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9,600 | Please write an abstract with title: An Electrical-Feedback Based Bandwidth Extension Technique of Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers for Airborne Application, and key words: Ultrasonic transducers, Performance evaluation, Employee welfare, Vibrations, Force, Bandwidth, Transceivers. Abstract: This work presents a bandwidth extension method based on electrical feedback force for the first time. Two kinds of feedback methods which are based on nonlinear and linear feedback force were analyzed. By utilizing the electric feedback signal, the nonlinearity and relative phase delay between the electrical feedback force and vibration displacement can be flexibly adjusted to extend the bandwidth of an air-coupled Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (PMUT). Finally, a verification experiment was conducted, indicating that the -6dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) of the device was extended more than 3 times, up to 13.56% in air-coupled working condition. |
9,601 | Please write an abstract with title: IoT-Enabled Light Intensity-Controlled Seamless Highway Lighting System, and key words: Lighting, Roads, Sensors, Automobiles, Energy consumption, Relay networks (telecommunications). Abstract: Motivated by enormous highway-lighting energy consumption, smart lighting development is crucial to better manage available resources. While existing literature focused on ensuring cost-effective lighting, an equally important requirement, namely the visual comfort of motorists, is almost disregarded. This article proposes a novel Internet of Things-enabled system that can be intelligently controlled according to the traffic demand. Cooperative relay-network architecture is the central element that leverages upon placement of cyber-enabled lampposts to allow for sensing-exchanging highway traffic information. Data accumulation is exploited to automate adaptive switching on/off the lighting and provide backtracking detection of faulty lampposts. From the service provider's perspective, we envision to deploy low-cost highly durable sensing and network components to significantly cut down the operating cost. From the road user's perspective, the relay-network is envisaged to provide seamless driving experience where sufficient lighting is always perceived along the road. A critical analysis quantitatively evaluates the seamless driving experience considering car arrival rate, outage probability, and device malfunction probability. A road occupancy-based cost estimation analysis demonstrates the effective cost reduction of the proposal compared to existing systems. Furthermore, the performance of chosen communication modules under different setups is assessed through simulation, suggesting appropriate protocol for different highway traffic conditions. |
9,602 | Please write an abstract with title: Relaxation oscillation noise suppression in fibre DFB lasers using a semiconductor optical amplifier, and key words: Optical noise, Semiconductor device noise, Fiber lasers, Laser noise, Semiconductor lasers, Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Distributed feedback devices, Laser feedback, Noise reduction, Stimulated emission. Abstract: We report the experimental results of a simple, all optical technique to reduce the relative intensity noise peak of a fibre distributed feedback laser. A noise reduction of 30 dB is achieved. |
9,603 | Please write an abstract with title: ANFIS-Inspired Smart Framework for Education Quality Assessment, and key words: Education, Quality assessment, Internet of Things, Analytical models, Decision making, Real-time systems, Recommender systems. Abstract: In the education sector, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, integrated with fog-cloud computing, has offered productive services. Motivated by this, the smart recommender system offers the facility to the students to opt for the course and college based on the education quality. This research provides an IoT-fog-cloud paradigm for evaluating the academic environment with a perspective to enhance quality education. Specifically, IoT technology is incorporated to gather data about the academic environment that directly and indirectly influence the quality of education. Using the Bayesian Modeling Technique, the data collected is analyzed utilizing a fog-cloud computing framework to quantify the measure of the probability of education quality (PoEQ). Moreover, the Education Quality Assurance Index (EQAI) is calculated to analyze the quality assessment over a temporal scale. Furthermore, predictive decision-making is performed for quality estimation using the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The experimental simulation on 4 challenging datasets namely C1 (2124 instances), C2 (2112), C3 (2139), and C4 (2109) shows the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Simulation findings are compared with state-of-the-art techniques to measure the overall performance enhancement of the proposed system. Also, the mathematical analysis was carried out to assess the analytical performance of the proposed framework. |
9,604 | Please write an abstract with title: Vision-based lane detection for passenger cars: configuration aspects, and key words: Robustness, Cameras, Roads, Geometry, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Costs, Sensor systems, Image reconstruction, Condition monitoring, Solid modeling. Abstract: Vision-based lane sensing systems require accurate and robust sensing performance in lane detection. Besides, there exists a trade-off between the computational burden and processor cost, which should be considered for implementing the systems in passenger cars. A stereo vision-based lane detection system is developed considering sensor configuration aspects. An inverse perspective mapping method is formulated based on the relative correspondence between the left and right cameras so that the 3-dimensional road geometry can be reconstructed in a robust manner. A new monitoring model for estimating the road geometry parameters is constructed to reduce the number of the measured signals. The selection of the sensor configuration and specifications is investigated by utilizing the characteristics of standard highways. Based on the sensor configurations, it is shown that appropriate sensing region on the camera image coordinate can be determined. The proposed system is implemented on a passenger car and verified experimentally. |
9,605 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigations on Temporal Sampling and Patternless Frame Recovery for Asynchronous Display-Camera Communication, and key words: Cameras, Modulation, Synchronization, Optical transmitters, Optical receivers, Optical imaging, Optical sensors. Abstract: Alongside classic Visible Light Communication using LEDs and photodiodes, Optical Display-Camera Communication offers another promising way of transmitting data through visible light wirelessly: A display serves as a multi-parallel transmitter array and a camera as the corresponding receiver. Due to the high number of pixels, high data rates in the range of several Mbit/s can be achieved despite comparatively low temporal rates. A major challenge that all high rate system realizations have to overcome is the lack of synchronization between display and camera. Along with varying playback and recording behavior of the devices, this typically results in mixed recordings of display frames in the receiver, which complicates frame decoding. In this paper, we fundamentally investigate the temporal sampling process in display-camera communication. Using our improved modeling we determine the minimum temporal oversampling factor required for lossless frame acquisition, in order to maximize system efficiency in the temporal domain. We propose a solution for the synchronization problem for invisible system approaches with differential modulation, in which the original display frames are recovered from asynchronous recordings in the receiver. Experimental results show that this method works robustly even with high motion background videos and without the need for embedded synchronization markers. |
9,606 | Please write an abstract with title: IoT Medicine in COVID-19 Detection and Emergency Ambulance Alert with Hand Sanitizer, and key words: Temperature measurement, Temperature sensors, Wireless sensor networks, Social networking (online), Internet of Things, Heart rate variability, Biomedical monitoring. Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) technology has become a significant part of our life. This technology has been used to remotely monitor the smart devices connected to the internet. The IoT technology has been the tremendously developed technology for smart devices. The parameters like heart disease, Heart Rate Variability (HRV) & High Temperature (HT) & had been regularly monitored. A device has been designed to monitor Heart Rate (HR), Heart Rate Variability (HRV) & Blood Pressure Rate (CT) parameters in cardiovascular patients regularly. The device consists of a wearable sensor that had been constantly measuring the patient health parameters. The output of the wearable sensors had been sent to the mobile application via the wireless connection. In case of an abnormal condition, HR, HRV, CT& patient’s condition had been sent to the patient’s condition had been sent to the patient’s family and physician through email and Twitter notification. This smart device had given the confidence to move in the environment and to stay healthy. |
9,607 | Please write an abstract with title: Characterization of Nematic Liquid Crystal using Complementary FSS in D-band, and key words: Frequency selective surfaces, Antenna measurements, Dielectric constant, Permittivity measurement, Conferences, Permittivity, Millimeter wave communication. Abstract: A multi-loop complementary frequency selective surface (CFSS) for characterizing the permittivity of the nematic liquid crystal (LC) mixture is proposed and investigated. By using the CFSS structure, the permittivity of a 10 μm thick LC layer can be effectively extracted. Furthermore, the quasi-broadband characterization is provided through the multi-loop structure. The proposed structure provides an inexpensive, compact and straightforward measurement method to extract the LC permittivity in the sub-THz band. |
9,608 | Please write an abstract with title: Tracking of Partially Visible Elliptical Objects with a Lidar Sensor using Random Matrices and a Virtual Measurement Model, and key words: Matched filters, Virtual machine monitors, Laser radar, Estimation, Filtering algorithms, Market research, Object tracking. Abstract: Virtual measurement models (VMM) can be used to generate artificial measurements and emulate complex sensor models such as Lidar. The input of the VMM is an estimation and the output is the set of measurements this estimation would cause. A Kalman filter with extension estimation based on random matrices is used to filter mean and covariance of the real measurements. If these match the mean and covariance of the artificial measurements, then the given estimation is appropriate. The optimal input of the VMM is found using an adaptation algorithm. In this paper, the VMM approach is expanded for multi-extended object tracking where objects can be occluded and are only partially visible. The occlusion can be compensated if the extension estimation is performed for all objects together. The VMM now receives as input an estimation for the multi-object state and the output are the measurements that this multi-object state would cause. |
9,609 | Please write an abstract with title: A simplified thermal model for variable-speed self-cooled industrial induction motor, and key words: Induction motors, Heat transfer, Equations, Temperature, Rotors, Impedance, Testing, Industry Applications Society, Stators, Solid modeling. Abstract: In this paper, a simplified thermal model for variable-speed self-cooled induction motors is proposed and experimentally verified. The thermal model is based on simple equations that are compared with more complex equations well known in the literature. The proposed thermal model allows one to predict the over temperature in the main parts of the motor, starting from the measured or the estimated losses in the machine. In the paper, the description of the thermal model setup is reported in detail. Finally, the model is used to define the correct power derating for a variable-speed pulsewidth-modulation induction motor drive. |
9,610 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparison of phase noise simulation techniques, and key words: Phase noise, 1f noise, White noise, Radio frequency, Mathematical model, Oscillators, SPICE, Bipolar transistors, Circuit noise, Noise generators. Abstract: The phase noise resulting from white and flicker noise in a BJT amplifier and LC oscillator are investigated. HSPICE, ELDO RF, and SPECTRE RF simulations of phase noise resulting from the random-phase flicker and white noise have been performed and demonstrated. The simulation results are compared with the experimental result reported in the literature. |
9,611 | Please write an abstract with title: Providing VCR functionality in staggered video broadcasting, and key words: Video recording, Multimedia communication, Video sharing, TV broadcasting, Streaming media, Digital video broadcasting, Delay, Satellite broadcasting, Network servers, Bandwidth. Abstract: A true video-on-demand (TVoD) system allows users to view any video program, at any time, and perform any VCR function, but its per-user video delivery cost is very expensive. A near video-on-demand (NVoD) system uses a more scalable approach by batching multiple clients to a shared stream of broadcasting videos. Staggered video broadcasting, one of the NVoD techniques, broadcasts multiple streams of the same video at staggered times, with one stream serving multiple clients. In order to provide subscribers with a high-quality VoD service, it is desirable to add VCR functionality, such as fast forward and fast rewind, but it is not easy to provide VCR functionality in NVoD, especially a video broadcasting system where no dedicated or interactive channel is available. We analyze the conditions necessary to provide VCR functions and then propose a reception schedule that satisfies these conditions, with minimal resource requirements. Since our proposed scheme receives video frames as units, it can rapidly sustain a changing VCR action pattern. It is demonstrated, by simulation, that the scheme provides VCR functionality consistently with minimal buffer space. |
9,612 | Please write an abstract with title: Mighty mites [fuel cell power supplies], and key words: Fuel cells, Batteries, Portable computers, Hydrogen, Personal digital assistants, Cellular phones, Space technology, Handheld computers, Manufacturing, Temperature. Abstract: In this article, the author examines how the fuel cell's first big market success may be alcohol-fed units small enough to power cellphones, laptops, and PDAs. |
9,613 | Please write an abstract with title: Quantum-Resistant Cryptography for the Internet of Things Based on Location-Based Lattices, and key words: Cryptography, Security, Internet of Things, Quantum computing, Protocols, Lattices, Computers. Abstract: An important enabler of the Internet of Things (IoT) is the Narrow-Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology, which is a 3GPP standards compliant connectivity solution. Quantum computing, another emerging technological paradigm, promises novel compute opportunities but is also able to compromise cybersecurity ciphers. Therefore, improved methods to mitigate such security threats are needed. In this research, we propose a location-aware cryptographic system that guarantees post-quantum IoT security. The ultimate value of a location-driven cryptosystem is to use the geographic location as a player’s identity and credential. Position-driven cryptography using lattices is efficient and lightweight, and it can be used to protect sensitive and confidential data in many critical situations that rely heavily on exchanging confidential data. At the best of our knowledge, this research starts the study of unconditional-quantum-resistant-location-driven cryptography by using the Lattice problem for the IoT in a pre-and post-quantum world. Unlike existing schemes, the proposed cryptosystem is the first secure and unrestricted position-based protocol that guards against any number of collusion attackers and against quantum attacks. It has a guaranteed authentication process, solves the problems of distributing public keys by removing a public key infrastructure (PKI), offers secure NB-IoT without SIM cards, and resists location spoofing attacks. Furthermore, it can be generalized to any network – not just NB-IoT. |
9,614 | Please write an abstract with title: The advanced photon source injector test stand: phase two, and key words: Testing, Rails, Linear particle accelerator, Feeds, Control systems, Assembly, Concrete, Guns, Temperature control, Lattices. Abstract: The high-power S-band feed subsystem and the versatile method of beamline construction have been combined to provide for further testing of a unique gun that incorporates three cavities and requires three separate S-band feeds. Completed in December 2002, this configuration of the injector test stand is intended to investigate performance of the ballistic bunch compression gun [J.W. Lewellen and S.V. Milton, "Preliminary Calculations of Ballistic Bunch Comrpession with Thermionic Cathode RF Guns", PRoc. SPIE - Int. Soc. Opt. Eng (Coherent Electron Beam X-Ray Sources: TEchniques and Applications) Vol. 3154, pp. 162-171(1997)]. If this gun proves to be desirable for injection at the APS, then the ballistic bunch compression gun together with the S-band feed subsystem and portions of the beamline will be relocated in the APS linac tunnel. |
9,615 | Please write an abstract with title: Tuning Avalanche Path in Vertical GaN JFETs By Gate Driver Design, and key words: JFETs, Logic gates, MOSFET, Gallium nitride, Silicon carbide, Standards, Power electronics. Abstract: The 1.2-kV vertical gallium nitride (GaN) fin-channel junction-gate field-effect transistor (JFET) has recently emerged as a promising candidate for power electronics. It is normally <small>off</small> and has a specific <small>on</small>-resistance smaller than that of 1.2-kV SiC <small>mosfets</small>. A robust avalanche capability has also been reported in vertical GaN JFETs with an avalanche current flowing through the gate. This avalanche path differs from that of power <small>mosfets</small> (via the source) and may pose challenges in gate driver reliability. This article, for the first time, demonstrates that the avalanche current in GaN JFETs can be tuned to flow through the source, by using either a <small>mosfet</small> driver with a large gate resistance or an <i>RC</i>-interface driver. These drivers turn <small>on</small> the fin channel during the device avalanche and obviate a large avalanche current into the gate driver. The carrier dynamics within the GaN JFET under the two avalanche paths have been unveiled by physics-based mixed-mode electrothermal simulations. The critical avalanche energy density in both paths was found to be comparable with the state-of-the-art SiC <small>mosfet</small>s. Additionally, the <i>RC</i>-interface driver was shown to outperform the <small>mosfet</small> driver for vertical GaN JFETs. The learning about normally <small>off</small> GaN JFETs was applied to a study of commercial normally <small>on</small> SiC JFETs. Two avalanche paths of a similar nature were observed with different gate drivers. This article provides new insights of the JFET avalanche and show the excellent robustness of the novel 1.2 kV vertical GaN JFET. |
9,616 | Please write an abstract with title: Wafer-applied underfill: flip-chip assembly and reliability, and key words: Assembly, Electronic packaging thermal management, Space technology, Surface-mount technology, Testing, Manufacturing, Consumer electronics, Thermal expansion, Production facilities, Sawing. Abstract: Manufacturers of consumer electronic products are continuously striving to confer greater functionality to smaller, lighter, and less expensive packages, and flip-chip is an important enabling technology for these product trends. Underfill between the die and an organic substrate is necessary to compensate for the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch. The underfill dispense and cure step is not a typical process for a surface-mount technology (SMT) factory, and demands additional capital equipment, floor space, cycle time, and headcount. An alternate approach to traditional capillary underfill is wafer-applied underfill. The underfill is applied after wafer bumping and sawing, but prior to the picking of the individual die from the saw tape. This paper describes the coating and assembly processes. Liquid-to-liquid thermal cycle shock tests (-55 to +125/spl deg/C) have been performed on test vehicles assembled with the wafer-applied underfill. First failures were at over 1000 cycles. Weibull plots of the data and failure analysis are presented. |
9,617 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-Robot Task Planning under Individual and Collaborative Temporal Logic Specifications, and key words: Analytical models, Robot kinematics, Collaboration, Planning, Servers, Task analysis, Robots. Abstract: This paper investigates the task coordination of multi-robot where each robot has a private individual temporal logic task specification; and also has to jointly satisfy a globally given collaborative temporal logic task specification. To efficiently generate feasible and optimized task execution plans for the robots, we propose a hierarchical multi-robot temporal task planning framework, in which a central server allocates the collaborative tasks to the robots, and then individual robots can independently synthesize their task execution plans in a decentralized manner. Furthermore, we propose an execution plan adjusting mechanism that allows the robots to iteratively modify their execution plans via privacy-preserved inter-agent communication, to improve the expected actual execution performance by reducing waiting time in collaborations for the robots. The correctness and efficiency of the proposed method are analyzed and also verified by extensive simulation experiments. |
9,618 | Please write an abstract with title: Knowledge-based controllers for blood glucose regulation in Type I diabetic patients by subcutaneous route, and key words: Blood, Sugar, Diabetes, Insulin, Medical control systems, Medical treatment, Control systems, Diseases, Intelligent control, Fuzzy logic. Abstract: This paper presents the design methodology for Mamdani-type fuzzy logic controllers to regulate the blood glucose level in a Type I diabetic patient. The overall control strategy is based on a two-loop feedback strategy. The inner-loop provides the amount of both rapid (Lispro) and slow (NPH) insulin types that the patient has to program in a three-shoots daily basis. The combined preparation is then injected to the patient through a subcutaneous route. Meanwhile, the outer-loop adjusts the maximum amounts of insulin provided to the patient. In this way, it is pursued to optimize the amount of insulin required to maintain a normal glucose level. Both controllers were synthesized gathering information about physician treatment of diabetic patients using fuzzy logic. |
9,619 | Please write an abstract with title: Wireless-Powered Secure Transmission with Full-Duplex Relay and Imperfect Eavesdropper CSI, and key words: Relays, Transmitting antennas, Power control, Receiving antennas, Energy harvesting, Law, Iterative methods. Abstract: This paper focuses on information security in an energy harvesting relay system, in which confidential signals are transmitted from a source node to its desired destination with the assistance of one full-duplex (FD) relay. To empower simultaneous wireless information and power transfer, the time-switching (TS) protocol is embraced and the energy-limited FD relay node is powered by energy signals emitted by the source node. With the obtained statistical eavesdropper channel state information (CSI), the ergodic secrecy rate and its approximate expression are derived. As the objective is maximizing the ergodic secrecy rate performance, source beamformers, TS coefficient and the power control factor at FD relay are jointly optimized. To tackle the framed non-convex problem, an alternative method is hence proposed, and closed-form solutions for beamformers, TS coefficient and power control factor are derived iteratively. Besides, the convergence of our proposed algorithm can be guaranteed and is also theoretically proved. Simulation results demonstrate that our iterative algorithm is effective and improves the system secrecy rate considerably. |
9,620 | Please write an abstract with title: Timely Status Update: Should ARQ be Used in Two-Hop Networks?, and key words: Measurement, Simulation, Wireless networks, Spread spectrum communication, Markov processes, Information age, Decoding. Abstract: This paper investigates the information freshness of two-hop networks. Age of information (AoI) is used as the metric to characterize the information freshness, defined as the time elapsed since the latest received status update was generated. In error-prone wireless networks, prior studies indicated that Automatic Repeat-reQuest (ARQ) does not help improve the average AoI performance of single-hop networks, because sending a new packet always carries the most up-to-date information (i.e., discarding the old packet). We believe that this observation does not apply to two-hop networks. For example, when a packet transmission fails in the second hop, although a new packet has more recent information, it may require more time to be delivered (i.e., the communication has to restart from the first hop), thus leading to a high AoI. This paper analyzes the theoretical average AoI of two-hop networks with and without ARQ. Specifically, we model the two schemes using Markov chains, from which we derive the average AoI. Our theoretical and simulation results confirm that, unlike single-hop networks, ARQ should be used in two-hop networks to achieve lower average AoI. In particular, when ARQ is used, the successful decoding probability of the second hop has a greater impact on the average AoI than that of the first hop. Overall, our findings provide insight into the ARQ design for two-hop timely status update systems. |
9,621 | Please write an abstract with title: Impacts of Grid Impedance on Power Quality of Converters in Distribution Networks, and key words: Analytical models, Filtering, Power quality, Mathematical analysis, Voltage, Distribution networks, Harmonic analysis. Abstract: Motor drive systems consist of a diode-rectifier and a rear-end inverter which are used in a wide-range of industrial applications. However, power quality and harmonics in distribution networks can affect these diode rectifier-based systems. Previously, the effects of amplitude and phase angle of background voltage harmonics in distribution networks and their impacts on current harmonics have been explored. However, the grid impedance effects on the voltage and current harmonics are not considered in the existing literature. Therefore, this paper investigates the impacts of grid impedance on the voltage and current harmonics and the behavior of the three-phase diode-rectifier. Moreover, the mathematical analysis as well as simulation test have been carried out to validate the effects of the grid impedance on the power converter harmonics. The results indicate that for small values of grid impedance, both voltage and current harmonics do not change significantly, and the filtering effect is not significant; however, when the grid impedance increases, both voltage and current harmonics of the grid will be affected based on the commutation effects. |
9,622 | Please write an abstract with title: Discrete W Transform Based Index-Keying <i>M</i>-Ary DCSK for Non-Coherent Chaotic Communications, and key words: Discrete wavelet transforms, Transforms, Peak to average power ratio, Indexes, Chaotic communication, Fading channels, Bit error rate. Abstract: In this letter, a non-coherent discrete W transform based index-keying M-ary differential chaos shift keying (DWT-IK-MDCSK) system is proposed to tackle the high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) in the code-shifted DCSK systems and meet the demand of high-data-rate transmissions. In such system, multiple chaotic signals and their Hilbert transforms are cooperated closely to convey the M-ary information-bearing signals, and the resultant signals are extended by the index-keying discrete W vectors prior to being added up and transmitted over the channel. Since the index keying technique is used to select the specific discrete W vectors, extra information bits are conveyed by the indices of these vectors, thereby improving the data rate. Then, the analytical bit error rate (BER) expressions of DWT-IK-MDCSK are derived over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multipath Rayleigh fading channels. Finally, simulation results show the DWT-IK-MDCSK system has a lower PAPR and better BER performance compared to its competitors. |
9,623 | Please write an abstract with title: Smart volume tuner for cellular phones, and key words: Tuners, Cellular phones, Background noise, Noise level, Fuzzy systems, Acoustic noise, Working environment noise, Low-frequency noise, Mobile handsets, Deafness. Abstract: This article proposes the use of a smart volume tuner (SVT) for 2G, 2.5G, and 3G cellular phones based on fuzzy logic for improving voice quality in the presence of background noise. The smart volume tuner makes use of the noise level class information generated by a system for fuzzy pattern classification of background noise. The SVT is personalized by using the audiogram to design the fuzzy rule base. The design and simulation of the SVT is discussed, along with implementation details. The FuzzyControl++ tool is used for the simulation of SVT. |
9,624 | Please write an abstract with title: Temporal gain variations in time-division multiplexed Raman pumping schemes, and key words: Stimulated emission, Pulse modulation, Optical pulses, Laser excitation, Power generation, Extinction ratio, Fiber lasers, Power lasers, Pump lasers, Quantum cascade lasers. Abstract: We implemented a single-wavelength, pulsed Raman pump with several Watts of output power, widely variable duty cycle and repetition rate, and 12 dB extinction ratio (maximum power/minimum power) using a cascaded Raman fiber lasers at 1465 nm that was modulated by a LiNbO/sub 3/ Mach-Zehnder modulator and passed through a dual stage, high-power cascaded Raman fiber amplifier (CRA). |
9,625 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of Combination Fractional Slot Number and Slotting Technique on the Cogging Torque in Permanent Magnet Machines, and key words: Magnetic flux, Forging, Stator cores, Torque, Magnetic cores, Permanent magnet generators, Rotors. Abstract: The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of the integration of both fractional slot number technique and the slotting by one step in the magnet edge on the cogging torque mitigation in a permanent magnet generator. The powerfulness of the method was approved using numerical analysis and analytically. To compare the performance result of the permanent magnet generator, three distinct structures of permanent magnet generators have been investigated and analyzed. In our study, the original structure of the permanent magnet machines has assumed as the base of permanent magnet generator performance. The magnet rotor was fully cover without any slotting, while the stator core is also without any slotting. Since the magnet was a full cover, the height of the magnet in all parts was the same. The magnet height in the edge is the same as the center of the magnet. At the beginning of the analysis, the structure of fractional slot numbers with 24 slots and 14 poles was selected. The result of both two cogging torque decrement techniques was investigated and the cogging torque subtraction result was contrasted with the initial cogging torque peak value. For the detailed examination of this study, it has been applied FEMM 4.2. It is obtained the cogging torque value of the proposed machine structure of 97.27 % contrasted with the original machine model. |
9,626 | Please write an abstract with title: A logical foundation for ontology representation in NKI, and key words: Ontologies, Databases, Laboratories, Intelligent structures, Information processing, Computer science, Information technology, Vocabulary, Logic. Abstract: A formal representation of ontologies is proposed, based on F-logic and O-logic; and the works in the building of ontologies in NKI. An ontology includes class frames, slot frames, class-slot frames, object frames and axioms. The value restrictions of slots are defined in slot frames. For each slot and each class, there is a class-slot frame representing the specific value restrictions of the slot when defining the class; and the relations between class-slot frames and slot frames are discussed. For a slot in a class frame, its values are inherited to its subclasses without blocking; and its default values are inherited to its subclasses taking overriding, revising and conflict resolution into account. After giving the formal representation of ontologies, the semantics of ontologies are discussed, and main results are presented. |
9,627 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Placement of Dc Bias Blocking Devices with Multiple Constraints Based on Quantum Genetic Algorithm, and key words: Automation, Handheld computers. Abstract: In order to maximize the utilization ratio of equipment, from the perspective of the effects of direct current on the AC system, combined with DC current distribution calculation and AC power flow calculation model, this article takes multiple constraints like bus voltage, generator power and transformer reactive power loss into consideration for modeling the layout optimization problem of the blocking devices, so as to minimize the number of blocking devices in the network. In this paper, the quantum genetic algorithm is used to solve optimal placement problem of the blocking devices, which is a large-scale 0-1 integer programming. With IEEE 118 nodes standard power system as an example, for the condition of different into-ground DC currents, solution for optimal placement of the blocking devices is calculated. When the into-ground current is 3000A, it's necessary to equip blocking device for 8 out of 154 sets of transformers. When the into-ground current rises to 9000A, 20 sets of transformers need to be equipped with blocking device. With the increase of the into-ground current, the increasing speed of the number of required blocking device increases gradually, while increasing speed of the total neutral point currents of the system gradually slows down. |
9,628 | Please write an abstract with title: A Literature Review of Machine Learning Techniques for Cybersecurity in Data Centers, and key words: Deep learning, Data centers, Current measurement, Bibliographies, Information and communication technology, Computer crime, Monitoring. Abstract: Currently, information and communication technologies (ICT) are an essential part of almost any business sector and, therefore, are the target of different cyberattacks. ICT security measures are necessary to protect information from unauthorized access. These measures include network monitoring, threat detection, and prevention. Machine learning is an important part of cybersecurity solutions that allows us to automatically analyze data patterns and learn from them to prevent similar attacks or to predict possible threats. This paper provides a literature review that summarizes different machine learning techniques and feature sets used in cybersecurity for an ICT system security analysis. |
9,629 | Please write an abstract with title: Jamming-Resilient Synchronization of Networked Lagrangian Systems With Quantized Sampling Data, and key words: Jamming, Synchronization, Informatics, Heuristic algorithms, Delays, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Frequency synchronization. Abstract: A wide range of cyber–physical systems can be modeled as Euler–Lagrange dynamics, whose inherent nonlinearities bring additional difficulties in the design and analysis of controllers for such systems. The objective of this article is to solve the jamming-resilient synchronization control problem of networked Lagrangian systems subject to unknown external disturbances, with the quantized sampling data. Under a jamming attack, a normal communication channel will be blocked with unknown frequencies and intervals. To achieve jamming attack resilience, a robust adaptive controller is proposed. Then a novel auxiliary system is designed for each subsystem over a directed network. By using the quantized sampling data from each subsystem and its neighbors, the jamming attack can be handled by an embedded single-integral subsystem. Sufficient conditions that are independent of the attack parameters are derived to guarantee the global stability of the closed-loop system. Compared with existing jamming-resilient methods, the proposed approach is concise and resilient to any jamming attacks with bounded frequencies and durations. |
9,630 | Please write an abstract with title: Cost-Driven Screening of Network Constraints for the Unit Commitment Problem, and key words: Costs, Power transmission lines, Machine learning, Technological innovation, Schedules, Production, Optimization. Abstract: In an attempt to speed up the solution of the unit commitment (UC) problem, both machine-learning and optimization-based methods have been proposed to lighten the full UC formulation by removing as many superfluous line-flow constraints as possible. While the elimination strategies based on machine learning are fast and typically delete more constraints, they may be over-optimistic and result in infeasible UC solutions. For their part, optimization-based methods seek to identify redundant constraints in the full UC formulation by exploring the feasibility region of an LP-relaxation. In doing so, these methods only get rid of line-flow constraints whose removal leaves the feasibility region of the original UC problem unchanged. In this paper, we propose a procedure to substantially increase the line-flow constraints that are filtered out by optimization-based methods without jeopardizing their appealing ability of preserving feasibility. Our approach is based on tightening the LP-relaxation that the optimization-based method uses with a valid inequality related to the objective function of the UC problem and hence, of an economic nature. The result is that the so strengthened optimization-based method identifies not only redundant line-flow constraints but also inactive ones, thus leading to more reduced UC formulations. |
9,631 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal time-varying Kalman filter for descriptor system with random one-step measurement delay, and key words: Kalman filters, Delays, Noise measurement, White noise, Time-varying systems, Stochastic processes, Singular value decomposition. Abstract: For the linear stochastic descriptor system with random one-step measurement delays, the optimal time-varying Kalman filtering is presented. The singular value decomposition (SVD) method, the derandomization approach and the augmented state approach are presented, which are applied to transform the descriptor system with random one-step measurement delay to the standard non-descriptor system with fictitious white noises. Applying the Kalman filtering and the relation of the new and original systems, the corresponding Kalman filter and filtering error variances are presented. A simulation example about circuits system verifies the correctness of the proposed results. |
9,632 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and Design of EIT-Like Magnetic Coupling Wireless Power Transfer Systems, and key words: Power generation, Relays, Coils, Couplings, Mathematical model, Capacitors, Receivers. Abstract: In order to improve the effective transfer range and then enhance the interoperability of magnetic coupling wireless power transfer (MC-WPT) systems, an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like MC-WPT system is proposed in this paper, which can maintain a reasonable level of power and efficiency over a wide range of transfer distance. Firstly, the circuit model of the tri-coil MC-WPT system is presented along with several key concepts, including EIT mechanism and eigen parameters. Then the energy efficiency characteristic of the system in eigen state is investigated, based on which the energy efficiency improvement principle and corresponding parameter design condition of the EIT-like mechanism are derived. Finally, practical systems are designed, simulated and measured to show the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method. The simulation and experimental results show that, with the proposed method, the effective transfer range that takes into account both output power and transfer efficiency is greatly improved. The method is particularly suitable for the design of electric vehicle charging piles, based on which the effective charging of vehicles with different chassis heights on a charging pile can be achieved. |
9,633 | Please write an abstract with title: Target Region Segmentation in SAR Vehicle Chip Image With ACM Net, and key words: Image segmentation, Synthetic aperture radar, Training, Head, Data models, Semantics, Semiconductor device measurement. Abstract: Target region segmentation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is one of the challenging problems in SAR image interpretation. The existing conventional segmentation methods rely on parameter selection in different backgrounds. Compared with traditional methods, the deep-learning-based methods can reduce the dependency on parameters and achieve more accurate results. However, lacking annotation data limits the application of the deep-learning-based methods in SAR chip image segmentation aspect. To solve these problems, a refined network structure for SAR vehicle image semantic segmentation, namely, All-Convolutional networks (A-ConvNets)-based Mask (ACM) net, is proposed. The mask in the training dataset of the network is extracted from image reconstruction using the Attribute Scattering Center (ASC) model, which can solve the problem of the lack of manual annotation in the segmentation methods based on deep learning. The proposed ACM Net consists of a modified A-ConvNets-based backbone and two decoupled head branches which achieve target segmentation and label prediction results, respectively. Experiments on moving and stationary target acquisition and recognition (MSTAR) dataset show that the comprehensive segmentation performance of ACM Net is better than both traditional segmentation methods and deep-learning-based segmentation methods. The classification results outperform other instance or semantic segmentation methods with the state-of-the-art recognition accuracy. |
9,634 | Please write an abstract with title: Speech enhancement based on approximate message passing, and key words: Speech enhancement, Matching pursuit algorithms, Discrete cosine transforms, Signal processing algorithms, Approximation algorithms, Message passing, Sparse matrices. Abstract: To overcome the limitations of conventional speech enhancement methods, such as inaccurate voice activity detector (VAD) and noise estimation, a novel speech enhancement algorithm based on the approximate message passing (AMP) is adopted. AMP exploits the difference between speech and noise sparsity to remove or mute the noise from the corrupted speech. The AMP algorithm is adopted to reconstruct the clean speech efficiently for speech enhancement. More specifically, the prior probability distribution of speech sparsity coefficient is characterized by Gaussian-model, and the hyper-parameters of the prior model are excellently learned by expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. We utilize the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) algorithm to learn the sparsity with the fact that the speech coefficients between adjacent frames are correlated. In addition, computational simulations are used to validate the proposed algorithm, which achieves better speech enhancement performance than other four baseline methods-Wiener filtering, subspace pursuit (SP), distributed sparsity adaptive matching pursuit (DSAMP), and expectation-maximization Gaussian-model approximate message passing (EM-GAMP) under different compression ratios and a wide range of signal to noise ratios (SNRs). |
9,635 | Please write an abstract with title: Online Passive-Aggressive Active Learning for Trapezoidal Data Streams, and key words: Task analysis, Prediction algorithms, Predictive models, Fans, Vocabulary, Training, Software. Abstract: The idea of combining the active query strategy and the passive-aggressive (PA) update strategy in online learning can be credited to the PA active (PAA) algorithm, which has proven to be effective in learning linear classifiers from datasets with a fixed feature space. We propose a novel family of online active learning algorithms, named PAA learning for trapezoidal data streams (PAATS) and multiclass PAATS (MPAATS) (and their variants), for binary and multiclass online classification tasks on trapezoidal data streams where the feature space may expand over time. Under the context of an ever-changing feature space, we provide the theoretical analysis of the mistake bounds for both PAATS and MPAATS. Our experiments on a wide variety of benchmark datasets have confirm that the combination of the instance-regulated active query strategy and the PA update strategy is much more effective in learning from trapezoidal data streams. We have also compared PAATS with online learning with streaming features (OLSF)—the state-of-the-art approach in learning linear classifiers from trapezoidal data streams. PAATS could achieve much better classification accuracy, especially for large-scale real-world data streams. |
9,636 | Please write an abstract with title: Water States Analysis of Anion Exchange Membranes with Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy, and key words: Spectroscopy, Correlation, Fuel cells, Conductivity measurement, Conductivity, Stability analysis, Time-domain analysis. Abstract: Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) has been recently demonstrated to resolve water states inside industrially thin fuel cell membranes. In this work, we apply THz-TDS to anion exchange membranes (AEMs) where detailed water information is crucial to their stability and operational performance. By performing independent ionic conductivity measurement on said membranes, we show a good correlation against the extracted conductivities and resolved bulk water of three AEMs produced with different amination time. |
9,637 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy-based local forward and inverse kinematics methods for tensegrity robots, and key words: Planing, Kinematics, Trajectory, Quadratic programming, Robots, Optimization, Standards. Abstract: This paper describes an energy-based forward kinematics method for tensegrity robotics structures. The method can be implemented as a nonlinear optimization procedure and solved with standard optimization algorithms. Based on this result, the paper proposes a local linearization-based approach to inverse kinematics for tensegrity robots, for which a gradient descent-like algorithms is formulated. A preliminary study of the algorithm numerical behavior is given, and examples of the use cases for both forward and inverse kinematics methods are provided. It is shown that the method allows planing trajectories in the Cartesian space for the end effector and discover the desired law of change of the rest lengths of the actuated elastic elements. |
9,638 | Please write an abstract with title: Research and design of a wearable robot for wrist rehabilitation, and key words: Wrist, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Wearable robots, Position measurement, Robot sensing systems, Pressure measurement. Abstract: The article presents a 3D model of a robot designed for hand rehabilitation. The described robot is specially designed to move the wrist. The mechanical construction of the robot, the hardware system, the control algorithm and the web interface for remote control via Wi-Fi are presented. The robot is powered by a servo motor, the control is performed by esp32 microcontroller. The control includes a sensor for measuring the position of the robot's joint and a sensor for measuring the pressure that the robot applies to the human wrist. |
9,639 | Please write an abstract with title: Sallfus, library for satellite images fusion on homogeneous and heterogeneous computing architectures, and key words: Principal component analysis, Wavelet transforms, Graphics processing units, Libraries, Satellites, Image fusion, Computer architecture. Abstract: Fusion of satellite images consists of improving the quality of a multispectral image by combining data from a high spatial resolution panchromatic image with a high spectral resolution multispectral image. To carry out this, different techniques are available, which perform various operations at the pixel level, which leads to generating a dependency between the computational requirement and the image size. Currently, there are some libraries that implement these fusion methods, however, none of them allow this fusion process to be carried out on heterogeneous architectures, which enable the integration of acceleration platforms that reduce execution time through massive parallelization. For this reason, this document presents a library called Sallfus, which allows executing and evaluating the quality and performance of image fusion methods such as the Brovey transform, Multiplicative method, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Wavelet A trous, on homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures. Likewise, an evaluation of the library is made from an analysis of execution times and image quality using mathematical-statistical indices such as the correlation coefficient (CC), BIAS coefficient and Root of the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The results of the library evaluation showed that the merging process with images of 8192 pixels, presents a speed-up of approximately 591x for Brovey, 309x for Multiplicative, 18x for PCA and 6x for A trous. Additionally, it was observed that the methods that presented the best performance both computationally and in the quality of the merged image were Brovey and Wavelet A trous. Availability and implementation: https://github.com/Parall-UD/sallfus. |
9,640 | Please write an abstract with title: Software Refactoring Scheme Based on NSGA-II Algorithm, and key words: Software algorithms, Decision making, Software quality, Software systems, Software, Robustness, Software measurement. Abstract: As an important software maintenance measure, the key of software refactoring is to improve the unreasonable part of code module, namely code smell. There are many refactoring points with different priorities and severity in the reconstruction activities of large-scale software system. How to determine a suitable reconstruction scheme is an important problem to be solved. In view of the above problems, a multi-objective software reconstruction scheme model is established, which aims at eliminating the number of code smell, the severity of code smell and its importance. Meanwhile, the number of reading code and the difficulty degree are used as the auxiliary decision indicators. NSGA-II algorithm is used to solve the optimal solution set, and the software system JHotDraw is used to verify. Two kinds of scheme sets with higher robustness are obtained considering the fluctuation of severity and importance. Two trade-offs are obtained from the two schemes set. Then, the reconstruction activities are sorted according to the reconstruction cost, which can further improve the purpose, robustness and effectiveness of the code reconstruction activities. |
9,641 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving the robustness of DCT-based image watermarking against JPEG compression, and key words: Robustness, Watermarking, Transform coding, Image coding, Quantization, Discrete cosine transforms, Copyright protection, Internet, Councils, Image reconstruction. Abstract: A watermarking technique for copyright protection is introduced. It achieves a good improvement in the robustness of protected images, especially against attacks using JPEG compression. Simulation results demonstrate that the embedded watermarks can be almost fully extracted from images compressed with very high compression ratio. |
9,642 | Please write an abstract with title: A new License Plate Detection and Recognition Model Based on Attention Method, and key words: Heating systems, Degradation, Deep learning, Text recognition, Licenses, Feature extraction, Distortion. Abstract: Auto License Plate Detection and Recognition (ALPDR) is required in many applications for intelligent systems and vehicle registration control. Even though this field has recently demonstrated high performance following rapid advances in Deep Learning (DL) based technologies, there are still two problems that most related works have not yet solved. One is layout-dependent and the other is the problem of recognition accuracy degradation due to unconstrained environment conditions. In this paper, we present a more accurate, flexible and layout-independent method to improve LP detection and recognition accuracy under various conditions. For this, we designed a new framework with lightweight and efficient anchor-free detection networks, employing the idea of CenterNet and attention-based recognition networks suitable for LPR tasks. Various experiments were performed to verify the performance of the proposed method, using famous LP benchmark datasets such as CCPD. The proposed method outperformed the conventional LP detection and recognition methods. |
9,643 | Please write an abstract with title: Quantification Method for Inertia Heterogeneity of Power System Considering Node Coupling, and key words: Couplings, Renewable energy sources, Graphical models, Generators, Frequency response, Power systems, Safety. Abstract: Usually, the equivalent inertia constant is used to characterize the inertia level of the power system. However, as thermal power units with high inertia are replaced by renewable energy units with low inertia, the overall inertia level of power system gradually decreases. In addition, due to the cluster distribution of renewable energy units, inertia has obvious uneven distribution in space. Such centralized parameters as the system equivalent inertia constant cannot highlight the low inertia characteristics of the local area, which will bring security risks to power system. To this end, a method to quantify the spatial distribution of power system inertia considering nodal coupling is proposed. The nodal inertia is defined and calculated according to the frequency coupling between nodes based on the equivalent inertia of power system as the reference value. Finally, the proposed method is analyzed in the IEEE 10 machine 39 node system for arithmetic examples. |
9,644 | Please write an abstract with title: ABEP of SSK with SWIPT at Relay and Generalised Selection Combining at the Destination over Rayleigh Fading, and key words: SWIPT, SSK Modulation, ABEP, Rayleigh fading, Relay selection, Selection combining. Abstract: A cooperative communication system with space shift keying (SSK) modulation and simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) scheme is analyzed over Rayleigh fading channel. SSK is a simple modulation technique that enhances data rate, minimize inter-channel interference, inter-antenna synchronization, and number of radio frequency chains whereas SWIPT extends battery life at the relays. Average bit error probability (ABEP) using partial relay selection and generalised selection combining (GSC) schemes at the receiver are investigated for Rayleigh fading channels. ABEP expression is derived with single amplify and forward (AF) relay selection, from multiple relays, and using selection combining of signals from multiple antennas. Numerical and computer simulation results are presented with the discussion. |
9,645 | Please write an abstract with title: Summary and Next Steps, and key words: Software, Automotive engineering, Codes, Testing, Organizations, Industries, Software reliability. Abstract: This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the concepts covered in the preceding chapters of this book. The book presents a number of topics related to building secure cars, focusing especially on helping automotive organizations with assuring the software development lifecycle. It provides an overview of the current state of cybersecurity in the automotive industry. The book then introduces the reader to a number of relevant cybersecurity activities during the development lifecycle of automotive systems mapped to the V‐model development process. It focuses on fuzz testing since it is an efficient and powerful approach to finding unknown vulnerabilities. Solutions for automating file fuzzing over USB for automotive systems are discussed. While there are many other cybersecurity‐related activities that automotive organizations need to consider and apply, the book focuses on solutions for the software development lifecycle and, further narrowing down, on solutions based on automated tools. |
9,646 | Please write an abstract with title: Commissioning of UHV SCSR Control Strategy, and key words: Shunts (electrical), Reactive power, Debugging, Wind power generation, Power system stability, Inductors. Abstract: The 1000kV line stepped controllable shunt reactor was the first application of the UHV project, installed on the Zhangjiakou side of the Jiading line I of the Zhangbei-Xiongan project. The control strategy of SCSR was divided into three layers, namely the inner layer, the outer layer and the outermost layer. It was a difficult problem to implement the strategy in the system debugging to verify whether the controllable high-resistance can act accurately under this strategy. This paper expounds the principle of the three-layer control strategy of SCSR, performs calculations under system debugging conditions, and obtains the verification method during system commissioning, and the debugging is successfully carried out. This article finally got that the verification method described can verify the three-layer control strategy, and the controllable high-resistance action is correct. The commission provides a guarantee for the safe operation of the project. |
9,647 | Please write an abstract with title: Community Market Based Energy Trading Among Interconnected Microgrids With Adjustable Power, and key words: Games, Optimization, Microgrids, Indexes, Costs, Privacy, Pricing. Abstract: Interconnected microgrids (MGs) system is regarded as one of the future power system configurations, where individual MGs can support each other through interchanging energy. This paper presents a community market structure to manage the energy trading among MGs and also with the main grid. In local layer, individual MGs would operate and bid as autonomous entities; in market layer, an independent third party would coordinate the energy transaction among different MGs by mimicking the role of auctioneer. To cost-effectively utilize the controllable units in MGs, the concept of adjustable power is discussed. Apart from the surplus or deficit energy, adjustable power is also incorporated in the individual MGs’ bidding strategies. The local trading prices are determined via the market clearing. We analyze the economic benefits of such an energy trading mechanism and also the value of adjustable power. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework for the energy trading among multiple MGs system. |
9,648 | Please write an abstract with title: eBizSearch: an OAI-compliant digital library for ebusiness, and key words: Software libraries, Search engines, Business, Computer science, Navigation, Machine assisted indexing, National electric code, Machine learning algorithms, Customer relationship management, Catalogs. Abstract: Niche search engines offer an efficient alternative to traditional search engines when the results returned by general-purpose search engines do not provide a sufficient degree of relevance and when nontraditional search features are required. Niche search engines can take advantage of their domain of concentration to achieve higher relevance and offer enhanced features. We discuss a new digital library niche search engine, eBizSearch, dedicated to e-business and e-business documents. The ground technology for eBizSearch is CiteSeer, a special-purpose automatic indexing document digital library and search engine developed at NEC Research Institute. We present the integration of CiteSeer in the framework of eBizSearch and the process necessary to tune the whole system towards the specific area of e-business. We show how using machine learning algorithms we generate metadata to make eBizSearch Open Archives compliant. |
9,649 | Please write an abstract with title: Longitudinal mode spectrum of semiconductor lasers under high-speed modulation, and key words: Laser modes, Semiconductor lasers, Laser theory, Laser mode locking, Masers, Power lasers, Laser excitation, Optical pulses, Optical modulation, Optical pumping. Abstract: Experimental observations of the lasing spectrum of a single-mode semiconductor laser under continuous microwave modulation reveal that the lasing spectrum is apparently locked to a single-longitudinal mode for optical modulation depths up to ∼ 80 percent, beyond which the lasing spectrum breaks into multimode oscillation. The width of the envelope of the multimode spectrum increases very rapidly with further increase in modulation depth. These results are satisfactorily explained by a theoretical treatment which gives simple analytic results for the time evolution of the individual longitudinal modes. It also yields considerable insight into spectral dynamics, and enables one to predict the dynamic lasing spectrum of a laser from its CW lasing spectra at various output powers. The results can also be used to predict the amount of spectral envelope broadening under single or pseudo-random pulse modulation. |
9,650 | Please write an abstract with title: A 1.3-Mbit Annealing System Composed of Fully-Synchronized 9-board x 9-chip x 16-kbit Annealing Processor Chips for Large-Scale Combinatorial Optimization Problems, and key words: Annealing, NP-hard problem, Stationary state, Noise reduction, Process control, Simulated annealing, Routing. Abstract: Combinatorial optimization problems, which are categorized into NP-hard problems, are emerging in ever-growing social systems, such as logistics, traffic, and so on. A new computer architecture, called an annealing processor (AP) [1–4], has advanced to solve such difficult problems efficiently as an accelerator in the computing systems. A specific type of AP discovers the ground state (optimal combination of variables, spins) of an Ising model in a short time by highly parallelizing the spin state update process based on simulated annealing (SA) [2–4]. We have built boards with nine AP chips connected to each other [5]. To lunch the annealing systems for real usage, it is necessary to provide a larger-scale annealing system. We built a multiple-board annealing system (AS) with a simple multi-board control beyond the multi-chip AS for the increasing amount of data in the real-world optimization problems. In order to realize such system, it is necessary to adopt a method in which the host board connected to the PC controls the other slave boards, rather than controlling each board individually. Our CMOS-AS consists of three technologies: (i) a routing table to control communication between boards, (ii) a technology to synchronize the annealing process on each chip, and (iii) a compression technology for efficient propagation of spin information in inter-board communication where data transmission amount is limited. The CMOS-AS demonstrated noise reduction as an example of combinatorial optimization problems and multi-board operation of the 9x9x16k spin system with an annealing speed at least three orders of magnitude faster and higher accuracy than running the SG3 and SA on a CPU, conventional technologies to solve optimization problems. |
9,651 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Driver Head Pose Estimation in Naturalistic Conditions from Point-Cloud Data, and key words: Cameras, Three-dimensional displays, Magnetic heads, Pose estimation, Faces, Vehicles, Feature extraction. Abstract: Head pose estimation has been a key task in computer vision since a broad range of applications often requires accurate information about the orientation of the head. Achieving this goal with regular RGB cameras faces challenges in automotive applications due to occlusions, extreme head poses and sudden changes in illumination. Most of these challenges can be attenuated with algorithms relying on depth cameras. This paper proposes a novel point-cloud based deep learning approach to estimate the driver's head pose from depth camera data, addressing these challenges. The proposed algorithm is inspired by the PointNet++ framework, where points are sampled and grouped before extracting discriminative features. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm by evaluating our approach on a naturalistic driving database consisting of 22 drivers, where the benchmark for the orientation of the driver's head is obtained with the Fi-Cap device. The experimental evaluation demonstrates that our proposed approach relying on point-cloud data achieves predictions that are almost always more reliable than state-of-the-art head pose estimation methods based on regular cameras. Furthermore, our approach provides predictions even for extreme rotations, which is not the case for the baseline methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to propose head pose estimation using deep learning on point-cloud data. |
9,652 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Equivalency Restoration after Software Patching, and key words: Codes, Software algorithms, Programming, Software. Abstract: Inserting of the protection system against exploits code in a situation where the source code is unavailable requires restoring the correctness of the program after modification. The proposed methodology makes it possible to formulate a criterion for the equivalence of programs and implement an algorithm for program transforming while preserving the logic of its operation. The experimental results confirm the correctness of the proposed solutions. |
9,653 | Please write an abstract with title: An Analysis of Sequential Pattern Mining Approach for Progressive Database by Deep Learning Technique, and key words: Deep learning, Wavelet transforms, Machine learning algorithms, Databases, Time series analysis, Finance, Wavelet analysis. Abstract: In the disciplines of enterprise, electronic commerce, bioinformatics, and other related subjects, sequential form mining is one of the most broadly utilized approaches. Traditional techniques are unable to accurately mine massive amounts of data due to their inherent limitations. Thus, the suggested study makes use of Deep Structured Learning-based Sequent form mining to reduce the complexity associated with dealing with large amounts of data. Data in application sectors like banking and e-commerce are prone to dynamic changes, increasing non-stationarity. To convert the data to a stochastic/time series format, employing wavelet analysis has been suggested. A modified Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) was also built to increase mining precision. By removing old data from a progressive database, the recommended technique extracts the sequential pattern. To demonstrate the robustness of the suggested work, the execution time of the proposed work is compared to that of traditional algorithms. |
9,654 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal design of a soft-switched DC-DC converter for a prototype DC distribution system, and key words: DC-DC power converters, Prototypes, Power systems, Circuit topology, Power system control, Control systems, Controllability, Resonance, Design optimization, System testing. Abstract: With goals of increased littoral operation and reduced manning, future U.S. Naval surface combatants must employ new technologies and architectures that better enable the vessel to sustain battle damage and continue to fight effectively. Since the power system is integral to shipboard combat system and damage control operation, the U.S. Navy is investigating power electronics-based distribution topologies that enhance survivability by promoting controllability and system reconfiguration. Constrained by multimegawatt power requirements and limited space, such architectures require unique multifunctional, high-efficiency, power dense converters. One approach to maximizing power density is to adopt soft-switching or resonant converter topologies. In this paper, the authors report on efforts to design, optimize, and validate the performance of a selected 8 kW soft-switching DC-DC converter. The converter specifications were selected to enable inclusion in a reduced-scale power system test platform. |
9,655 | Please write an abstract with title: A rate control algorithm using human visual system for video conferencing systems, and key words: Control systems, Humans, Visual system, Bandwidth, Signal processing algorithms, Videoconference, Bit rate, Delay effects, Visual communication, Video compression. Abstract: A novel rate control algorithm is proposed for block-based video coding. It is found that existing rate-control algorithms may not achieve a good balance between spatial and temporal quality automatically and may not be suitable for bandwidth fluctuating situations. To solve this problem, we have proposed an algorithm that takes into account of the human visual system (HVS). The algorithm is able to adjust the operating point of the encoder automatically according to the motion of the sequence. Simulation results have demonstrated that it can achieve a better balance between the spatial quality and temporal quality even at a bandwidth variation situation such as the Internet. |
9,656 | Please write an abstract with title: Off-Grid Sparse Spectrum Fitting for DOA Estimation with Unknown Mutual Coupling, and key words: Estimation error, Direction-of-arrival estimation, Symmetric matrices, Simulation, Fitting, Signal processing algorithms, Information and communication technology. Abstract: In this paper, an algorithm based on sparse spectrum fitting is proposed to solve the problem of DOA off-grid estimation under the condition of unknown mutual coupling. In the proposed method, the influence of mutual coupling is firstly eliminated by constructing a selection matrix by exploiting the banded complex symmetric Toeplitz structure of the mutual coupling matrix. Then, in the process of sparse recovery based on signal covariance, additional variables are employed to describe the modeling error caused by off-grid DOA. Finally, the constraints of sparse recovery are optimized by the improved covariance estimation error and chi-square distribution. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by comparing the performance of the proposed algorithm with several existing DOA estimation methods and Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) through simulation experiments. |
9,657 | Please write an abstract with title: Fault Analysis and Calculation of Aero-engine Main Shaft Bearing Slipping Based on BSS, and key words: Vibrations, Shafts, Vibration measurement, Reliability theory, Blind source separation, Sensor systems, Sensors. Abstract: During the operation of an aero-engine, bearing skidding often occurs, causing varying degrees of damage to the rolling elements and raceways, affecting the life of the bearing, and severely restricting the reliability of the engine. In the actual engine operation process, due to the complexity of the system, it is difficult to directly install various sensors on the bearing to measure the speed, vibrating and other signals of the main shaft bearings. At the same time, there are situations where signals are mixed. For this reason, the BSS theory is used to separate the bearing vibration signal, and the cage slipping rate is obtained based on the relationship between the cage slipping and the fault characteristic frequency. |
9,658 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of A Shape Memory Alloy Actuator for Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery, and key words: Shape memory alloys, Actuators, Microsurgery, Surgery, Springs, Coils, Mechatronics, Resistance heating, Steel, Temperature distribution. Abstract: This paper describes problems in traditional transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM), and proposes a mechatronics approach in new design. As one of several actuation mechanisms to expose rectal cavity, a compression coil spring made of shape memory alloy (SMA) has been studied. A custom SMA spring actuator was designed to displace 12 mm with 45 N driving force. This actuator was embedded with our new TEM tubular structure and can be used to expose a rectal site up to 60 mm wide and 80 mm long. This exposure is considered to be sufficient for treating many tumors |
9,659 | Please write an abstract with title: Iterative Sustainability Impact Assessment: When to propose?, and key words: Law, Conferences, Buildings, Market research, Software, Regulation, Timing. Abstract: In this paper, we propose when and how to perform sustainability assessment during software product and service inception, development, and evolution. We explain the challenge of right timings for sustainability assessments, how they are often delayed due to missing focus on values during the early development phases. We refer to a current solution, called SusAF, and discuss some of its challenges. We wrap up by advocating for a legal regulation supporting the actual implementation of sustainability assessments alike with how they are required in civil engineering. |
9,660 | Please write an abstract with title: 0.3 W cw red microchip VECSEL, and key words: Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Optical pumping, Laser excitation, Surface waves, Optical surface waves, Microchip lasers, Power lasers, Pump lasers, Surface emitting lasers, Microcavities. Abstract: A GaInP/AlGaInP vertical external cavity surface-emitting laser with an optically-contacted, single-crystal diamond microcavity was optically pumped to achieve 0.3 W continuous wave output power at 676 nm, in a circularly-symmetric beam with M/sup 2/ less than 2. |
9,661 | Please write an abstract with title: A Framework and Indicators for Information Literacy of Vocational School Students, and key words: Technological innovation, Education, Explosions, Reliability, Information technology, Standards. Abstract: Due to the rapid development of information technology, the information explosion, information overload, and drastic changes in the social work system have put forward realistic demands on the information literacy of vocational school students. When cultivating students' information literacy, vocational schools need to refer to specific information literacy evaluation standards and indicators. However, the existing research on student information literacy evaluation rarely focused on vocational education, which cannot reflect the professional characteristics of vocational education. In this research, we propose an evaluation framework and indicators based on the analysis of literature and the practical experience of vocational school experts, which was comprehensive and clear in content and had been generally recognized by research experts. Furthermore, the student self-reporting scale generated by the evaluation indicators framework was used to conduct student tests in secondary and higher vocational schools in Shandong and Guangdong in China. The results showed that the scale was well structured, its reliability and validity reached the standard, and the question items under each indicator were consistent with the corresponding indicator relationship. On this basis, the application of the indicator framework can be further explored in the future. |
9,662 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of a hard strip-loaded conical horn by the method of generalized scattering matrices, and key words: Scattering, Horn antennas, Transmission line matrix methods, Antenna feeds, Aperture antennas, Dielectrics, Receiving antennas, Reflector antennas, Transmitting antennas, Antenna theory. Abstract: A hard-walled conical horn fed in the TE/sub 11/-mode from a regular circular waveguide is analyzed. The hard wall is formed by a dielectric layer with cylindrical inner surface loaded with longitudinal conducting strips. The analysis is carried out by using a stepwise representation of the horn with subsequent application of the method of generalized scattering matrices in combination with the method of factorization. The approach used refines values of the limiting aperture efficiency by 5 to 15% for diameters up to 3.2 wavelength in comparison with the underrated data based on the Kirchhoff method, and reveals the effect of the sharp worsening of the hard horn performance at some values of the horn length caused by resonances of the strip-line mode excited in the loaded section. Beyond the resonance points, the aperture efficiency remains relatively high (from 80 to 85%), and the crosspolar level is a few decibels lower than that of a standard smooth-walled horn. |
9,663 | Please write an abstract with title: Retinal Width Estimation of High-Resolution Fundus Images For Diabetic Retinopathy Detection, and key words: Image segmentation, Retinopathy, Databases, Veins, Estimation, Retinal vessels, Diabetes. Abstract: Studies have shown some correlations between retinal vessel morphologies and multiple systemic diseases. While this could pave the way to timely diagnosis of such diseases by examining vessels from fundus images, practical application of measuring and quantifying changes in vessel width over time remains a challenge. In this study, we propose a semi-automated estimation method to efficiently summarize vessel width characteristics from fundus images. The method consists of retinal vessel segmentation, optic disc (OD) localization and vessel width parameters estimation. The proposed method is validated using a public database of high-resolution fundus images called HRF, where the significance of obtained vessel width parameters in differentiating the three image groups in the database are analysed. Results indicate that the obtained parameter using the method that summarises the ratio between width of veins to arteries, AVR (Artery-Vein Ratio) can be used to differentiate images from patients with Diabetic Retinopathy against healthy and glaucomatous patients. |
9,664 | Please write an abstract with title: The Variational Kernel-Based 1-D Convolutional Neural Network for Machinery Fault Diagnosis, and key words: Convolutional neural networks, Kernel, Feature extraction, Fault diagnosis, Frequency modulation, Resonant frequency, Gabor filters. Abstract: One-dimensional convolutional neural network (1-D CNN) can be directly applied to process temporal signals in the machinery fault diagnosis. However, it requires a large amount of data to train high-quality kernels and extract meaningful features. This article develops a novel method integrating learnable variational kernels into a 1-D CNN to pay more attention to extracting important fault-related data features and offer decent performance with even limited data. In the proposed method, the variational kernel is first derived by adapting constraints and formulations of the successive variational mode decomposition (SVMD). Next, a gradient descent process based on a fault classification loss is developed to estimate the parameter of the variational kernel. Lastly, a CNN-based diagnosis model is constructed to perform machinery fault diagnoses. The proposed model is benchmarked with two standard 1-D CNNs and four wavelet kernel-based 1-D CNNs. Datasets collected from train bearing and gearbox test rigs are used for validations. Results show that the proposed model identifies important fault-related features and performs better in machinery fault diagnoses with limited training data. |
9,665 | Please write an abstract with title: A technique for an array to generate circular polarization with linearly polarized elements, and key words: Polarization, Phased arrays, Microstrip antennas, Radio frequency, Feeds, Bandwidth, Degradation, Microstrip antenna arrays, Mutual coupling, Adaptive arrays. Abstract: A method is presented for generating circularly polarized radiation from an array composed of linearly polarized elements having unique angular and phase arrangements. With this technique the complexity, weight, and RF loss of the array feed can be significantly reduced, especially in a large array. This uniquely formed array has the capability of generating excellent circular polarization (CP) over a relatively wide frequency bandwidth. In addition, the array is capable of scanning its main beam in the principal planes to relatively wide angles from its broadside direction without serious degradation to its CP quality. Another feature of this uniquely arranged array is a reduction in the occurrence of mutual coupling. The discussion in this paper places special emphasis on the microstrip type of radiator, although the technique presented can be adapted to most types of linearly polarized antenna elements. |
9,666 | Please write an abstract with title: Patterns of online repeat victimisation and implications for crime prevention, and key words: Couplings, Shape, Law enforcement, Shape measurement, Force, Area measurement, Data collection. Abstract: This paper explores the characteristics of repeat victimisation (RV) in relation to fraud and computer misuse (F&CM) crimes recorded in Wales, United Kingdom (UK). The wider study included mixed-methods analysis of a sample of cases (n = 10,001) reported by individuals in Wales, over a period of two years (ending in September 2016). In this paper, key results from the quantitative part of this study concerning RV are presented. This paper contributes to an empirically grounded understanding RV with respect to F&CM and its insights are of direct relevance to theoretical understandings of victimisation and the formulation of interventions within the ‘Protect’ strand of policing in the UK. It suggests that older age is associated with RV for these crime types, that a repeat report is likely to be of the same general type as the crime which preceded it and that interventions to protect individuals from being re-victimised are best targeted within two weeks to one month of the first report. The paper also highlights the extent to which RV analysis is constrained by the rules which shape crime recording and identifies avenues for improvement of data collection and further research. Furthermore, it suggests the need to develop a framework of F&CM vulnerability which goes beyond risk of re-victimisation and better accounts for and enables a response to victims’ wider support needs. |
9,667 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning Approach for Credit Card Fraud Detection, and key words: Deep learning, Analytical models, Convolution, Neural networks, Predictive models, Credit cards, Data models. Abstract: As technology evolves rapidly, the world is using credit cards instead of cash in its everyday lives, opening up a new way for fraudulent people to abuse them. Credit card fraud losses reached approximately $28.65 billion in 2019, according to Nilsson’s report, and global card fraud is expected to reach around $32.96 billion by 2023. Providers should therefore develop an efficient model to detect and prevent fraud early. In this paper, we used deep learning techniques as an effective way to detect fraudsters in credit card transactions. Therefore, we present a model for predicting legitimate transactions or fraud on Kaggle's credit card dataset. The proposed model is OSCNN (Over Sampling with Convolution Neural Network) which is based on over-sampling preprocessing and CNN (convolution neural network). The MLP (Multi-layer perceptron) was also applied to the dataset. Comparing the MLP-OSCNN results, they proved that the proposed model achieved better results with 98% accuracy. |
9,668 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of a Low Cost Interfering Signal Cancellation Approach Based on a Fast Power Minimization Technique Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm, and key words: Adaptive arrays, Minimization, Phase shifters, Jamming, Filtering, Signal processing algorithms. Abstract: Generally, an adaptive array is utilized in combination with multitude of mixers, LOs and ADC circuits to identify the angle of arrival of a jamming signal. Then the weights of the adaptive array elements are adjusted to null a jamming signal. Alternatively, the received RF power is combined first and then rectified using a rectifying diode; then an inexpensive ADC circuit is utilized to monitor the power level and control the weighting blocks of the utilized array accordingly based on an efficient power minimization algorithm. Here, a particle swarm optimization technique is successfully used to search for optimum adaptive array weights and effectively place a null in the direction of the jamming signal with significantly low number of iterations. Results indicate better than 35 dB unwanted signal reduction. |
9,669 | Please write an abstract with title: Strokes Classification in Cricket Batting Videos, and key words: Analytical models, Annotations, Computational modeling, Hidden Markov models, Long short term memory, Sports, Foot. Abstract: In this paper, we present a novel approach to classify strokes in cricket batting. To classify front foot and back foot strokes, we created a feature space consisting of spatiotemporal time series obtained from generated stick Figure video overlays. Classification was performed using Long Short Term memory (LSTM) and Bidirectional LSTM networks. Both LSTM models accurately classified (100%) of all the videos from the testing split for a dataset created using publicly available videos (63 strokes). The presented approach has the potential to contribute to sport analytics and advance augment coaching systems and cricket viewing experience (including automated body segments annotations). Future work will include application in other sport disciplines and advancing prototype implementations on various platforms. |
9,670 | Please write an abstract with title: Iris Detection Based on Analysis of Abstracted Contour Graph, and key words: Iris, Iris recognition, Feature extraction, Image quality, Authentication, Eyelashes, Eyelids. Abstract: This paper proposes novel iris detection by analysis of abstracted contour graph, which is robust against obstacles such as eyelashes and eyelids, in order to achieve a high precision of the iris detection even for low image quality. The analysis of abstracted contour graph is a method to evaluate topological features of contour curves, such as the pupil and iris, effectively reducing the influence of obstacles and extracting true contour curves. It performed the experimental evaluation of the iris detection by the proposed approach using 500 iris images from the iris image database CASIA-IrisV3-Lamp. As a result, it was confirmed that the iris detection rate of the previous studies were 98%, whereas the proposed method improved to 99%. |
9,671 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of the ant colony system for open wye-open delta transformer's phase sequence adjustment, and key words: Costs, Ant colony optimization, Sun, Phase transformers, Feedback, Distributed computing, Security, Relays, Testing, Degradation. Abstract: In this paper, a co-operative agent algorithm, the ant colony system, for open wye-open delta (OYOD) transformer's phase sequence adjustment is proposed. Many utility companies used the OYOD transformers to serve various customers since it can serve both the three-phase and single-phase loads by using two single-phase transformers. Through the OYOD can obtain more economical for transformer cost management, but it also achieves the severe phase unbalance problems. Phase unbalance is one of the prime reasons to cause extra line loss and ground current relay trip in the distribution systems. The formulation of OYOD transformer's phase sequence adjustment is a combinatorial optimization problem with non-linear and non-differential objective function. In this paper we choose the ant colony system to solve the problem since the ant colony system has the characteristics of positive feedback, distributed computation and the use of a constructive greedy heuristic. Test results shown that the proposed ant-colony-system based algorithm can offer an optimum solution for OYOD transformer's phase sequence adjustment. |
9,672 | Please write an abstract with title: Influence of self-induced thermal effects on second-harmonic generation, and key words: Electrons, Optical refraction, Nonlinear optics, Optical harmonic generation, Optical pumping, Optical variables control, Laser transitions, Pump lasers, Absorption. Abstract: In optical nonlinear crystals used for second-harmonic generation the presence of absorption at the fundamental wavelength can lead to index of refraction inhomogeneities that reduce the conversion efficiency. |
9,673 | Please write an abstract with title: A new low frequency piezoelectric composite transducer, and key words: Frequency, Piezoelectric transducers, Ceramics, Ultrasonic transducers, Ultrasonic imaging, Piezoelectric polarization, Capacitance, Robustness, Pulp manufacturing, Electrodes. Abstract: Piezoelectric composite transducers have many recognised advantages for medium frequency (0.2 MHz-20 MHz) ultrasound applications. However, the extension to lower frequency bands has not been straightforward, especially with regard to active (i.e. transmission) behaviour. Manufacture from single ceramic blocks is problematic, due to polarisation limitations and inevitably, the low capacitance compromises transmit sensitivity. Alternative configurations, based on multilayered stacks can overcome most of these problems but introduce additional complexities with device manufacture and operational robustness. This paper presents a different method for manufacture of low frequency composites, utilising the fundamental symmetric Lamb mode (S0) in a conventional thickness drive piezoelectric plate. A composite plate, with electrodes positioned on the major faces, is driven at the fundamental frequency corresponding to the plate length dimension. This is shown to correspond with the S0 mode and demonstrates low loss, longitudinal wave propagation, with uniform surface displacement at the end faces that are normal to the direction of wave travel. A combination of experiment and finite element modelling using PZFlex is used to demonstrate the validity of this approach for low frequency (10 kHz-100kHz) 2-2 piezoelectric composite arrays. Measured coupling coefficients of approximately 0.5 for pzt5h ceramic and 0.8 for single crystal pmn-pt are shown to provide good agreement with theory as do laser scans of the radiating surface profile. The simulated TVR is superior to ceramic based tonpilz configurations of a similar frequency. |
9,674 | Please write an abstract with title: A new family of full-bridge ZVS converters, and key words: Zero voltage switching, Inductors, Pulse width modulation converters, Bridge circuits, Switches, Pulse width modulation, Switching converters, Magnetic switching, Leg, Couplings. Abstract: A family of soft-switched, full-bridge (FB) pulse-width-modulated (PWM) converters that features zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) of all bridge switches over a wide range of input voltage and output load with minimal duty cycle loss and circulating current is described. The ZVS of the primary switches is achieved by employing two magnetic components whose volt-second products change in the opposite directions with a change of phase shift between the two bridge legs. One magnetic component is a transformer while the other magnetic component is either a coupled inductor or a single-winding inductor. The transformer is used to provide isolated output(s), whereas the inductor is used to store energy for ZVS. |
9,675 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic generation of standard cell library in VDSM technologies, and key words: Libraries, Manufacturing, Wire, Standards development, Design methodology, Communication standards, Educational technology, Application specific integrated circuits, Circuit optimization, Design optimization. Abstract: We developed standard cell libraries for three technologies (130, 180 and 350 nm) using an automatic layout generation tool that we have developed. The automatic layout generation tool is improved so as to cope with phase shift mask and mismatch between transistor pitch and wire pitch, which appear commonly in VDSM technologies. The developed libraries are as competitive as manually-designed libraries in layout density and speed. The libraries are currently public to educational organizations in Japan after we verified the functionalities of all cells and the speed of basic combinational cells on the fabricated chips. |
9,676 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Different Rational Decimated Filter Banks Derived From the Same Set of Prototype Filters, and key words: Prototypes, Cutoff frequency, Transfer functions, Complexity theory, Frequency modulation. Abstract: This paper proposes the design and analysis of different rational decimated non-uniform filter banks (RDNUFBs), in which channels with different rational sampling factors are derived by merging the channels of an initial RDNUFB. The feasibility of the merged RDNUFB is analyzed in terms of frequency selectivity, aliasing cancellation, phase distortion, and amplitude distortion. The necessary conditions for the resultant filter bank to be alias free and to possess the linear phase property, are derived. The proposed reconfigurable RDNUFB is deployed to extract various communication standards in the software defined radio (SDR) channelizer, and is found to reduce the hardware complexity when compared to other filter bank based SDR channelizers, when a large number of channels are extracted. |
9,677 | Please write an abstract with title: A New Approach for Vietnamese Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Sentiment analysis, Bit error rate, Medical services, Transformers, Modeling, Task analysis. Abstract: Intelligent systems, especially smartphones, have become crucial parts of the world. These devices can solve various human tasks, from long-distance communication to healthcare assistants. For this tremendous success, customer feedback on a smartphone plays an integral role during the development process. This paper presents an improved approach for the Vietnamese Smartphone Feedback Dataset (UIT-ViSFD), collected and annotated carefully in 2021 (including 11,122 comments and their labels) by employing the pretrained PhoBERT model with a proper pre-processing method. In the experiments, we compare the approach with other transformer-based models such as XLM-R, DistilBERT, RoBERTa, and BERT. The experimental results show that the proposed method can bypass the state-of-the-art methods related to the UIT-ViSFD corpus. As a result, our model can achieve better macro-F1 scores for the Aspect and Sentiment Detection task, which are 86.03% and 78.76%, respectively. In addition, our approach could improve the results of Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis datasets in the Vietnamese language. |
9,678 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of Smart Home using Finite State Machine Model, and key words: Codes, Automata, Water heating, Smart homes, Sensor systems, Storage tanks, Security. Abstract: Security is always the need of the hour in a home. An automation system, which provides security as well as comfort, ensures reliability and ease. This helps making life convenient. A project with a system of detection of fire and intrusion through the doors and windows, which gives both comfort and security along with theft detection, fire alarm, heater, air conditioner, water tank and luminosity, gives not only a sense of security, but also comfort. A smart Verilog code for a smart home is implemented for the above features in this paper. A separate Finite State Machine (FSM) is used for each feature. Thus, synthesizing the Verilog code on Xilinx platform with verification of waveforms and simulation outputs are achieved. |
9,679 | Please write an abstract with title: A comprehensive varactor study for advanced CMOS RFIC design, and key words: Varactors, Radiofrequency integrated circuits, Q factor, Performance analysis, Radio frequency, Circuit synthesis, Portfolios, CMOS technology, Design engineering, Circuit optimization. Abstract: The key performance index related to RF circuit design for a portfolio of varactor structures, N+/Nwell MOS varactor (N+/NW MOSVAR). P+/Pwell MOSVAR (P+/PW MOSVAR) and junction varactor (JVAC) were studied using advanced 0.18/spl mu/m to 90nm RF-CMOS technologies. The engineering and trade-offs for quality factor (Q-factor), tuning ratio (TR = C/sub max/ / C/sub min/), capacitance mismatch and flicker noise for different device structure, geometry size, operation and process conditions were compared to provide a comprehensive guideline for selecting varactor structures and dimensions during advanced RFIC design. |
9,680 | Please write an abstract with title: k-means and fuzzy c-means fusion for object clustering, and key words: Measurement, Machine learning algorithms, Clustering algorithms, Object detection, Machine learning, Prediction algorithms, Classification algorithms. Abstract: Classification methods are carried out in several steps. The most important step is the development of classification rules based on a priori available knowledge; this is the learning phase. This phase uses either deductive or inductive learning. Inductive learning algorithms derive a set of classification rules (or standards) from a set of already classified examples. The goal of these algorithms is to produce classification rules to predict the assignment class of a new case. Among the available knowledge we can mention the choice of the initial cluster centers which is a very important factor in the final definition of clusters. For this purpose, we proposed an evolutionary algorithm EK-means based on the combination of k-means and fuzzy c-means by touching the initialization phase of the centroids. the performance of EK-means is compared with k-means according to the metrics of interclass and intraclass distances. To compare the efficiency of our optimization solution with traditional K-means, we rely on a UCI machine learning repository. The comparative study indicates a remarkable efficiency of our proposal, regardless of the type of data. |
9,681 | Please write an abstract with title: Two-phase Web site classification based on hidden Markov tree models, and key words: Hidden Markov models, Classification tree analysis, Classification algorithms, Context modeling, Tree graphs, Web pages, Computer science, Electronic mail, Bayesian methods, Support vector machines. Abstract: With the exponential growth of both the amount and diversity of the information that the Web encompasses, automatic classification of topic-specific Web sites is highly desirable. We propose a novel approach for Web site classification based on the content, structure and context information of Web sites. In our approach, the site structure is represented as a two-layered tree in which each page is modeled as a DOM (document object model) tree and a site tree is used to hierarchically link all pages within the site. Two context models are presented to capture the topic dependences in the site. Then the hidden Markov tree (HMT) model is utilized as the statistical model of the site tree and the DOM tree, and an HMT-based classifier is presented for their classification. Moreover, for reducing the download size of Web sites but still keeping high classification accuracy, an entropy-based approach is introduced to dynamically prune the site trees. On these bases, we employ the two-phase classification system for classifying Web sites through a fine-to-coarse recursion. The experiments show our approach is able to offer high accuracy and efficient process performance. |
9,682 | Please write an abstract with title: Data Reservoir: Utilization of Multi-Gigabit Backbone Network for Data-Intensive Research, and key words: Reservoirs, Spine, Network servers, Laboratories, File systems, Scalability, Telescopes, Satellite broadcasting, File servers, Web server. Abstract: We propose data sharing facility for data intensive scientific research, "Data Reservoir"; which is optimized to transfer huge amount of data files between distant places fully Utilizing multi-gigabit backbone network. In addition, "Data Reservoir" can be used as an ordinary UNIX server in local network without any modification of server softwares. We use low-level protocol and hierarchical striping to realize (1) separation of bulk data transfer and local accesses by cashing, (2) file-system transparency, I.e. interoperable whatever in higher layer than disk driver, including file system. (3) scalability for network and storage. This paper shows our design, implementation using iSCSI protocol [1] and their performances for both 1Gbps model in the real network and 10Gbps model in our laboratory. |
9,683 | Please write an abstract with title: Power Quality Improvement Using ZSI-DVR, and key words: Voltage fluctuations, Voltage source inverters, Power quality, Switching loss, Switches, Harmonic analysis, Power system reliability. Abstract: Our power system's main concerns are power quality issues. Voltage sags, swells, flicker, voltage notches, harmonic distortions, transients, and momentary interruptions are examples of such phenomena. These issues are mainly effecting to the industrial customers. Custom power system devices are the most suitable solution to mitigate such issues, which includes D-STATCOM, DVR, UPQC etc. Among them DVR is a better choice due to its better, efficient, reliable operation. Main part of a DVR is the Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) which is supplied by means of a battery or from a DC link capacitor. Basically VSI are buck in action, obtainable output voltage cannot exceed the DC source voltage. For a PV supplied system there is a need of separate DC-DC boost converter in the input side of the VSI. DC-DC boost converter require more switches. This makes the overall system costly and also switching losses and total volume of the system become high. Also whenever the two switches of the same leg is ON it leads to the shoot through (ST) and damages the inverter and reduce its reliability. Impedance source inverter (ZSI) is beneficial to inversion application that demands a high voltage gain from a very low voltage DC source such as Photo Voltaic generation. Voltage boosting, inversion and maximum power point tracking are all accomplished in a single stage with this inverter topology. It has minimized number of switching devices and it utilizes the shoot through state for the boost function. So this paper mainly aims to improve the performance of DVR with the replacement of VSI by a ZSI and UVT-PWM(Unit Vector Template-Pulse Width Modulation) based control algorithm is used as the DVR controller. This paper analyses the voltage compensation performance under voltage sag and voltage swell conditions, also harmonic mitigation performance of the ZSI-DVR were analysed. This paper also aims to compare the performance of ZSI-DVR with performance of traditional VSI-DVR. |
9,684 | Please write an abstract with title: Use of a fiber-optic cable with a free-fall microstructure profiler, and key words: Optical fiber cables, Microstructure, Communication cables, Optical fiber devices, Marine vehicles, Instruments, Information retrieval, Data communication, Contamination, Pollution measurement. Abstract: A new free-fall microstructure profiler has been developed which uses a thin, flexible fiber-optic cable to transmit data to the ship. The Advanced Microstructure Profiler (AMP) is designed to perform rapid and repetitive profiling to depths of 300 m, and thus must have a cable that permits instrument retrieval and data transmission at high rates to sample the microstructure adequately. To avoid cable-induced contamination of the measurements, AMP must operate essentially as a free-fall device and the cable must offer very low drag during descent. Experience during the past year has shown that a fiber-optic data link encased in a Kevlar strength member achieves these goals. This paper gives a brief description of AMP and its fiber-optic data link and discusses some operational experiences in its utilization. |
9,685 | Please write an abstract with title: Uniaxial-biaxial stress hybridization for super-critical strained-si directly on insulator (SC-SSOI) PMOS with different channel orientations., and key words: Insulation, Compressive stress, Uniaxial strain, MOS devices, Circuits, Capacitive sensors, Tensile stress, Degradation, Sun, Lattices. Abstract: This paper describes the novel stress engineering of SC-SSOI devices through the interactions between biaxial lattice strain, uniaxial relaxation, process-induced stressor and channel orientation. We have demonstrated a method of uniaxial stress relaxation with compressive capping layer (cESL) to achieve the desired stress configurations for enhanced short-channel SC-SSOIpMOS devices |
9,686 | Please write an abstract with title: Machine tool condition monitoring system using tooth rotation energy estimation (TREE) technique, and key words: Machine tools, Condition monitoring, Teeth, Data analysis, Hardware, Filtering, Application software, Microcontrollers, Data acquisition, Signal analysis. Abstract: This paper introduces a tooth rotation energy estimation (TREE) technique and its implementation on a PIC Microcontroller based distributed machine tool condition monitoring system. The technique uses existing machine signals namely; spindle speed and spindle load for the purpose of data acquisition, analysis and decision making thus avoiding the use of any additional sensors. The paper discusses the evolution of this time domain technique, starting from signal acquisition, hardware filtering, the application of moving average for software filtering before going on to explore the signal's variations for different tool conditions. The acquired data is analysed in terms of the energy per tooth. The strength of an energy index in the acquired signals under various cutting conditions can then be used for fault diagnosis and prognosis. The software and hardware system architectures and the test application on a Kondia B500 vertical axis milling machine are described |
9,687 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy Efficient Resource Management in Fog Computing Supported Medical Cyber-Physical System, and key words: Cloud computing, Smart cities, Heuristic algorithms, Smart healthcare, Clustering algorithms, Computer architecture, Energy efficiency. Abstract: The sufficient resources in the cloud data center allow plenties of the Internet of Things(IoT) application that has to be deployed on the server to provide services for different industries. However the major drawbacks faced nowadays is the centralized nature of computing framework for processing latency sensitive application especially health monitoring, processing medical data generated from the sensor devices attached in the body of the patients. The major drawback being faced in these cloud frameworks is their limited scalability and hence incapable to cater the requirements of the centralized IoT based environment. Fog computing architecture is considered as a promising solution that extends the feature of existing Cloud Computing and brings the resources close to the IoT devices which meets the requirements imposed by the devices in the network of IoT. The main issue of fog computing is the distribution of resources. As fog computing is still in the infancy stage there is no such Service Level Agreement(SLA) defined. In fog computing resource management is an important issue if efficiently managed then we can enhance the performance of the system up to a large extent. In this paper we are considering smart health care which is now a trend for smart city people used to get access health-care from the home, so we have proposed to design an architecture for efficient health-care by using fog computing which is collaboration with cloud. Service placement is considered as an important problem for designing such architecture to process the latency based application that can provide innovative solutions by bringing resources closer to the user and provide low latency and energy-efficient solutions for data processing compared to cloud. We have employed to form a fog cluster based on the hop count and place the services within that cluster so that node to node latency get minimized and network cost is minimized for users perspective, we also minimize the network utilization so that load on the network devices is balanced. In this work, we have discussed service placement problems in fog computing environments for a specific use case of health monitoring over a large geographical area. A new Dynamic Cluster Algorithm has been proposed and compare with existing two other Algorithm named as latency aware and resource aware.The result shown that our algorithm performs better than other two Algorithms. |
9,688 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving Dense FAQ Retrieval with Synthetic Training, and key words: Training, COVID-19, Conferences, Semantics, Syntactics, Task analysis. Abstract: Frequently Asked Question (F AQ) retrieval is a valuable task which aims to find the most relevant question-answer pair from a FAQ dataset given a user query. Currently, most works implement F AQ retrieval considering the similarity between the query and the question as well as the relevance between the query and the answer. However, the query-answer relevance is difficult to model effectively due to the heterogeneity of query-answer pairs in terms of syntax and semantics. To alleviate this issue and improve retrieval performance, we propose a novel approach to consider answer information into F AQ retrieval by question generation, which provides high-quality synthetic positive training examples for dense retriever. Experiment results indicate that our method outperforms term-based BM25 and pretrained dense retriever significantly on two recently published COVID-19 F AQ datasets. |
9,689 | Please write an abstract with title: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation based Modulation Classification for Overlapped Signals, and key words: Training, Supervised learning, Pattern classification, Modulation, Feature extraction, Robustness, Distance measurement. Abstract: As the electromagnetic environment complexity increases, the importance of automatic modulation classification for overlapped signals (OS-AMC) becomes more evident. Existing deep learning methods utilizing supervised learning are heavily challenged because the actual application environment is more complicated than the ideal training environment, and the raw samples may not be labeled due to time constraints when it comes to an emergency. Hence, in this letter, we develop an unsupervised domain adaptation-based OS-AMC method to transfer the model trained under an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel to a multi-path channel. To the best of our knowledge, solving the OS-AMC problem in a complex environment has not been addressed yet. |
9,690 | Please write an abstract with title: Cooperative Blind Spectrum Detection With Doolittle Decomposition and PCA-SVM Classification in Hybrid GEO-LEO Satellite Constellation Networks, and key words: Sensors, Support vector machines, Satellite broadcasting, Satellites, Low earth orbit satellites, Satellite constellations, Kernel. Abstract: A cooperative blind spectrum detection with the Doolittle decomposition and support vector machine (SVM) classification is proposed to improve the performance and reduce the complexity and latency of spectrum detection in hybrid Geostationary Earth Orbit and Low Earth Orbit (GEO-LEO) satellite constellation networks. First, a principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm is adopted to process perceive signals. Second, the maximum-to-minimum eigenvalue ratio of a covariance matrix is utilized to construct statistics with self-learning ability by using the Doolittle decomposition. Third, primary user and noise signals are labeled with “+1” and “$-$1” as training labels, respectively. Finally, a high-performance PCA-SVM classification is generated by training the labels and the corresponding statistics. Innovations mainly include the Doolittle decomposition of the covariance matrix in the SVM and the PCA to preprocess the perceived signals. Simulation results show that the detection probability of the proposed scheme outperforms the energy detection and the SVM algorithm by 55 and 15% at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of $-$15 dB, respectively. The average error probability of the proposed scheme is 20% lower than that of the SVM at an SNR of $-$20 dB. Therefore, in hybrid GEO-LEO satellite constellation networks, the cooperative blind spectrum detection with the Doolittle decomposition and SVM classification can detect the spectrum with low complexity and high performance effectively. |
9,691 | Please write an abstract with title: Traffic Signal Control: a Double Q-learning Approach, and key words: Economics, Connected vehicles, Smart cities, Microscopy, Neural networks, Transportation, Reinforcement learning. Abstract: Currently, the use of information and communication technologies for solving economic, social, transportation, and other problems in the urban environment is usually considered within the "smart city" concept. Optimal traffic management and, in particular, traffic signal control is one of the key components of smart cities. In this paper, we investigate the reinforcement learning approach, namely, the double Q-learning approach, to solve the traffic signal control problem. Both the initial data on the connected vehicles distribution and the aggregated characteristics of traffic flows are used to describe the state of the reinforcement learning agent. Experimental studies of the proposed model were carried out on synthetic and real data using the CityFlow microscopic traffic simulator. |
9,692 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal design of adaptive coded modulation schemes for maximum average spectral efficiency, and key words: Modulation coding, Bit error rate, Fading, Signal to noise ratio, AWGN, Optimization methods, Intelligent transportation systems, Telecommunication computing, Informatics, Wireless communication. Abstract: Adaptive coded modulation (ACM) is a promising tool for transmission in a fading environment. The main motivation for employing ACM schemes is to improve the spectral efficiency of wireless communications. In this paper, we present a method for optimizing the average spectral efficiency of an ACM system. One important result of this work is that only a small number of optimally designed codes is needed to yield throughput close to the Shannon limit. |
9,693 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-features Based Arrhythmia Diagnosis Algorithm Using Xgboost, and key words: Iron, Data science. Abstract: Arrhythmia is the common disease in today's society. In order to judge the specific situation of the patient, doctors often observe the ECG (Electrocardiograph) signal to get enough information to help them diagnose. Many researches have been devoted to using various machine learning algorithms to study the classification problem of arrhythmia. However, single judgement cannot achieve acceptable results. Obviously, electrocardiogram signal data set has many missing data for various reasons. Fortunately, Xgboost has a strong ability to handle these problems. In this paper, the Multi-features Arrhythmia Diagnosis Algorithm Xgboost (MADA-Xgboost) is used in classification of arrhythmia. The data in the dataset is firstly divided into discrete data and continuous data. Cluster analysis algorithm is used to discretize continuous data. After that, integrate the processed data with the original discrete data. Then use principal components analysis (PCA) to make feature judgments and select the appropriate features. The next step is generating features vector through the chosen features. If the vector is generated, it can be used in Xgboost to adjust parameters and train the model. The modified parameters are number of iterations, depth, learning rate, alpha and gamma. Finally, after getting the trained model, using it to process the test data and classify the data as normal or abnormal. In order to prove the effectiveness of MADA-Xgboost, we analyze the data and algorithm. Obviously, people of different ages, genders, heights and weights have different health status. These data will affect the diagnosis of heart disease. At the same time, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure are also associated with the human health. In addition, Xgboost is not only highly accurate but also fast in classification. In this case, the MADA-Xgboost used in the paper is reasonable and correct. |
9,694 | Please write an abstract with title: HDACC: a heuristic density-based ant colony clustering algorithm, and key words: Clustering algorithms, Error analysis, Convergence, Production, Space technology, Sorting, Cadaver, Centralized control, Data analysis, Particle swarm optimization. Abstract: We present a new heuristic density-based ant colony clustering algorithm (HDACC). Firstly, the device of "memory bank" is proposed, which can bring forth heuristic knowledge guiding an ant to move in the bi-dimensional grid space. Hence the randomness of the ant's motion decreases and algorithm convergence speeds up. In addition, the memory bank makes it possible for every object to be inspected before the algorithm is terminated, which avoids the production of an "unassigned data object". So the classification error rate drops subsequently. Secondly, we proposed a density-based method which permits each ant to "look ahead", which reduces the times of region-inquiry. Consequently, clustering time is saved. We carried out experiments on real data sets and synthetic data sets. The results demonstrated that HDBCSI is a viable and effective clustering algorithm. |
9,695 | Please write an abstract with title: A deliberative model for self-adaptation middleware using architectural dependency, and key words: Middleware, Instruments, Runtime, Condition monitoring, Control systems, Autonomic nervous system, Probes, Acoustical engineering, Mathematical model, Biology computing. Abstract: A crucial prerequisite to externalized adaptation is an understanding of how components are interconnected, or more particularly how and why they depend on one another. Such dependencies can be used to provide an architectural model, which provides a reference point for externalized adaptation. In this paper, it is described how dependencies are used as a basis to systems' self-understanding and subsequent architectural reconfigurations. The approach is based on the combination of: instrumentation services, a dependency meta-model and a system controller. In particular, the latter uses self-healing repair rules (or conflict resolution strategies), based on extensible beliefs, desires and intention (EBDI) model, to reflect reconfiguration changes back to a target application under examination. |
9,696 | Please write an abstract with title: Applying Parallel and Distributed Computing Curriculum to Cyber Security Courses, and key words: Programming, Handheld computers, Parallel processing, Military computing, Programming profession, Malware, Industries. Abstract: Parallel technologies evolve at a fast rate, with new hardware and programming frameworks being introduced every few years. Keeping a Parallel and Distributed Computing (PDC) lecture up to date is a challenge in itself, let alone when one has to consider the synergies between other courses and the shifts in direction that are industry-driven and echo inside the student body. This paper details the process of aligning parallel and distributed curriculum at the Military Technical Academy of Bucharest (MTA) over the last five years, with government and industry demands as well as faculty and student expectations. The result has been an adaptation and an update of the previous lectures and assignments on PDC, and the creation of a new course that relies heavily on parallel technologies to provide a modern outlook on software security and the tools used to combat cyber threats. Concepts and assignments originally designed for a PDC course have molded perfectly into a new supporting paradigm focused on malicious code (malware) analysis. |
9,697 | Please write an abstract with title: Blockchain-Enabled Adaptive-Learning-Based Resource-Sharing Framework for IIoT Environment, and key words: Task analysis, Industrial Internet of Things, Computational modeling, Resource management, Blockchain, Servers, Delays. Abstract: The industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has emerged as an essential paradigm to enhance industrial operations and productivity through efficient utilization of available resources. The paradigm allows industrial devices to share computing resources based on locality constraints to support innovative services. In this article, we propose a trusted multihop collaborative computing model for the efficient utilization of nearby devices in an IIoT environment. To establish trust, we explore a social-aware incentive scheme managed by network edge, using distributed ledgers. The extensive simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in the presence of malicious nodes in the industrial environment. |
9,698 | Please write an abstract with title: Simulation of multi UAV flight formation, and key words: Aerospace simulation, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Vehicle dynamics, Virtual reality, Surveillance, Reconnaissance. Abstract: This paper deals with the flight formation of multiple unmanned air vehicles in performance of task such as surveillance, reconnaissance, target attack etc. Algorithms have been developed and implemented for formation flying taking into account the static and dynamic obstacles, wind gusts that are encountered during the mission. The simulation is done for an arbitrary number of vehicles in virtual reality environment using virtual reality modeling language. Complete simulation have been done showing how the predetermined path is maintained by alleviating the deviations caused so as to avoid static and dynamic obstacle collisions, inter vehicle collisions and hence maintain formation flying. |
9,699 | Please write an abstract with title: The Importance of E-learning During the Corona Pandemic, and key words: Seminars, Q-factor, Electronic learning, Pandemics, Education, Blogs, Corona. Abstract: E-learning has attracted the attention of researchers and specialists, especially at the present time, after the outbreak of the Corona pandemic. It has received unparalleled attention from all university professors and those who work in educational institutions. E-learning shortened the time, brought the teacher and the student closer, shortened the distances between them, and provided opportunities for a number of learners to continue studying and learning from a distance. E-learning has witnessed several developments through different historical stages, and it was not the birth of the hour, but its importance and effectiveness became evident during the spread of the Corona epidemic. The research discussed the concept of e-learning, the stages of its inception, its objectives and benefits, the most important factors for its success, its most prominent types, its most important technologies, its quality factors and its obstacles. |
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