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a predator avoiding some types of prey is a learned behavior
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if an animal is eaten by other animals , then the animal will be the prey
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if an animal eats other animals for food , then the animal will be the predator
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in sexual reproduction sperm is a vehicle for the genes from the father to the offspring
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genes are similar to genetic material
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sexual reproduction produces offspring with genetic material from both parents
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genes determine the traits for the living things
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in sexual reproduction the egg is a vehicle for the genes from the mother to the offspring
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humans are a kind of organism
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traits can be determined by one pair / many pairs of genes in an organism
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different species of organisms have different inherited characteristics
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tigers and household cats are different species
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genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing
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the size of an organism is an inherited characteristic
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a snake is a kind of animal
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a lizard is a kind of animal
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different kinds of animal belong to different type of species
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species is an inherited characteristic
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genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing
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toad is a kind of animal
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blood type is an inherited characteristic
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a human is a kind of animal
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alleles can determine the inherited characteristics of animals
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translation is when genetic information flows from rna to proteins
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in the central dogma of molecular biology , translation follows transcription
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transcription is when genetic information flows from dna to rna
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a nucleotide is a kind of basic unit of genetic information
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guanine is a kind of nitrogenous base in dna / rna
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a nucleotide contains one nitrogenous base
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nucleotide is a kind of repeating unit in dna
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nucleotide is a kind of monomer
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dna is a kind of molecule
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rna often are made of one sequence of nucleotides
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nucleotide is a kind of repeating unit in dna and rna
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dna are made of two sequences of nucleotides linked together
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a plant is a kind of organism
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tall height is a dominant trait in pea plants
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short height is a recessive trait in pea plants
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crossing a pure dominant organism with a pure recessive organism causes all their offspring to be heterozygous dominant
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offspring plants have pink flowers
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parent plants have red flower and white flower
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pink is a combination of red and white
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red is a kind of color
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incomplete dominance is when offspring exhibit a combination of a property caused by the genes of its parents
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the colors of parts of an organism are inherited characteristics
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white is a kind of color
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crossing two living things with recessive traits causes their offspring to have that recessive trait
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pea plants are a kind of living thing
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short height is a recessive trait in pea plants
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an animal is a kind of living thing
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the growth of antler is an inherited characteristic
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white tailed deer is a kind of living thing
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antlers are usually part of animals
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genes are able to determine the inherited characteristics of a living thing
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a homozygous recessive organism contains only recessive genes
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crossing two heterozygous dominant organisms causes their offspring to be homozygous recessive of 25% probability
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a heterozygous organism contains one dominant gene and one recessive gene
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if only recessive genes are present , then the recessive trait will be visible / expressed
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a tay-sachs disease carrier have one dominant and one recessive tay-sachs gene
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one parent is heterozygous dominant in earlobe
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the other parent is homozygous recessive in earlobe
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an attached earlobe is a recessive trait in human
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a homozygous recessive organism contains only recessive genes
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crossing a heterozygous dominant organism with a homozygous recessive organism causes their offspring to be homozygous recessive of 50% probability
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if both recessive genes are present , then the recessive trait will be visible / expressed
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a heterozygous black (bb) mouse is crossed with homozygous black mouse (bb)
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bb means heterozygous dominant
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bb means homozygous dominant
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if a heterozygous dominant organism is crossed homozygous dominant organism , then the offspring will have a 0% probability of having recessive trait
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brown fur is a recessive trait in mouse
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short height is usually a recessive trait in plants
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a plant is a kind of living thing
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crossing two living things with recessive traits causes their offspring to have that recessive trait
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two short plants are crossed
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crossing two living things with recessive traits causes their offspring to have that recessive trait
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white flower is a recessive trait in snapdragon plant
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rr means the plant has pure recessive trait
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if pure dominant organism is crossed a pure recessive organism , then the offspring will have a 100% probability of being heterozygous dominant
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rr means the plant has pure dominant trait
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a red flowered plant (rr) is crossed with a white flowered plant (rr)
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red flower is a dominant trait in some plant
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red eye is a dominant trait in fruit flies
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sepia eye is a recessive trait in fruit flies
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if a recessive trait is expressed, then the organism only contains recessive genes for that trait
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if an offspring has a recessive trait , then each parent has at least one recessive gene
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the male fruit fly has dominant red eyes
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a fruit fly is a kind of organism
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the dominant red eye male fruit fly is one of the parents
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if an organism has dominant trait and one recessive gene for that trait, then the organism contains both dominant and recessive genes
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a red eye fruit fly crossed with sepia eye fruit fly produces offspring with sepia eye
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parents produces offspring
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a heterozygous organism contains both dominant and recessive genes
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a homozygous recessive organism contains only recessive genes
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the female fruit fly has recessive sepia eyes
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one in four is the same as 25%
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each parent carries one sickle cell allele
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sickle cell anemia is a recessive trait in human
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if a heterozygous dominant organism is crossed with a heterozygous dominant organism , then the offspring will have a 25% probability of being homozygous recessive
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homozygous recessive organisms will show the recessive trait
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heterozygous dominant organisms have one dominant gene and one recessive gene
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