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9,400 | Please write an abstract with title: An integer programming approach to inductive learning using genetic algorithm, and key words: Linear programming, Genetic algorithms, Electronic mail, Learning systems, Machine learning, Convergence, Performance analysis, Frequency. Abstract: We propose an improved inductive learning method to derive classification rules that correctly describe most of the examples belonging to a class and do not describe most of the examples not belonging to this class. The problem is represented as a modification of the set covering problems solved by a genetic algorithm. The results are very encouraging. |
9,401 | Please write an abstract with title: Heterodyne gain and noise measurement of a 1.5 µm resonant semiconductor laser amplifier, and key words: Noise measurement, Resonance, Laser noise, Semiconductor lasers, Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Semiconductor device noise, Gain measurement, Signal to noise ratio, Degradation, High power amplifiers. Abstract: The noise and gain characteristics of a 1.5μm resonant semiconductor laser amplifier have been measured. A heterodyne detection scheme was used to measure the gain and noise properties relevant to coherent communication applications. Measurements were made with the amplifier operating in unsaturated, saturated, and injection-locked regimes. Unsaturated internal gain as high as 29 dB was measured with the amplifier operating close to threshold. Measured signal-to-noise ratios agree well with calculated results and are 9 dB below the input quantum shot noise limit. A degradation in the amplifier performance is observed when operated above or at threshold. Gain saturation for high input powers also degrades the noise characteristics of the amplifier. |
9,402 | Please write an abstract with title: The complex antenna factor of broadband, wire-cage biconical dipoles, and key words: Broadband antennas, Dipole antennas, Antenna measurements, Magnetic field measurement, Numerical simulation, Wire, Receiving antennas, Time domain analysis, Frequency measurement, Magnetic sensors. Abstract: Previous studies on wire-cage biconical dipoles including "calculable" biconical dipoles have considered only the scalar antenna factor. The complex antenna factor (CAF) allows determination of both amplitude and phase information for the incident field and is necessary for the recovery of nonsinusoidal waveforms from measured data. Here we present numerical simulations of the complex effective length and the CAF for a precision wire cage biconical design. Also, we present an extension to the widely-used standard site approach to allow accurate measurement of CAF. |
9,403 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis Of Brain Tumor Segmentation using Convolutional Neural Network with Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and key words: Tumors, Image segmentation, Magnetic resonance imaging, Clustering algorithms, Classification algorithms, Feature extraction, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: Computer vision plays a vital role in human health care area. The various applications of these techniques have been playing a key role in reducing physicians judgment in diagnosis. Especially, in the case of brain related cases, it is suggested and required to take utmost care and a small error in diagnosis leads to disastrous. Although various methods like X ray, ct scan are available, mri is more reliable and danger free. High contrast images of brain tissues can be taken by using mri technique. Brain Tumor segmentation involves separation of tumors from normal brain tissues. The segmentation process helps in fetching required information for the purpose of diagnosis and what treatment has to be taken. It plays a vital role in medical image processing. The process involves risk because of abnormal form and irregularities at the boundaries. Determination of these tumors at the earlier stage helps to give better treatment to the patients. Usually, Physicians deal with the affected people by performing manual way of segmentation which results in the absence of time management. To overcome this manual segmentation problem, we developed CNN method of segmentation procedure which performs well by taking various factors like accuracy, recall and precision into consideration. MRI is one of the conservative techniques for prior diagnostic tool of brain tumor. The necessary measures for diagnosis and treatment planning have to be taken place quickly if the tumor is malignant in order to enhance successful treatment. By applying the following method, the doctors are capable of making accurate decision and required treatment can be done in an effective manner. The computer aided diagnostic system, MRI helps in reduction of workload by doctors. |
9,404 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of a Cloud-Based Cell-Free Distributed Massive MIMO System, and key words: OFDM, Baseband, Massive MIMO, Optical switches, Servers, Optical transmitters, Decoding. Abstract: With the ever increasing requirements for ultra efficiency, advanced technologies such as massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) have been considered. By offering more flexility of antenna deployment, a distributed setup of a massive MIMO system can benefit from considerable efficiency improvement over the colocated counterpart. However, distributed massive MIMO antennas will result in design and implementation challenges regarding synchronization, calibration, real-time baseband processing, and so on. Thus, equipped with general-purpose processors, we propose a cloud-based cell-free distributed massive MIMO system, which can not only archive 5G NR requirements but also easily be extended to different application scales. As an illustrative example, a 128 x 128 distributed MU-MIMO system with frequency 100 MHz@3.5 GHz is given. Test results show that 10.185 Gb/s throughput and more than 100 b/s/Hz spectrum utilization can be obtained. Flexibly scaling to the target deployment density, this system can support various applications on cross-industry collaboration. |
9,405 | Please write an abstract with title: Commentary: the Khamis/Higgins model, and key words: Stress, Weibull distribution, Life testing, Life estimation, Acceleration, Random variables, Hazards, Shape, Educational technology, Mathematics. Abstract: This paper shows that the 'KH model' proposed by Khamis & Higgins (see ibid., vol.47, p.131-4, 1998) is not a new model but is a special case of the multiple step-stress TFR model for Weibull distributions. |
9,406 | Please write an abstract with title: Electrically Tunable Terahertz Plasmonic Metasurfaces Employing Multilayer Graphene, and key words: Graphene, Plasmons, Nonhomogeneous media, Resonant frequency, Logic gates, Charge carrier density, Conductivity. Abstract: We demonstrate electrically tunable terahertz metasurfaces employing multilayer graphene realized by repeated transfer and stacking of monolayer graphene. Such multilayer graphene plasmonic structures exhibit significant increase of plasmonic resonance frequency compared to monolayer graphene structures. |
9,407 | Please write an abstract with title: Circular linear prediction modeling for speech coding applications, and key words: Predictive models, Speech coding, Speech analysis, Autocorrelation, Application software, Signal generators, Testing, Signal analysis, Bit rate, Paper technology. Abstract: Previously, we introduced a window-less linear-prediction method known as circular linear prediction (CLP) modeling for pitch-synchronous analysis of the speech spectrum. This paper presents the spectral estimation properties of the CLP method using various synthetic speech signals including fully-voiced, unvoiced and partially-voiced speech signals. As the true spectrum is known, it is possible to make objective measurements on how well the CLP method estimates the true spectrum. In addition, a multi-cycle generalization of the CLP method is proposed. This new method improves the spectral estimation performance of the CLP method for short pitch cycles (less than 7.5 ms). These experiments prove that the CLP method and its multi-cycle generalization are viable alternatives to the autocorrelation method for modeling speech signal, especially in transition regions. |
9,408 | Please write an abstract with title: Asynchronous and decoupled control of the position and the stiffness of a spatial RCM tensegrity mechanism for needle manipulation, and key words: Needles, Kinematics, Mathematical model, Actuators, Modulation, Robot sensing systems. Abstract: This paper introduces a 2-DOF spatial remote center of motion (RCM) tensegrity mechanism, based on a double parallelogram system, dedicated for percutaneous needle insertion. The originality of this mechanism is its ability to be reconfigured and its capacity to perform a decoupled modulation of its stiffness in an asynchronous way. To do so, an analytical stiffness model of the robot is established, and a control methodology is proposed. A prototype of the robot is developed and assessed experimentally. The position tracking is evaluated using a 6-DOF magnetic tracker sensor showing a root mean square error less than 0.8° in both directions of the needle guide. |
9,409 | Please write an abstract with title: Deposition of charged inhaled aerosols with transient airflow in sequential lung airway model, and key words: Aerosols, Lungs, Solid modeling, Humans, Electrostatics, Bifurcation, Lagrangian functions, Space charge, Respiratory system, Design engineering. Abstract: Transport and deposition of charged inhaled aerosols in double planar bifurcation representing generation three to five of human respiratory system has been studied under a light activity breathing condition. Both steady and oscillatory laminar inhalation airflow is considered. Particle trajectories are calculated using a Lagrangian reference frame, which is dominated by the fluid force driven by airflow, gravity force and electrostatic forces (both of space and image charge forces). The particle-mesh method is selected to calculate the space charge force. This numerical study investigates the deposition efficiency in the three-dimensional model under various particle sizes, charge values, and inlet particle distribution. Numerical results indicate that particles carrying an adequate level of charge can improve deposition efficiency in the airway model. |
9,410 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel parallel detection architecture for modular MIMO receivers, and key words: MIMO, Detectors, Computational complexity, Information theory, Channel capacity, Receiving antennas, Transmitting antennas, Antenna theory, Antennas and propagation, Antenna arrays. Abstract: Recent advances in information theory show that, given the right propagation environment, an arbitrarily large channel capacity can be obtained if multielement antenna arrays are used at both the transmitter and the receiver. In such schema, parallel detection is advantageous, since it is faster than sequential detection, it does not require power ordering at the receiver and it reduces the system latency. Previous work has proposed a parallel detector (PD) based on successive symbols approximation. Parallel detectors found in the literature suffer from high computational complexity. We first propose a modified parallel detection (MPD) algorithm that reduces the system computational complexity considerably. The algorithm can be realized using a parallel modular architecture, which consists of a set of elementary sub-detectors. The data flow between the sub-detectors is significantly reduced. The MPD also allows performance improvements when it is used as a refinement to sequential vertical Bell Labs layered space-time algorithm (V-BLAST). However, both PD and MPD algorithms do not generally perform as well as sequential V-BLAST. Thus, secondly, we suggest another parallel detection architecture. This is based on a minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion in its first stage and on weighted parallel interference cancellation in its second stage. Simulation results show that our parallel detector performs better than sequential V-BLAST for the same order of complexity. |
9,411 | Please write an abstract with title: Price-Based Residential Demand Response Management in Smart Grids: A Reinforcement Learning-Based Approach, and key words: Energy consumption, Adaptation models, Uncertainty, Heuristic algorithms, Pricing, Demand response, Smart grids. Abstract: This paper studies price-based residential demand response management (PB-RDRM) in smart grids, in which non-dispatchable and dispatchable loads (including general loads and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs)) are both involved. The PB-RDRM is composed of a bi-level optimization problem, in which the upper-level dynamic retail pricing problem aims to maximize the profit of a utility company (UC) by selecting optimal retail prices (RPs), while the lower-level demand response (DR) problem expects to minimize the comprehensive cost of loads by coordinating their energy consumption behavior. The challenges here are mainly two-fold: 1) the uncertainty of energy consumption and RPs; 2) the flexible PEVs' temporally coupled constraints, which make it impossible to directly develop a model-based optimization algorithm to solve the PB-RDRM. To address these challenges, we first model the dynamic retail pricing problem as a Markovian decision process (MDP), and then employ a model-free reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm to learn the optimal dynamic RPs of UC according to the loads' responses. Our proposed RL-based DR algorithm is benchmarked against two model-based optimization approaches (i.e., distributed dual decomposition-based (DDB) method and distributed primal-dual interior (PDI)-based method), which require exact load and electricity price models. The comparison results show that, compared with the benchmark solutions, our proposed algorithm can not only adaptively decide the RPs through on-line learning processes, but also achieve larger social welfare within an unknown electricity market environment. |
9,412 | Please write an abstract with title: Win-Fail Action Recognition, and key words: Analytical models, Pediatrics, Limiting, Benchmark testing, Spatial databases, Spatiotemporal phenomena, Pattern recognition. Abstract: Current video/action understanding systems have demonstrated impressive performance on large recognition tasks. However, they might be limiting themselves to learning to recognize spatiotemporal patterns, rather than attempting to thoroughly understand the actions. To spur progress in the direction of a more comprehensive understanding of videos, we introduce the task of win-fail action recognition — differentiating between successful and failed attempts at various activities. We introduce a first of its kind paired win-fail action understanding dataset with samples from the following domains: “General Stunts,” “Internet Wins-Fails,” “Trick Shots,” & “Party Games.” Unlike existing action recognition datasets, intra-class variation is high making the task challenging, yet feasible. Using a battery of experiments, including a novel video retrieval test, we systematically analyze the characteristics of our win-fail task/dataset, and determine its suitability to serve as a video understanding problem benchmark. While current prototypical action recognition methods work well on our task/dataset, they still leave a large gap to achieve high performance. We hope to motivate more work towards the true understanding of actions/videos. Dataset will be available from: https://github.com/ParitoshParmar/Win-Fail-Action-Recognition. |
9,413 | Please write an abstract with title: A Coverage Path Planning Algorithm for Self-Organizing Drone Swarms, and key words: Spirals, Shape, Forestry, Path planning, Real-time systems, Particle swarm optimization, Faces. Abstract: Drone swarms are employed for multiple applications nowadays, such as early detection of forest fires, disaster response missions etc., area coverage being the main hurdle these applications face. In this work, an algorithm is proposed for drone swarms that achieves full area coverage and Point of Interest (PoI) detection with no decomposition for areas with simple polygon shapes and no obstacles. It employs small pieces of information that are exchanged among the swarm drones in real-time. Parallel lines and spiral coverage paths are examined in terms of the number of slowdowns in the swarms speed to fully collect information from a detected PoI, the scanned PoIs, and the formation switches that are executed when the swarm has to alter its flying direction. Simulations are developed for a square area shape. The results showcase that the parallel coverage path is more efficient in terms of cover time and travel distance compared to the spiral. The parallel coverage requires less slowdowns for the same percentage of scanned PoIs. |
9,414 | Please write an abstract with title: Nomen est Omen - The Role of Signatures in Ascribing Email Author Identity with Transformer Neural Networks, and key words: Training, Privacy, Sensitivity, Perturbation methods, Forensics, Neural networks, Natural languages. Abstract: Authorship attribution, an NLP problem where anonymous text is matched to its author, has important, cross-disciplinary applications, particularly those concerning cyber-defense. Our research examines the degree of sensitivity that attention-based models have to adversarial perturbations. We ask, what is the minimal amount of change necessary to maximally confuse a transformer model? In our investigation we examine a balanced subset of emails from the Enron email dataset, calculating the performance of our model before and after email signatures have been perturbed. Results show that the model’s performance changed significantly in the absence of a signature, indicating the importance of email signatures in email authorship detection. Furthermore, we show that these models rely on signatures for shorter emails much more than for longer emails. We also indicate that additional research is necessary to investigate stylometric features and adversarial training to further improve classification model robustness. |
9,415 | Please write an abstract with title: An optimized Er all-fiber chirped pulse amplification system producing 570-fs, 310-nJ pulses, and key words: Pulse amplifiers, Erbium, Chirp, Pulse compression methods, Optical pulses, Fiber gratings, Bragg gratings, Fiber lasers, Propagation losses, Photonic band gap. Abstract: We report an all-fiber CPA system based on pulse stretching in dispersion-engineered FBG and compression in photonic band gap fiber (PBGF). We analyze the design trade-offs and estimate pulse energy limit due to PBGF nonlinearity. |
9,416 | Please write an abstract with title: Object Recognition Network using Continuous Roadside Cameras, and key words: Vehicular and wireless technologies, Roads, Pipelines, Object detection, Network architecture, Cameras, Feature extraction. Abstract: For the purpose of establishing a digital twin society, this paper proposes an object recognition network architecture using high-definition (HD) camera images. HD camera is installed to the edge computing resource in Road-Side Unit (RSU). The edge computing resource detects vehicles by object detection and Re-ID function based on deep learning. Its key feature is to reduce the amount of network data traffic by extracting vehicle images and directly transferring them to neighboring RSUs, i.e. vehicle identification and tracking can be achieved in the localized backhaul network. This paper experimentally verifies its fundamental feasibility using outdoor testbed field. The proposed framework can significantly reduce the data traffic by more than 90% while maintaining vehicle Re-ID accuracy. |
9,417 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient subcarrier and bit allocation algorithm for OFDMA system with adaptive modulation, and key words: Bit rate, Adaptive systems, Greedy algorithms, OFDM modulation, Fading, Bit error rate, Channel state information, Feedback, Frequency conversion, Wireless communication. Abstract: This paper investigates the adaptive subcarrier and bit allocation algorithm for OFDMA systems. To minimize overall transmit power, we propose a novel adaptive subcarrier and bit allocation algorithm based on channel state information, Moreover, the block-wise method is considered based on channel variation for adaptive subcarrier and bit allocation. It is shown that a near optimal solution is obtained by the proposed algorithm which has low complexity compared to that of other conventional algorithms. Also, it is shown that the block-wise method significantly reduces the complexity and the feedback or side information though has a slight transmit power increase. |
9,418 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Generalizability of Motion Models for Road Users in Heterogeneous Shared Traffic Spaces, and key words: Roads, Automobiles, Behavioral sciences, Data models, Analytical models, Adaptation models, Force. Abstract: Modeling mixed-traffic motion and interactions is crucial to assess safety, efficiency, and feasibility of future urban areas. The lack of traffic regulations, diverse transport modes, and the dynamic nature of mixed-traffic zones like shared spaces make realistic modeling of such environments challenging. This paper focuses on the generalizability of the motion model, i.e., its ability to generate realistic behavior in different environmental settings, an aspect which is lacking in existing works. Specifically, our first contribution is a novel and systematic process of formulating general motion models for pedestrians and cars, and application of this process is to extend our Game-Theoretic Social Force Model (GSFM) towards a general model for generating a large variety of motion behaviors of pedestrians and cars from different shared spaces. Our second contribution is to consider different motion patterns of pedestrians and cars by calibrating motion-related features of individual road users and clustering them into groups. We analyze three clustering approaches. The calibration and evaluation of our model are performed on three different shared space data sets. The results indicate that our model can realistically simulate a wide range of motion behaviors and interaction scenarios, and that model performance improves by considering heterogeneity in road users’ motion. |
9,419 | Please write an abstract with title: Direct synthesis of prototype filters with non-resonating nodes, and key words: Prototypes, Filters, Network synthesis, Filtering theory, Passband, Admittance, Inverters, Frequency, Couplings, Electronic mail. Abstract: This paper describes an original method for the synthesis of a low-pass prototype network with nonresonating nodes, exhibiting the generalized Chehycheff response (i.e. equiripple passband with transmission zeros arbitrarily placed on the imaginary axis). The use of nonresonating nodes in microwave fiters (recently proposed in the literature), allows the realization of compact structures with both high atteuuation at frequencies close to the passband and low insertion losses inside the passband. Instead of optimization-based synthesis techniques, which have been used up to now, the paper introduces an analytical and direct synthesis technique of this type of prototypes. |
9,420 | Please write an abstract with title: REDEMON: Resilient Decentralized Monitoring System for Edge Infrastructures, and key words: Monitoring, Servers, Distributed databases, Cloud computing, Quality of service, Reliability, Production. Abstract: The Guifi.net community network has evolved during the past 15 years into a telecommunications infrastructure that offers Internet access to more than 80.000 people. The monitoring system currently in place for this network is lagging behind the growth of the infrastructure, requiring manual intervention and counting several single points of failure. In this paper we present REDEMON, a resilient decentralized monitoring system, hosted on distributed and interconnected edge devices, for a reliable, eventually-consistent monitoring of the Guifi.net network, leveraging CRDT-based data structures implemented on AntidoteDB. We developed the REDEMON system as a prototype featuring resilience, decentralization and automation, in order to replace the legacy monitoring system. To assess the system, this prototype was deployed on resource-constraint edge nodes in the Guifi.net production network and evaluated under realistic conditions. The decentralized assignment mechanism successfully achieves setting the minimum number of monitoring servers per network device that satisfies the established system requirements. Besides, by concentrating the workload on the minimum required number of servers running at their maximum capacity, the remaining devices can idle away, reducing the consumption footprint of the system. With regard to computing resources, we measure a moderate CPU and RAM usage by the monitoring system on low-capacity devices, while we observe that a considerable network traffic is required for achieving a resilient and consistent data storage layer. This resilient and decentralized architecture could lay the basis for other edge applications in the cloud computing domain that need to coordinate over distributed and consistent shared data. |
9,421 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Analysis of NOMA-Based Slotted ALOHA for Massive Machine Type Communications, and key words: mMTC, slotted ALOHA, NOMA, successive interference cancellation, stochastic geometry. Abstract: NOMA-based slotted ALOHA for mMTC scenarios has been studied in various ways, but its performance in a multi-cell environment has remained unclear. In this paper, we analyze the performance of NOMA-based slotted ALOHA in a multi-cell environment, in which base stations and IoT devices are distributed according to mutually independent stationary point processes. In particular, we consider the case in which simple successive interference cancellation (SIC) is conducted at a base station by assuming that perfect interference cancellation is possible. Although this is a simple method that does not require scheduling or channel estimation, numerical experiments using simulations show that throughput can be improved by up to 15% compared to the case where NOMA is not applied. |
9,422 | Please write an abstract with title: Finite Element Reconstruction of Stiffness Images in MR Elastography Using Statistical Physical Forward Modeling and Proximal Optimization Methods, and key words: Gradient methods, Analytical models, TV, Three-dimensional displays, Inverse problems, Simulation, Elasticity. Abstract: Quantitative characterization of tissue properties, known as elasticity imaging, can be cast as solving an ill-posed inverse problem. The finite element methods (FEMs) in magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) imaging are based on solving a constrained optimization problem consisting of a physical forward model and a regularizer as the data-fidelity term and the prior term, respectively. In existing formulation for the elasticity forward model, physical laws that arise from equilibrium equation of harmonic motion, indicate a deterministic relationship between MRE-measured data and unknown elasticity distribution which leads to the poor and unstable elasticity distribution estimation in the presence of noise. Toward this end, we propose an efficient statistical methodology for physical forward model refinement by formulating it as linear algebraic representation with respect to the unknown elasticity distribution and incorporating an analytical noise model. To solve the subsequent total variation regularized optimization task, we benefit from a fixed-point scheme involving proximal gradient methods. Simulation results of elasticity reconstruction in various SNR conditions verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. |
9,423 | Please write an abstract with title: Breaking Reciprocity with Space-Time Phase Modulated Metasurfaces, and key words: Phase modulation, Reflection, Frequency modulation, Probes, Optical devices, Optical modulation. Abstract: We constructed a space-time phase modulated metasurface consisting of amorphous silicon building blocks, and demonstrated nonreciprocal light reflection at wavelengths around 860 nm. Our approach paves a way for miniaturized on-chip nonreciprocal optical components. |
9,424 | Please write an abstract with title: Design, construction and evaluation of a system in electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Applications on cerebral tissue in rats, and key words: Tomography, Impedance, Rats, Electrodes, Nervous system, Epilepsy, Prototypes, Steel, Performance evaluation, Software prototyping. Abstract: An electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system is presented for experimental applications in neurology fields such as epilepsy. The prototype consists of a semi-parallel system of 16 electrodes and a programmable current source. Rings of stainless steel electrodes with 4 mm radius were constructed. Experiments with adult wistar rats were performed for evaluation. Polar injection and backprojection methods were employed for obtaining images. Results showed a versatile prototype, its main characteristics being the current source, and methods of current injection and voltage measurements can be programmed via software. Results confirmed increased postmortem resistivity and other in vivo measurements. |
9,425 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of Subdomain Models for Outer Rotor Slotless Halbach Array Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors, and key words: Coils, Analytical models, Torque, Computational modeling, Windings, Rotors, Permanent magnet motors. Abstract: Two different types of semi-analytical models for outer rotor slotless Halbach array PMSMs with teeth for cooling channels are introduced. The first model considers the coils and the teeth for cooling channels as a continuous region while the second model define separate regions for the (virtual) slots and teeth. The accuracy and computational time with respect to a commercial Finite Element Method (FEM) package for the models are compared for static and transient analysis with a 14 pole fractional slot concentrated winding (FSCW) machine. |
9,426 | Please write an abstract with title: Solutions for Some Waveguide Discontinuities by the Method of Moments (Short Papers), and key words: Waveguide discontinuities, Moment methods, Electromagnetic waveguides, Integral equations, Electromagnetic coupling, Apertures, Electromagnetic scattering, Electromagnetic radiation, Boundary value problems, Kernel. Abstract: The electromagnetic boundary value problem of two waveguides coupled by an aperture or an aperture in a waveguide radiating into free space may be described by an integral equation. An analytical solution to this integral equation cannot be readily found due to the complexity of the kernel. However, extremely useful results may be obtained if the method of moments is employed to reduce the integral equation to a matrix equation which can be solved by known methods. In this short paper, series and shunt slots in a rectangular waveguide are analyzed using this technique. |
9,427 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving Robustness to Texture Bias via Shape-focused Augmentation, and key words: Training, Visualization, Image resolution, Shape, Supervised learning, Neural networks, Self-supervised learning. Abstract: Despite significant progress of deep neural networks in image classification, it has been reported that CNNs trained on ImageNet have heavily focused on local texture information, rather than capturing complex visual concepts of the objects. To delve into this phenomenon, recent studies proposed to generate images with modified texture information for training the model. However, these methods largely sacrifice the classification accuracy on the in-domain dataset while achieving improved performance on the out-of-distribution dataset. Motivated by the fact that human tends to focus on shape information, we aim to resolve this issue by proposing a shape-focused augmentation where the texture in the object’s foreground and background are separately changed. Key idea is that by applying different modifications to the inside and outside of an object, not only the bias toward texture is reduced but also the model is induced to focus on shape. Experiments show that the proposed method successfully reduces texture bias and also improves the classification performance on the original dataset. |
9,428 | Please write an abstract with title: Finite-Time Compensation Control for State-Variable-Unmeasurable Nonlinear Systems With Sensor and Actuator Faults, and key words: Actuators, Nonlinear systems, Observers, Adaptive systems, Fault tolerant systems, Fault tolerance, Fault detection. Abstract: A new finite-time tracking control approach is developed for nonlinear systems that have actuator and sensor faults, and system state variables are not measurable. A fault compensation coefficient is used to alleviate the problem caused by the partial loss of the effectiveness of the sensor. A novel fault-tolerant controller based on a state observer is proposed. Being different from the conventional schemes, the constructed observer includes an adaptive fault-tolerant compensation mechanism. The presented control method is able to compensate for actuator and sensor faults at the same time, and the tracking error converges to a small residual set within finite time. The results of a numerical simulation and a practical example demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. |
9,429 | Please write an abstract with title: A metalevel component-based framework for distributed computing applications, and key words: Distributed computing, Application software, Computer architecture, Space technology, Communications technology, Computer science education, Computer science, Wireless networks, Buildings, Programming. Abstract: The advancement of wireless networks and distributed computing necessitates more advanced applications to be built with adaptability to their changing system services. Today, building adaptive services is a complex task due to the lack of an adequate framework support in the distributed computing environments. In this paper, we propose a metalevel component-based framework (MELC) which uses distributed computing design patterns as components to develop an adaptive pattern-oriented framework for distributed computing applications. We describe our novel approach of combining a meta-architecture with a pattern-oriented framework, resulting in an adaptable framework which provides a mechanism to facilitate system evolution. We show how MELC can be used effectively to enable component integration and to separate system functionality from application functionality and demonstrate how MELC provides an adaptable and dynamic run time environment. |
9,430 | Please write an abstract with title: COVMIS: A Dataset for Research on COVID-19 Misinformation, and key words: COVID-19, MIMICs, Data science, Labeling, Fake news, Information technology. Abstract: Combatting misinformation is an important part of the global effort to fight against COVID-19. In this paper, we first present a large-scale, publicly available dataset named COVMIS for research on COVID-19 misinformation. COVMIS was constructed to support the misinformation identification approach that mimics the act of fact checking by human for truth labelling. COVMIS is collected from November 2019 to March 2021, this dataset contains 14, 384 claims (statements), 134, 320 related articles, and many features associated with the claims such as claimants, news sources, dates, truth labels (true, partly true or false) and justifications for the truth labels. Each claim is associated with a set of related articles that were collected from reputable sources and serve as the ground truth to assess the validity of the claim. We provide statistics and a detailed analysis of the dataset, and discuss a variety of its potential use cases. Using COVMIS, we then obtained new experimental results illustrating methods that can be used to significantly improve the performance of the fact checking approach for misinformation identification. |
9,431 | Please write an abstract with title: Acoustic Radiation from Fluid-loaded Stiffened Composite Laminated Plates according to Layerwise Plate Theories, and key words: Tensors, Lamination, Oceans, Resonant frequency, Acoustics, High frequency, Stress. Abstract: Acoustic radiation from a fluid-loaded laminated composite plate with two sets of periodic stiffeners is investigated, in which the expressions for the stress tensors due to the transverse shear deformation are included on the basis of Reddy’s layerwise plate theories. By employing the Fourier transform method and the stationary phase approximation, far field pressure expressions are presented to address the acoustic characteristics of the stiffened laminated plate. Sound pressure obtained from the layerwise theory are compared with existing results from the classic thin plate theory, and increasingly remarkable differences among them are found from medium to high frequency range. Numerical calculations are subsequently carried out to explore the influences of the spacing of the stiffeners, the thickness of the plate, and the lamination schemes on the sound pressure. Practical concerns are addressed which would be beneficial to the optimization design of stiffened plates. |
9,432 | Please write an abstract with title: How to tell an accreting boson star from a black hole, and key words: accretion, accretion discs, black hole physics, gravitation, methods: numerical. Abstract: The capability of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) to image the nearest supermassive black hole candidates at horizon-scale resolutions offers a novel means to study gravity in its strongest regimes and to test different models for these objects. Here, we study the observational appearance at 230 GHz of a surfaceless black hole mimicker, namely a non-rotating boson star, in a scenario consistent with the properties of the accretion flow on to Sgr A∗. To this end, we perform general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations followed by general relativistic radiative transfer calculations in the boson star space–time. Synthetic reconstructed images considering realistic astronomical observing conditions show that, despite qualitative similarities, the differences in the appearance of a black hole – either rotating or not – and a boson star of the type considered here are large enough to be detectable. These differences arise from dynamical effects directly related to the absence of an event horizon, in particular, the accumulation of matter in the form of a small torus or a spheroidal cloud in the interior of the boson star, and the absence of an evacuated high-magnetization funnel in the polar regions. The mechanism behind these effects is general enough to apply to other horizonless and surfaceless black hole mimickers, strengthening confidence in the ability of the EHT to identify such objects via radio observations. |
9,433 | Please write an abstract with title: Incorporating software process in an undergraduate software engineering curriculum: challenges and rewards, and key words: Software engineering, Programming, Laboratories, Production, Software maintenance, Software quality, Software systems, Algorithm design and analysis, Software algorithms, Software architecture. Abstract: Milwaukee School of Engineering has one of the first ABET-accredited software engineering (SE) programs in the United States. We describe our experiences in incorporating the core elements of the software engineering process throughout the undergraduate SE program. These elements are integrated vertically as well as horizontally throughout the curriculum, starting with an introductory process course in the sophomore year and culminating in a three-quarter software development laboratory course sequence and a two-quarter capstone project in the junior and senior years. The challenges encountered while using this approach are also discussed. |
9,434 | Please write an abstract with title: Power Aspects of Processes at the Piston Shock Region, and key words: Pistons, Electric potential, Electric shock, Harmonic analysis, Boundary conditions, Mathematical models, Explosions. Abstract: Identifying blast-wave shocks, which can arise during CME formation, is a much more complex problem. The difference from piston shocks is that a blast-wave shock originates from the explosions that frequently accompany CME formation, and further propagates freely without any CME piston effects. Earth’s bow shock (BS) is a piston shock. Behind the bow shock front there is a flow of the modified solar wind plasma: transition layer, which also carries the modified magnetic field of solar wind. Velocity and density of plasma as well as parameters of magnetic field of this current can be estimated if the form of the bow shock front and of magnetopause are considered to be known. In this paper we assumed them to be paraboloids of rotation. In this paper we have determined potential distribution along magnetopause from the balance condition of substance coming into transition layer from the solar wind on one side and leaving through the gap between magnetosphere and the bow shock front and through magnetopause on another. To a first approximation this distribution differs from potential distribution at the BS front only in a constant multiplier. We used the established potential distribution as a boundary condition while solving the problem on potential distribution in the magnetosphere. The first solution harmonic turned out to coincide in the form with the boundary condition on magnetopause. We have constructed the full solution for electric field in the magnetosphere having limited ourselves to the first harmonic and corotation field. We have obtained necessary equations to model processes in the region of bow shock. |
9,435 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and control of robotic highway safety markers, and key words: Road safety, Robot control, Road transportation, Robotics and automation, Safety devices, Costs, Robot sensing systems, Communication system control, Automated highways, Traffic control. Abstract: Proper traffic control is critical in highway work zone safety. Traffic control devices such as signs, barricades, cones, and safety barrels are used. Accidents can occur because of improper work zone design, improper work zone housekeeping, and driver negligence. Automated safety devices could improve work zone design and housekeeping and therefore increase safety. This paper presents a mobile safety barrel robot. The robotic safety barrels can self-deploy and self-retrieve-removing workers from this dangerous task. The robots move independently so they can be deployed in parallel and can quickly reconfigure as the work zone changes. The system must be reliable and have a low per-robot cost. A robot that malfunctions could create a significant hazard. Also, multiple barrels are used and they are often struck by vehicles, therefore a high replacement cost is not practical. A six-robot system, which consists of a lead robot and five low-cost barrel robots, is described. A distributed planning and control approach is presented that reduces the per-robot cost by centralizing the intelligence and sensing while keeping communication bandwidth low by distributing local control. Test results are presented including a statistical analysis of the performance of the local robot controllers and field tests of the full system. |
9,436 | Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent On/Off Switching of mmRSUs in Urban Vehicular Networks: A Deep Q-Learning Approach, and key words: Energy consumption, Q-learning, 5G mobile communication, Urban areas, Switches, Ultra reliable low latency communication, Turning. Abstract: In the next generation of vehicular network applications, complex data processing and reliable and quick message transmissions are critical. Traditional cellular macro base stations and IEEE WAVE technology are incapable of supporting such high data speeds and ultra-reliable low latency communication. The combination of 5G RSUs equipped with mmWave beams (mmRSUs) and edge computing methods have been proposed as a possible solution for meeting such service needs. However, since urban vehicle traffic is often predictable, the mmRSUs need not be kept ON all the time to provide services. Instead, the mmRSUs may be dynamically turned ON/OFF depending on current traffic conditions, hence reducing energy consumption without compromising service. We construct the intelligent switching of mmRSUs as an Integer Linear Program to maximize the system's utility by dynamically turning them on/off in order to spend less energy. We propose a strategy based on Deep Q-Learning to accomplish the goal and demonstrate its usefulness in a city with real traffic. |
9,437 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive IIR notch filter with controlled bandwidth for narrow-band interference suppression in DS CDMA system, and key words: Programmable control, Adaptive control, Adaptive filters, IIR filters, Control systems, Bandwidth, Narrowband, Interference suppression, Multiaccess communication, Finite impulse response filter. Abstract: Suppression of NBI in a DS CDMA system using a fully adaptive IIR notch filter is investigated. An algorithm that requires no gradient signal generating filters for tracking the center frequency of the NBI is proposed. A gradient algorithm for adapting the notch bandwidth coefficient to a value that results in maximum SNR improvement factor and minimum BER is presented. Convergence behaviors of the algorithms are analyzed. Closed-form expressions for SNR improvement factor and BER of the system are derived. Simulations are shown to verify the analyses and compare the performance of the proposed scheme with that of a linear adaptive FIR prediction filter. |
9,438 | Please write an abstract with title: Components for Submarine Telephone Cable Repeaters, and key words: Underwater vehicles, Telephony, Communication cables, Repeaters, Manufacturing, Electron tubes, Production, Capacitors, Cathodes, Raw materials. Abstract: The first transatlantic, Alaskan, and Hawaiian Submarine Telephone Cables are provided with repeaters spaced about 37.5 miles apart. Each repeater consists of a 3-stage electron tube amplifier and contains approximately 60 components. Because of their inaccessibility for repair or replacement, it is desired that these systems operate for the order of 20 years without failure of any component. This requires a degree of reliability for both active and passive components orders of magnitude higher than are achieved in more conventional systems. Electron tubes and high-voltage capacitors subject to "wear out" have been the subject of intensive development and life testing for more than 15 years. These studies indicate that at the low cathode temperature and low cathode current density used in the electron tubes, satisfactory thermionic performance can be expected for more than 20 years. Likewise, tests on the high-voltage capacitors indicate that, in spite of the use of a high dielectric stress, the probability of a wear-out failure in 20 years is low. These estimates, however, do not include the probability of catastrophic or sudden failure of the components. Since practicable test programs cannot measure the extremely low catastrophic failure rate expected of these components, it must be attained through the use of 1) reliable types, 2) close control of raw materials, 3) simple designs which are easy to make and inspect, 4) careful manufacture, and 5) thorough inspection. This procedure is restrictive and involves close attention to all details in both design and manufacture. Consequently, unusually detailed specifications were required for raw materials, processes, and components. Complete records of all operations and inspections were kept to insure against omissions or errors. Specially selected operators were trained; and required to demonstrate ability to produce satisfactorily before going on production work. Manufacture was carried out under exceptionally clean conditions. The product was inspected at each stage of manufacture so that hidden defects would not be missed. The resulting slow and painstaking manufacture disclosed many defects which would have been overlooked in normal production. Although no numerical value can be attached to the degree of reliability attained, experience in production and service to date indicate that it is unusually high. Over 270 million component hours of service without a failure have been accumulated to date, which indicates, with 90 per cent certainty, a failure rate of less than 1 in 10,000 per year. |
9,439 | Please write an abstract with title: Formation of Space Charge Wave with Wide Frequency Spectrum in Helical Electron Beam of Two-Stream FEL Transit Section with Longitudinal Electric Field, and key words: Harmonic analysis, Electric fields, Electron beams, Resonant frequency, Mathematical model, Acceleration, Space charge. Abstract: The longitudinal electric field effect on the formation of a space charge wave (SCW) with wide frequency spectrum in the helical two-stream relativistic electron beam (REB), which moves in transit section of multiharmonic two-stream superheterodyne free-electron laser, is analyzed. In the framework of cubic nonlinear approximation, it is shown that the use of the accelerating electric field makes it possible to increase the multiharmonic SCW width of the frequency spectrum. It is shown that the retarding electric field causes the increase of the amplitude level SCW harmonics, as well as the decrease of its saturation length. |
9,440 | Please write an abstract with title: Backstepping control synthesis for both longitudinal and lateral automated vehicle, and key words: Backstepping, Automatic control, Vehicle dynamics, Automatic generation control, Torque control, Engines, Equations, Motion analysis, Tires, Force control. Abstract: This paper proposes and evaluates a coupled lateral and longitudinal control law for an automated vehicle. Based on a simple model of vehicle, a solution is presented for the car-following by using the backstepping control technique. The performance and robustness of the control law are highlighted by the simulation of various maneuvers. |
9,441 | Please write an abstract with title: The Long-term Ecosystem Observatory: an integrated coastal observatory, and key words: Ecosystems, Observatories, Sea measurements, Predictive models, Oceans, Biological system modeling, Low earth orbit satellites, Aircraft, Marine vehicles, Underwater vehicles. Abstract: An integrated ocean observatory has been developed and operated in the coastal waters off the central coast of New Jersey, USA. One major goal for the Long-term Ecosystem Observatory (LEO) is to develop a real-time capability for rapid environmental assessment and physical/biological forecasting in coastal waters. To this end, observational data are collected from satellites, aircrafts, ships, fixed/relocatable moorings and autonomous underwater vehicles. The majority of the data are available in real-time allowing for adaptive sampling of episodic events and are assimilated into ocean forecast models. In this observationally rich environment, model forecast errors are dominated by uncertainties in the model physics or future boundary conditions rather than initial conditions. Therefore, ensemble forecasts with differing model parameterizations provide a unique opportunity for model refinement and validation. The system has been operated during three annual coastal predictive skill experiments from 1998 through 2000. To illustrate the capabilities of the system, case studies on coastal upwelling and small-scale biological slicks are discussed. This observatory is one part of the expanding network of ocean observatories that will form the basis of a national observation network. |
9,442 | Please write an abstract with title: Combined effects of Fabry-Perot and surface plasmon resonances in the terahertz time domain spectroscopy of plasmonic band gap structures, and key words: Plasmons, Fabry-Perot, Resonance, Spectroscopy, Photonic band gap, Time domain analysis, Optical surface waves, Steel, Periodic structures, Ultrafast optics. Abstract: Using THz time-domain spectroscopy, we study plasmonic band gaps in periodic metal arrays of slits. Fabry-Perot effect enhances the transmission when the two resonances cross but does not alter the surface plasmon peak positions. |
9,443 | Please write an abstract with title: Relevant pitch features selection for voice disorders families classification, and key words: Support vector machines, Pathology, Databases, Speech recognition, Feature extraction, Acoustics, Recording. Abstract: Identification of voice disorders plays a major role in our life nowadays. In this context, voice analysis can be used, as a complementary technique with other traditional invasive methods, such as laryngoscopy, to identify voice disorders. This paper explores a set of acoustic features extracted from the vocal folds signals namely the pitch, to this purpose. First, 49 pitch-based features are extracted from speech recordings. Then, relevant ones are selected according to their discriminatory power between normal and pathological voice classes. To do so, different feature selection techniques have been used and compared. Afterward, KNN, SVM, Random Tree and Naive Bayes classifiers are applied to decide on the existence of a voice disorder or not and which pathological class is detected. The experimental results denote the usefulness of retained features and despite, the simplicity of classification technique (KNN for instance), the best performance in term of accuracy rate reached 91.5%. |
9,444 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of a Wireless Sensor Node for Building Information Management Systems, and key words: Wireless communication, Photovoltaic systems, Wireless sensor networks, Power demand, Building information management, Zigbee, Solar energy. Abstract: An increasing number of internet of things (IoT) devices are being deployed long term and therefore need to be self-powered in order to reduce maintenance costs. This paper reports on the design and implementation of a low power wireless sensor node for use in a building information management system powered by an organic solar module. Detailed analysis of the power requirements of the various sensors and the methods used to reduce the power consumption are given. The suitability of organic photovoltaic modules for indoor energy harvesting is examined. Early results from the deployment of these modules are shown. |
9,445 | Please write an abstract with title: Electrothermal limitations on the current density of high-frequency bipolar transistors, and key words: Heterojunction bipolar transistors, Silicon on insulator technology, Conductivity, Current. Abstract: In this paper, electrothermal consequences of downscaling bipolar transistors, reducing the emitter resistance and implementing substrate modifications are examined by means of electrical measurements, numerical simulations and analytical calculations. A formulation is given for the optimum current density that can be run through the device and still maintain both sufficient transconductance and thermal stability. This expression sets a theoretical limit on the current density and therefore also on the speed of the given technology node. Particularly the lowering of the emitter resistivity is a trade-off between transconductance and thermal stability, and the optimum choice can be estimated from these results along with the maximum emitter area that will allow unconditional thermal stability. |
9,446 | Please write an abstract with title: Let the games begin [solar powered homes], and key words: Photovoltaic power systems, Energy conservation, Energy storage. Abstract: The 2002 Solar Decathlon challenged students to create, and operate, energy-efficient solar-powered homes. The competition also required that the solar-powered homes be designed and constructed such that they could be transported to Washington, DC, set up in a solar village on the National Mall for competition, and then removed from the Mall. The participants competed in ten different contests. Seven of these contests were based strictly on energy. This article outlines the ten contests and discusses the design issues and transportation and setup issues. |
9,447 | Please write an abstract with title: A 300GHz 52mW CMOS Receiver with On-Chip LO Generation, and key words: Phase noise, Local oscillators, Power demand, Phase modulation, Receivers, Market research, Transceivers. Abstract: Data communication in the 300GHz band has found renewed interest in the past few years. Two reasons can account for this trend. First, the IEEE 802.15.3d standard was established in 2017 for radios in the unallocated frequency band from 252GHz to 322GHz [1]. Second, a number of researchers have demonstrated the viability of such radios in CMOS technology [2]–[5]. For 300GHz transceivers to serve as an attractive complement to WiFi and WiGig, they should perform extensive beam forming so as to overcome the path loss. This point underscores the importance of low power consumption per element. Moreover, high-order modulation schemes require a local oscillator (LO) signal with very low phase noise. Unfortunately, the generation and distribution of LO phases proves extremely power hungry, making the realization of a single-chip 300GHz CMOS data-communication radio a difficult challenge. |
9,448 | Please write an abstract with title: EEG-Transformer: Self-attention from Transformer Architecture for Decoding EEG of Imagined Speech, and key words: Deep learning, Statistical analysis, Communication systems, Speech recognition, Transformers, Electroencephalography, Hardware. Abstract: Transformers are groundbreaking architectures that have changed a flow of deep learning, and many high-performance models are developing based on transformer architectures. Transformers implemented only with attention with encoder-decoder structure following seq2seq without using RNN, but had better performance than RNN. Herein, we investigate the decoding technique for electroencephalography (EEG) composed of self-attention module from transformer architecture during imagined speech and overt speech. We performed classification of nine subjects using convolutional neural network based on EEGNet that captures temporal-spectral-spatial features from EEG of imagined speech and overt speech. Furthermore, we applied the self-attention module to decoding EEG to improve the performance and lower the number of parameters. Our results demonstrate the possibility of decoding brain activities of imagined speech and overt speech using attention modules. Also, only single channel EEG or ear-EEG can be used to decode the imagined speech for practical BCIs. |
9,449 | Please write an abstract with title: Rate equation model of a coupled-cavity laser, and key words: Equations, Optical coupling, Laser modes, Laser theory, Laser tuning, Frequency, Electrons, Interference, Temperature, Refractive index. Abstract: We derive a novel rate equation system for a laser consisting of two coupled cavities arranged in tandem. The derivation of the photon rate equations is based on classical electromagnetic theory, while the rate equations for the electrons are written down heuristically in analog with the conventional laser rate equations. This paper discusses the initial numerical evaluation of our coupled-cavity laser model which indicates that the laser tends to oscillate more readily in a single longitudinal mode than a single-cavity laser of comparable length. The enhanced mode selectivity stems from the constructive and destructive interference of the fields in the two coupled cavities. Suppression of secondary longitudinal modes by more than 20 dB is readily obtainable. The coupled-cavity laser maintains single-wavelength operation even if the peak of the gain profile shifts over a certain wavelength range. However, when it finally responds to a sufficiently large shift of the gain profile, it does so by jumping discontinuously to a new (single) operating wavelength. Further investigations of frequency tuning by means of the injection current as well as studies of the frequency instability due to temperature and refractive index variations will be reported in a separate publication. |
9,450 | Please write an abstract with title: A Personalized Overdraft Protection Framework, and key words: Fluctuations, Statistical analysis, Banking, Machine learning, Data science, Market research, Data models. Abstract: Data and Artificial Intelligence are changing the business models of many financial institutions. The availability and granularity of customer data allows for the development of a personalized banking experience which has been shown to improve customer relationships and increase retention. We present a Machine Learning approach to providing personalized overdraft protection. The approach simultaneously provides benefits to both customer and bank and hence increases customer retention while improving the bank's revenue. We illustrate the approach with examples. |
9,451 | Please write an abstract with title: Initial evaluation of centroidal Voronoi tessellation method for statistical sampling and function integration, and key words: Sampling methods, Hypercubes, Testing, Laboratories, Contracts, Response surface methodology, Statistical analysis, Performance evaluation, Monte Carlo methods, History. Abstract: A recently developed centroidal Voronoi tessellation (CVT) unstructured sampling method is investigated here to assess its suitability for use in statistical sampling and function integration. CVT efficiently generates a highly uniform distribution of sample points over arbitrarily shaped M-dimensional parameter spaces. It has recently been shown on several 2D test problems to provide superior point distributions for generating locally conforming response surfaces. Its performance as a statistical sampling and function integration method is compared to that of latin-hypercube sampling (LHS) and simple random sampling (SRS) Monte Carlo methods, and Halton and Hammersley quasiMonte-Carlo sequence methods. Specifically, sampling efficiencies are compared for function integration and for resolving various statistics of response in a 2D test problem. It is found that on balance CVT performs best of all these sampling methods on our test problems. |
9,452 | Please write an abstract with title: Unmasking Windows Advanced Persistent Threat Execution, and key words: Industries, Data privacy, Statistical analysis, Conferences, Manuals, Feature extraction, Security. Abstract: The advanced persistent threat (APT) landscape has been studied without quantifiable data, for which indicators of compromise (IoC) may be uniformly analyzed, replicated, or used to support security mechanisms. This work culminates extensive academic and industry APT analysis, not as an incremental step in existing approaches to APT detection, but as a new benchmark of APT related opportunity. We collect 15,259 APT IoC hashes, retrieving subsequent sandbox execution logs across 41 different file types. This work forms an initial focus on Windows-based threat detection. We present a novel Windows APT executable (APT-EXE) dataset, made available to the research community. Manual and statistical analysis of the APT-EXE dataset is conducted, along with supporting feature analysis. We draw upon repeat and common APT paths access, file types, and operations within the APT-EXE dataset to generalize APT execution footprints. A baseline case analysis successfully identifies a majority of 117 of 152 live APT samples from campaigns across 2018 and 2019. |
9,453 | Please write an abstract with title: Lighting Jobs: Easy Work or Easy Death, and key words: Electronic ballasts, Fixtures, Electric shock, Wires, Injuries, Fluorescent lamps. Abstract: Work on lights and lighting circuits continues to be a serious hazard that is injuring and killing workers. Workers all too often choose to work on or near energized circuits without taking the necessary steps to create an electrically safe work condition or properly protect themselves from the hazards. Supervisors and managers often consider lighting work to be very easy or basic and, thus, fail to provide the proper instruction and guidance to their electrical workers. This paper sheds light on the issues with work practice solutions as well as design and installation solutions. The review will include the several code changes in recent years intended to design out the hazards. Guidance is provided to help recognize earlier installations or non-compliant installations and how to correct them with a particular discussion on energized neutral issues. The authors also provide a review of (#) fatalities and injuries while performing work on lighting to reinforce the seriousness of the issue. |
9,454 | Please write an abstract with title: A Simple Model-Based Deadbeat Direct-Current and Flux Linkage Control Scheme for Sensorless SPMSM Drive, and key words: Couplings, Permanent magnet machines, Torque, Torque control, Rotors, Sensorless control, Stators. Abstract: Torque is a primary performance index directly controlling the dynamics of electric machines in deadbeat torque or/and flux linkage control schemes. However, a problem may appear where inverter current exceeding allowable value at rated condition even a current limiter is integrated into the controller. Another problem is the complexity of calculating flux linkage command. Therefore, this study presents a simple deadbeat direct-current and flux linkage control (DB-DCFC) scheme for surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous machines (SPMSM) drive. Based on the SPMSM modeling, the relation between current and stator flux linkage is determined and the state variables are established. This would result in strong dynamic performance and secured current limit. Moreover, a simple sensorless control is developed. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is evaluated and compared to the conventional method by simulations and tests with a real-time hardware-in-the-loop platform. |
9,455 | Please write an abstract with title: Low crosstalk multi-mode crossing structure for multimode bound states in the continuum photonic circuits, and key words: Optical losses, Degradation, Crosstalk, Silicon nitride, Propagation losses, System-on-chip, Photonics. Abstract: We proposed and tested low loss and low crosstalk multimode waveguide crossing, using bound states in continuum on etchless silicon nitride wafer. The multimode channels intercrossed with each other with four TM mode with crosstalk below -20dB. ©2021 The Author(s) |
9,456 | Please write an abstract with title: Coordinated Topology Attacks in Smart Grid Using Deep Reinforcement Learning, and key words: Topology, Transmission line measurements, Power transmission lines, Power measurement, Biomedical measurement, Voltage measurement. Abstract: In this article, we investigate the coordinated topology attacks in smart grid, which combine a physical topology attack and a cyber-topology attack. The physical attack first trips a transmission line. In order to deceive the control center, the attacker masks the outage signal of the tripped line in the cyber layer and then creates a fake outage signal for another transmission line. The goal of coordinated topology attacks is to overload a critical line (different from the physical tripped line and the fake outage line) by misleading the control center into making improper dispatch. In order to determine the attack strategy, we propose a deep-reinforcement-learning-based method to identify the physical tripped line and the fake outage line. Besides, in order to block the outage signal of the tripped line and create the fake outage signal with limited attack resources, we propose a deep-reinforcement-learning-based approach to determine the minimal attack resources. Numerical simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
9,457 | Please write an abstract with title: On-Sensor Binarized Fully Convolutional Neural Network for Localisation and Coarse Segmentation, and key words: Performance evaluation, Heating systems, Convolution, Neural networks, Computer architecture, Object segmentation, Parallel processing. Abstract: Current neural networks are compatible with high-performance GPU/CPUs. However, implementing neural networks on emerging embedded sensor for inference is challenging due to sensor’s unique hardware architecture and stringent computing resources. With this in mind, this work presents new methods to implement fully convolutional neural networks (FCNs) on Pixel Processor Array (PPA) sensors with many techniques to fully use the limited resources on sensor. Specifically, we, for the first time, design and train binarized FCN for both binary weights and activations using batchnorm, group convolution, and learnable threshold for binarization, producing networks small enough to be embedded on the focal plane of the PPA, with limited local memory resources, and using parallel elementary add/subtract, shifting, and bit operations only. We demonstrate the first implementation of an FCN on a PPA device, performing three convolution layers entirely in the pixel-level processors. We use this architecture to demonstrate inference generating heat maps for object segmentation and localisation at over 280 FPS using the SCAMP-5 PPA vision chip. |
9,458 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Diagnosis of Cardiac Disease from Twelve-Lead and Reduced-Lead ECGs Using Multilabel Classification, and key words: Training, Measurement, Rockets, Neural networks, Training data, Transforms, Electrocardiography. Abstract: ECG is an essential tool for the clinical diagnosis of cardiac electrical abnormalities. As part of the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2021, eight and two folds from the 10-folds iterative splitting of public training data set were used as in-house training and internal validation sets. We used extracted features from RandOm Convolutional KErnel Transforms (ROCKETs) with a multilabel classification using XGBoost to predict cardiac abnormalities. Our team, LINC, developed an approach with minimal pre-processing (e.g., resampling data to 500Hz) and with no QRS detection or deep neural network design, which led to promising performance on the internal validation set. We didn't receive the official scores for the validation and test sets, because our entry failed during training in the official phase as we submitted an incomplete entry. Our classifiers received scores of 0.504, 0.466, 0.459, 0.458, and 0.438 for the 12-lead, 6-lead, 4-lead, 3-lead, and 2-lead versions on the internal validation set with the challenge evaluation metric (10 seconds ECG). |
9,459 | Please write an abstract with title: Internet of Water Things: A Remote Raw Water Monitoring and Control System, and key words: Water resources, Internet of Things, Monitoring, Computer architecture, Protocols, Water quality, Cloud computing. Abstract: The scarcity of the planet's water resources is a concern of several international entities and governments. Smart solutions for water quality monitoring are gaining prominence with advances in communication technology. This work's primary goal is to develop a new online system to monitor and manage water resources, called Internet of Water Things (IoWT). The proposed system's objective would be to control and manage raw water resources. Thus, it has developed a platform based on the server-less architecture and Internet of Things Architectural Reference Model, in which it is applied in a simulation environment, considering several electronic devices to validate its performance. For this research, there is a system for capturing raw water from tubular wells. Each well has a level sensor, a temperature sensor and a rain gauge. The data is collected every minute by an electronic device and sent every hour to the IoWT system. From data analysis, the amount of memory allocated to functions minimally interferes with efficiency. The IoWT system, applied in a real case, consists of connecting a device installed in a water well to the platform, where the data is transmitted through a 3G network and then processed. Thus, the proposed approach has great potential to be considered a complementary tool in monitoring raw water and assisting in decision-making for the management of water resources. |
9,460 | Please write an abstract with title: Joint Token and Feature Alignment Framework for Text-Based Person Search, and key words: Feature extraction, Visualization, Representation learning, Logic gates, Image reconstruction, Transformers, Training. Abstract: Text-based person search is a challenging cross-modal retrieval task. Existing works reduce the inter-modality and intra-class gaps by aligning local features extracted from image and text modalities, which easily lead to mismatching problems due to the lack of annotation information. Besides, it is sub-optimal to reduce two gaps simultaneously in the same feature space. This work proposes a novel joint token and feature alignment framework to reduce the inter-modality and intra-class gaps progressively. Specifically, we first build a dual-path feature learning network to extract features and conduct feature alignment to reduce the inter-modality gap. Second, we design a text generation module to generate token sequences using visual features, and then token alignment is performed to reduce the intra-class gap. Last, a fusion interaction module is introduced to further eliminate the modality heterogeneity using the strategy of multi-stage feature fusion. Extensive experiments on the CUHK-PEDES dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our model, which significantly outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods. |
9,461 | Please write an abstract with title: Multicriterial optimization of communication means, and key words: Speech codecs, Costs, Conferences, Telephony, Mobile communication, Market research, Mathematical models. Abstract: Mathematical models of selection of optimal design variants of systems taking into account a set of quality indicators on the basis of multicriteria approach are given. Application of methods of finding Pareto-optimal design solutions and narrowing of the Pareto subset to the only preferred option in solving problems of nominal planning of mobile communication systems of different generations, planning of mobile transport network and choice optimal speech codecs for IP telephony networks are considered. Also use the theory of Analytic Hierarchy Process for solving problems to choose an optimal variant. |
9,462 | Please write an abstract with title: Model Predictive Control for a New Magnetic Linked Multilevel Inverter to Integrate Solar Photovoltaic Systems With the Power Grids, and key words: Topology, Capacitors, Clamps, Switches, Power generation. Abstract: The multilevel inverters are becoming increasingly popular for use in the grid integration of wind and photovoltaic (PV) power plants due to their higher voltage handling capability and the better output power quality. There are several types of multilevel inverters that have been proposed in the literature; among them, the active neutral point clamp (ANPC) multilevel inverters have been drawing significant attention especially for solving the problems with other multilevel inverters. However, with the increase in the number of levels, the ANPC requires more electronic switches and flying capacitors, by which the complexity and the cost increase. In this article, an ANPC inverter with a reduced number of switches and flying capacitors is presented for the grid integration of the solar PV systems controlled using the model predictive control technique. This model predictive control technique uses a discrete-time model of the system to predict the future value of the active power and the reactive power for seven identified voltage vectors and selects the vector for the operation, which causes minimum cost function. The proposed power converter topology also effectively utilizes the dc bus voltage more when compared with the traditional ANPC converter. In the proposed inverter, a high-frequency transformer is used to eliminate the voltage balancing problems faced by the traditional ANPC inverters. The proposed magnetic linked power converter provides galvanic isolation, which is one of the most critical issues for traditional transformerless grid-connected PV systems. The proposed topology makes the control strategy simple and makes the power conversion system reliable for the PV power plants. The model predictive control-based power converter topology is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment and also validated in the laboratory test platform. |
9,463 | Please write an abstract with title: Significant failure rate observed at short-circuit testing of large power transformers, and key words: Circuit testing, Power transformers, Tensile stress, Coils, Compressive stress, Electrodynamics, Tellurium, IEC standards, Context-aware services, Energy consumption. Abstract: Recent experience shows that at initial access to short-circuit tests, 48% of the transformers (with power 25 MVA and above) fail to pass short-circuit tests. When only the change of winding reactance (in accordance with IEC standard 60076-5) is taken into account, the initial failure rate drops to 28%. These results are discussed in the context of the reported much smaller failure rate in service. It is concluded that although statistically every transformer faces several full short-circuits during its life, the current that really occurs at such a full short-circuit current is smaller than the rated short-circuit for which the transformer is designed. In the future, however, this gap will narrow due to more efficient utilisation of the networks and growth of energy consumption. |
9,464 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison Model of Buck-boost and Zeta Converter Circuit using MPPT Control Incremental Conductance Algorithm, and key words: Maximum power point trackers, Integrated circuit modeling, Switches, Capacitors, Mathematical model, Inductors, Electrical engineering. Abstract: Solar energy is currently being developed, one of the technologies being photovoltaic (PV) panels. The PV can generate electrical energy by absorbing sunlight through an extraordinary process. Due to the increased demand for electrical energy, the DC-DC converter is one component of the PV system that is installed to meet these energy needs. The Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) control system is then mounted to monitor the maximum power point close to the characteristics of the PV frame. This paper addressed the subject matter of the MPPT Incremental Conductance (IC) Algorithm using a comparative study of the effects of the Buck-boost and Zeta Converter Circuit Modeling. Both DC-DC converters are designed for a 1 kWp PV network that has been proposed to use a grid-connected PV network with an output voltage above 360 V. Simulations are conducted under Standard Test Condition with various irradiance conditions ranging from 100 to 1000 W/m2 and 25°C temperatures. The result of the modeling shows that the output of the solar panels is consistent with the power characteristics of the changes in irradiance and temperature. The zeta converter has the best performance with 94 % efficiency and high response time compared to the buck-boost converter with only 90% efficiency. Nonetheless, all circuits with MPPT control IC algorithms are still used to maintain output at full efficiency. |
9,465 | Please write an abstract with title: Peaking Transformer on a New Principle, and key words: Inductors, Circuit faults, Magnetic circuits, Voltage, Magnetic cores, Pulse shaping methods, Design engineering, Magnetic separation, Saturation magnetization, Pulse transformers. Abstract: Highly peaked voltages are obtained by connecting a linear reactor in series with a steeply saturating reactor free from magnetic joints, if the combination is excited with a sinusoidal voltage, and the saturable reactor is tapped for the peaked voltage. Similar results may also be obtained from a composite design with plenty of magnetic joints if the return magnetic circuit is arranged in two parallel branches, one branch saturable and bearing the secondary winding, and the other nonsaturating, provided that the joints are so arranged as to make the equivalent parallel path for the secondary joint-free. Such a design is shown in Fig. 2 and explained in Fig. 3. A common wrong arrangement of the joints is shown and explained in Fig. 5. Peaked voltage obtained by the design of Fig. 6 is shown in Fig. 7. |
9,466 | Please write an abstract with title: Machine learning approaches for crop growth monitoring using multi-temporal and multi-variety remotely sensed data, and key words: Data models, Predictive models, Biological system modeling, Agriculture, Remote sensing, Training, Solid modeling. Abstract: For crop growth monitoring task, process-based model is widely used to simulating plants biophysical processes using agrometeorological data, soil properties and plant management. However there is limitation for these models mainly due to availability, uncertainty and spatial variation of model parameters. To solve these problems, empirical models built using machine learning algorithms was developed to predict sugarcane sucrose content based on multi-temporal spectral data with a combination of agrometeorological data. The performance of the built models is evaluated with comparison of statistical model and machine learning model with only spectral data. The result shows that the machine learning model has a better performance compared with statistical model. Moreover, in addition of multi-temporal imformations from both spectral and agrometeorological data there is an apparently improvement on sugarcane sucrose prediction accuracy. |
9,467 | Please write an abstract with title: Server class disk drives: how reliable are they?, and key words: Disk drives, Home appliances, Databases, Data analysis, Manufacturing processes, Network servers, System testing, Life estimation, Electronic equipment testing, Life testing. Abstract: Hard disk drive manufacturers frequently set high expectations for drive reliability from their specifications, test results and "global returns database". However, field reliability experienced by customers often does not match those expectations. Actual disk drive reliability may differ greatly from the manufacturer's specification and from customer to customer because of dependence on a variety of factors, some of which are completely independent of the drive design or manufacturing process. Thermal environment and duty cycle, inherent characteristics of the drive itself, architecture and logic of the system in which it is used, and the data collection and analysis process itself are all sources of significant variability. Together, these can create a range on mean time between failures (MTBF), if MTBF is indeed the correct metric, of 350,000 to 1,200,000 hours over the lifetime of a population of server class disk drives. This paper further elaborates on these four causes of variability and explains how each is responsible for a possible gap between expected and measured drive reliability. |
9,468 | Please write an abstract with title: LDPC code design for OFDM channel: graph connectivity and information bits positioning, and key words: Parity check codes, Quadrature amplitude modulation, OFDM modulation, Error analysis, Channel coding, Performance gain, Decoding, Interference, Fading, Computational complexity. Abstract: We present an optimized channel coding scheme for OFDM transmission. In the future wireless standards such IEEE 802.11n, frame error rates (FER) as low as 0.0001 are targeting. Irregular LDPC codes have excellent performance at moderate computational complexity: they are strong candidates for channel coding in such systems. In the context of an OFDM transmission, Mannoni et al. (2002) proposed to optimize the graph connectivity of the irregular LDPC code accordingly to the channel spectrum. However, their codes did not have good performance for a FER range of 0.001-0.0001. In this paper, we propose to optimize the LDPC code in two steps: first, we optimize the graph connectivity in order to get a minimum operational average SNR and therefore excellent FER; then we optimize the information bits placement accordingly to the channel. By simulation, we show that our approach provides substantial performance gain in term of FER over the existing methods (1 dB or more for FER equal to 10/sup -4/). |
9,469 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Analysis of Dihedral Corner Reflectors for Slope Movements: A Case Study From Aniangzhai Landslide in China, and key words: Synthetic aperture radar, Radar polarimetry, Terrain factors, Radar cross-sections, Clutter, Satellites, Monitoring. Abstract: Using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and interferometric SAR (InSAR) technology, artificial corner reflectors (CRs) are popular coherent targets for monitoring ground instability with subcentimeter accuracy in nonurban areas. In this letter, we investigate the performance of a newly designed small dihedral CR for monitoring postfailure creep at the Aniangzhai landslide in Danba County, China. The new double geometry CRs consist of two sets of semicircular metal plates, each 30–40 cm in radius and perpendicular to each other. Six such CRs are installed for CR-InSAR analysis using both TerraSAR-X (TSX) high-resolution spotlight (HS) data and medium-resolution Sentinel-1 (S1) SAR images. The CRs are first identified in SAR images using a probability model by taking into three factors. These are: 1) inverse of amplitude dispersion; 2) intensity increment after the installation; and 3) an upper empirical bound derived from the ensemble average of pixel intensities in postdeployment SAR images. Experimental results show that the CRs improve the background intensity in TSX images by around 30 dB, with signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) exceeding 25 dB. Furthermore, the radar cross section (RCS) of CRs in both TSX and S1 images remains relatively stable, ranging from 15 to 23 dB, making them suitable for CR-InSAR analysis using double-difference phase observations. |
9,470 | Please write an abstract with title: Load Balancing Policies for Nested Fork-Join, and key words: Parallel programming, Conferences, Cluster computing, Benchmark testing, Load management, Task analysis, Load modeling. Abstract: Irregularity in parallel programs is often tackled by dynamic load balancing. Two well-known techniques, namely work sharing and work stealing, were recently combined into a hybrid scheme, which uses the former for shared-memory, and the latter for distributed-memory load balancing.Nested fork-join programs are an important type of task-based parallel programs, where tasks generate child tasks giving rise to an execution tree. The hybrid scheme was originally designed for a different task model. We transfer the hybrid scheme to nested fork-join programs, and compare different variants of the scheme, called load balancing policies. Experimental results show that the considered policies perform well for the used benchmarks with no significant difference between them. |
9,471 | Please write an abstract with title: Repair Pipelining for Clay-Coded Storage, and key words: Couplings, File systems, Bandwidth, Maintenance engineering, Pipeline processing. Abstract: Clay codes are a class of MSR codes which use pairwise coupling across multiple layers of any MDS code to provide low storage overhead, uniform performance for repairing both data and parity nodes and optimality with respect to repair bandwidth, sub-packetization and disk I/O. Repair pipelining is a technique to speed up repair performance in general erasure-coded storage. The repair time is reduced to approximately the same as normal read time by pipelining, using small-sized units across storage nodes. In this paper, we extend the concept of repair pipelining to Clay codes by utilizing the sub-packetization attribute of Clay codes to improve the performance, bandwidth utilization and obtain better repair times for node failures in distributed storage systems. |
9,472 | Please write an abstract with title: Operational Scenarios Oriented Aircraft Emergency Power Supply System Design and Integration, and key words: Emergency power supplies, Systems architecture, Integrated design, Regulation, Generators, Radio access technologies, Aircraft. Abstract: In modern civil aircraft design, multi-electric technology has become an important development direction, more and more essential aircraft systems use electric energy as working energy. The traditional power supply system architecture, which mainly depends on engine and APU drived electrical generator, can no longer meet the above requirements. For this reason, it is necessary to analyze, study and summarize the integrated design process of aircraft emergency power supply system based on RAT based on airworthiness clause requirements and combined with aircraft operational scenarios. An Operational Scenarios Oriented Aircraft Emergency Power Supply System Design and Integration method was proposed in this paper, including airworthiness regulation requirements and operational scenarios analysis, emergency power supply system functional design and requirements definition, as well as key activities in integration of emergency power supply system. |
9,473 | Please write an abstract with title: Proposed Methods for Evaluating Customer Well-Being and Store Satisfaction Using Online Product Reviews, and key words: one-to-one marketing, customer well-being, product review data, hyponymy analysis, machine learning. Abstract: We propose a new method of evaluating customer well-being-the sense that one's quality of life is improved through a purchase-by extending a hyponymy analysis to product reviews. We also propose a method of using product reviews to extract customer satisfaction with an online store. These methods can improve the match between shops' strength and customers' essential needs related to their well-being. |
9,474 | Please write an abstract with title: Morphons: segmentation using elastic canvas and paint on priors, and key words: Paints, Anisotropic magnetoresistance, Heart, Robustness, Deformable models, Elasticity, Viscosity, Brightness, Filter bank, Phase estimation. Abstract: This paper presents a new robust approach for segmentation. The segmentation is attained by morphing of an TV-dimensional model, the Morphon, onto the TV-dimensional data. The approach is general and can, in fact, be said to encompass much of the deformable model ideas that have evolved over the years. However, in contrast to commonly used models, a distinguishing feature of the Morphon approach is that it allows an intuitive interface for specifying prior information, hence the expression paint on priors. In this way it is simple to design Morphons for specific situations. The priors determine the behavior of the Morphon and can be seen as local data interpreters and response generators. There are three different kinds of priors: material parameter fields (elasticity, viscosity, anisotropy etc.), context fields (brightness, hue, scale, phase, anisotropy, certainly etc.) and global programs (filter banks, estimation procedures, adaptive mechanisms etc.). The morphing is performed using a dense displacement field. Both the material parameter and context fields are addressed via the present displacement field. An example of the performance of is given using 2D ultrasound images of a heart where the purpose is to segment the heart wall. |
9,475 | Please write an abstract with title: Capelin: Data-Driven Compute Capacity Procurement for Cloud Datacenters Using Portfolios of Scenarios, and key words: Capacity planning, Tools, Cloud computing, Containers, Topology, Procurement, Planning. Abstract: Cloud datacenters provide a backbone to our digital society. Inaccurate capacity procurement for cloud datacenters can lead to significant performance degradation, denser targets for failure, and unsustainable energy consumption. Although this activity is core to improving cloud infrastructure, relatively few comprehensive approaches and support tools exist for mid-tier operators, leaving many planners with merely rule-of-thumb judgement. We derive requirements from a unique survey of experts in charge of diverse datacenters in several countries. We propose Capelin, a data-driven, scenario-based capacity planning system for mid-tier cloud datacenters. Capelin introduces the notion of portfolios of scenarios, which it leverages in its probing for alternative capacity-plans. At the core of the system, a trace-based, discrete-event simulator enables the exploration of different possible topologies, with support for scaling the volume, variety, and velocity of resources, and for horizontal (scale-out) and vertical (scale-up) scaling. Capelin compares alternative topologies and for each gives detailed quantitative operational information, which could facilitate human decisions of capacity planning. We implement and open-source Capelin, and show through comprehensive trace-based experiments it can aid practitioners. The results give evidence that reasonable choices can be worse by a factor of 1.5-2.0 than the best, in terms of performance degradation or energy consumption. |
9,476 | Please write an abstract with title: Open domain Conversational Model using transfer learning, and key words: Social networking (online), Transfer learning, Neural networks, Natural languages, Transformers, Generators, Data models. Abstract: Conversational modeling is a complex task, comprising of natural language understanding and generating text as a response to the input given. In recent years, there has been the rise of a new set of conversational AI systems that are based on deep-learning neural networks architectures. With the advent of bigger and larger Transformer based Language Models trained on gigabytes of textual data and billions of parameters, the language generators are now able to generate answers, write articles and summarize texts with human-like fluency. In this paper, an open domain conversational agent that leverages transfer-learning based on OpenAI’s GPT-2 transformer language model has been implemented and then fine-tunes it on the Reddit dataset to generate relevant and in-context responses. Experimental results and live talking with the system show that the sentence formation for the responses are quite natural and efficiently uses the history of chat to select the best response. |
9,477 | Please write an abstract with title: A RS-SISO algorithm for serially concatenated continuous phase modulation, and key words: Concatenated codes, Continuous phase modulation, Iterative algorithms, Iterative decoding, Frequency, Performance analysis, Error analysis, Algorithm design and analysis, Analytical models, Convolutional codes. Abstract: The complexity of the soft input soft output (SISO) algorithm is a major concern for iterative detection in serially concatenated continuous phase modulation (SCCPM). In this paper, a reduced state SISO (RS-SISO) algorithm is presented based on the idea of reduced state sequence detection (RSSD). Error events analysis of SCCPM is given. Theoretic analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides both significant complexity reduction and little performance degradation compared with the optimal full state SISO algorithm. |
9,478 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Perception of Motion in Television Signals and its Application to Bandwidth Compression, and key words: Signal analysis, Motion analysis, TV, Bandwidth, Testing, Signal processing, Gaussian noise, Degradation, Information rates, Smoothing methods. Abstract: The method and results are reported of subjective assessment tests on the perception of motion in television signals. Discussed are applications of these results to the transmission technique for the difference between two adjacent frame signals. The main results are as follows. 1) Smoothness of motion is lost by field-repeating or frame-repeating TV signals, unless motion is slow. The just perceptible velocity and acceptable limit of velocity are determined by subjective tests. The velocity of moving objects should be very low in order to obtain smooth motion. 2) The precision required in separating the standard television signal into stationary and moving parts is derived from the just perceptible velocity in 1). It is about 1/3 of a Nyquist interval; that is, equivalent to a viewing angle of 45 s, when the viewing distance is 4 × (height of picture). 3) The apparent Gaussian noise level increases by 1 ∼ 3 dB when television pictures are field-repeated. On the other hand, it decreases in frame-repeated pictures, provided that the number of repetitions is small. 4) From subjective assessment of the degradation of picture quality caused by blurring of the moving part, it becomes clear that the bandwidth of the signal of the moving part can readily be reduced by a factor of 3.5. |
9,479 | Please write an abstract with title: The Measurement and Analysis of Dense Frequency Signals Considering New Energy Integration, and key words: Harmonic analysis, Time-frequency analysis, Discrete Fourier transforms, Interference, Frequency measurement, Analytical models, Signal resolution. Abstract: In power systems, dense frequency signals (DFSs) comprise several adjacent harmonics or inter-harmonics derived from power electronic devices. Signals that contain two or more significant frequency components within any 15 Hz frequency band are considered DFSs. Existing frequency detection methods cannot detect DFSs with precision in a 10-cycle-period. To solve this issue, an improved dense frequency signal detection (DFSD) method is proposed. Firstly, this paper presents a dense frequency model by which a signal can be decomposed into a series of intrinsic mode functions via complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD). Then, singular value decomposition (SVD) is performed to reduce the dimensions and eliminate noise. Finally, the intensive frequency model is solved via an independent component analysis (ICA), and the parameters of each frequency component are calculated. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately calculate dense frequency parameters. Considering asynchronous sampling, the proposed method has higher accuracy for harmonic and inter-harmonic detection under the IEC framework. |
9,480 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization techniques for cosine-modulated filter banks based on the frequency-response masking approach, and key words: Channel bank filters, Frequency, Finite impulse response filter, Filter bank, Prototypes, Constraint optimization, Interference constraints, Transfer functions, Design optimization, Electronic mail. Abstract: An optimization technique for designing cosine-modulated filter banks using the frequency-response masking approach is proposed. In the given method, we perform minimization in the least-squares and minimax senses, subject to direct and aliasing transfer-function constraints. For optimization, a quasi-Newton algorithm with line search is used, based on sequential quadratic programming. Simplified analytical expressions to impose the interference constraints are proposed. The results are lower levels of aliasing transfers for a pre-determined filter order, or reduced filter complexity for given levels of interference. Specifications that were unfeasible due to lengthy FIR filter requirements are now achieved using the FRM-CMFB design. |
9,481 | Please write an abstract with title: Cooperative and smart attacks detection systems in 6G-enabled Internet of Things, and key words: 6G mobile communication, Technological innovation, Satellites, Collaboration, Computer architecture, Internet of Things, Servers. Abstract: The Sixth Generation (6G) of mobile networks offers the promise of a global interconnected system, serving a large set of applications across multiple fields such as satellite, air, ground, and underwater networks. It will evolve towards a unified network compute fabric that facilitates convergence across ecosystems, fostering design and innovation of new Internet of Things (IoT) applications and services, further leading to an exponential growth of IoT use cases in the post-6G era. This profound evolution will also impact the threat landscape, adding new threat actors, and leading to a new set of cyber security challenges. This paper reviews 6G applications and analyzes their security challenges and existing solutions, covering both the network, application and data layers. It introduces a new concept to security monitoring and attack detection in 6G-enabled IoT systems, leveraging on hierarchical and collaborative approaches, while also satisfying the main 6G’s Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) such as trustworthiness, latency, connectivity, data rate and energy consumption. The proposed solution implements a multi-level Federated Learning (FL) approach between IoT devices and edge computing applications. As compared to current centralized security monitoring and detection solutions, it conciliates better between the attack detection accuracy and the network overhead for implementing this model. We demonstrate the use of the proposed solution through an example scenario involving an Internet of Vehicles that communicate over a 6G network. |
9,482 | Please write an abstract with title: Simulation of 700 MHz Spectrum Deployment in Indonesia's Urban Area for 5G New Radio Network, and key words: TV, Sensitivity, Simulation, Urban areas, Bandwidth, Switches, New Radio. Abstract: Indonesia is currently constructing the infrastructure and policies necessary for the 5G New Radio (NR) network implementation. Spectrum availability is a necessary condition for the deployment of wireless-based services. Increased allocation of the radio frequency spectrum is one of the techniques to boost network capacity. The most intriguing aspect of Indonesia's low-frequency spectrum situation is that the 700 MHz channel is now reserved for analog television. After the Analog Switch-Off (ASO), there will be a digital dividend in the 700 MHz band, of which 700 MHz can be used for the 5G NR spectrum. Hence, it is necessary to determine the optimal number of gNodeB to support 5G using the 700 MHz frequency. This study aims to determine the required number of gNodeB needed based on coverage planning for implementing 5G NR technology in an urban area in Indonesia, that is, Bandung city, using the 700 MHz frequency band and 30 MHz of bandwidth. In the uplink scenario, the demanded gNodeB is 27, while the downlink is 9. Additionally, a simulation method is done with a network simulator, Forsk Atoll. The simulation results show that the average value of SS-RSRP was −94.15 dB, while the average value of SS-SINR was 13.32 dB, both indicating good performance. |
9,483 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of neutron detector using the PIN photodiode with polyethylene (n,p) converter, and key words: Neutrons, PIN photodiodes, Polyethylene, Protons, Radiation detectors, Silicon, Inductors, Ionization, Plastics, Fission reactors. Abstract: A Si photodiode detector, PIN type, 10/spl times/10mm, with a slim film of a converter material, capable to produce charged particles, was used as sensor of neutrons and it was projected to he used in an environment of a zero power reactor. Polyethylene, n(CH/sub 2/), which produces recoil protons from the (n,p) interaction was used to improve the detection efficiency. The optimal thickness of the converters was determined experimentally and a mathematical model was applied to fit to the experimental data. For an AmBe source the optimum polyethylene layer thickness was of 0.0873 cm (94.3 mg.cm/sup -2/). The converter of polyethylene was capable to improved the detection efficiency to a factor of 14.8 compared to measurements without converter. The detector shows a good response (r/sup 2/=99.93%) to estimate the power variation during the operation of the zero power type reactor (IPEN/MB-01). Due to the high efficiency of the detector and its small size it is a good alternative to be used as a personal dosimeter. |
9,484 | Please write an abstract with title: An Improved Model for Human Activity Recognition by Integrated feature Approach and Optimized SVM, and key words: Surveillance, Video sequences, Support vector machine classification, Artificial neural networks, Activity recognition, Optimization, Principal component analysis. Abstract: Lately, human activity recognition has pulled in an expanding measure of consideration from research and industry networks. Human activity recognition is the consistently sprouting exploration zone as it finds magnificent utilizations in surveillance, healthcare, and many real-life problems. This paper presents a technique to automatically recognize human activity from a video sequence. An integrated features approach using Histogram of Gradient (HOG) local feature descriptor and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as a global feature is proposed in this paper. Optimized Support Vector Machine(SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) used as a classifier. The proposed model is trained and tested on Benchmark KTH dataset, results obtained are comparable with existing methods. The proposed technique achieved the activity recognition accuracy of 99.21 percent. The experimental results confirms that the embedded feature approach and optimization techniques for classifier improves the performance of human activity recognition. |
9,485 | Please write an abstract with title: Five-Leg Converter Dual-Winding AC Drive Systems, and key words: Voltage, Rectifiers, Stators, Rotors, Jacobian matrices, Leg, Induction machines, Circuit topology, Power semiconductor switches, Switching converters. Abstract: This paper presents two drive system configurations both consisting of a five legs converter feeding dual-winding induction machines. The control strategies for the drive systems are investigated and its relevant characteristics are presented. Simulated and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the two configurations |
9,486 | Please write an abstract with title: A dual-gate MESFET variable-gain constant-output power amplifier, and key words: MESFETs, Power amplifiers, Radiofrequency amplifiers, Microwave amplifiers, Power generation, Broadband amplifiers, Pulse amplifiers, Radio frequency, FETs, Low-noise amplifiers. Abstract: This paper will cover a power amplifier with a constant output power of 3 ± 2dBm for a large dynamic range of input power of -45dBm to 0dBm over a 4-8GHz band. |
9,487 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploring the Impact of Resampling Methods for Malware Detection, and key words: Systematics, Big Data, Feature extraction, Prediction algorithms, Malware, Task analysis, Standards. Abstract: Malware detection is a well-known problem with severe consequences in terms of damages and financial losses. The typical imbalance of this domain causes serious problems to the learning algorithms that are not able to focus correctly in the scarce malware cases. Although resampling techniques have shown to be effective, their impact has not yet been studied for the particular domain of malware detection. This paper focus on the evaluation of resampling methods to tackle the malware detection problem under a realistic assumption of malware rarity. Several machine learning-based solutions proposed for this domain use non-public data sets and consider different malware prevalence in the data. This makes difficult the comparison of solutions. We use the freely available NSL-KDD data set which has a rarity associated with the malware cases that resembles a more realistic scenario. Our main goal is to assess the potential advantages of applying resampling techniques in this setting as well as their impact when using different standard learning algorithms. We also carry out an extensive analysis of resampling techniques using different parameters which allows to test the best configuration of these techniques. We explore not only a balanced class scenario but also other class configurations that may be more beneficial to improve the predictive performance of the algorithms. We present a systematic study of the effectiveness of existing resampling approaches for tackling the imbalance problem in malware domains. We show that resampling techniques present an advantage and explore their impact in the predictive accuracy of each class. Finally, we also show that different resampling strategies have a different impact in the importance of the features used by the learning algorithms. |
9,488 | Please write an abstract with title: Design Process of an Affordable Smart Robotic Crutch for Paralyzed Patients, and key words: Robotic Crutch, Automatic Movement, Hybrid Assistive Limb, Ultrasonic Sensors etc. Abstract: The research work is to suggest a smart multifunctional Robotic Crutch which is designed for Cripple or Physically disabled people for instant object detection purposes. It is a robotic crutch designed for the movement of cripple or physically disabled persons. Crutches help to transfer weight from the legs to the upper body. The crutch can be attached to the both sides of the user and help the user to move. The proposed model enables the user to control the crutch with the manual switching device. This crutch can detect the object around the user while moving. After detecting the object, the high torque gear motor will be automatically stopped. Moreover, typically people who have disabilities or injuries, or older adults who are at increased risk of falling, to reduce user fall and instant object detection purposes for physically disabled people, there was no Robotics Crutch introduced in the past. The lighting feature of this crutch will help the user to move during the night. A GPS tracking device has added as an extra feature to detect the exact position of disabled people by the family members. The proposed outcome of the project is to give the proper and efficient support to the physically disabled people by helping them to move and detect the user's exact position. |
9,489 | Please write an abstract with title: Cybernetic transport systems: lessons to be learned from user needs analysis and field experience, and key words: Cybernetics, Cities and towns, Transportation, Acceleration, Pollution, Law, Legal factors, Road vehicles, Man machine systems, Electric vehicles. Abstract: CyberCars is a European project in the Information Society Technologies Programme of the Fifth Framework.. The Project's main goal is to accelerate the development and implementation of novel urban transportation systems, based on automated vehicles for movement of people and goods. These systems aim at improving mobility, while reducing negative effects of the private car use in cities (congestion, pollution...), by complementing today's mass transit systems and hence offering a real alternative with better convenience and efficiency than the private car in the cities. This paper investigates: the user needs of cybercars; valuable field experience in the area of human-machine interface (HMI) and the legal hurdles encountered in first implementations of "cybercars" in Switzerland. |
9,490 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimized event-triggered control for linear systems with state observer, and key words: Linear systems, Costs, Simulation, Riccati equations, Optimal control, Observers, Nonlinear systems. Abstract: In this paper, an optimal event-triggered control method based on observer for linear systems is proposed. In order to reduce resource consumption and computing cost, we propose an event-triggered strategy, a linear state observer based on event-triggered mechanism is designed. Using the event-based strategy, the signal transmitting and controller updating occur in an aperiodic manner. It is proved that the linear system using the event-triggered optimal control strategy is asymptotically stable and the event-triggered method can avoid the existence of Zeno behavior. Simulation results have proved the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
9,491 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and receiving of downlink GSM signal using spectrum analyzer, and key words: Signal analysis, Downlink, GSM, Spectral analysis, Frequency conversion, Antenna measurements, Land mobile radio cellular systems, Receiving antennas, Radio transmitters, Base stations. Abstract: Coverage prediction can help cellular radio operator to predict the service area that to be covered based on received radio field strength. However, the field measurement on the received radio signal strength is important and has to be carried out at a few locations. Receiving of cellular radio signal from a system operator including GSM (e.g. Maxis and Celcom) have been done by using spectrum analyzer around University of College Technology Tun Hussein Onn (KUiTTHO). This signal is then analyzed to determine the important parameters such as frequency, signal strength, channels, etc. In this work, we have developed a monopole antenna to receive the signal for indoor and outdoor locations. |
9,492 | Please write an abstract with title: Emergence of Gabor-Like Receptive Fields in a Recurrent Network of Mixed-Signal Silicon Neurons, and key words: Neurons, Tuning, Kernel, Retina, Visualization, Neuromorphics, Synapses. Abstract: Mixed signal analog/digital neuromorphic circuits offer an ideal computational substrate for testing and validating hypotheses about models of sensory processing, as they are affected by low resolution, variability, and other limitations that affect in a similar way real neural circuits. In addition, their real-time response properties allow to test these models in closed-loop sensory-processing hardware setups and to get an immediate feedback on the effect of different parameter settings. Within this context we developed a recurrent neural network architecture based on a model of the retinocortical visual pathway to obtain neurons highly tuned to oriented visual stimuli along a specific direction and with a specific spatial frequency, with Gabor-like receptive fields. The computation performed by the retina is emulated by a Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS) while the following feed-forward and recurrent processing stages are implemented by a Dynamic Neuromorphic Asynchronous Processor (DYNAP) chip that comprises adaptive integrate-and fire neurons and dynamic synapses. We show how the network implemented on this device gives rise to neurons tuned to specific orientations and spatial frequencies, independent of the temporal frequency of the visual stimulus. Compared to alternative feedforward schemes, the model proposed produces highly structured receptive fields with a limited number of synaptic connections, thus optimizing hardware resources. We validate the model and approach proposed with experimental results using both synthetic and natural images. |
9,493 | Please write an abstract with title: Space-time coded multi-transmission among distributed transmitters without perfect synchronization, and key words: Transmitters, Frequency synchronization, Wireless sensor networks, Mobile antennas, Transmitting antennas, Antenna arrays, Delay, Timing, Block codes, Energy efficiency. Abstract: For mobile users without antenna arrays, transmission diversity can be achieved with cooperative space-time encoded transmissions. However, a challenge is the lack of perfect synchronization on delay, timing and carrier frequency of distributed transmitters, which destroys the required space-time signal structure. In this letter, a new transmission scheme is proposed which employs distributed space-time block codes to achieve full diversity while tolerating imperfect synchronization. It is promising in distributed wireless networks such as sensor networks both to enhance transmission energy efficiency and to reduce synchronization cost. |
9,494 | Please write an abstract with title: AMADEUS: a scalable HMM-based audio information retrieval system, and key words: Hidden Markov models, Information retrieval, Music information retrieval, Fingerprint recognition, Robustness, Pattern matching, Content based retrieval, Content management, Technology management, Watermarking. Abstract: The new transmission and storage technologies now available have put together a vast amount of digital audio. All this audio is ready and easy to transfer but it might be useless with a clear knowledge of its content as metadata attached to it. This knowledge can be manually added but this is not feasible for millions of on-line files. In this paper we present a method to automatically derive acoustic information about audio files and a technology to classify and retrieve audio examples. |
9,495 | Please write an abstract with title: Cable Model Using Defective Melt Joint Applying to Partial Discharge Detection, and key words: Partial discharges, Electrical engineering, Analytical models, Manufacturing processes, Asia, Discharges (electric). Abstract: Structural models based on the same material of the cable are usually used to conduct tests when studying the problems related to partial discharge of the cable body and accessories. However, it is difficult for such test models to reflect the characteristics of partial discharge signal transmission inside the cable. As an alternative to the traditional cable intermediate joint, the melt joint has almost the same electrical performance as the original cable, which can effectively solve the problem of the movable interface of the traditional joint. This paper gives a method of making and applying cable models by using the defective melt joint technology to reflect the actual partial discharge signal accurately. The analysis and test results show that the given model manufactured using the cable melting technology provides obvious partial discharge signals and can effectively simulate various partial discharge characteristics. |
9,496 | Please write an abstract with title: Security State Estimation Algorithm of Data Transmission Channel in Wireless Communication Network, and key words: Wireless communication, Energy loss, Channel estimation, Full-duplex system, Mean square error methods, Propagation losses, Security. Abstract: In the scene of high-speed vehicle networking, the full-duplex relay communication C-V2X wireless communication network suffers from strong interference, which leads to poor channel security of communication system and low error rate of communication output. A channel security state estimation algorithm of full-duplex relay communication CV2x wireless communication network in high-speed vehicle networking scene based on linear least mean square error estimation is proposed. The channel model of full-duplex relay communication CV2x wireless communication network in high-speed vehicle networking scene is constructed, and the concept of propagation loss is used to describe the energy loss of relay communication CV2x wireless communication. In each array element, the deep learning network is used to directly perform blind channel equalization on the received data. Under different transmission speeds, the channel gain control model of the full-duplex relay communication C-V2X wireless network in the high-speed vehicle networking scene is constructed with the intensity and propagation time of multipath waves as constraint parameters. The error rate estimation is used to estimate the output state of the communication channel in real time. The simulation results show that the full-duplex relay communication C-V2X wireless data transmission with this method in the high-speed vehicle networking scene has high channel security, low bit error rate and strong anti-interference ability. |
9,497 | Please write an abstract with title: A hybrid operating model for wireless hotspot businesses, and key words: Companies, Internet, Advertising, Europe, Airports, Employment, Business communication, Collaborative work, System software, Access control. Abstract: Wireless hotspots in public venues offer customers the prospect of broadband Internet connectivity that nomadic workers would experience in a corporate environment. Hotspots not only benefit users but also provide opportunities for businesses, such as hotspot wholesalers and telecommunication companies, to enter the market to gain a competitive edge. Many hotspot players are establishing partnership and collaboration, and as a result they have developed business operating models to manage the hotspot effectively. However, we believe that, although these current models to be profitable to some companies, they are likely to be a burden to users and therefore likely to limit growth in this area. The paper identifies the existing hotspot business models and proposes a hybrid hotspot operational model with advertising as the primary feature to encourage a wider deployment of hotspots. A technical implementation of the system software that provides the operational capabilities such that local advertisement can be displayed on a user machine in return for 'free' Internet access is also presented. |
9,498 | Please write an abstract with title: Model-driven development in hardware-software co-design of controllers for cyber-physical systems, and key words: Co-design, Hardware-software, model-driven development, FPGA, Distributed controllers, Petri nets. Abstract: In this paper a model-driven development approach based on Petri nets behavioural descriptions and fully supported by a web-based tool framework is presented. Its application and exploitation within a MSc course on hardware-software co-design supported by reconfigurable systems is used to validate its adequacy. The proposed model-driven development approach (based on Petri nets modeling) is targeted to address distributed controllers systems as part of cyber-physical systems (seen as globally-asynchronous locally-synchronous systems) and supports all the development phases from modeling and specification to deployment into implementation platforms (without writing a line of code), and including analysis activities, such as simulation and properties verification, as well as full support to integrate hardware-software co-design techniques when mapping components into execution platforms. |
9,499 | Please write an abstract with title: Predicting Vulnerabilities in Web Applications Based on Website Security Model, and key words: Crawlers, Force, Predictive models, Web servers, Software, Telecommunications, Security. Abstract: Web sites and services are probably the most used digital channels today, from ordinary web-sites to cloud services that enable many aspects of our digital lives. Due to the popularity of the web, it is also a very common target of cyber attacks that typically focus either on web application itself or on the underlying server infrastructure. Regarding the highest level of the stack - the web application - there are many available frameworks and content management systems (CMS) for rapid web development, from the ones more oriented to developers (e.g. Spring, Django) to the ones that focus on end users (e.g. Wordpress, Joomla). Typical problem with using a framework or a CMS is the need for constant care of its security, which is done by regular patching of the systems. When going a bit lower towards the web server, one can observe the security related features that might or might not be implemented on the server, such as header security (e.g. cookie related flags, force of encryption etc.). The state of all the mentioned parameters can well be obtained by web crawlers that can browse the web and collect specific information about web applications, sites and servers that run them. In this paper, we propose a model for estimating the possibility of web compromise based on the historical crawler collected data. Due to large amounts of data that can be gathered from the web sites and, especially, indication of compromise of particular web sites, we can determine what factors might lead to a compromise in near future. In this sense, we propose a method for analyzing web site data with respect to known compromises from historical data. We build a model that describes a web site's security state and use the method for estimating how secure the modeled web is and how likely it would become a victim of compromise. |
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