shivank21/arc_easy_subset · Datasets at Hugging Face

id stringlengths 8 22	question stringlengths 18 666	choices dict	answerKey stringclasses 8 values	source_config stringclasses 1 value
Mercury_SC_407065	A student places a pan of water on the stove. What happens to some of the water as it is heated to a boil?	{ "text": [ "It becomes a gas.", "It becomes a solid.", "It gets new atomic bonds.", "It gets destroyed." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
CSZ30768	Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen [H] to form large molecules?	{ "text": [ "sodium [Na]", "lithium [Li]", "sulfur [S]", "carbon [C]" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7211418	What type of cell passes on mutations?	{ "text": [ "skin cell", "nerve cell", "red blood cell", "egg cell" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy
Mercury_SC_401803	What happens to colored sugar when it is added to water?	{ "text": [ "The sugar reacts and colors the water.", "The sugar becomes white and the water changes color.", "The sugar evaporates and the water changes color.", "The sugar dissolves and colors the water." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7217980	What instrument should be used to monitor atmospheric pressure changes as a weather system approaches?	{ "text": [ "psychrometer", "thermometer", "anemometer", "barometer" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy
NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_30	Which human activity will help conserve Earth's natural resources?	{ "text": [ "leaving the television on all day", "recycling plastic bottles", "cutting down trees", "burning trash in the yard" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7015925	Which of these is most likely to create large areas of land subsidence?	{ "text": [ "eruptions of volcanoes", "extraction of ground water", "global warming", "greenhouse effect" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7245578	According to the endosymbiotic theory, the outer membrane of the chloroplast originated from which organelle?	{ "text": [ "the lysosome of an engulfed prokaryotic cell", "the chloroplast of an engulfed prokaryotic cell", "the cell membrane of an eukaryotic host cell", "the chloroplast of an eukaryotic host cell" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7212940	Two characteristics of the Nevada climate are low humidity and abundant sunshine. This combination of characteristics most likely results in	{ "text": [ "low altitude fog.", "rapid evaporation.", "high elevation snowfall.", "frequent thunderstorms." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7222670	Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems. Which of the following is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part?	{ "text": [ "Jovian planets", "Halley's comet", "Milky Way galaxy", "Orion's belt" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	ARC-Easy
MCAS_2004_5_32	Energy appears in many forms. What form of energy is lightning?	{ "text": [ "electrical energy", "mechanical energy", "magnetic energy", "sound energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7043873	What happens to a moist air mass as it moves upward in the atmosphere?	{ "text": [ "It becomes warmer and forms clouds.", "It becomes cooler and forms clouds.", "Its temperature remains the same.", "Its temperature varies greatly." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	ARC-Easy
Mercury_SC_LBS10680	What allows a light bulb to give off light?	{ "text": [ "the current flowing through the wire to the light bulb", "the light bulb giving electrical energy to the battery", "the light bulb generating heat energy", "the battery pushing light through the wire" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_43	Which type of energy is transferred from one object to another by simple machines?	{ "text": [ "mechanical", "chemical", "nuclear", "electrical" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	1	ARC-Easy
Mercury_177188	The smallest particle of matter that can be identified as an element is called	{ "text": [ "an atom.", "a proton.", "an electron.", "a molecule." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
AKDE&ED_2008_8_38	Which tool, when properly used, would best help a student classify a basket of apples into groups based on mass?	{ "text": [ "balance", "thermometer", "meter stick", "graduated cylinder" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7215478	Some dairy farmers want their cows to produce greater amounts of milk than average cows. Which process will help the dairy farmers develop cows with this trait?	{ "text": [ "selective breeding", "behavioral modification", "ecological succession", "geographical isolation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7007683	Which parts of an atom are reactive during a chemical process?	{ "text": [ "electrons", "protons", "neutrons", "molecules" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7160528	Energy is absorbed and released through endothermic and exothermic processes. Which is an example of an exothermic process?	{ "text": [ "ice melting", "ice sublimating", "water evaporating", "water freezing" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7124355	Which characteristic would a scientist most likely maintain throughout an investigation?	{ "text": [ "being open to new ideas", "sharing limited research", "focus on completing research first", "focus on formulating conclusions" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7183523	The growing human population has many practices that adversely impact the environment. Acid rain is one example of environmental damage that is related to human activities. Which human activity is most likely the largest contributor to acid rain?	{ "text": [ "burning fossil fuels in power plants", "using pesticides on agricultural crops", "dumping waste matter into ocean waters", "clearing native forests for industrialization" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
LEAP_2003_8_10393	The process of cellular respiration occurs in	{ "text": [ "both plant and animal cells.", "plant cells only.", "animal cells only.", "neither plant nor animal cells." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_8	Humans are protected from some infections by specialized cells which produce chemicals that	{ "text": [ "destroy microbes", "recycle nutrients", "allow locomotion", "coordinate movement" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	1	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7251003	Which information does a student need to differentiate between the speed and the velocity of a vehicle in motion?	{ "text": [ "the rate of the motion", "the direction of the motion", "the change in the amount of motion", "the amount of distance traveled during motion" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	ARC-Easy
TIMSS_2007_8_pg130	Where is most fresh (non-salty) water on Earth located?	{ "text": [ "oceans", "rivers", "lakes", "polar ice caps" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy
Mercury_SC_400526	The water cycle includes which processes?	{ "text": [ "evaporation, condensation, precipitation", "metamorphosis, evaporation, respiration", "precipitation, perspiration, mitosis", "fixation, decomposition, respiration" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
MEA_2014_5_15	Which type of organism is made of one cell?	{ "text": [ "trees", "bacteria", "fern", "fish" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	ARC-Easy
MCAS_2011_8_17685	Human activity most likely contributes to which of the following changes on Earth?	{ "text": [ "an increase in the length of a day", "a decrease in the number of volcanic eruptions", "a decrease in the magnitude of large earthquakes", "an increase in the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy
NYSEDREGENTS_2008_8_26	Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine the	{ "text": [ "structure of Earth's interior", "depth of the oceans", "cause of dinosaur extinction", "age of Earth" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	1	ARC-Easy
MEA_2016_8_19	In what unit of time does Earth orbit the Sun?	{ "text": [ "day", "month", "year", "century" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	ARC-Easy
MEA_2014_5_3	What happens when a warm object is put inside a cooler object?	{ "text": [ "The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.", "The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.", "The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains en...	C	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7034895	One difference between a chemical formula and a chemical equation is that the chemical equation shows	{ "text": [ "abbreviations for each element.", "the number of atoms per element.", "what elements are in each molecule.", "the chemical reaction that takes place." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy
MCAS_2004_8_35	Which of the following planets has the shortest orbit around the Sun?	{ "text": [ "Earth", "Mars", "Mercury", "Venus" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	ARC-Easy
Mercury_SC_406663	A student plans to write a report about a type of bird that includes only facts. Which statement should the student leave out of the report?	{ "text": [ "These birds are blue.", "These birds are beautiful.", "Most of these birds are 13 cm tall.", "Most of these birds are about 10 grams." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7017885	The motion of atoms and molecules in a substance is	{ "text": [ "thermal energy.", "chemical energy.", "mechanical energy.", "electromagnetic energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7072625	The human brain is an organ that is made up of many tissues. This information can be used to determine that the brain is	{ "text": [ "unicellular.", "multicellular.", "part of a bacterial colony.", "able to function independently." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	ARC-Easy
Mercury_SC_400125	The shape of a riverbed changes over time as a result of which gradual process?	{ "text": [ "erosion", "dissolving", "plate shifting", "compaction" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
Mercury_SC_406653	What is one function of tree roots?	{ "text": [ "to absorb sunlight", "to absorb water", "to make seeds", "to make food" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7217228	Which of the following will always produce a magnetic force on a nearby iron nail?	{ "text": [ "a long piece of copper wire", "a large static electric charge", "an electric current", "an electric field" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	ARC-Easy
TIMSS_2003_8_pg18	One of the main causes of acid rain is	{ "text": [ "Waste from nuclear power plants", "Spills from chemical manufacturing plants", "Gases from burning fossil fuels", "Gases from aerosol spray cans" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7212503	Sir Isaac Newton stated that every object in the universe attracts matter. The attraction depends on the mass of an object and the distance between the objects. What type of force did Newton describe?	{ "text": [ "centripetal force", "generalized force", "centrifugal force", "gravitational force" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7217875	Water vapor sometimes condenses into stratus clouds that are in contact with the ground. What forms as a result of this process?	{ "text": [ "ozone", "methane", "fog", "smoke" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7210105	A student records the temperature in the schoolyard every day for a month. Which is the best way to present the temperature data so each day can be compared?	{ "text": [ "summary paragraph", "labeled diagram", "pie chart", "bar graph" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy
Mercury_SC_402074	When entire communities in an ecosystem change over time, it is known as	{ "text": [ "migration.", "extinction.", "overpopulation.", "ecological succession." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy
Mercury_SC_LBS10344	How does the presence of organic matter contribute to good soil?	{ "text": [ "It adds nutrients to the soil.", "It helps the soil to dry out.", "It keeps the soil cool.", "It destroys bacteria in the soil." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7240923	Which statement describes the most likely effect of transformation on bacteria such as E. coli?	{ "text": [ "Transformed bacteria express a new protein product.", "Transformed bacteria have multiple chromosomes.", "Transformed bacteria reproduce more quickly.", "Transformed bacteria become a new species." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7221393	Which substance is composed of only one type of atom?	{ "text": [ "water", "gold", "salt", "sugar" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	ARC-Easy
Mercury_SC_401264	The vertical axis on a graph is the y-axis. What is most likely placed along the y-axis?	{ "text": [ "element symbols", "negative numbers", "dependent variables", "independent variables" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7228200	Ribosomes present in a particular cell are smaller than those found in plants. In which taxonomic group or groups could the cell be classified?	{ "text": [ "fungi only", "archaea only", "bacteria or archaea", "bacteria or fungi" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7077490	Which is needed to determine the amount of gravitational force between two objects?	{ "text": [ "weight and time", "distance and mass", "volume and mass", "area and weight" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	ARC-Easy
Mercury_405777	What is the most important property architects must consider when selecting materials for the walls, ceilings, and floors for a new concert hall?	{ "text": [ "thermal properties", "chemical properties", "electrical properties", "acoustical properties" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7198993	Gel electrophoresis is a technology which allows researchers to reliably separate and sort DNA fragments. This technology is most useful for which application?	{ "text": [ "selective breeding", "medical gene repair", "genetic engineering", "cell metabolism analysis" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7217718	In the 1970s, the pesticide DDT was used to kill insects that damaged fruit and vegetable crops. Most insects died from being exposed to DDT, but some survived. These surviving insects contributed to an increase in their population by	{ "text": [ "migrating to habitats that had different types of crops.", "learning how to avoid being exposed to DDT.", "passing the gene for DDT resistance to their offspring.", "competing with other types of insects for food." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	ARC-Easy
Mercury_SC_401403	Animals and plants need oxygen to live. Oxygen is released in photosynthesis. Which cycle includes photosynthesis?	{ "text": [ "the carbon cycle", "the nitrogen cycle", "the water cycle", "the rock cycle" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
Mercury_SC_415584	A class measures the time it takes for two different trucks to drive across the parking lot. How can they tell which truck is faster?	{ "text": [ "The truck that starts moving first is faster.", "The truck that takes less time is faster.", "The truck that has bigger tires is faster.", "The truck that takes more time is faster." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7267838	Which of the following is most necessary for life to develop on another planet?	{ "text": [ "liquid water", "rocky surfaces", "warm soil", "atmospheric oxygen" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7004988	How are igneous and sedimentary rocks similar?	{ "text": [ "They are both formed by erosion.", "They are both formed from cooled lava.", "Heat and pressure can turn them into lava.", "Heat and pressure can turn them into metamorphic rock." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy
Mercury_SC_402094	The area of a small ocean island is slowly shrinking. This is most likely the result of which occurrence?	{ "text": [ "plant growth", "beach erosion", "dissolving rock", "falling water" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	ARC-Easy
MCAS_2004_5_22	An earthworm was placed on top of a thick layer of moist topsoil in a pan. The pan was placed in a room with the lights on. How did the earthworm most likely respond to these conditions?	{ "text": [ "by burrowing under the soil", "by crawling around in the pan", "by staying where it was placed", "by trying to crawl out of the pan" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
MCAS_1998_4_7	7. What is the cause of most earthquakes?	{ "text": [ "the rotation of Earth", "the direction of the wind", "the pull of Earth's gravity", "the movement of plates on Earth's crust" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7207183	Sandstone and all other types of sedimentary rock are made up of particles. The source materials of these particles consist of	{ "text": [ "fragments that broke off of older rocks.", "magma that cooled deep below a volcano.", "gases that condensed in the atmosphere.", "vegetation that decayed in thick layers." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7236495	Scientists theorize that the original atmosphere of Earth was stripped away by the solar wind shortly after the formation of the planet. The Jovian planets are far enough from the Sun that the solar wind has less of an impact. Studies of the Jovian planets suggest the early atmosphere of Earth was mainly composed of wh...	{ "text": [ "oxygen and argon", "hydrogen and helium", "carbon dioxide and nitrogen", "sulfur dioxide and water vapor" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7223948	Which material has the least resistance to the flow of electricity?	{ "text": [ "rubber", "aluminum", "granite", "wood" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	ARC-Easy
Mercury_191503	What is the primary function of white blood cells in humans?	{ "text": [ "carry oxygen", "fight disease", "grow tissues", "remove waste" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	ARC-Easy
MCAS_2005_5_22	What happens to the path of a light ray as it passes from air into water at an angle?	{ "text": [ "Its path widens.", "Its path bends.", "Its path becomes shorter.", "Its path continues in a straight line." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7263428	Which are replenished more quickly than they are used?	{ "text": [ "energy resources", "material resources", "renewable resources", "nonrenewable resources" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7179865	The Hubble Space Telescope is a telescope that NASA launched into space in 1990. Scientists most likely prefer to use the Hubble Space Telescope instead of a land-based telescope because it provides better accuracy at	{ "text": [ "predicting solar eclipses.", "investigating faraway galaxies.", "investigating the size of Venus.", "predicting the phases of the Moon." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	ARC-Easy
Mercury_SC_400843	Which material is attracted to a magnet?	{ "text": [ "iron", "wood", "plastic", "ice" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
LEAP__7_10345	What is the main reason humans need nitrogen to survive?	{ "text": [ "Nitrogen is used in respiration to generate energy.", "Nitrogen is used in making the proteins in the body.", "Nitrogen is used to help the body eliminate wastes.", "Nitrogen is used by nerve cells to conduct impulses." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B	ARC-Easy
VASoL_2010_3_20	Having dry, hot weather for a long time can cause a	{ "text": [ "drought", "thunderstorm", "tornado", "flood" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7122850	After a star runs out of most of its hydrogen fuel, it becomes hotter and more luminous. What stage does this represent in the life cycle of a star?	{ "text": [ "quasar", "protostar", "red giant", "white dwarf" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7018498	Beakers and graduated cylinders are designed to measure	{ "text": [ "mass.", "density.", "volume.", "viscosity." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	ARC-Easy
TIMSS_2003_8_pg99	Animals and plants are made up of a number of different chemical elements. What happens to all of these elements when animals and plants die?	{ "text": [ "They die with the animal or plant.", "They evaporate into the atmosphere.", "They are recycled back into the environment.", "They change into different elements." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	ARC-Easy
Mercury_SC_LBS10177	Earthquakes are vibrations of Earth's crust. What device is used to measure the size of an earthquake?	{ "text": [ "barometer", "Doppler radar", "depth scale", "seismograph" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy
AKDE&ED_2008_8_50	Which statement best describes how energy transfer within Earth's atmosphere can affect a weather condition?	{ "text": [ "During radiation, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the air temperature.", "During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temperature.", "During convection, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the a...	B	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7068705	Some plants need to be in an environment where water drains easily. Which type of soil content will best benefit these plants?	{ "text": [ "sand", "shale", "clay", "silt" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
LEAP__4_10228	On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether it is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it	{ "text": [ "has an odor.", "has separate parts.", "can make a noise and has a lifelike color.", "carries out basic life functions." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy
Mercury_SC_405881	Recycling is important to the environment because it	{ "text": [ "is a good way to earn money.", "produces more carbon dioxide for plants.", "decreases the amount of natural resources.", "is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7141785	Which calculation is used to determine acceleration?	{ "text": [ "divide change in velocity by change in time", "multiply average velocity by change in time", "divide average velocity by mass", "multiply change in velocity by distance traveled" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
MCAS_2009_5_6511	A student hears the sound of a bell. Which of the following carries the sound of the bell to the student?	{ "text": [ "electrical currents", "magnetic signals", "radio waves", "vibrating air" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy
Mercury_416374	Which surgery is most like the way a transgenic organism is made?	{ "text": [ "Adelle receives an artificial hip to ease her arthritis.", "Kwan receives a pacemaker to regulate his heartbeat.", "Hector receives a replacement heart valve from a cow.", "Denise receives a kidney donated by her identical twin." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7163328	In a forest ecosystem, the squirrels eat seeds from trees. The squirrels are then eaten by hawks, owls, and foxes. If there were no more owls present in this ecosystem, which would most likely happen in the forest?	{ "text": [ "The squirrel population would increase.", "The hawk population would decrease.", "The fox population would decrease.", "The tree population would increase." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
Mercury_SC_LBS10390	A cold-blooded vertebrate with smooth skin belongs to what class of animals?	{ "text": [ "reptile", "fish", "amphibian", "mammal" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	ARC-Easy
ACTAAP_2013_7_13	Xylem cells have very thick walls. They make up most of a tree trunk and its branches. What system in vertebrates provides the same function as the xylem cells in a tree?	{ "text": [ "the skeletal system", "the endocrine system", "the respiratory system", "the integumentary system" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
NYSEDREGENTS_2012_4_17	Which characteristic helps some animals defend themselves against predators?	{ "text": [ "strong odor", "poor hearing", "weak eyesight", "shivering" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7239138	The complex, three-dimensional structure of a protein is sensitive to heat because the structure is maintained by	{ "text": [ "hydrogen bonds.", "covalent bonds.", "Brownian motion.", "magnetic fields." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
TIMSS_2003_8_pg19	When chlorine gas reacts with sodium metal, what type of substance is formed?	{ "text": [ "A mixture", "A compound", "An element", "An alloy", "A solution" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D", "E" ] }	B	ARC-Easy
NCEOGA_2013_5_24	After a rain, a puddle of water remains on a sidewalk. After a day of sunshine, the puddle is gone. Which process is most responsible for the disappearance of the puddle?	{ "text": [ "precipitation", "transpiration", "evaporation", "condensation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	ARC-Easy
MCAS_2004_5_8	When an electric fan is running, most of the incoming electrical energy changes into which kind of energy?	{ "text": [ "heat energy", "light energy", "mechanical energy", "sound energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7168350	Cells need nutrients for energy. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to provide cellular energy?	{ "text": [ "digestive", "excretory", "circulatory", "respiratory" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
Mercury_SC_LBS10579	Scientists today understand how forces work due to Isaac Newton's study of	{ "text": [ "electricity.", "magnetism.", "atoms.", "gravity." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7223090	A student uses clay to construct a model of Earth. Which layer of the model should be the thinnest layer?	{ "text": [ "the layer representing the mantle", "the layer representing the outer core", "the layer representing the inner core", "the layer representing the crust" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy
CSZ_2005_5_CSZ10247	Which of the following is broken down in the body to release energy?	{ "text": [ "sugar.", "water.", "salt.", "oxygen." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A	ARC-Easy
NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_5	Which process is responsible for the growth and repair of human tissue?	{ "text": [ "evolution", "germination", "cell division", "natural selection" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	3	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7179340	Coal, oil, and natural gas have high potential energies, which makes them valuable energy resources. In order to benefit from the energy available in these fossil fuels, the potential energy is converted most directly into which type of energy?	{ "text": [ "chemical", "electrical", "solar", "thermal" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy
Mercury_7057243	A student mixes salt and water in a beaker to form a solution. What properties of the substances would allow the student to then separate the components?	{ "text": [ "densities", "particle sizes", "boiling points", "electrical conductivity" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C	ARC-Easy
TIMSS_2007_8_pg77	Which of the following is caused by a virus?	{ "text": [ "ulcer", "malaria", "tuberculosis", "influenza" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy
NAEP_2009_4_S7+6	A thermometer shows that the outside air temperature is colder than the temperature at which water turns to ice. However, ice on the sidewalk melts. What probably caused this?	{ "text": [ "The air heating the sidewalk", "The sidewalk reflecting sunlight into the air", "The wind causing the ice on the sidewalk to melt", "The sunlight making the sidewalk warmer than the air" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy
TIMSS_2011_8_pg25	Twins are born. One is a boy and one is a girl. Which statement is correct about their genetic makeup?	{ "text": [ "The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the father only.", "The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the mother only.", "The boy and girl inherit genetic material from both parents.", "The boy inherits genetic material from the father only and the girl inherits it from the mo...	C	ARC-Easy
TIMSS_1995_8_I14	When you bend your arm at the elbow, the bones and muscles in your arm are acting as a system. What simple machine does this system represent?	{ "text": [ "Inclined plane", "Pulley", "Wedge", "Lever" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D	ARC-Easy

Mercury_SC_407065

A student places a pan of water on the stove. What happens to some of the water as it is heated to a boil?

{ "text": [ "It becomes a gas.", "It becomes a solid.", "It gets new atomic bonds.", "It gets destroyed." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

CSZ30768

Which of the following elements is best able to combine with itself and hydrogen [H] to form large molecules?

{ "text": [ "sodium [Na]", "lithium [Li]", "sulfur [S]", "carbon [C]" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7211418

What type of cell passes on mutations?

{ "text": [ "skin cell", "nerve cell", "red blood cell", "egg cell" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Mercury_SC_401803

What happens to colored sugar when it is added to water?

{ "text": [ "The sugar reacts and colors the water.", "The sugar becomes white and the water changes color.", "The sugar evaporates and the water changes color.", "The sugar dissolves and colors the water." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7217980

What instrument should be used to monitor atmospheric pressure changes as a weather system approaches?

{ "text": [ "psychrometer", "thermometer", "anemometer", "barometer" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

NYSEDREGENTS_2015_4_30

Which human activity will help conserve Earth's natural resources?

{ "text": [ "leaving the television on all day", "recycling plastic bottles", "cutting down trees", "burning trash in the yard" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7015925

Which of these is most likely to create large areas of land subsidence?

{ "text": [ "eruptions of volcanoes", "extraction of ground water", "global warming", "greenhouse effect" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7245578

According to the endosymbiotic theory, the outer membrane of the chloroplast originated from which organelle?

{ "text": [ "the lysosome of an engulfed prokaryotic cell", "the chloroplast of an engulfed prokaryotic cell", "the cell membrane of an eukaryotic host cell", "the chloroplast of an eukaryotic host cell" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7212940

Two characteristics of the Nevada climate are low humidity and abundant sunshine. This combination of characteristics most likely results in

{ "text": [ "low altitude fog.", "rapid evaporation.", "high elevation snowfall.", "frequent thunderstorms." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7222670

Structures in the universe are grouped into large systems, each of which are made up of smaller systems. Which of the following is the largest system of which Earth is only a very small part?

{ "text": [ "Jovian planets", "Halley's comet", "Milky Way galaxy", "Orion's belt" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

MCAS_2004_5_32

Energy appears in many forms. What form of energy is lightning?

{ "text": [ "electrical energy", "mechanical energy", "magnetic energy", "sound energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7043873

What happens to a moist air mass as it moves upward in the atmosphere?

{ "text": [ "It becomes warmer and forms clouds.", "It becomes cooler and forms clouds.", "Its temperature remains the same.", "Its temperature varies greatly." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

Mercury_SC_LBS10680

What allows a light bulb to give off light?

{ "text": [ "the current flowing through the wire to the light bulb", "the light bulb giving electrical energy to the battery", "the light bulb generating heat energy", "the battery pushing light through the wire" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_43

Which type of energy is transferred from one object to another by simple machines?

{ "text": [ "mechanical", "chemical", "nuclear", "electrical" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

1

ARC-Easy

Mercury_177188

The smallest particle of matter that can be identified as an element is called

{ "text": [ "an atom.", "a proton.", "an electron.", "a molecule." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

AKDE&ED_2008_8_38

Which tool, when properly used, would best help a student classify a basket of apples into groups based on mass?

{ "text": [ "balance", "thermometer", "meter stick", "graduated cylinder" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7215478

Some dairy farmers want their cows to produce greater amounts of milk than average cows. Which process will help the dairy farmers develop cows with this trait?

{ "text": [ "selective breeding", "behavioral modification", "ecological succession", "geographical isolation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7007683

Which parts of an atom are reactive during a chemical process?

{ "text": [ "electrons", "protons", "neutrons", "molecules" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7160528

Energy is absorbed and released through endothermic and exothermic processes. Which is an example of an exothermic process?

{ "text": [ "ice melting", "ice sublimating", "water evaporating", "water freezing" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7124355

Which characteristic would a scientist most likely maintain throughout an investigation?

{ "text": [ "being open to new ideas", "sharing limited research", "focus on completing research first", "focus on formulating conclusions" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7183523

The growing human population has many practices that adversely impact the environment. Acid rain is one example of environmental damage that is related to human activities. Which human activity is most likely the largest contributor to acid rain?

{ "text": [ "burning fossil fuels in power plants", "using pesticides on agricultural crops", "dumping waste matter into ocean waters", "clearing native forests for industrialization" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

LEAP_2003_8_10393

The process of cellular respiration occurs in

{ "text": [ "both plant and animal cells.", "plant cells only.", "animal cells only.", "neither plant nor animal cells." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

NYSEDREGENTS_2013_8_8

Humans are protected from some infections by specialized cells which produce chemicals that

{ "text": [ "destroy microbes", "recycle nutrients", "allow locomotion", "coordinate movement" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

1

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7251003

Which information does a student need to differentiate between the speed and the velocity of a vehicle in motion?

{ "text": [ "the rate of the motion", "the direction of the motion", "the change in the amount of motion", "the amount of distance traveled during motion" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

TIMSS_2007_8_pg130

Where is most fresh (non-salty) water on Earth located?

{ "text": [ "oceans", "rivers", "lakes", "polar ice caps" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Mercury_SC_400526

The water cycle includes which processes?

{ "text": [ "evaporation, condensation, precipitation", "metamorphosis, evaporation, respiration", "precipitation, perspiration, mitosis", "fixation, decomposition, respiration" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

MEA_2014_5_15

Which type of organism is made of one cell?

{ "text": [ "trees", "bacteria", "fern", "fish" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

MCAS_2011_8_17685

Human activity most likely contributes to which of the following changes on Earth?

{ "text": [ "an increase in the length of a day", "a decrease in the number of volcanic eruptions", "a decrease in the magnitude of large earthquakes", "an increase in the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

NYSEDREGENTS_2008_8_26

Studies of earthquake waves have helped scientists determine the

{ "text": [ "structure of Earth's interior", "depth of the oceans", "cause of dinosaur extinction", "age of Earth" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

1

ARC-Easy

MEA_2016_8_19

In what unit of time does Earth orbit the Sun?

{ "text": [ "day", "month", "year", "century" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

MEA_2014_5_3

What happens when a warm object is put inside a cooler object?

{ "text": [ "The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.", "The warm object gains energy and the cool object loses energy so that both objects stay at different temperatures.", "The warm object loses energy and the cool object gains en...

C

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7034895

One difference between a chemical formula and a chemical equation is that the chemical equation shows

{ "text": [ "abbreviations for each element.", "the number of atoms per element.", "what elements are in each molecule.", "the chemical reaction that takes place." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

MCAS_2004_8_35

Which of the following planets has the shortest orbit around the Sun?

{ "text": [ "Earth", "Mars", "Mercury", "Venus" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

Mercury_SC_406663

A student plans to write a report about a type of bird that includes only facts. Which statement should the student leave out of the report?

{ "text": [ "These birds are blue.", "These birds are beautiful.", "Most of these birds are 13 cm tall.", "Most of these birds are about 10 grams." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7017885

The motion of atoms and molecules in a substance is

{ "text": [ "thermal energy.", "chemical energy.", "mechanical energy.", "electromagnetic energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7072625

The human brain is an organ that is made up of many tissues. This information can be used to determine that the brain is

{ "text": [ "unicellular.", "multicellular.", "part of a bacterial colony.", "able to function independently." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

Mercury_SC_400125

The shape of a riverbed changes over time as a result of which gradual process?

{ "text": [ "erosion", "dissolving", "plate shifting", "compaction" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Mercury_SC_406653

What is one function of tree roots?

{ "text": [ "to absorb sunlight", "to absorb water", "to make seeds", "to make food" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7217228

Which of the following will always produce a magnetic force on a nearby iron nail?

{ "text": [ "a long piece of copper wire", "a large static electric charge", "an electric current", "an electric field" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

TIMSS_2003_8_pg18

One of the main causes of acid rain is

{ "text": [ "Waste from nuclear power plants", "Spills from chemical manufacturing plants", "Gases from burning fossil fuels", "Gases from aerosol spray cans" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7212503

Sir Isaac Newton stated that every object in the universe attracts matter. The attraction depends on the mass of an object and the distance between the objects. What type of force did Newton describe?

{ "text": [ "centripetal force", "generalized force", "centrifugal force", "gravitational force" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7217875

Water vapor sometimes condenses into stratus clouds that are in contact with the ground. What forms as a result of this process?

{ "text": [ "ozone", "methane", "fog", "smoke" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7210105

A student records the temperature in the schoolyard every day for a month. Which is the best way to present the temperature data so each day can be compared?

{ "text": [ "summary paragraph", "labeled diagram", "pie chart", "bar graph" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Mercury_SC_402074

When entire communities in an ecosystem change over time, it is known as

{ "text": [ "migration.", "extinction.", "overpopulation.", "ecological succession." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Mercury_SC_LBS10344

How does the presence of organic matter contribute to good soil?

{ "text": [ "It adds nutrients to the soil.", "It helps the soil to dry out.", "It keeps the soil cool.", "It destroys bacteria in the soil." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7240923

Which statement describes the most likely effect of transformation on bacteria such as E. coli?

{ "text": [ "Transformed bacteria express a new protein product.", "Transformed bacteria have multiple chromosomes.", "Transformed bacteria reproduce more quickly.", "Transformed bacteria become a new species." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7221393

Which substance is composed of only one type of atom?

{ "text": [ "water", "gold", "salt", "sugar" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

Mercury_SC_401264

The vertical axis on a graph is the y-axis. What is most likely placed along the y-axis?

{ "text": [ "element symbols", "negative numbers", "dependent variables", "independent variables" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7228200

Ribosomes present in a particular cell are smaller than those found in plants. In which taxonomic group or groups could the cell be classified?

{ "text": [ "fungi only", "archaea only", "bacteria or archaea", "bacteria or fungi" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7077490

Which is needed to determine the amount of gravitational force between two objects?

{ "text": [ "weight and time", "distance and mass", "volume and mass", "area and weight" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

Mercury_405777

What is the most important property architects must consider when selecting materials for the walls, ceilings, and floors for a new concert hall?

{ "text": [ "thermal properties", "chemical properties", "electrical properties", "acoustical properties" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7198993

Gel electrophoresis is a technology which allows researchers to reliably separate and sort DNA fragments. This technology is most useful for which application?

{ "text": [ "selective breeding", "medical gene repair", "genetic engineering", "cell metabolism analysis" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7217718

In the 1970s, the pesticide DDT was used to kill insects that damaged fruit and vegetable crops. Most insects died from being exposed to DDT, but some survived. These surviving insects contributed to an increase in their population by

{ "text": [ "migrating to habitats that had different types of crops.", "learning how to avoid being exposed to DDT.", "passing the gene for DDT resistance to their offspring.", "competing with other types of insects for food." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

Mercury_SC_401403

Animals and plants need oxygen to live. Oxygen is released in photosynthesis. Which cycle includes photosynthesis?

{ "text": [ "the carbon cycle", "the nitrogen cycle", "the water cycle", "the rock cycle" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Mercury_SC_415584

A class measures the time it takes for two different trucks to drive across the parking lot. How can they tell which truck is faster?

{ "text": [ "The truck that starts moving first is faster.", "The truck that takes less time is faster.", "The truck that has bigger tires is faster.", "The truck that takes more time is faster." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7267838

Which of the following is most necessary for life to develop on another planet?

{ "text": [ "liquid water", "rocky surfaces", "warm soil", "atmospheric oxygen" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7004988

How are igneous and sedimentary rocks similar?

{ "text": [ "They are both formed by erosion.", "They are both formed from cooled lava.", "Heat and pressure can turn them into lava.", "Heat and pressure can turn them into metamorphic rock." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Mercury_SC_402094

The area of a small ocean island is slowly shrinking. This is most likely the result of which occurrence?

{ "text": [ "plant growth", "beach erosion", "dissolving rock", "falling water" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

MCAS_2004_5_22

An earthworm was placed on top of a thick layer of moist topsoil in a pan. The pan was placed in a room with the lights on. How did the earthworm most likely respond to these conditions?

{ "text": [ "by burrowing under the soil", "by crawling around in the pan", "by staying where it was placed", "by trying to crawl out of the pan" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

MCAS_1998_4_7

7. What is the cause of most earthquakes?

{ "text": [ "the rotation of Earth", "the direction of the wind", "the pull of Earth's gravity", "the movement of plates on Earth's crust" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7207183

Sandstone and all other types of sedimentary rock are made up of particles. The source materials of these particles consist of

{ "text": [ "fragments that broke off of older rocks.", "magma that cooled deep below a volcano.", "gases that condensed in the atmosphere.", "vegetation that decayed in thick layers." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7236495

Scientists theorize that the original atmosphere of Earth was stripped away by the solar wind shortly after the formation of the planet. The Jovian planets are far enough from the Sun that the solar wind has less of an impact. Studies of the Jovian planets suggest the early atmosphere of Earth was mainly composed of wh...

{ "text": [ "oxygen and argon", "hydrogen and helium", "carbon dioxide and nitrogen", "sulfur dioxide and water vapor" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7223948

Which material has the least resistance to the flow of electricity?

{ "text": [ "rubber", "aluminum", "granite", "wood" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

Mercury_191503

What is the primary function of white blood cells in humans?

{ "text": [ "carry oxygen", "fight disease", "grow tissues", "remove waste" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

MCAS_2005_5_22

What happens to the path of a light ray as it passes from air into water at an angle?

{ "text": [ "Its path widens.", "Its path bends.", "Its path becomes shorter.", "Its path continues in a straight line." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7263428

Which are replenished more quickly than they are used?

{ "text": [ "energy resources", "material resources", "renewable resources", "nonrenewable resources" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7179865

The Hubble Space Telescope is a telescope that NASA launched into space in 1990. Scientists most likely prefer to use the Hubble Space Telescope instead of a land-based telescope because it provides better accuracy at

{ "text": [ "predicting solar eclipses.", "investigating faraway galaxies.", "investigating the size of Venus.", "predicting the phases of the Moon." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

Mercury_SC_400843

Which material is attracted to a magnet?

{ "text": [ "iron", "wood", "plastic", "ice" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

LEAP__7_10345

What is the main reason humans need nitrogen to survive?

{ "text": [ "Nitrogen is used in respiration to generate energy.", "Nitrogen is used in making the proteins in the body.", "Nitrogen is used to help the body eliminate wastes.", "Nitrogen is used by nerve cells to conduct impulses." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

VASoL_2010_3_20

Having dry, hot weather for a long time can cause a

{ "text": [ "drought", "thunderstorm", "tornado", "flood" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7122850

After a star runs out of most of its hydrogen fuel, it becomes hotter and more luminous. What stage does this represent in the life cycle of a star?

{ "text": [ "quasar", "protostar", "red giant", "white dwarf" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7018498

Beakers and graduated cylinders are designed to measure

{ "text": [ "mass.", "density.", "volume.", "viscosity." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

TIMSS_2003_8_pg99

Animals and plants are made up of a number of different chemical elements. What happens to all of these elements when animals and plants die?

{ "text": [ "They die with the animal or plant.", "They evaporate into the atmosphere.", "They are recycled back into the environment.", "They change into different elements." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

Mercury_SC_LBS10177

Earthquakes are vibrations of Earth's crust. What device is used to measure the size of an earthquake?

{ "text": [ "barometer", "Doppler radar", "depth scale", "seismograph" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

AKDE&ED_2008_8_50

Which statement best describes how energy transfer within Earth's atmosphere can affect a weather condition?

{ "text": [ "During radiation, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the air temperature.", "During radiation, electromagnetic waves transfer heat and light energy which affects the air temperature.", "During convection, objects directly transfer heat to each other which affects the a...

B

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7068705

Some plants need to be in an environment where water drains easily. Which type of soil content will best benefit these plants?

{ "text": [ "sand", "shale", "clay", "silt" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

LEAP__4_10228

On a field trip in a wooded area, you see a small, strange object. You wonder whether it is a live animal. The best way to find out is to observe the object to see if it

{ "text": [ "has an odor.", "has separate parts.", "can make a noise and has a lifelike color.", "carries out basic life functions." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Mercury_SC_405881

Recycling is important to the environment because it

{ "text": [ "is a good way to earn money.", "produces more carbon dioxide for plants.", "decreases the amount of natural resources.", "is a way of conserving nonrenewable resources." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7141785

Which calculation is used to determine acceleration?

{ "text": [ "divide change in velocity by change in time", "multiply average velocity by change in time", "divide average velocity by mass", "multiply change in velocity by distance traveled" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

MCAS_2009_5_6511

A student hears the sound of a bell. Which of the following carries the sound of the bell to the student?

{ "text": [ "electrical currents", "magnetic signals", "radio waves", "vibrating air" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Mercury_416374

Which surgery is most like the way a transgenic organism is made?

{ "text": [ "Adelle receives an artificial hip to ease her arthritis.", "Kwan receives a pacemaker to regulate his heartbeat.", "Hector receives a replacement heart valve from a cow.", "Denise receives a kidney donated by her identical twin." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7163328

In a forest ecosystem, the squirrels eat seeds from trees. The squirrels are then eaten by hawks, owls, and foxes. If there were no more owls present in this ecosystem, which would most likely happen in the forest?

{ "text": [ "The squirrel population would increase.", "The hawk population would decrease.", "The fox population would decrease.", "The tree population would increase." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Mercury_SC_LBS10390

A cold-blooded vertebrate with smooth skin belongs to what class of animals?

{ "text": [ "reptile", "fish", "amphibian", "mammal" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

ACTAAP_2013_7_13

Xylem cells have very thick walls. They make up most of a tree trunk and its branches. What system in vertebrates provides the same function as the xylem cells in a tree?

{ "text": [ "the skeletal system", "the endocrine system", "the respiratory system", "the integumentary system" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

NYSEDREGENTS_2012_4_17

Which characteristic helps some animals defend themselves against predators?

{ "text": [ "strong odor", "poor hearing", "weak eyesight", "shivering" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7239138

The complex, three-dimensional structure of a protein is sensitive to heat because the structure is maintained by

{ "text": [ "hydrogen bonds.", "covalent bonds.", "Brownian motion.", "magnetic fields." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

TIMSS_2003_8_pg19

When chlorine gas reacts with sodium metal, what type of substance is formed?

{ "text": [ "A mixture", "A compound", "An element", "An alloy", "A solution" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D", "E" ] }

B

ARC-Easy

NCEOGA_2013_5_24

After a rain, a puddle of water remains on a sidewalk. After a day of sunshine, the puddle is gone. Which process is most responsible for the disappearance of the puddle?

{ "text": [ "precipitation", "transpiration", "evaporation", "condensation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

MCAS_2004_5_8

When an electric fan is running, most of the incoming electrical energy changes into which kind of energy?

{ "text": [ "heat energy", "light energy", "mechanical energy", "sound energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7168350

Cells need nutrients for energy. Which system is responsible for breaking down food to provide cellular energy?

{ "text": [ "digestive", "excretory", "circulatory", "respiratory" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

Mercury_SC_LBS10579

Scientists today understand how forces work due to Isaac Newton's study of

{ "text": [ "electricity.", "magnetism.", "atoms.", "gravity." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7223090

A student uses clay to construct a model of Earth. Which layer of the model should be the thinnest layer?

{ "text": [ "the layer representing the mantle", "the layer representing the outer core", "the layer representing the inner core", "the layer representing the crust" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

CSZ_2005_5_CSZ10247

Which of the following is broken down in the body to release energy?

{ "text": [ "sugar.", "water.", "salt.", "oxygen." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ARC-Easy

NYSEDREGENTS_2015_8_5

Which process is responsible for the growth and repair of human tissue?

{ "text": [ "evolution", "germination", "cell division", "natural selection" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

3

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7179340

Coal, oil, and natural gas have high potential energies, which makes them valuable energy resources. In order to benefit from the energy available in these fossil fuels, the potential energy is converted most directly into which type of energy?

{ "text": [ "chemical", "electrical", "solar", "thermal" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

Mercury_7057243

A student mixes salt and water in a beaker to form a solution. What properties of the substances would allow the student to then separate the components?

{ "text": [ "densities", "particle sizes", "boiling points", "electrical conductivity" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

ARC-Easy

TIMSS_2007_8_pg77

Which of the following is caused by a virus?

{ "text": [ "ulcer", "malaria", "tuberculosis", "influenza" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

NAEP_2009_4_S7+6

A thermometer shows that the outside air temperature is colder than the temperature at which water turns to ice. However, ice on the sidewalk melts. What probably caused this?

{ "text": [ "The air heating the sidewalk", "The sidewalk reflecting sunlight into the air", "The wind causing the ice on the sidewalk to melt", "The sunlight making the sidewalk warmer than the air" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy

TIMSS_2011_8_pg25

Twins are born. One is a boy and one is a girl. Which statement is correct about their genetic makeup?

{ "text": [ "The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the father only.", "The boy and girl inherit genetic material from the mother only.", "The boy and girl inherit genetic material from both parents.", "The boy inherits genetic material from the father only and the girl inherits it from the mo...

C

ARC-Easy

TIMSS_1995_8_I14

When you bend your arm at the elbow, the bones and muscles in your arm are acting as a system. What simple machine does this system represent?

{ "text": [ "Inclined plane", "Pulley", "Wedge", "Lever" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ARC-Easy