was constructed. The detector is analyzed theoretically and used to verify the photon statistics of weak coherent light. Conditional state preparation using the detector is explored
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Please write an abstract with title: A novel combined SLM-PTS technique based on Genetic Algorithms for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems, and key words: Peak to average power ratio, Partial transmit sequences, Genetic algorithms, Statistics, Sociology, Wireless communication, Wireless sensor networks. Abstract: 0FDM has today becoming the modulation of choice for most modern broadband communication systems in use, either wireline or wireless. The main reasons is that OFDM provides the best usage of the available frequency band which maximizes the spectral efficiency and also its robustness to the multipath fading channel. However, OFDM has a major drawback of having a large Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). The larger peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) leads to frequency spread spectrum along with the in-band distortion, this is because of the non linearity present in the high power amplifiers.Most of the promising PAPR reduction methods are the Selective Mapping method (SLM) and Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) which can achieve better PAPR performance without signal distortion. In this paper, a novel efficient PAPR reduction method using combined SLM and PTS techniques based on the Genetic Algorithms (GA) is proposed. GA is a kind of evolutionary computing algorithms that is applied to the combined SLM-PTS technique to get optimal phase rotation factors. The simulation results show that the proposed technique performance is better than the conventional SLM, conventional PTS and combined SLM-PTS techniques and also reduces the computational burden of the combined SLM-PTS scheme.
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3,455
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Please write an abstract with title: Efficient computation of network sensitivities, and key words: Computer networks, Active filters, Transfer functions, Circuit analysis computing, Solid state circuits, Circuit analysis, Analog computers, Tunable circuits and devices, Circuit theory, Samarium. Abstract: A class of methods for generating network functions and their sensitivities, when only one element is allowed to vary, is presented. This class of methods requires either two or three circuit analyses to obtain expressions for the network function and its first order, higher order, and large-scale sensitivities for all values of the variable component. The class of the two circuit analyses methods reduces moderately the computational effort and makes better use of circuit analysis data as compared to the previous methods which employ at least three circuit analysis. The results are applicable to network functions with bilinear characteristics and can be extended to the general class of bilinear systems.
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3,456
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Please write an abstract with title: Anomaly Behavior Analysis of IoT Protocols, and key words: Internet of Things, Sensors, Computer crime, Computer architecture, Monitoring, Protocols. Abstract: Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) forecasts that there will be 4.6 billion Internet users by the end of 2021, and 27.1 billion devices connected to the Internet by the end of 2021. This increase in the number of devices on the Internet can be attributed to the increasing number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices on the Internet. IoT devices communicate with each other or over cloud‐based services via the Internet or wireless local networks like Wi‐Fi, Bluetooth, and Zigbee. As IoT devices become ubiquitous, there is a need to ensure security of these devices and the privacy of their smart services from cyberattacks.In this chapter, we present a systematic approach to model the behavior of IoT devices, perform threat modeling on IoT devices and their applications, and present solutions to detect and mitigate the impacts of attacks against their protocols such as Wi‐Fi and Bluetooth. The presented IoT architecture divides IoT/cyber‐physical systems into four functional layers: End devices, Communications, Services, and End Users/Applications. Using this four‐layer functional architecture, we use IoT threat modeling framework to identify existing IoT attack surfaces (ASs) and develop mitigations and protection methods against potential exploitations. We apply the IoT threat modeling framework to the Wi‐Fi and the Bluetooth protocols, and how our anomaly behavior analysis‐based intrusion detection systems (ABA‐IDS) can detect attacks that exploit their vulnerabilities. Our experimental results show the ABA‐IDS designed for the Wi‐Fi and the Bluetooth protocols can detect against these protocols with a high accuracy with low false positives and low false negatives.
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3,457
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Please write an abstract with title: A conversation at the intersection of race, AI, and technology with Safiya Noble, and key words: Oral communication, Artificial intelligence, Maintenance engineering, Oils, Industries, Fans, Systematics. Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings. Noble’s keynote invited three other scholars working with EDI, AI, and technology—Fan, Lubin, and Kim—to join her in conversation at the intersection of race, AI, and technology. Noble began by highlighting our current historical position, thanking the activists and researchers that paved the road for us to have these conversations today. At the same time, Noble acknowledged that the proliferation of negligent and dangerous tech has grown exponentially from 10-20 years ago, inviting us to consider the larger structural dimensions of what it means when a variety of technologies overdetermine what is possible in society based on factors such as gender, race, and sex.
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3,458
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Please write an abstract with title: Integrated fault-tolerant scheme for a DC speed drive, and key words: Fault tolerance, Uncertainty, Fault detection, Robustness, Feedback, Control system synthesis, Robust control, Filters, Mathematical model, DC motors. Abstract: In this paper, an active fault-tolerant control (FTC) scheme is presented with disturbance compensation. Fault-detection and compensation are merged together to propose a robust algorithm against model uncertainties. The GIMC control architecture is used as a feedback configuration for the active fault-tolerant scheme. The synthesis procedure for the parameters of the fault-tolerant scheme is carried out by using tools of robust control theory. A detection filter is designed for fault isolation taking into account uncertainties and disturbances in the mathematical model. Finally, the fault compensation strategy incorporates an estimate of the disturbances into the system to improve the performance of the closed-loop systems after the fault is detected. In order to illustrate these ideas, the speed regulation of a dc motor is selected as a case study, and experimental results are reported.
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3,459
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Please write an abstract with title: Efficient video object segmentation using adaptive background registration and edge-based change detection techniques, and key words: Object segmentation, Object detection, Video sequences, Change detection algorithms, Adaptive signal detection, MPEG 4 Standard, Data mining, Shape, Motion detection, Image edge detection. Abstract: The work presents an automatic and efficient video object segmentation algorithm. Moving object extraction is carried out by adaptive background model and edge-based change detection techniques. The background is updated by use of pixel history and a moving object mask. Connected component analysis and morphological filtering are employed to obtain an accurate VOP (video object plane). Finally, a novel object tracking window scheme is applied to improve the processing speed. Experimental results for three different types of MPEG-4 video sequences are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
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3,460
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Please write an abstract with title: Image Synthesis of Warli Tribal Stick figures using Generative Adversarial Networks, and key words: Training, Image resolution, Image color analysis, Image synthesis, Graphics processing units, Data visualization, Computer architecture. Abstract: With the advancement in deep learning methods, Generative Adversarial Neural Networks(GANs) have been successful in the application of Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing, and medical. It is observed to have great research potential of using GAN for Image Synthesis. GANs can generate meaningful samples from complex patters or distributions. We present a method to generate Asian Tribal human synthetic stick figures using GAN. With variety of applications the output are limited to low resolution and are unrealistic. The work includes image to image translation where the inputs are low resolution images and as the training progresses, addition of new layers lead to better or high resolution output. For this purpose, it was mandatory to train the generator and discriminator following the principles governing the concept of transfer learning and to fetch evidence of how the generated output resembles the original data set. We also extend additional visualizations of our approach and support our GAN model with images of our generated output. This piece of work includes customized data set as input, where the input images are constructed based on laws of coordinate geometry and spherical polar coordinates and final generated images to illustrate its resemblance with the actual input images. The generated images were quite efficient in faking the discriminator, contributing towards robustness, precision and viability of the stated architecture.
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3,461
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Please write an abstract with title: A System for Monitoring and Predicting the Deterioration of an Asthma Patient Based on Bayesian Networks, and key words: Medical services, Predictive models, Data models, Bayes methods, Wool, Respiratory system, Task analysis. Abstract: Asthma is a chronic disease, therefore patients need long-term medical care and daily monitoring of the condition of the disease. An important task is to predict the onset of an asthma attack in a patient in the short term. Nowadays there are systems that can assess the patient’s condition in the long term, such as ACT - Asthma Control Test and ASQ - Asthma Control Questionnaire. However, triggers such as dust, wool, excessive physical exertion, climatic factors, taking certain medications, emotional reactions can affect the disease course in the short term. The paper proposes a model based on Bayesian networks designed to predict the onset of an asthmatic attack in a patient. The model contains 14 features. A patient can evaluate features values independently with remote monitoring.
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3,462
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Please write an abstract with title: Sequence Detection Algorithm Based on Local Error Correction in Differential Frequency Hopping System, and key words: Fading channels, Fans, Error analysis, Simulation, Spread spectrum communication, Receivers, Detectors. Abstract: Differential frequency hopping is an effective way to improve the data transmission rate in frequency hopping technology. The sequence detection algorithm at the receiver is the focus of differential frequency hopping research. Aiming at the shortcomings of the existing sequence detection and reception algorithms, this paper proposes an improved sequence detection and reception algorithm, which ensures that the minimum free distance and fan out coefficient do not increase, Through the correlation before and after the differential frequency hopping frequency set, the output results of the incoherent square law energy detector are locally pre corrected to reduce the probability of continuous decision error, improve the accuracy of decision frequency, and then improve the communication performance of the differential frequency hopping communication system. The algorithm is theoretically analyzed and verified by simulation. The simulation results show that the communication performance of the system is greatly improved compared with the conventional sequence detection algorithm.
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3,463
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on Semantic Analysis Strategy in Intelligent Human-Computer Interaction System, and key words: Human computer interaction, Automation, Databases, Semantics, Natural languages, Knowledge based systems, Knowledge discovery. Abstract: To provide users with more intelligent information access interface in online answering system, this paper designs an automatic question and answer system based on LSA. The strategy uses space vector model as the representation of problems and sentences to improve the weight calculation of elements in word document matrix. Then, according to the requirements of generating semantic space process, a new answer extraction technology based on semantic role annotation is proposed. Finally, the paper provides the complete architecture and application development mode of the system through web service technology, and tests and analyzes the scheme proposed in this paper. The results show that the system can meet the requirements of users' questioning better, and it has the characteristics of saving resources, intelligence and high efficiency of execution.
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3,464
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Please write an abstract with title: CDMR: Effective Computing-Dependent Multi-Path Routing Strategies in Satellite and Terrestrial Integrated Networks, and key words: Satellites, Routing, Task analysis, Energy consumption, Computational modeling, Heuristic algorithms, Network topology. Abstract: With the development of science and technology, Satellite and Terrestrial Integrated Network (STIN) can effectively make up for the defects in the terrestrial network coverage and provide robust end-to-end transmission and computing supports for users in many communication scenarios such as emergency rescue, space exploration, and so on. However, many researchers only studied transmission or computing, ignoring that the task can be computed in task transmission. And limited by the satellite's battery resources and high dynamics, it is challenging to realize the fusion of communication and computing with the constraint of energy consumption in the high dynamic satellite network. Therefore, this paper proposes a Computing-Dependent Multi-path Routing (CDMR) paradigm to address such a challenge. In CDMR, the task is mapped to the multi-path route in STIN, and the energy consumption is taken as the optimization goal. Furthermore, the processing latency is the constraint to ensure that the optimal CDMR strategy is under latency constraint. Finally, the simulation results show that the CDMR proposed in this paper can effectively compute the task during the end-to-end transmission. Compared with other computing models, CDMR has more evident advantages in energy saving.
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3,465
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Please write an abstract with title: Multisection impedance-transforming coupled-line baluns, and key words: Impedance matching, Coupling circuits, Microstrip, Bandwidth, Frequency, Microwave integrated circuits, MMICs, Equations, Application specific integrated circuits, Monolithic integrated circuits. Abstract: A new class of multisection impedance-transforming coupled-line baluns is presented in this paper. It is based on the quarter-wavelength coupled-line balun. By cascading several coupled and uncoupled-line sections, broad-band baluns with good amplitude and phase balance can be realized using simple microstrip coupled lines. The resulting circuit has a simple structure with minimal discontinuities that is highly suited for very high-frequency applications. Simple design equations and experimental verifications will be presented. Using microstrip coupled sections with even-mode impedance of 159 /spl Omega/, the fabricated balun achieved 0.5-dB amplitude balance over 30% bandwidth. With higher even-mode impedance, almost perfect amplitude balance was achieved over 100% bandwidth.
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3,466
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Please write an abstract with title: Identification of Colorectal Cancer in pathological images Using CNN Algorithm, and key words: Solid modeling, Shape, Imaging, Machine learning, Convolutional neural networks, Task analysis, Surface treatment. Abstract: With the advent of machine learning-based approaches, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) relying on histopathological imaging has advanced fast in several recent years. Traditionally, features derived from images, such as textures or morphological characteristic properties, are used to train a classifier. As of late, profound deep‐‐learning-based techniques have been applied straightforwardly to the crude (natural) information. In any case, their convenience is affected by the scarcity of explained information in the biomedical area. To use the learning abilities of profound deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) inside the bounds of restricted named information, the proposed approach examines the exchange learning approaches that intend to apply the information acquired from addressing a source (e.g., non-clinical) issue, to learn better prescient models for the objective (e.g., biomedical) task. As another option, another versatile and minimal CNN-based engineering architecture that can be prepared without any preparation even on scant and low-goal information is proposed. In addition, quantitative relative assessments are led among the conventional strategies, move learning-based techniques, and the proposed versatile methodology for the specific errand of disease recognition and recognizable proof from scant and low-goal histology pictures. The major difference between deep CNN and other conventional CNN is stratified patch convolution techniques are used which reduces the overall cost all well can obtain features even from the abstract segment also. Preposterous benchmark dataset framed, for this reason, the proposed versatile methodology accomplished a higher disease recognition exactness with a critical hole, though the deep profound CNNs with move learning accomplished a prevalent malignancy(cancer) recognizable proof.
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3,467
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on Parameter Adaptive Control Strategy of Virtual Synchronous Generator, and key words: Damping, Time-frequency analysis, Transfer functions, Rotors, Synchronous generators, Inverters, Mathematical models. Abstract: The virtual synchronous generator control introduces the synchronous generator rotor motion equation into the control of the grid-connected inverter to realize the friendly grid connection of the distributed power source. However, a part of the dynamic adjustment performance of the grid-connected inverter is lost. Improper selection of the moment of inertia and damping coefficient of the virtual synchronous generator may cause the "rocking" oscillation phenomenon, which is similar to the synchronous generator, appearing in the grid-connected inverter, and even cause the grid-connected inverter to be off-grid. Therefore, the virtual synchronous generator parameter adaptive control is proposed for the moment of inertia and damping coefficient. Firstly, the mathematical model of the virtual synchronous generator is established, and the influences of moment of inertia and damping coefficient on the performances of virtual synchronous generator is analyzed. Furthermore, the adaptive control of moment of inertia and damping coefficient is introduced into the virtual synchronous generator control. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation. The results show that the parameter adaptive virtual synchronous generator control improves the system response speed and reduces effectively the virtual synchronous generator frequency and power overshoot, compared with the fixed-parameter virtual synchronous generator control.
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3,468
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Please write an abstract with title: Demand Response Strategy of Flexible Resource Based on Multi-stage Decision-making, and key words: Schedules, Renewable energy sources, Uncertainty, Load forecasting, Decision making, Demand response, Regulation. Abstract: Demand response (DR) is a kind of regulation technique which is of paramount importance for the new power system dominated by a large amount of renewable energy. Considering the response speed and the duration that the flexible resources can last are different and the uncertainty of flexible resources response will decrease as time approaches the response time, a demand response model of multiple types of flexible resources under different stages is established. urthermore, with the goal of maximizing the net income of users who participate demand response, a multi-stage decision demand response strategy of flexible resource is proposed based on the characteristics of flexible resources that have multiple time scales. The case study shows that this strategy could make full use of multiple types of flexible resource with different response speed and different duration to obtain benefits from demand response.
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3,469
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Please write an abstract with title: Symbol Error Rate Performance of Hybrid DF/AF Relaying Protocol Using Particle Swarm Optimization Based Power Allocation, and key words: Symbol Error Rate, Amplify-and-Forward, Maximum ratio combining, Decode-and-Forward, Power Allocation. Abstract: Cooperative communications technique receive a lot of interest, to combat frequency selectivity fading of wireless channels. Cooperative protocols are used to increase the total capacity, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and reduced the Symbol Error Rate (SER) in wireless communication systems. The performance of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based Power Allocation (PA) for Proposed Hybrid Decode and Forward (DF)/Amplify and Forward (AF) Relaying Protocol using Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) technique with Mary-Phase Shift Keying (M-PSK) Modulation over Rayleigh fading and Rician fading is presented in this paper. The results are compared with exiting AF and DF relaying protocols. Hybrid DF/AF Relaying Protocol achieves reduced SER compared to the existing AF and DF relaying protocol.
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3,470
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Please write an abstract with title: An ADRC-Based Hardware-in-the-Loop System for Maximum Power Point Tracking of a Wind Power Generation System, and key words: Wind power generation, Wind turbines, Field programmable gate arrays, Generators, Real-time systems, Wind speed, Maximum power point trackers. Abstract: To improve the efficiency of the wind power generation, this article proposes an active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) based MPPT strategy, and establishes a LabVIEW FPGA platform based hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test system. Firstly, the configuration, operation principle, mathematical model and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control strategy of the wind power generation are analyzed. According to the angular speed tracking motion equation of the wind turbine, the ADRC based MPPT strategy is designed. Secondly, the real-time simulation model of wind speed, wind turbine and PMSG, as well as MPPT rapid control prototype (RCP) are developed by using PXI-FPGA architecture on the LabVIEW RT real-time operation platform. Then, by building a power converter and connecting it to the PXI-FPGA real-time operation platform, the HIL test system is established. Finally, the HIL real-time simulation tests are conducted with various wind speed conditions. The results not only prove the correctness of ADRC based MPPT strategy, but also demonstrate that the HIL system is an efficient tool for application in wind power generation development.
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3,471
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Please write an abstract with title: The Problem of Determining the Level of Lightning Protection for Electrical Substations by the Risk Assessment Method, and key words: Current control, Substations, Terminology, Lightning protection, Hazards, Critical infrastructure, Risk management. Abstract: Electrical substations of 220−750 kV are objects of critical infrastructure with a complex branched technical system, various communications, and expensive equipment. Current regulations provide only general concepts and calculation methods for the simplest objects; however, the issue of arranging a lightning protection system with a combination of mesh, cable, and rod lightning rods for complex power facilities has not been considered. The aim of this study was to systematize the parameters and determine the directions of research on the development of risk assessment methods for determining the level of lightning protection of existing substations with a voltage class of 220−750 kV. Using analysis and synthesis methods, the parameters influencing the risk components were identified and systematized to determine the level of lightning protection, which was performed using the risk assessment method. It has been shown that two components should be considered when determining the level of lightning protection using the risk assessment method for energy facilities: the risk of loss of human life and the risk of loss of services to the public. Areas of research with further development of the risk assessment methodology for 220−750 kV substations are outlined. The parameters for the risk assessment were grouped according to the characteristics of the energy facility, such as location, dimensions, mode of operation of personnel, and line characteristics. The transition from generalized concepts for basic parameters of the risk assessment method to terminology of power plants and substations is performed, and components and parameters that are not considered are identified, which simplifies the determination of the level of lightning protection for existing electrical substations with a voltage class of 220−750 kV
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3,472
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on Topology Identification of Distribution Network Under the Background of Big Data, and key words: Correlation, Network topology, Redundancy, Distribution networks, Big Data, Topology, Velocity measurement. Abstract: Traditional identification of distribution network topology needs to rely on manual identification and verification, which has the problems of low identification rate and poor accuracy. Under the current background of power big data, effective results can be obtained by fully mining the potential effective information of big data and applying it to the identification of distribution network topology structure. This paper presents a line-to-line relationship identification method based on the maximum correlation minimum redundancy method and a line-to-transformer relationship identification method based on the conversion of three-phase unbalanced outlet voltage. The voltage acquisition system is fully utilized, and the maximum correlation minimum redundancy method (mRMR) is used to eliminate the redundancy of feature variables in line-to-line relationship identification to obtain the most accurate correlation results. In the identification of line-transformer relationship, the conversion method of three-phase unbalanced outlet voltage is adopted to eliminate the influence of misjudgment caused by three-phase unbalanced voltage and improve the identification accuracy. The identification method proposed in this paper is applied to the topology identification of a regional distribution network. By comparison with the actual topology, the identification accuracy is up to 99.78% and the effect is remarkable.
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3,473
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Please write an abstract with title: Application of a wavefront sensor based on matched filtering for setting up a laser radiation collimator, and key words: Optical filters, Collimators, Matched filters, Optical diffraction, Adaptive optics, Optical sensors, Laser tuning. Abstract: The paper investigates the efficiency of using two types of wavefront sensors based on a multichannel diffractive optical element for fine tuning of a laser radiation collimator. First sensor is matched with the Zernike basis functions, and the second - with wave aberrations. A comparative analysis of the obtained numerical and experimental results is carried out.
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3,474
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Please write an abstract with title: Fault Detection in Grid Connected PV System using Artificial Neural Network, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Fault diagnosis, Artificial neural networks, Data models, Circuit faults, Character recognition, Matlab. Abstract: In the near future, Photovoltaic (PV) will play an main role in power generation. Though, the associated drawback with this system is regular maintenance. PV panels can undergo fault over long days of use checking the panel manually under working condition is not recommended, as it cause danger to operator. Thus, this paper present identification of occurrence short circuit fault in the PV panel which is connected to the grid by using Artificial Neutral Network in MATLAB software, in order to reduce the workmen effort and also to reduce the time consumption to identify the occurrence of fault.
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3,475
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Please write an abstract with title: Framework for Cloud based Open Source VLSI Design, and key words: Cloud computing, Tools, Very large scale integration, Servers, Containers, Hardware design languages, Random access memory. Abstract: VLSI design is an important process towards continued development in hardware technology. Adoption of open source technology for VLSI design is generating huge interest among research communities. Open source platforms provide inherent advantages of lower cost, scaled up development and enhanced collaborative integrated management. The paper proposes a novel cloud-based platform for VLSI design that is enabled through Application Programming Interfaces. The open source framework is called CloudFlow. The proposed framework enhances ease of access to VLSI design tools by eliminating need for system reservation and elaborate configuration. CloudFlow has been deployed on Amazon Web Services, tested with a sample design for Random Access Memory module and evaluated. Proposed methodology achieves reduction in latency and provides enhanced ease of access. Inferences drawn for proposed deployment indicate that cloud-based open source approaches to VLSI design ushers in huge benefits and holds potential for further exploitation.
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3,476
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Please write an abstract with title: Effect of Mode-Area Dispersion on Ultrafast Nonlinear Dynamics in Gas-Filled Anti-Resonant Hollow-Core Fibers, and key words: Optical fiber dispersion, Mathematical model, Optimized production technology, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Fiber nonlinear optics. Abstract: We numerically investigate the effect of mode-area dispersion on nonlinear pulse propagation dynamics in gas-filled anti-resonant hollow-core fibers. We find that this effect becomes nonnegligible when the system is pumped close to the zero dispersion.
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3,477
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Please write an abstract with title: Application of Nonlinear Model Predictive Control to Quadcopter Equipped with Internal Control System, and key words: Photography, Target tracking, Trajectory tracking, Surveillance, Quaternions, Control systems, Autonomous aerial vehicles. Abstract: The object used in this study is an unmanned aerial vehicle (a quadcopter) equipped with an internal control system that has a target position and yaw angle as input commands. Simple internal control systems in quadcopters often show limited performance, especially when quadcopters attempt to track trajectories with large velocities. This study applies a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) method to improve the tracking performance of quadcopters equipped with simple internal control systems. The NMPC is introduced because it can take the motion of the quadcopter arising from the internal control system into consideration. This study also handles the control of the yaw angle in addition to the tracking of the position, which is required in some applications, such as aerial photography and surveillance. We evaluated the proposed method through a simulation with the task of tracking a sinusoidal trajectory and facing its direction of movement. In the simulation, the proposed method showed a performance that could not be accomplished using only the internal control system. This result indicates that determining the command with NMPC improves the tracking performance of the position.
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3,478
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Please write an abstract with title: Robust Localization of Signal Source Based on Information Fusion, and key words: Sensors, Robustness, Time-domain analysis, Iterative methods, Wireless communication, Time-frequency analysis. Abstract: A robust algorithm for locating the signal source is proposed based on information fusion from different domains to improve the passive localization accuracy under the non-line-of-sight (NLoS) environment. The localization scenario is established by utilizing the information about energy domain, time domain, and frequency domain. The Cramer-Rao lower bounds are derived, and the performance improvement is proved in different domains. By substituting NLoS bias with the statistical average, the localization equations of information fusion are established. A nonconvex localization problem is transformed into a generalized trust domain subproblem by introducing the squared range and the weighted least squares. The position and velocity of the source are obtained by using the bisection procedure. An iterative method is used to estimate the NLoS deviation and refine the position accuracy simultaneously. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed algorithm.
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3,479
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Please write an abstract with title: Semi-insulating Te-saturated CdTe, and key words: Temperature, Detectors, Cooling, Semiconductor process modeling, Tellurium, Charge carrier density, Doping, Crystalline materials, Physics, Annealing. Abstract: The evolution of defect structure and self-compensation is theoretically studied within quasichemical formalism in undoped and donor-doped Te-saturated CdTe during the cooling in the temperature interval 700/spl deg/C-100/spl deg/C. We show, that proper thermal treatment, including low temperature (cca 200/spl deg/C) dwell, allows to prepare semi-insulating CdTe with deep level doping below the limit 10/sup 13/ cm/sup -3/, which is demanded in detector industry. New high-temperature transport data are used to refine on previous native defect properties for the modeling. Variant defect models are analyzed. Diffusion rates at lowered temperature are annotated to approve the model for real-time experimental verification.
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3,480
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Please write an abstract with title: Projecting Web services using presence communication protocols for pervasive computing, and key words: Web services, Pervasive computing, Collaboration, Access protocols, Context-aware services, Context, Availability, Pattern matching, Broadcasting, Ubiquitous computing. Abstract: This paper presents an approach for the integration of Web Services with presence-based communication services for the purpose of facilitating pervasive computing. A principal goal for pervasive computing is to be able to have easy and secure access to services based on the context of the situation. Service discovery protocols are a key component in achieving this goal but the ability to successfully discover the appropriate services using service discovery is minimal. For many communication and collaborative sessions pushing of services to participants of the sessions is more effective. The approach presented integrates Web services description language (WSDL) with presence-based communications in order to advertise services connected a communication session.
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3,481
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Please write an abstract with title: Compact Multi-Photons Quantum Interference Component for Integrated Quantum Optic Device, and key words: Photonics, Interference, Couplers, Quantum entanglement, Optical device fabrication, Optical receivers, Optical sensors. Abstract: Complex multi-photon quantum interference states are indispensable requisites for integrated quantum optic processing and quantum communication technologies. Here, two mode interference (TMI) coupler has been presented to demonstrate HOM model of multi-photons (N > 2) Quantum interference. The experiment of three and four photons quantum interference have been performed and coincidence rate of three and four photons quantum interference have been measured and quantum visibilities are obtained as ~ 0.783 ± 0.009 and ~ 0.85 ± 0.009 respectively at 3 dB TMI coupling length of 11.5 μm. High fabrication tolerance of quantum fidelity of TMI coupler has been achieved due to having less number of design parameters in comparison to directional coupler and multimode interference coupler. Our results pave the way to achieve multi-photons quantum entanglement in compact device.
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3,482
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Please write an abstract with title: A New Method to Suppress Non-Wave Components in Sea Echoes of Coherent Microwave Radar Based on Radon Transform and Fourier Transform, and key words: Transforms, Radar, Discrete Fourier transforms, Surface waves, Sea surface, Microwave theory and techniques, Microwave filters. Abstract: Coherent microwave radar is one of the effective devices for ocean wave measurements. However, the accuracy of wave inversion is significantly affected by the non-gravity wave components (referred to as non-wave components in this work) such as broken waves and shadows in the sea echoes. In this article, a new method based on the Radon transform and discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is proposed to suppress the non-wave components. First, the spatial–temporal velocities are calculated based on the raw data obtained from coherent microwave radar. Second, the Radon transform and DFT are performed on the spatial–temporal velocities to obtain the distribution of the spatial–temporal velocities in the Radon–Fourier transform domain. Following this, non-wave components are eliminated in accordance with the phase velocity and frequency distribution of the wave components. To validate the method, we analyzed the experimental data collected with a coherent S-band radar in Weihai in December 2021. After removing the non-wave components from the radar echoes, we invert three wave parameters including peak wave period, peak wave direction, and significant wave height and compare them with the in situ data. The results indicate that the method can effectively remove the non-wave components from the wave echoes without any empirical parameters.
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3,483
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Please write an abstract with title: Multi-scale Fusion and Global Semantic Encoding for Affordance Detection, and key words: Affordances, Computational modeling, Semantics, Neural networks, Detectors, Feature extraction, Encoding. Abstract: Affordance detection is of great importance in robot operational tasks, due to its capability of helping robots effectively interact with objects. Many affordance detectors have been proposed, primarily based on two-stage object detection, significantly suffering from the slow detection speed. Hence, recent years have saw the popularity of one-stage affordance detectors based on encoder-decoder structures that adopt dilated convolutions to extract high-resolution feature maps. However, dilated convolutions on high resolution features tend to be computation and memory-intensive, greatly limiting the practicality of one-stage detectors. To address the issue, this paper proposes a novel convolution neural network (CNN) based encoder-decoder architecture, without the need of adopting dilated convolution. A repeated multi-scale feature-map-fusion network is introduced to produce high-resolution features, effectively improving the feature representation performance of the model. Besides, a semantic encode module is embedded to capture global semantic information and enhance category-relevant feature maps. Extensive experiments show that the proposed framework outperforms the start-of-art methods with only 1/2 of the computational cost, while maintaining the inference at the speed of 26ms per image, indicating the promising affordance-detection performance of our network on IIT-AFF dataset and UMD dataset.
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3,484
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Please write an abstract with title: Wave propagation in the poro-viscoelastic orthorhombic two-phase media: plane-wave theory and wavefield simulation, and key words: Elasticity and anelasticity, Seismic anisotropy, Seismic attenuation, Fracture and flow, Numerical modelling. Abstract: Most researches on the Biot-squirt (BISQ) model are limited to the poroelastic transverse isotropic (TI) media. Actually, the poro-viscoelasticity and the orthorhombic anisotropy are closer to the realistic properties of many reservoir media. Therefore, we expand the BISQ model theory to the poro-viscoelastic orthorhombic media and develop the corresponding constitutive relation and 3-D wave equations in the time domain. Here, the generalized Zener linear body model is introduced to describe the relaxation effect of the solid skeleton, and the pore fluid is assumed to be saturated. The expressions of the complex and phase velocities for two quasi-compressional waves qP fast (qP1) and qP slow (qP2), and two quasi-shear waves qS1 and qS2 are obtained from the homogeneous plane-wave analysis, respectively. While introducing the viscoelasticity to our model, the attenuation value predicted by the conventional quality factor is not accurate, and the group velocity representing the position of the wave front in the poroelastic model becomes meaningless. So we derive the novel quality factor and the energy velocity expression by invoking the energy balance equation and the Poynting theorem. Two examples are implemented. First, the 3-D multicomponent wavefield is simulated. The snapshots show the orthorhombic anisotropy and viscoelastic effects lead to significant changes in the wavefield. The comparison to the synthetic seismogram in the poroelastic model indicates that the relaxed skeleton can describe the strong attenuation of seismic waves in the seismic exploration band. Secondly, the variations in the velocities and the quality factor curves with propagation direction, frequency and porosity are analysed. Both examples present the characteristics of wave propagation in the poro-viscoelastic orthorhombic media and validate the correctness of the proposed theory and equations.
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3,485
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Please write an abstract with title: Context-dependent Label Smoothing Regularization for Attention-based End-to-End Code-Switching Speech Recognition, and key words: Smoothing methods, Error analysis, Linguistics, Predictive models, Entropy, Speech processing, Context modeling. Abstract: Previous works utilize the context-independent (CI) label smoothing regularization (LSR) method to prevent attention-based End-to-End (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) model, which is trained with a cross entropy loss function and hard labels, from making over-confident predictions. But the CI LSR method does not make use of linguistic knowledge within and between languages in the case of code-switching speech recognition (CSSR). In this paper, we propose the context-dependent (CD) LSR method. According to code-switching linguistic knowledge, the output units are classified into several categories and several context dependency rules are made. Under the guidance of the context dependency rules, prior label distribution is generated dynamically according to the category of historical context, rather than being fixed. Thus, the CD LSR method can utilize the linguistic knowledge in the case of CSSR to further improve the performance of the model. Experiments on the SEAME corpus demonstrate the effects of the proposed method. The final system with the CD LSR method achieves the best performance with 37.21% mixed error rate (MER), obtaining up to 3.7% relative MER reduction compared to the baseline system with no LSR method.
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3,486
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Please write an abstract with title: Design of band-pass micromachined filters based on fixed-fixed beam resonators, and key words: Band pass filters, Resonator filters, Circuits, Large Hadron Collider, Frequency, Q factor, Bandwidth, Mechanical systems, Young's modulus, Silicon. Abstract: Cascaded, two- and three-stages band-pass filters based on fixed-fixed beam micromechanical resonators have been designed for central frequencies F/sub 1/=10 MHz and F/sub 2/=20 MHz. Quality factors Q=500 have been predicted, under vacuum conditions, for a 3-dB bandwidth BW=0.2%. Insertion losses in the order of 1 to 2 dB have been evaluated.
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3,487
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Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent and Reliable Deep Learning LSTM Neural Networks-Based OFDM-DCSK Demodulation Design, and key words: Chaotic communication, Demodulation, Reliability, Binary phase shift keying, Feature extraction, Training, OFDM. Abstract: Chaos communications have widely been applied to provide secure, and anti-jamming transmissions by exploiting the irregular chaotic behavior. However, the real-valued chaotic sequences imposed on the information induce interferences to the user data, thereby leading to reliability performance degradations. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose to utilize the intelligent, and feature extraction capability of the deep neural network (DNN) to learn the transmission patterns to demodulate the received signals. In our design, we propose to construct the long short-term memory (LSTM) unit-aided intelligent DNN-based deep learning (DL) demodulator for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-aided differential chaos shift keying (OFDM-DCSK) systems. After learning, and extracting features of information-bearing chaotic transmissions at the training stage, the received signals can be recovered efficiently, and reliably at the deployment stage. Thanks to the recursive LSTM-aided DL design, correlations between information-bearing chaotic modulated signals can be exploited to enhance reliability performances. Simulation results demonstrate with the proposed DL demodulation design, the intelligent OFDM-DCSK system can achieve more reliable performances over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, and fading channels compared with benchmark systems.
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3,488
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Please write an abstract with title: Stochastic Recursive Zero-Sum Differential Game and Mixed Zero-Sum Differential Game Problem with Payoff Functional in BDSDES, and key words: Stochastic processes, Games, Differential games, Differential equations, Pricing, Production, Tools. Abstract: In this paper, we study stochastic recursive (mixed) zero-sum differential game and this game problem' payoff functional is depicted by the forms of a backward doubly stochastic differential equation'solution. The major means are backward doubly stochastic differential equations (BDSDEs) and double-barrier reflected BDSDEs.in such case, we confirmed the truth of that a saddle point of the stochastic recursive differential game problem above-mentioned is existed and obtained the optimal payoff functional.
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3,489
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Please write an abstract with title: Efficient reachability analysis of bounded Petri nets using constraint programming, and key words: Reachability analysis, Petri nets, Mathematical programming, Fires, Decision making, Graphical models, Concurrent computing, Operations research, Scheduling, Terminology. Abstract: In this paper, we consider the Petri net (PNs) reachability problem, which consists of finding transition firing sequences leading to a given target marking. We focus on bounded Petri nets for which we develop a correct and complete algorithm using the logical abstraction technique proposed by Benasser and Yim. We define for that the PN sequential depth parameter, which corresponds to the maximal number of transitions to fire in order to reach any marking of the reachability graph.
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3,490
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Please write an abstract with title: Frequency Characterization of Medium Voltage Cables for Fault Prevention Through Multi-Valued Neural Networks and Power Line Communication Technologies, and key words: Cable characterization, failure prevention, line modelling, medium voltage cables, multi-valued neurons, neural networks, power line communications, vector network analyzer. Abstract: This paper proposes a new prognostic method capable of preventing catastrophic failures in Medium Voltage (MV) power cables. The main objective is the development of a monitoring system focused on the detection and localization of cable overtemperatures in underground distribution networks. The predictive analysis proposed here is based on a Multi-Layer neural network with Multi-Valued Neurons (MLMVN), which elaborates measurements of high frequency signals transmitted through Power Line Communication (PLC) devices. Therefore, the prognostic method does not require the introduction of additional components since the power line is already equipped with a communication system. This allows low intrusion and the possibility of monitoring power lines during their operation. Furthermore, the MLMVN-based classifier processes magnitude and phase of the received signals without preliminary coding steps and ensures a low computational cost. The main theoretical concept on which the predictive analysis is based is the detection of malfunctions starting from their effects on the cable parameters. For this reason, an RG7H1M1 cable has been experimentally characterized in the frequency range between 90 kHz and 1 MHz, both in nominal conditions and in overheating situations generated by means of a climatic chamber. The changes in the electrical parameters of the cable modify the transmitted signal and the monitoring system proposed here allows the identification and localization of the overheated section with high accuracy.
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3,491
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Please write an abstract with title: Improved Situational Awareness for Power Distribution Systems Based on WLAV Estimator and Direct Load Flow Solution, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Power engineering, Urban areas, Estimation, Power distribution, Phasor measurement units, Load modeling. Abstract: With high renewable penetration, increasing popularity of electrical vehicles and rapid growth of electrical system especially in urban areas, modern distribution power systems are becoming more complex. Having situational awareness of the system is crucial for system operator both to have knowledge on the current state of the system and where to improve infrastructure. In this paper an application of a situational awareness tool for an active distribution power system is discussed. Improvements on the information gathered about the system with situational awareness tool are given as well.
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3,492
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Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Influential Factors for Inventory Forecasting Systems, and key words: Forecasting, Economics, Inventory management, Meteorology, Support vector machines, Predictive models, Machine learning. Abstract: Inventory forecasting aims to predict, demand of a specific product in future, and reserve the amount of products, based on the forecasting results. An accurate and reliable inventory prediction can avoid product overstocking and greatly reduce the maintenance cost. There are many factors which cause a direct or indirect impact on the accuracy of inventory forecasting. But researchers have taken only one or two aspects into consideration when implementing inventory forecasting systems. In this paper, four major economic and meteorological factors are analyzed, that directly affect customers' demand for expendable goods in supermarkets and a fair attempt is made to summarize, all related researches done in the domain. Also, a novel forecasting solution is proposed based on those major factors, which will be developed as an accurate machine learning based inventory forecasting system for supermarkets, in the near future, to fill the gaps in existing solutions.
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3,493
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Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear H/sub /spl infin// speed control of permanent magnet synchronous motors, and key words: Permanent magnet motors, Velocity control, Synchronous motors, Robust control, Nonlinear control systems, Control systems, Uncertain systems, Uncertainty, Nonlinear systems, Taylor series. Abstract: In this paper, nonlinear H/sub /spl infin// control strategy is applied to speed control of permanent magnet synchronous motors. This motor is increasingly used in many application due to its excellent efficiency, so we need to have some efficient tools to speed control of that. The performance of a permanent magnet synchronous motor is affected by the nonlinear nature of its dynamics. Additionally, some of the parameters are varying during the operation and there is uncertainty in the mechanical parameters of the motor. For these reasons, a robust nonlinear control algorithm seems to be the best choice. Nonlinear H/sub /spl infin// control action has the characteristics of such control, i.e., it has robust performance in response to external disturbances and parameter uncertainty as well as capability in dealing with nonlinear systems. In order to obtain the nonlinear H/sub /spl infin// control law, some inequalities so-called Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs (HJI) should be solved. It is so difficult, if not impossible, to find an exact closed solution of HJI inequalities. However, there are some approximate solutions. One of these possible solutions is the use of Taylor series expansion that would be used in this paper. Using this method, the nonlinear H/sub /spl infin// control law of order three is obtained and its performance is compared with that of linearized counterpart, i.e., the first order approximated controller. Simulation results show better performance for higher order approximated controller that of lower order one in response to load torque variations and mechanical parameter uncertainty.
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3,494
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Please write an abstract with title: Research on non-uniformity correction based on blackbody calibration, and key words: Temperature measurement, Image quality, Interpolation, Conferences, Real-time systems, Hardware, Temperature control. Abstract: The non-uniformity of digital response of the infrared temperature measurement system which based on infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) seriously affects the temperature accuracy and image quality. In this paper, three non-uniformity correction (NUC) methods are performed to eliminate the non-uniformity, namely, the one-point correction (OPC), two-point correction (TPC) and multi-point correction (MPC) algorithms. A high precision blackbody radiation source is used for calibration experiments. This paper also verifies that the difference in calibrated ambient temperature will affect the correction effect and the correction temperature. The NUC results are evaluated by two aspects of subjective and objective evaluation. The experimental results show that the TPC correction effect is similar to MPC and is superior to OPC method. The non-uniformity degree can be reduced 12.35% compared to the original non-uniformity.
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3,495
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Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Investigation of Traction Motor Bearings Considering Rotor Eccentricity in a Locomotive, and key words: Vibrations, Torque, Simulation, Dynamics, Rotors, Traction motors, Traction power supplies. Abstract: Rotor eccentricity is a common fault in traction motors that directly affects the stability of the locomotive system. A locomotive-track coupled spatial dynamics model with traction power transmissions was established by considering the effect of rotor eccentricity in this study. The time-varying gear mesh forces, nonlinear wheel-rail contact forces, internal interactions between the components of the motor bearing, and dynamic forces induced by the rotor eccentricity, namely centrifugal force of the rotor, rotor-motor rub-impact force, and unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP), were comprehensively considered in the proposed model. The results indicated that rotor eccentricity affects the vibrations of the traction motor significantly. Additionally, the working condition of motor bearings was deteriorated by the rotor eccentricity, which was reflected by the increase in contact forces between the roller and races. The load region of the non-driving end bearing varies with the angular position of the rotor under the effect of rotor eccentricity. The proposed dynamics model will contribute in understanding and controlling the nonlinear dynamic behavior of locomotive traction motors.
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3,496
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Please write an abstract with title: Low Common-Mode Noise Full-Bridge <i>LLC</i> Resonant Converter With Balanced Resonant Tank, and key words: Capacitors, Equivalent circuits, Electromagnetic interference, Resonant converters, Windings, Inductors, Density measurement. Abstract: This article proposes a low common-mode (CM) noise full-bridge LLC resonant converter with two balanced resonant tanks. In the proposed converter, each resonant inductor and capacitor is divided into two components with the same value. The CM current flowing through parasitic capacitors of the transformer is reduced due to the balanced resonant tank. Moreover, the CM noise can be significantly reduced by adjacently locating the primary and secondary layers with the same dv/dt characteristic. Therefore, the proposed converter decreases the CM noise generated from the planar transformer (PT) by the balanced resonant tank and proposed layer arrangement of PT and achieves a high power density with a decreased size of the electromagnetic interference filter. The validity of the proposed converter is verified by a 1.5-kW prototype with 400-V input and 270-420-V output.
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3,497
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Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive control of nonlinear-parametrized model: a systematic approach, and key words: Adaptive control, Error correction, Neural networks, Process control, Design methodology, Robust stability, Nonlinear control systems, Control systems, Upper bound, Robust control. Abstract: A design method of adaptive control of processes, which include nonlinear-parametrized models such as three-layered neural networks or wavelet networks, is proposed. That control scheme is derived as a solution of a particular nonlinear H/sub /spl infin// control problem, and is shown to be robust to various errors contained in the nonlinear-parametrized models, and the stability of overall system is assured. Additionally, in the resulting control schemes, the control errors can be made arbitrarily small, even if the nonlinear-parametrized models are not good approximators.
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3,498
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Please write an abstract with title: Energy Storage Integrated Solar PV Arrays Based Microgrid Control Unified to 3P4W Grid, and key words: Current control, Perturbation methods, Microgrids, Power system harmonics, Harmonic analysis, Steady-state, Voltage control. Abstract: This work presents a new control for a battery energy storage (BES) integrated solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays-based microgrid (MG) synchronised to the three phase four wire (3P4W) grid. The maximum power is obtained via two PV arrays through distinctive maximum power point (MPP) tracking technique. A boost converter is utilized to connect the first PV array at the main voltage source converter (VSC) DC link, where a BES is also linked to it. In the single stage topology, the second PV array’s output is integrated directly at ancillary VSC’s DC link. The main VSC’s control approach is based on the current control technique under the grid interactive mode and during the grid discontinuation, it shifts to the voltage control approach under an islanded mode of operation. The rating of MG is enhanced as the terminals of each VSC in parallel, are connected at the point of common coupling (PCC). The nonlinear loads are integrated VSC’s terminals. The solar power is fed to the grid in the grid interactive mode and the system’s operational reliability is enhanced in the standalone mode. The main VSC’s dual mode smooth control is implemented via the power electronics switch. At PCC, the main VSC voltage control, sustains the frequency and voltage, therefore, the ancillary VSC’s, operation is always with the current control. An incessant power is distributed to the load side. The utilization of PV array power feed-forward term in the current control of VSCs enhance the dynamic performance. The system compensates the neutral current and takes care power quality concerns i.e. alleviation of current harmonics and power factor improvement. In the MATLAB environment, the microgrid behaviour is perceived satisfactory under steady state and dynamic circumstances such as, solar power perturbation, load unbalance and load perturbation.
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3,499
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Please write an abstract with title: Bio-Magnetic/Eddy-Current Sensor Design for Biological Object Detection, and key words: Biology, Biosensors, Conductivity, Object detection, Magnetic resonance imaging, Tumors. Abstract: Estimations of electrical conductivity are essential for biological object detection. This paper presents a distributed current source (DCS) based method to develop a bio-magnetic/eddy-current (Bio-M/EC) sensor for biological object detection. The DCS method directly calculates magnetic flux densities (MFDs) generated by the eddy-current induced in the biological object, which accounts for the effects of displacement current. The electromotive force (EMF) of the differential coil system is formulated in a closed-form solution to numerically investigate the effects of sweep frequency analysis applied on the Bio-M/EC sensor for biological object classification and tumor detection. The proposed method, along with a prototype of Bio-M/EC sensor, has been experimentally compared using sweep frequency analysis for detecting meat and bone.
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