sid-th26/mains_question · Datasets at Hugging Face

What do you understand by Citizen Charter? What are the challenges in its effective implementation? What can be done for its effective implementation?(200 Words

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##Question:What do you understand by Citizen Charter? What are the challenges in its effective implementation? What can be done for its effective implementation?(200 Words ##Answer:,

28,685

What do you understand by Governance, Good Governance and Ethical Governance?

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##Question:What do you understand by Governance, Good Governance and Ethical Governance?##Answer:,

28,686

Discuss the importance of Good Governance in Indian context.

,

##Question:Discuss the importance of Good Governance in Indian context.##Answer:,

28,687

Write Short note on the following – (50 words) 1. Equity 2. Ethos 3. Public Service

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##Question:Write Short note on the following – (50 words) 1. Equity 2. Ethos 3. Public Service##Answer:,

28,688

What are the principles that must be taken into consideration while drawing up a Citizen Charter?(150words/ 10 marks)

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##Question:What are the principles that must be taken into consideration while drawing up a Citizen Charter?(150words/ 10 marks)##Answer:,

28,689

Discuss the importance of Citizen Charter in service delivery.

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##Question:Discuss the importance of Citizen Charter in service delivery.##Answer:,

28,690

Write a note on SEVOTTAM Model of service delivery. (150 words)

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##Question:Write a note on SEVOTTAM Model of service delivery. (150 words)##Answer:,

28,691

What do you understand by Citizen Charter? Discuss the issues associated with the effective implementation of the Citizen"s Charter in India. Suggest measures for its effective implementation. (250 words/15 Marks)

Approach: (a) explain what is citizencharter (b) highlight the challenges (c) bring a way forward for addressing the challenges. Conclusion- A reference to sevottam and citizen centric government can be Given. ANSWER The Citizen’s Charter is an instrument which seeks to make an organization transparent, accountable and citizen-friendly. A Citizen’s Charter is basically a set of commitments made by an organization regarding the standards of service which it delivers. Every Citizen’s Charter has several essential components to make it meaningful: (a) The Vision and Mission Statement of the organization. This gives the outcomes desired and the broad strategy to achieve these goals and outcomes. This also makes the user aware of the intent of their service provider and helps in holding the organization accountable. (b) The organization must clearly state in its Citizen’s Charter what subject it deals with and the service areas it broadly covers. This helps the user to understand the type of services they can expect from a particular service provider (c) The Citizen’s Charter should also stipulate the responsibilities of the citizens in the context of the Charter. The commitments/promises at (a) and (b) constitute the heart of a Citizen’s Charter. Even though these promises are not enforceable in a court of law, each organization should ensure that the promises made are kept and, in case of default, a suitable compensatory/remedial mechanism should be provided. Problems with citizen charter 1. Poor design and content : Most organizations do not have adequate capability to draft meaningful and succinct Citizens’ Charter. Most Citizens’ Charters drafted by government agencies are not designed well. Critical information that end-users need to hold agencies accountable are simply missing from a large number of charters. Thus, the Citizens’ Charter programme has not succeeded in appreciably empowering end-users to demand greater public accountability. 2. Lack of public awareness: While a large number of public service providers have implemented the Citizens’ Charter, only a small percentage of end-users are aware of the commitments made in the Citizens’ Charter. Effective efforts of communicating and educating the public about the standards of delivery promise have not been undertaken. 3 . Inadequate groundwork: Government agencies often formulate Citizens’ Charters without undertaking adequate groundwork in terms of assessing and reforming its processes to deliver the promises made in the Charter. 4 Charters are rarely updated: Charters reviewed for this report rarely showed signs of being updated even though some documents date back from the inception of the Citizens’ Charter programme nearly a decade ago. Only 6% of Charters reviewed even make the assurance that the document will be updated sometime after release. In addition, few Charters indicate the date of release. Needless to say, the presence of a publication date assures end-users of the validity of a Charter’s contents. 5. End-users and NGOs are not consulted when Charters are drafted: Civil society organizations and end-users are generally not consulted when Charters are being formulated. Since a Citizens’ Charter’s primary purpose is to make public service delivery more citizen-centric, agencies must investigate the needs of end-users when formulating Charters by consulting with ordinary citizens and civil society organizations. 6. The needs of senior citizens and the disabled are not considered when drafting Charters : Just one Charter reviewed for this report assured equitable access to disabled users or senior citizens. Many agencies actually do cater to the needs of the disadvantaged or elderly but do not mention these services in their charter. 7 . Resistance to change : The new practices demand significant changes in the behaviour and attitude of the agency and its staff towards citizens. At times, vested interests work for stalling the Citizens’ Charter altogether or in making it toothless. Recommendation Citizen’s Charters should be made effective by adopting the following principles: i. One size does not fit all. ii. Citizen’s Charter should be prepared for each independent unit under the overall umbrella of the organization’s charter iii. Wide consultation which includes civil society in the process iv. Firm commitments to be made v. Internal process and structure should be reformed to meet the commitments given in the Charter vi. Redress mechanism is a case of default vii. Periodic evaluation of Citizen’s Charters viii. Benchmark using end-user feedback ix. Hold officers accountable for results The ARC Seven Step Model for Citizen Centricity a. Define all the services which you provide and identify your clients b. Set standards and norms for each service c. Develop the capability to meet the set standards d. Perform to achieve the standards e. Monitor performance against the set standards. f. Evaluate the impact through an independent mechanism g. Continuous improvement based on monitoring and evaluation of results Citizen charter is a way to effectively deliver services. Effective implementation of the citizen charter and sevottam model is few of Government effort to make government citizen-centric and ensure Good governance is delivered.

##Question:What do you understand by Citizen Charter? Discuss the issues associated with the effective implementation of the Citizen"s Charter in India. Suggest measures for its effective implementation. (250 words/15 Marks)##Answer:Approach: (a) explain what is citizencharter (b) highlight the challenges (c) bring a way forward for addressing the challenges. Conclusion- A reference to sevottam and citizen centric government can be Given. ANSWER The Citizen’s Charter is an instrument which seeks to make an organization transparent, accountable and citizen-friendly. A Citizen’s Charter is basically a set of commitments made by an organization regarding the standards of service which it delivers. Every Citizen’s Charter has several essential components to make it meaningful: (a) The Vision and Mission Statement of the organization. This gives the outcomes desired and the broad strategy to achieve these goals and outcomes. This also makes the user aware of the intent of their service provider and helps in holding the organization accountable. (b) The organization must clearly state in its Citizen’s Charter what subject it deals with and the service areas it broadly covers. This helps the user to understand the type of services they can expect from a particular service provider (c) The Citizen’s Charter should also stipulate the responsibilities of the citizens in the context of the Charter. The commitments/promises at (a) and (b) constitute the heart of a Citizen’s Charter. Even though these promises are not enforceable in a court of law, each organization should ensure that the promises made are kept and, in case of default, a suitable compensatory/remedial mechanism should be provided. Problems with citizen charter 1. Poor design and content : Most organizations do not have adequate capability to draft meaningful and succinct Citizens’ Charter. Most Citizens’ Charters drafted by government agencies are not designed well. Critical information that end-users need to hold agencies accountable are simply missing from a large number of charters. Thus, the Citizens’ Charter programme has not succeeded in appreciably empowering end-users to demand greater public accountability. 2. Lack of public awareness: While a large number of public service providers have implemented the Citizens’ Charter, only a small percentage of end-users are aware of the commitments made in the Citizens’ Charter. Effective efforts of communicating and educating the public about the standards of delivery promise have not been undertaken. 3 . Inadequate groundwork: Government agencies often formulate Citizens’ Charters without undertaking adequate groundwork in terms of assessing and reforming its processes to deliver the promises made in the Charter. 4 Charters are rarely updated: Charters reviewed for this report rarely showed signs of being updated even though some documents date back from the inception of the Citizens’ Charter programme nearly a decade ago. Only 6% of Charters reviewed even make the assurance that the document will be updated sometime after release. In addition, few Charters indicate the date of release. Needless to say, the presence of a publication date assures end-users of the validity of a Charter’s contents. 5. End-users and NGOs are not consulted when Charters are drafted: Civil society organizations and end-users are generally not consulted when Charters are being formulated. Since a Citizens’ Charter’s primary purpose is to make public service delivery more citizen-centric, agencies must investigate the needs of end-users when formulating Charters by consulting with ordinary citizens and civil society organizations. 6. The needs of senior citizens and the disabled are not considered when drafting Charters : Just one Charter reviewed for this report assured equitable access to disabled users or senior citizens. Many agencies actually do cater to the needs of the disadvantaged or elderly but do not mention these services in their charter. 7 . Resistance to change : The new practices demand significant changes in the behaviour and attitude of the agency and its staff towards citizens. At times, vested interests work for stalling the Citizens’ Charter altogether or in making it toothless. Recommendation Citizen’s Charters should be made effective by adopting the following principles: i. One size does not fit all. ii. Citizen’s Charter should be prepared for each independent unit under the overall umbrella of the organization’s charter iii. Wide consultation which includes civil society in the process iv. Firm commitments to be made v. Internal process and structure should be reformed to meet the commitments given in the Charter vi. Redress mechanism is a case of default vii. Periodic evaluation of Citizen’s Charters viii. Benchmark using end-user feedback ix. Hold officers accountable for results The ARC Seven Step Model for Citizen Centricity a. Define all the services which you provide and identify your clients b. Set standards and norms for each service c. Develop the capability to meet the set standards d. Perform to achieve the standards e. Monitor performance against the set standards. f. Evaluate the impact through an independent mechanism g. Continuous improvement based on monitoring and evaluation of results Citizen charter is a way to effectively deliver services. Effective implementation of the citizen charter and sevottam model is few of Government effort to make government citizen-centric and ensure Good governance is delivered.

28,692

What do you understand by Governance, Good Governance and Ethical Governance?

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##Question:What do you understand by Governance, Good Governance and Ethical Governance?##Answer:,

28,693

Discuss the importance of Good Governance in Indian context. Also enumerate the recent initiatives taken in this regard. ( 250 words)

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##Question:Discuss the importance of Good Governance in Indian context. Also enumerate the recent initiatives taken in this regard. ( 250 words)##Answer:,

28,694

Write Short note on the following – (50 words) 1. Equity 2. Ethos 3. Public Service

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##Question:Write Short note on the following – (50 words) 1. Equity 2. Ethos 3. Public Service##Answer:,

28,695

What are the principles that must be taken into consideration while drawing up a Citizen Charter? (150 words/10 marks)

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##Question:What are the principles that must be taken into consideration while drawing up a Citizen Charter? (150 words/10 marks)##Answer:,

28,696

What are the components of citizen charter? Discuss the importance of Citizen Charter in service delivery. (150 words/10 marks)

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##Question:What are the components of citizen charter? Discuss the importance of Citizen Charter in service delivery. (150 words/10 marks)##Answer:,

28,697

Write a note on SEVOTTAM Model of service delivery.

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##Question:Write a note on SEVOTTAM Model of service delivery.##Answer:,

28,698

Discuss the features of Stupas of the Mauryan period highlighting the doctrines of Buddhism. (10 marks|

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##Question:Discuss the features of Stupas of the Mauryan period highlighting the doctrines of Buddhism. (10 marks|##Answer:,

28,699

Why the Anti- Vedic movement started in the later Vedic period? What is its significance

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##Question:Why the Anti- Vedic movement started in the later Vedic period? What is its significance##Answer:.

28,700

Discuss the features of pottery of the Mauryan period. How is it distinct from the earlier pottery techniques

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##Question:Discuss the features of pottery of the Mauryan period. How is it distinct from the earlier pottery techniques##Answer:,

28,701

स्थायी बंदोबस्त ने कंपनी को लाभ ही नहीं था ,अपितु हानी भी थी| विशलेषण कीजिये

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##Question:स्थायी बंदोबस्त ने कंपनी को लाभ ही नहीं था ,अपितु हानी भी थी| विशलेषण कीजिये##Answer:,

28,702

डलहोजी ने भारत के मानचित्र को इस प्गति एवं पूर्णता से परवर्तित किया जो किसी सैन्य अभियान से संभव न था|

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##Question:डलहोजी ने भारत के मानचित्र को इस प्गति एवं पूर्णता से परवर्तित किया जो किसी सैन्य अभियान से संभव न था|##Answer:,

28,703

What are the functions of public debt management cell? Why there is a need of public debt management agency in India?(200 words|

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##Question:What are the functions of public debt management cell? Why there is a need of public debt management agency in India?(200 words|##Answer:,

28,704

Discuss the tools of credit control used by RBI. (200 word |

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##Question:Discuss the tools of credit control used by RBI. (200 word |##Answer:,

28,705

Write short notes on each of the following: i) Function of RBI as the lender of last resort ii) Total and net demand and time liabilities. (10 Marks/150 Words)

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##Question:Write short notes on each of the following: i) Function of RBI as the lender of last resort ii) Total and net demand and time liabilities. (10 Marks/150 Words)##Answer:,

28,706

Jet streams play a significant role in influencing the weather conditions across the world. Discuss with special reference to the Indian Monsoon. (200 words)

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##Question:Jet streams play a significant role in influencing the weather conditions across the world. Discuss with special reference to the Indian Monsoon. (200 words)##Answer:,

28,707

Discuss the non-monsoonal precipitation pattern of India. (150 words)

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##Question:Discuss the non-monsoonal precipitation pattern of India. (150 words)##Answer:,

28,708

Explain the formation of mantle plume related features. Also discuss the formation of the Deccan lava plateau. (200 words)

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##Question:Explain the formation of mantle plume related features. Also discuss the formation of the Deccan lava plateau. (200 words)##Answer:,

28,711

What is Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)? Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using PPP over the market determined exchange rates. (200 words|

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##Question:What is Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)? Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using PPP over the market determined exchange rates. (200 words|##Answer:,

28,712

Explain the difference between Purchasing Power Parity based exchange rate and Market Determined exchange rate. (150 words|

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##Question:Explain the difference between Purchasing Power Parity based exchange rate and Market Determined exchange rate. (150 words|##Answer:,

28,713

Discuss the role of mythology in development of various classical dance forms in India. (200 words|

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##Question:Discuss the role of mythology in development of various classical dance forms in India. (200 words|##Answer:,

28,715

Write short note on the following- 1) Oddisi dance 2) Mohiniyattam dance (150 words|

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##Question:Write short note on the following- 1) Oddisi dance 2) Mohiniyattam dance (150 words|##Answer:,

28,716

Explain the evolution and significant features of Manipuri dance form. (200words|

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##Question:Explain the evolution and significant features of Manipuri dance form. (200words|##Answer:,

28,717

Differentiate between the features of Kathak dance and Bharatanatyam. (150 words

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##Question:Differentiate between the features of Kathak dance and Bharatanatyam. (150 words##Answer:,

28,718

5 वी अनुसूची के तहत अनुसूचित क्षेत्र किस प्रकार घोषित किया जाता हैं| इसके तहत घोषित आदिवासी सलाहकारी परिषद की संरचना बताएये तथा घोषित अनुसूचित क्षेत्र में राज्यपाल की शक्तियों की भी चर्चा कीजिये|

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##Question:5 वी अनुसूची के तहत अनुसूचित क्षेत्र किस प्रकार घोषित किया जाता हैं| इसके तहत घोषित आदिवासी सलाहकारी परिषद की संरचना बताएये तथा घोषित अनुसूचित क्षेत्र में राज्यपाल की शक्तियों की भी चर्चा कीजिये|##Answer:,

28,719

दिलीप सिंह भूरिया समिति की चर्चा कीजिये तथा वनाधिकार अधिनियम ,2016 के प्रावधानों को सूचीबद्ध कीजिये

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##Question:दिलीप सिंह भूरिया समिति की चर्चा कीजिये तथा वनाधिकार अधिनियम ,2016 के प्रावधानों को सूचीबद्ध कीजिये ##Answer:,

28,720

भारत की “पडोसी प्रथम” नीति के सन्दर्भ में बांग्लादेश के महत्व पर प्रकाश डालें | (200 शब्द

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##Question:भारत की “पडोसी प्रथम” नीति के सन्दर्भ में बांग्लादेश के महत्व पर प्रकाश डालें | (200 शब्द##Answer:,

28,721

भारत- बांग्लादेश के मध्य नदी जल विवाद पर संक्षेप में चर्चा कीजिये |(150-200 शब्द, अंक -10)

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##Question:भारत- बांग्लादेश के मध्य नदी जल विवाद पर संक्षेप में चर्चा कीजिये |(150-200 शब्द, अंक -10)##Answer:,

28,722

उत्तर-पूर्वी भारत के विकास का रास्ता बांग्लादेश से होकर गुजरता है | टिप्पणी | (200 शब्द)

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##Question:उत्तर-पूर्वी भारत के विकास का रास्ता बांग्लादेश से होकर गुजरता है | टिप्पणी | (200 शब्द)##Answer:,

28,723

भारत के संविधान के 100वें संशोधन पर प्रकाश डालें |(200 शब्द)

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##Question:भारत के संविधान के 100वें संशोधन पर प्रकाश डालें |(200 शब्द)##Answer:,

28,724

Explain the doctrine of eclipse in the light of judicial decisions. And discuss its significance. (200 words|

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##Question:Explain the doctrine of eclipse in the light of judicial decisions. And discuss its significance. (200 words|##Answer:,

28,725

Compare and contrast the fundamental and legal rights. (150words|

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##Question:Compare and contrast the fundamental and legal rights. (150words|##Answer:,

28,726

Discuss the significance of fundamental rights. (200words|

,

##Question:Discuss the significance of fundamental rights. (200words|##Answer:,

28,727

Discuss the various causes for poverty in India. How can this problem of poverty be addressed? (200 words

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##Question:Discuss the various causes for poverty in India. How can this problem of poverty be addressed? (200 words##Answer:,

28,728

What were the issues associated with GATT? How is the functioning of WTO as compared to GATT ? (150 words | 10 marks)

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##Question:What were the issues associated with GATT? How is the functioning of WTO as compared to GATT ? (150 words | 10 marks)##Answer:,

28,729

How are development and extremism interlinked? Suggest some developmental efforts that should be taken to address extremism. [200-220 words]

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##Question:How are development and extremism interlinked? Suggest some developmental efforts that should be taken to address extremism. [200-220 words] ##Answer:,

28,730

What do you understand as Left Wing Extremism? What are the aims and objectives of Naxalites? Are Naxalites really the saviours of the poor and downtrodden? [200-220 words]

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##Question:What do you understand as Left Wing Extremism? What are the aims and objectives of Naxalites? Are Naxalites really the saviours of the poor and downtrodden? [200-220 words]##Answer:,

28,731

Write the following essay in 1000-1200 words Fulfilment of ‘New Woman’ in India is a Myth

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##Question:Write the following essay in 1000-1200 words Fulfilment of ‘New Woman’ in India is a Myth##Answer:,

28,732

Fundamental rights can be amended through constitutional amendment act, but very character of constitution cannot be altered. Comment. (200 words|

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##Question:Fundamental rights can be amended through constitutional amendment act, but very character of constitution cannot be altered. Comment. (200 words|##Answer:,

28,733

What do you understand by the concept "Equality before law" under article 14 of the Constitution of India? (150words)

,

##Question:What do you understand by the concept "Equality before law" under article 14 of the Constitution of India? (150words)##Answer:,

28,734

Explain the concept of rule of law. And also discuss principles of law. (150words)

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##Question:Explain the concept of rule of law. And also discuss principles of law. (150words)##Answer:,

28,735

Differentiate between the concept of equality before law and equal protection of law. (150words|

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##Question:Differentiate between the concept of equality before law and equal protection of law. (150words|##Answer:,

28,736

Explain the concept India’s diversity in unity, Illustrate from socio-cultural life of the people

,

##Question:Explain the concept India’s diversity in unity, Illustrate from socio-cultural life of the people##Answer:,

28,737

Linguistic, regional identities rather than religious have been the basis of ethno nationalism in context of India, discus

,

##Question:Linguistic, regional identities rather than religious have been the basis of ethno nationalism in context of India, discus##Answer:,

28,738

Is linguistic diversity is threat to national integration, critically examine

,

##Question:Is linguistic diversity is threat to national integration, critically examine##Answer:,

28,739

To what extent implementation of article 44 is justified given the socio cultural diversity of India

,

##Question:To what extent implementation of article 44 is justified given the socio cultural diversity of India##Answer:,

28,740

How Indian model of secularism is different from the West? Discuss. [200-220 words]

,

##Question:How Indian model of secularism is different from the West? Discuss. [200-220 words] ##Answer:,

28,741

Explain the concept India’s diversity in unity, Illustrate from socio-cultural life of the people.

,

##Question:Explain the concept India’s diversity in unity, Illustrate from socio-cultural life of the people. ##Answer:,

28,742

Linguistic, regional identities rather than religious have been the basis of ethno nationalism in context of India, discus

,

##Question:Linguistic, regional identities rather than religious have been the basis of ethno nationalism in context of India, discus##Answer:,

28,743

Is linguistic diversity is threat to national integration, critically examine

,

##Question:Is linguistic diversity is threat to national integration, critically examine##Answer:,

28,744

To what extent implementation of article 44 is justified given the socio cultural diversity of India

,

##Question:To what extent implementation of article 44 is justified given the socio cultural diversity of India##Answer:,

28,745

How Indian model of secularism is different from the West? Discuss. [200-220 words]

,

##Question:How Indian model of secularism is different from the West? Discuss. [200-220 words]##Answer:,

28,746

Explain the concept India’s diversity in unity, Illustrate from socio-cultural life of the people.

,

##Question:Explain the concept India’s diversity in unity, Illustrate from socio-cultural life of the people. ##Answer:,

28,747

Linguistic, regional identities rather than religious have been the basis of ethno nationalism in context of India, discus

,

##Question:Linguistic, regional identities rather than religious have been the basis of ethno nationalism in context of India, discus##Answer:,

28,748

Is linguistic diversity is threat to national integration, critically examine.

,

##Question:Is linguistic diversity is threat to national integration, critically examine.##Answer:,

28,749

To what extent implementation of article 44 is justified given the socio cultural diversity of India

,

##Question:To what extent implementation of article 44 is justified given the socio cultural diversity of India##Answer:,

28,750

How Indian model of secularism is different from the West? Discuss. [200-220 words]

,

##Question:How Indian model of secularism is different from the West? Discuss. [200-220 words] ##Answer:,

28,751

Discuss the evolution of music in India. Also, highlight the major forms of Hindustani classical Music. (150 words/10 Marks)

Approach : Introduce ananswer by referring to the three art forms of music. Discuss the evolution of music in India. Highlight the different compositions of theHindustani style of classical music. Answer : Known as “Sangeet” in India, music ‘Sangeet’ is a combination of three art forms namely vocal music (gayana), instrumental (vadana) and dance (nritya). These are again based on two important aspects, ‘Taal" (rhythm) and ‘Raag" (melody). Evolution of Music in India Ancient Times : 1. In the earlier days, the music was devotional in nature. It was restricted only to temples and used for ritualistic purposes and was displayed in Later Vedic period through a type of music called Sangama. 2. Organized Indian music owes its origin to the Samaveda. The Veda has all the seven notes of the raga karaharpriya in the descending order. The earliest Raga is speculated to be ‘Sama Raga’. ‘Om’ is considered to be giving rise to various notes. 3. Then later on forms like ‘Prabandh Sangeet’, which was in Sanskrit, and ‘dhruvapad’, in Hindi became popular. 4. With the coming of the Gupta era, which is considered as the golden era in the development of Indian music, the music treatises like ‘Natya Shastra’ and ‘Brihaddeshi’ were written. Medieval Period : 1. The ‘sufi’ influence in the Hindustani music during the medieval period was fused with ideas from Persian music, particularly through the influence of Sufi composers like Amir Khusru and Tansen. 2. ‘Dhruvapad’ style of singing patronized by rulers transformed into the Dhrupad style by the 15th century. 3. By 17th Century a new form of Hindustani music had evolved called the Khayal Style. 4. This influence was felt to a greater extent in the North than in the South. The consequence of this differing degree of influence ultimately resulted in the bifurcation of Indian music into two distinct systems; the ‘Hindustani sangeet’ of the North and the ‘Carnatic sangeet’ of the South. The northern style of music developed as Hindustani classical music. Compositions of theHindustani style of classical music Dhrupad - Oldest classical form. It has again developed into a number of gharanas.Dhrupad is an old style of singing, traditionally performed by male singers. It is performed with a tambura and a pakhawaj as instrumental accompaniments. The lyrics, some of which were written in Sanskrit centuries ago, are presently often sung in brajbhasha , a medieval form of North and East Indian languages that were spoken in Eastern India. The Rudra veena , an ancient string instrument, is used in instrumental music in dhrupad. Khayal - Amir Khusrao created this composition of Hindustani music. Khyal is the more modern Hindustani form of vocal music. Khyal, literally meaning "thought" or "imagination" in Hindustani and derived from the Arabic term, is unusual as it is based on improvising and expressing emotion. A Khyal is a two- to eight-line lyric set to a melody. Khyal contains a greater variety of embellishments and ornamentations compared to dhrupad . Khyal "s romanticism has led to it becoming the most popular genre of classical music. Thumri - Thumri is a semi-classical vocal form said to have begun in Uttar Pradesh with the court of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah , (r. 1847–1856). There are three types of thumri: poorab ang, Lucknavi and Punjabi thumri. The lyrics are typically in a proto-Hindi language called Brij Bhasha and are usually romantic. Tarana - Another vocal form, taranas are medium- to fast-paced songs that are used to convey a mood of elation and are usually performed towards the end of a concert. They consist of a few lines of poetry with soft syllables or bols set to a tune. The singer uses these few lines as a basis for fast improvisation. The tillana of Carnatic music is based on the tarana, although the former is primarily associated with dance. Tappa -Tappa is a form of Indian semi-classical vocal music whose speciality is its rolling pace based on fast, subtle, knotty construction. A quick turn of phrases, It was later on developed in Punjab as a part of local folk culture. Qawwali - devotional music with a very strong Persian influence. Ghazal - In the Indian sub-continent, Ghazal became the most common form of poetry in the Urdu language and was popularized by classical poets like Mir Taqi Mir , Ghalib , Daagh , Zauq and Sauda amongst the North Indian literary elite. Vocal music set to this mode of poetry is popular with multiple variations across Central Asia , the Middle East , as well as other countries and regions of the world. Ghazal exists in multiple variations, including semi-classical, folk and pop forms.

##Question:Discuss the evolution of music in India. Also, highlight the major forms of Hindustani classical Music. (150 words/10 Marks)##Answer:Approach : Introduce ananswer by referring to the three art forms of music. Discuss the evolution of music in India. Highlight the different compositions of theHindustani style of classical music. Answer : Known as “Sangeet” in India, music ‘Sangeet’ is a combination of three art forms namely vocal music (gayana), instrumental (vadana) and dance (nritya). These are again based on two important aspects, ‘Taal" (rhythm) and ‘Raag" (melody). Evolution of Music in India Ancient Times : 1. In the earlier days, the music was devotional in nature. It was restricted only to temples and used for ritualistic purposes and was displayed in Later Vedic period through a type of music called Sangama. 2. Organized Indian music owes its origin to the Samaveda. The Veda has all the seven notes of the raga karaharpriya in the descending order. The earliest Raga is speculated to be ‘Sama Raga’. ‘Om’ is considered to be giving rise to various notes. 3. Then later on forms like ‘Prabandh Sangeet’, which was in Sanskrit, and ‘dhruvapad’, in Hindi became popular. 4. With the coming of the Gupta era, which is considered as the golden era in the development of Indian music, the music treatises like ‘Natya Shastra’ and ‘Brihaddeshi’ were written. Medieval Period : 1. The ‘sufi’ influence in the Hindustani music during the medieval period was fused with ideas from Persian music, particularly through the influence of Sufi composers like Amir Khusru and Tansen. 2. ‘Dhruvapad’ style of singing patronized by rulers transformed into the Dhrupad style by the 15th century. 3. By 17th Century a new form of Hindustani music had evolved called the Khayal Style. 4. This influence was felt to a greater extent in the North than in the South. The consequence of this differing degree of influence ultimately resulted in the bifurcation of Indian music into two distinct systems; the ‘Hindustani sangeet’ of the North and the ‘Carnatic sangeet’ of the South. The northern style of music developed as Hindustani classical music. Compositions of theHindustani style of classical music Dhrupad - Oldest classical form. It has again developed into a number of gharanas.Dhrupad is an old style of singing, traditionally performed by male singers. It is performed with a tambura and a pakhawaj as instrumental accompaniments. The lyrics, some of which were written in Sanskrit centuries ago, are presently often sung in brajbhasha , a medieval form of North and East Indian languages that were spoken in Eastern India. The Rudra veena , an ancient string instrument, is used in instrumental music in dhrupad. Khayal - Amir Khusrao created this composition of Hindustani music. Khyal is the more modern Hindustani form of vocal music. Khyal, literally meaning "thought" or "imagination" in Hindustani and derived from the Arabic term, is unusual as it is based on improvising and expressing emotion. A Khyal is a two- to eight-line lyric set to a melody. Khyal contains a greater variety of embellishments and ornamentations compared to dhrupad . Khyal "s romanticism has led to it becoming the most popular genre of classical music. Thumri - Thumri is a semi-classical vocal form said to have begun in Uttar Pradesh with the court of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah , (r. 1847–1856). There are three types of thumri: poorab ang, Lucknavi and Punjabi thumri. The lyrics are typically in a proto-Hindi language called Brij Bhasha and are usually romantic. Tarana - Another vocal form, taranas are medium- to fast-paced songs that are used to convey a mood of elation and are usually performed towards the end of a concert. They consist of a few lines of poetry with soft syllables or bols set to a tune. The singer uses these few lines as a basis for fast improvisation. The tillana of Carnatic music is based on the tarana, although the former is primarily associated with dance. Tappa -Tappa is a form of Indian semi-classical vocal music whose speciality is its rolling pace based on fast, subtle, knotty construction. A quick turn of phrases, It was later on developed in Punjab as a part of local folk culture. Qawwali - devotional music with a very strong Persian influence. Ghazal - In the Indian sub-continent, Ghazal became the most common form of poetry in the Urdu language and was popularized by classical poets like Mir Taqi Mir , Ghalib , Daagh , Zauq and Sauda amongst the North Indian literary elite. Vocal music set to this mode of poetry is popular with multiple variations across Central Asia , the Middle East , as well as other countries and regions of the world. Ghazal exists in multiple variations, including semi-classical, folk and pop forms.

28,752

Discuss the evolution of both Dhrupad and Khayal music. And also differentiate between the features of Dhrupad and Khayal music. (150 words)

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##Question:Discuss the evolution of both Dhrupad and Khayal music. And also differentiate between the features of Dhrupad and Khayal music. (150 words)##Answer:,

28,753

Discuss the evolution of Carnatic music and explain in what ways it is different from Hindustani music. (150 words/10 marks)

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##Question:Discuss the evolution of Carnatic music and explain in what ways it is different from Hindustani music. (150 words/10 marks)##Answer:,

28,754

Indo-Afghan relations go much beyond the Indo-Pakistan rivalry. Explain. In this context how significant is the Heart of Asia Conference?(150 word)

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##Question:Indo-Afghan relations go much beyond the Indo-Pakistan rivalry. Explain. In this context how significant is the Heart of Asia Conference?(150 word) ##Answer:,

28,755

To view Afghanistan through the narrow prism of relation with Pakistan is mistake that should be avoided by India .Comment.

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##Question:To view Afghanistan through the narrow prism of relation with Pakistan is mistake that should be avoided by India .Comment.##Answer:,

28,756

Elaborate on historic, geographic and political aspect in Indo-China relation?

,

##Question:Elaborate on historic, geographic and political aspect in Indo-China relation?##Answer:,

28,757

“Strong and stable relation within two nations is important factor for global peace and progress”. Elaborate in context of Indo-china? (10 marks/150 words)

,

##Question:“Strong and stable relation within two nations is important factor for global peace and progress”. Elaborate in context of Indo-china? (10 marks/150 words)##Answer:,

28,758

Indo-Afghan relations go much beyond the Indo-Pakistan rivalry. Explain. In this context how significant is the Heart of Asia Conference?(150 word)

,

##Question:Indo-Afghan relations go much beyond the Indo-Pakistan rivalry. Explain. In this context how significant is the Heart of Asia Conference?(150 word) ##Answer:,

28,759

To view Afghanistan through the narrow prism of relation with Pakistan is mistake that should be avoided by India .Comment.(10 Marks/150 Words)

,

##Question:To view Afghanistan through the narrow prism of relation with Pakistan is mistake that should be avoided by India .Comment.(10 Marks/150 Words)##Answer:,

28,760

Elaborate on historic, geographic and political aspect in Indo-China relation? (150 words)

,

##Question:Elaborate on historic, geographic and political aspect in Indo-China relation? (150 words)##Answer:,

28,761

“Strong and stable relation within two nations is important factor for global peace and progress” elaborate in context of Indo-china? (200 words/10 Marks)

,

##Question:“Strong and stable relation within two nations is important factor for global peace and progress” elaborate in context of Indo-china? (200 words/10 Marks)##Answer:,

28,762

What are border dispute between India and china? What is the possible solution between India and china border dispute?(150 word)

,

##Question:What are border dispute between India and china? What is the possible solution between India and china border dispute?(150 word) ##Answer:,

28,763

Cooperation on water sharing has often been downplayed when it comes to Sino-Indian relations. Critically analyse. (200 words)

,

##Question:Cooperation on water sharing has often been downplayed when it comes to Sino-Indian relations. Critically analyse. (200 words) ##Answer:,

28,764

Event though unlike the question of territory, the issue of river water has not led the major conflict between India and China, The need for putting in place a comprehensive mechanism to manage these issues can’t be underestimated. Discuss. (200 words)

,

##Question:Event though unlike the question of territory, the issue of river water has not led the major conflict between India and China, The need for putting in place a comprehensive mechanism to manage these issues can’t be underestimated. Discuss. (200 words)##Answer:,

28,765

Discuss India’s concerns regarding Sino-Indian trade imbalances. How far can economic ties be used to dissipate bilateral tensions between the two countries? (200 words)

,

##Question:Discuss India’s concerns regarding Sino-Indian trade imbalances. How far can economic ties be used to dissipate bilateral tensions between the two countries? (200 words) ##Answer:,

28,766

What do you understand by string of pearls, how does impact India? Briefly outline the steps Taken by India to counter this.

,

##Question:What do you understand by string of pearls, how does impact India? Briefly outline the steps Taken by India to counter this. ##Answer:,

28,767

What are border dispute between India and china? What is the possible solution between India and china border dispute? (150 word)

,

##Question:What are border dispute between India and china? What is the possible solution between India and china border dispute? (150 word)##Answer:,

28,768

Cooperation on water sharing has often been downplayed when it comes to Sino-Indian relations. Critically analyse. (200 words)

,

##Question:Cooperation on water sharing has often been downplayed when it comes to Sino-Indian relations. Critically analyse. (200 words) ##Answer:,

28,769

Event though unlike the question of territory, the issue of river water has not led the major conflict between India and China, The need for putting in place a comprehensive mechanism to manage these issues can’t be underestimated. Discuss. (200 words)

,

##Question:Event though unlike the question of territory, the issue of river water has not led the major conflict between India and China, The need for putting in place a comprehensive mechanism to manage these issues can’t be underestimated. Discuss. (200 words)##Answer:,

28,770

Discuss India’s concerns regarding Sino-Indian trade imbalances. How far can economic ties be used to dissipate bilateral tensions between the two countries? (200 words)

,

##Question:Discuss India’s concerns regarding Sino-Indian trade imbalances. How far can economic ties be used to dissipate bilateral tensions between the two countries? (200 words) ##Answer:,

28,771

What do you understand by string of pearls, how does it impact India? Briefly outline the steps taken by India to counter this.(150 words)

,

##Question:What do you understand by string of pearls, how does it impact India? Briefly outline the steps taken by India to counter this.(150 words)##Answer:,

28,772

What do you understand by the rocks? Briefly explain the different forms of rocks and their inter-changeability with suitable examples.

,

##Question:What do you understand by the rocks? Briefly explain the different forms of rocks and their inter-changeability with suitable examples.##Answer:,

28,773

What is weathering? Explain different types of weathering process with examples. (200 words)

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##Question:What is weathering? Explain different types of weathering process with examples. (200 words) ##Answer:,

28,774

Write short notes on the followings- (75 words each/10 marks) 1. Exfoliation 2. Mass movement

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##Question:Write short notes on the followings- (75 words each/10 marks) 1. Exfoliation 2. Mass movement##Answer:,

28,775

Discuss the different types of intrusive volcanic formations. (150words|10marks)

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##Question:Discuss the different types of intrusive volcanic formations. (150words|10marks)##Answer:,

28,776

Discuss the causes of French revolution. How it was influenced from American Revolution? (200 words/10 Marks)

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##Question:Discuss the causes of French revolution. How it was influenced from American Revolution? (200 words/10 Marks)##Answer:,

28,777

The main cause of French revolution was class struggle. Evaluate.

,

##Question:The main cause of French revolution was class struggle. Evaluate.##Answer:,

28,778

Describe the socio-economic causes that led the French Revolution of 1789?

,

##Question:Describe the socio-economic causes that led the French Revolution of 1789?##Answer:,

28,779

French revolution started with fall of Bastille. Examine. (150 words/ 10 marks)

,

##Question:French revolution started with fall of Bastille. Examine. (150 words/ 10 marks)##Answer:,

28,780

Money laundering poses a serious threat to country’s economic sovereignty. What is its significance for India and what steps are required to be taken to control this menace?

,

##Question:Money laundering poses a serious threat to country’s economic sovereignty. What is its significance for India and what steps are required to be taken to control this menace?##Answer:,

28,781

Discuss the challenges involved to stop Money Laundering in India.

,

##Question:Discuss the challenges involved to stop Money Laundering in India.##Answer:,

28,782

How is organized crime in India reinforcing terrorism? What are the linkages especially with respect to terror funding? (150 words)

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##Question:How is organized crime in India reinforcing terrorism? What are the linkages especially with respect to terror funding? (150 words)##Answer:,

28,783

Briefly explain the resolution of boundary issues between India and Bangladesh. What are the larger implications of the resolution of these issues? (250 words)

,

##Question:Briefly explain the resolution of boundary issues between India and Bangladesh. What are the larger implications of the resolution of these issues? (250 words) ##Answer:,

28,784

India suffers from the problems of proximity. Discuss in context of its neighbourhood.

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##Question:India suffers from the problems of proximity. Discuss in context of its neighbourhood.##Answer:,

28,785

Write a short note on (50-100 Words each) 1. Gujral Doctrine 2. Neighbourhood First Policy 3. Permanent Court of Arbitration

,

##Question:Write a short note on (50-100 Words each) 1. Gujral Doctrine 2. Neighbourhood First Policy 3. Permanent Court of Arbitration##Answer:,

28,786

What are the key challenges that India face in its foreign policy stance even after 70 years of Independence?

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##Question:What are the key challenges that India face in its foreign policy stance even after 70 years of Independence?##Answer:,

28,787