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Write a short note on institute of eminence. (100 words)	.	##Question:Write a short note on institute of eminence. (100 words)##Answer:.	30,764
With respect to SDG goals related to education examine the preparedness of the indian government.(100 words)	.	##Question:With respect to SDG goals related to education examine the preparedness of the indian government.(100 words)##Answer:.	30,765
To what extent the Nairobi Round succeeded in addressing the concerns of developing countries like India? (200 words\|10 Marks).	.	##Question:To what extent the Nairobi Round succeeded in addressing the concerns of developing countries like India? (200 words\|10 Marks).##Answer:.	30,766
Write short note on the following: a) TRIPS Plus b) Argentina Negotiations	.	##Question:Write short note on the following: a) TRIPS Plus b) Argentina Negotiations##Answer:.	30,767
Explain Trade related intellectual property rights in context of India.	.	##Question:Explain Trade related intellectual property rights in context of India.##Answer:.	30,768
What do you understand about Heat budgeting? Briefly explain the processes through which the earth-atmosphere system maintains heat balance. (150 words/10 marks)	Approach The first part should explain what is heat budget. In the body it should further elaborate on horizontal and vertical heat budget separately Then the processes involved should be mentioned (Please note that in the vertical heat budget, the student need not necessarily give all the percentage values, a good overview of the concept is also enough) Answer The earth receives a certain amount of insulation (short waves) and gives back heat into space by terrestrial radiation (longwave radiation). Through this give and take, the earth maintains a constant temperature. This is the heat budgeting, i.e the earth does not gain or lose heat. Vertical heat balance- The temperature in the troposphere decreases with an increase in altitude. This vertical gradient of temperature is commonly referred to as the standard atmosphere or Normal Lapse Rate. Thus vertically layers of the atmosphere maintain the heat balance. INCOMING SHORT WAVE RADIATION 35 units - radiation reflected is called the albedo of the earth * 27% reflected by clouds * 2 % reflected by the earth * 6 % scattered to space 14 units absorbed within the atmosphere 51 units absorbed by the earth’s surface. Total of 65 units absorbed by earth needs to be returned. LONG WAVE RADIATION 51 units - earth’s surface radiates back in the form of short wave terrestrial radiation. 17 units are radiated to space directly 34 units radiated, are absorbed by the atmosphere (6 directly, 9 through convection and turbulence, and 19 through latent heat of condensation) Now, 48 units are absorbed by the atmosphere (14 units from insolation (short wave) +34 units from terrestrial radiation) is radiated back into space. Total radiation = 17 (radiated to space directly) + 48 (radiated by the atmosphere) = 65 unit Thus, a total of 65 units is returned by the earth, which balances the absorbed incoming short wave radiation. Horizontal heat balance- The amount of insolation received varies from latitude to latitude: Regions within the equator and 40° N and S latitudes receive abundant sunlight and hence more heat will be gained than lost. Hence they are energy surplus regions. Regions beyond 40° N and S latitudes lose more heat than that gained from sunlight. Hence they are energy deficit regions (This is because of slant sunlight and high albedo of polar regions). The atmosphere (planetary winds) and the oceans (ocean currents) transfer excess heat from the tropics (energy surplus region) towards the poles (energy deficit regions) making up for heat loss at higher latitudes. Various processes are involved in maintaining the heat balance in nature: Convection-vertical transfer of heat is usually due to expansion of air and movement of air particles. Conduction- contact between warmer and colder surfaces leads to heat transfer Radiation- not dependent on contact between two surfaces Advection- horizontal heat transfer, through planetary and other winds	##Question:What do you understand about Heat budgeting? Briefly explain the processes through which the earth-atmosphere system maintains heat balance. (150 words/10 marks)##Answer:Approach The first part should explain what is heat budget. In the body it should further elaborate on horizontal and vertical heat budget separately Then the processes involved should be mentioned (Please note that in the vertical heat budget, the student need not necessarily give all the percentage values, a good overview of the concept is also enough) Answer The earth receives a certain amount of insulation (short waves) and gives back heat into space by terrestrial radiation (longwave radiation). Through this give and take, the earth maintains a constant temperature. This is the heat budgeting, i.e the earth does not gain or lose heat. Vertical heat balance- The temperature in the troposphere decreases with an increase in altitude. This vertical gradient of temperature is commonly referred to as the standard atmosphere or Normal Lapse Rate. Thus vertically layers of the atmosphere maintain the heat balance. INCOMING SHORT WAVE RADIATION 35 units - radiation reflected is called the albedo of the earth * 27% reflected by clouds * 2 % reflected by the earth * 6 % scattered to space 14 units absorbed within the atmosphere 51 units absorbed by the earth’s surface. Total of 65 units absorbed by earth needs to be returned. LONG WAVE RADIATION 51 units - earth’s surface radiates back in the form of short wave terrestrial radiation. 17 units are radiated to space directly 34 units radiated, are absorbed by the atmosphere (6 directly, 9 through convection and turbulence, and 19 through latent heat of condensation) Now, 48 units are absorbed by the atmosphere (14 units from insolation (short wave) +34 units from terrestrial radiation) is radiated back into space. Total radiation = 17 (radiated to space directly) + 48 (radiated by the atmosphere) = 65 unit Thus, a total of 65 units is returned by the earth, which balances the absorbed incoming short wave radiation. Horizontal heat balance- The amount of insolation received varies from latitude to latitude: Regions within the equator and 40° N and S latitudes receive abundant sunlight and hence more heat will be gained than lost. Hence they are energy surplus regions. Regions beyond 40° N and S latitudes lose more heat than that gained from sunlight. Hence they are energy deficit regions (This is because of slant sunlight and high albedo of polar regions). The atmosphere (planetary winds) and the oceans (ocean currents) transfer excess heat from the tropics (energy surplus region) towards the poles (energy deficit regions) making up for heat loss at higher latitudes. Various processes are involved in maintaining the heat balance in nature: Convection-vertical transfer of heat is usually due to expansion of air and movement of air particles. Conduction- contact between warmer and colder surfaces leads to heat transfer Radiation- not dependent on contact between two surfaces Advection- horizontal heat transfer, through planetary and other winds	30,769
Explain the similarities and differences between weather and climate. What is the effect of climate change on weather and climate? (200 words\|	,	##Question:Explain the similarities and differences between weather and climate. What is the effect of climate change on weather and climate? (200 words\|##Answer:,	30,770
What is doctrine of Eclipse? Briefly explain the different case under this doctrine which gave different explanation.(10 marks/200 words)	Approach: Define the Doctrine of Eclipse Explain the various cases which led to its explanation Conclude accordingly Answer: The doctrine of Eclipse.: Doctrines are usually applicable only for already existing laws. The doctrine of eclipse means that " A law which is in violation of fundamental rights of the citizen will be dormant until a necessary amendment is made to the law in such a way that it should not violate fundamental rights of the citizen." In general, it means that the fundamental rights of humanity are more important than any laws. Different cases of Doctrine of Eclipse In the case of Keshavan Madhava Menon v. The State of Bombay , the law in question was an existing law at the time when the Constitution came into force. That existing law imposed on the exercise of the right guaranteed to the citizens of India by article 19(1)(g) restrictions which could not be justified as reasonable under clause (6) as it then stood and consequently under article 13(1)[2] that existing law became void “to the extent of such inconsistency”. The court said that the law became void not in toto or for all purposes or for all times or for all persons but only “to the extent of such inconsistency”, that is to say, to the extent it became inconsistent with the provisions of Part III which conferred the fundamental rights on the citizens. This reasoning was also adopted in the case of Bhikaji Narain Dhakras And Others v. The State Of Madhya Pradesh And Another . This case also held that “on and after the commencement of the Constitution, the existing law, as a result of its becoming inconsistent with the provisions of article 19(1)(g) read with clause (6) as it then stood, could not be permitted to stand in the way of the exercise of that fundamental right. Article 13(1) by reason of its language cannot be read as having obliterated the entire operation of the inconsistent law or having wiped it out altogether the statute, book. Such law existed for all past transactions and for enforcement of rights and liabilities accrued before the date of the Constitution. The law continued in force, even after the commencement of the Constitution, with respect to persons who were not citizens and could not claim the fundamental right”. The court also said that article 13(1) had the effect of nullifying or rendering the existing law which had become inconsistent with fundamental right as it then stood, ineffectual, nugatory and devoid of any legal force or binding effect, only with respect to the exercise of the fundamental right on and after the date of the commencement of the Constitution. Finally, the court said something that we today know of like the crux of the Doctrine of Eclipse. “The true position is that the impugned law became, as it were, eclipsed, for the time being, by the fundamental right.” We see that such laws are not dead for all purposes. They exist for the purposes of pre-Constitution rights and liabilities and they remain operative, even after the commencement of the Constitution, as against non-citizens. It is only as against the citizens that they remain in a dormant or moribund condition. Thus the Doctrine of Eclipse provides for the validation of Pre-Constitution Laws that violate fundamental rights upon the premise that such laws are not null and void ab initio but become unenforceable only to the extent of such inconsistency with the fundamental rights. If any subsequent amendment to the Constitution removes the inconsistency or the conflict of the existing law with the fundamental rights, then the Eclipse vanishes and that particular law again becomes active again.	##Question:What is doctrine of Eclipse? Briefly explain the different case under this doctrine which gave different explanation.(10 marks/200 words)##Answer:Approach: Define the Doctrine of Eclipse Explain the various cases which led to its explanation Conclude accordingly Answer: The doctrine of Eclipse.: Doctrines are usually applicable only for already existing laws. The doctrine of eclipse means that " A law which is in violation of fundamental rights of the citizen will be dormant until a necessary amendment is made to the law in such a way that it should not violate fundamental rights of the citizen." In general, it means that the fundamental rights of humanity are more important than any laws. Different cases of Doctrine of Eclipse In the case of Keshavan Madhava Menon v. The State of Bombay , the law in question was an existing law at the time when the Constitution came into force. That existing law imposed on the exercise of the right guaranteed to the citizens of India by article 19(1)(g) restrictions which could not be justified as reasonable under clause (6) as it then stood and consequently under article 13(1)[2] that existing law became void “to the extent of such inconsistency”. The court said that the law became void not in toto or for all purposes or for all times or for all persons but only “to the extent of such inconsistency”, that is to say, to the extent it became inconsistent with the provisions of Part III which conferred the fundamental rights on the citizens. This reasoning was also adopted in the case of Bhikaji Narain Dhakras And Others v. The State Of Madhya Pradesh And Another . This case also held that “on and after the commencement of the Constitution, the existing law, as a result of its becoming inconsistent with the provisions of article 19(1)(g) read with clause (6) as it then stood, could not be permitted to stand in the way of the exercise of that fundamental right. Article 13(1) by reason of its language cannot be read as having obliterated the entire operation of the inconsistent law or having wiped it out altogether the statute, book. Such law existed for all past transactions and for enforcement of rights and liabilities accrued before the date of the Constitution. The law continued in force, even after the commencement of the Constitution, with respect to persons who were not citizens and could not claim the fundamental right”. The court also said that article 13(1) had the effect of nullifying or rendering the existing law which had become inconsistent with fundamental right as it then stood, ineffectual, nugatory and devoid of any legal force or binding effect, only with respect to the exercise of the fundamental right on and after the date of the commencement of the Constitution. Finally, the court said something that we today know of like the crux of the Doctrine of Eclipse. “The true position is that the impugned law became, as it were, eclipsed, for the time being, by the fundamental right.” We see that such laws are not dead for all purposes. They exist for the purposes of pre-Constitution rights and liabilities and they remain operative, even after the commencement of the Constitution, as against non-citizens. It is only as against the citizens that they remain in a dormant or moribund condition. Thus the Doctrine of Eclipse provides for the validation of Pre-Constitution Laws that violate fundamental rights upon the premise that such laws are not null and void ab initio but become unenforceable only to the extent of such inconsistency with the fundamental rights. If any subsequent amendment to the Constitution removes the inconsistency or the conflict of the existing law with the fundamental rights, then the Eclipse vanishes and that particular law again becomes active again.	30,771
Write short note on the following: a) Constitutional Rights b) Statutory Rights c) Fundamental Rights	.	##Question:Write short note on the following: a) Constitutional Rights b) Statutory Rights c) Fundamental Rights##Answer:.	30,772
Discuss amendability of Fundamental Rights. Also mention important judgements related to it.	,	##Question:Discuss amendability of Fundamental Rights. Also mention important judgements related to it.##Answer:,	30,773
Discus the reasons and Impacts of the Great depression and also examine the relationship between the Great Depression and the World War II. (20o words\|	,	##Question:Discus the reasons and Impacts of the Great depression and also examine the relationship between the Great Depression and the World War II. (20o words\|##Answer:,	30,774
Enumerate the events in China leading to its colonization. (200 words\|	,	##Question:Enumerate the events in China leading to its colonization. (200 words\|##Answer:,	30,775
How did the Great Depression affect India? (150 words	,	##Question:How did the Great Depression affect India? (150 words##Answer:,	30,776
Write a short note on each of the following: a) Close door policy b) New Deal (50 words each)	,	##Question:Write a short note on each of the following: a) Close door policy b) New Deal (50 words each)##Answer:,	30,777
You are the head of the Human Resources department of an organisation. One day one of the workers died on duty. His family was demanding compensation. However, the company denied compensation because it was revealed in investigation that he was drunk at the time of the accident. The workers of the company went to strike demanding compensation for the family of the deceased. The Chairman of the management board has asked for your recommendation. What recommendation would you provide the management? Discuss the merits and demerits of each of the recommendations. (250 Words,	,	##Question:You are the head of the Human Resources department of an organisation. One day one of the workers died on duty. His family was demanding compensation. However, the company denied compensation because it was revealed in investigation that he was drunk at the time of the accident. The workers of the company went to strike demanding compensation for the family of the deceased. The Chairman of the management board has asked for your recommendation. What recommendation would you provide the management? Discuss the merits and demerits of each of the recommendations. (250 Words,##Answer:,	30,778
You are the head of the Human Resources department of an organisation. One day one of the workers died on duty. His family was demanding compensation. However, the company denied compensation because it was revealed in investigation that he was drunk at the time of the accident. The workers of the company went to strike demanding compensation for the family of the deceased. The Chairman of the management board has asked for your recommendation. What recommendation would you provide the management? Discuss the merits and demerits of each of the recommendations. (250 Words,	,	##Question:You are the head of the Human Resources department of an organisation. One day one of the workers died on duty. His family was demanding compensation. However, the company denied compensation because it was revealed in investigation that he was drunk at the time of the accident. The workers of the company went to strike demanding compensation for the family of the deceased. The Chairman of the management board has asked for your recommendation. What recommendation would you provide the management? Discuss the merits and demerits of each of the recommendations. (250 Words,##Answer:,	30,779
You are the head of the Human Resources department of an organisation. One day one of the workers died on duty. His family was demanding compensation. However, the company denied compensation because it was revealed in investigation that he was drunk at the time of the accident. The workers of the company went to strike demanding compensation for the family of the deceased. The Chairman of the management board has asked for your recommendation. What recommendation would you provide the management? Discuss the merits and demerits of each of the recommendations. (250 Words,	,	##Question:You are the head of the Human Resources department of an organisation. One day one of the workers died on duty. His family was demanding compensation. However, the company denied compensation because it was revealed in investigation that he was drunk at the time of the accident. The workers of the company went to strike demanding compensation for the family of the deceased. The Chairman of the management board has asked for your recommendation. What recommendation would you provide the management? Discuss the merits and demerits of each of the recommendations. (250 Words,##Answer:,	30,780
‘लोन वुल्फ हमलों’ से आप क्या समझते है ? विश्व भर में लोन वुल्फ हमलों को देखते हुए इस प्रकार के हमलों के प्रति भारत के सुभेद्यता का आकलन कीजिए\|साथ ही ,इस प्रकार के हमलों के रोकथाम हेतु उपाय सुझाइए\| (200 शब्द)	.	##Question:‘लोन वुल्फ हमलों’ से आप क्या समझते है ? विश्व भर में लोन वुल्फ हमलों को देखते हुए इस प्रकार के हमलों के प्रति भारत के सुभेद्यता का आकलन कीजिए\|साथ ही ,इस प्रकार के हमलों के रोकथाम हेतु उपाय सुझाइए\| (200 शब्द)##Answer:.	30,781
राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा के सन्दर्भ में सोशल मीडिया द्वारा प्रस्तुत अवसरों एवं चुनौतियों का विश्लेषण कीजिए\|साथ ही ,परीक्षण कीजिए कि भारत में प्रभावी संलग्नता एवं पुलिसिंग के लिए सोशल मीडिया का अनुकूलन किस प्रकार किया जा सकता है ?(200 शब्द)	.	##Question:राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा के सन्दर्भ में सोशल मीडिया द्वारा प्रस्तुत अवसरों एवं चुनौतियों का विश्लेषण कीजिए\|साथ ही ,परीक्षण कीजिए कि भारत में प्रभावी संलग्नता एवं पुलिसिंग के लिए सोशल मीडिया का अनुकूलन किस प्रकार किया जा सकता है ?(200 शब्द)##Answer:.	30,782
भारत में आतंकवाद की समाप्ति के लिए भारत सरकार द्वारा नवीन तकनीकों का प्रयोग किया जा रहा है \|सरकार ने इन प्रयासों पर संक्षिप्त टिप्पणी कीजिए\| (200 शब्द)	.	##Question:भारत में आतंकवाद की समाप्ति के लिए भारत सरकार द्वारा नवीन तकनीकों का प्रयोग किया जा रहा है \|सरकार ने इन प्रयासों पर संक्षिप्त टिप्पणी कीजिए\| (200 शब्द)##Answer:.	30,783
संविधान और संविधानवाद क्या है? क्या संविधान होने से संविधानवाद को लागू किया जा सकता है? चर्चा करें\|(शब्द 200) (10 marks)	.	##Question:संविधान और संविधानवाद क्या है? क्या संविधान होने से संविधानवाद को लागू किया जा सकता है? चर्चा करें\|(शब्द 200) (10 marks)##Answer:.	30,784
निम्नलिखित के ऊपर टिप्पणी करें: 1.राज्य (state) 2.जनतंत्र (Democracy)	.	##Question:निम्नलिखित के ऊपर टिप्पणी करें: 1.राज्य (state) 2.जनतंत्र (Democracy)##Answer:.	30,785
Despite having a 3-tier health system, India’s healthcare system is in poor state. Identify the challenges faced by healthcare system in India? What steps had been taken by government to address these challenges? Also suggest some way forward? (250 words/ 15 marks)	.	##Question:Despite having a 3-tier health system, India’s healthcare system is in poor state. Identify the challenges faced by healthcare system in India? What steps had been taken by government to address these challenges? Also suggest some way forward? (250 words/ 15 marks)##Answer:.	30,786
Professor Amartya Sen has advocated important reforms in the realms of primary education and primary health care. What are your suggestions to improve their status and performance? (250 words/ 12.5 marks) (CSE Mains 2016)	.	##Question:Professor Amartya Sen has advocated important reforms in the realms of primary education and primary health care. What are your suggestions to improve their status and performance? (250 words/ 12.5 marks) (CSE Mains 2016)##Answer:.	30,787
Critically examine to what extant universal health coverage is panacea for health care problems in India. (150 words/ 10marks)	.	##Question:Critically examine to what extant universal health coverage is panacea for health care problems in India. (150 words/ 10marks)##Answer:.	30,788
Critically examine the preparedness of Indian government with respect to achievement of SDG goal related to health? (200 words/ 15 marks)	.	##Question:Critically examine the preparedness of Indian government with respect to achievement of SDG goal related to health? (200 words/ 15 marks)##Answer:.	30,789
“Education is an important tool for empowerment”.In the context of the statement discuss the status of education system in India and suggest measures for its improvement.	.	##Question:“Education is an important tool for empowerment”.In the context of the statement discuss the status of education system in India and suggest measures for its improvement.##Answer:.	30,790
“Secondary education has remained the most neglected tire of education system”.Analyse the statement with respect to issues and challenges of secondary education system?	.	##Question:“Secondary education has remained the most neglected tire of education system”.Analyse the statement with respect to issues and challenges of secondary education system?##Answer:.	30,791
Why Buddhism declined from its own land of origin for more than 100 years. Discuss (200 words\| 10 marks)	.	##Question:Why Buddhism declined from its own land of origin for more than 100 years. Discuss (200 words\| 10 marks)##Answer:.	30,792
Differentiate between Hinayana and Mahayana sects of Buddhism. (150 words)	.	##Question:Differentiate between Hinayana and Mahayana sects of Buddhism. (150 words)##Answer:.	30,793
19 वी शताब्दी का भारतीय पुनर्जागरण एक साथ पश्चिमी मूल्यो की स्वीकृति और अस्वीकृति था \|क्या आप सहमत है \| (200 शब्द )	.	##Question:19 वी शताब्दी का भारतीय पुनर्जागरण एक साथ पश्चिमी मूल्यो की स्वीकृति और अस्वीकृति था \|क्या आप सहमत है \| (200 शब्द )##Answer:.	30,794
19 वी सदी के सामाजिक धार्मिक आंदोलन ने स्त्रियो की मुक्ति मे किस सीमा तक योगदान दिया \|(200 शब्द )	.	##Question:19 वी सदी के सामाजिक धार्मिक आंदोलन ने स्त्रियो की मुक्ति मे किस सीमा तक योगदान दिया \|(200 शब्द )##Answer:.	30,795
सामाजिक धार्मिक आंदोलन के विकास मे अंग्रेज़ो की भूमिका को लिखे \| (200 शब्द )	.	##Question:सामाजिक धार्मिक आंदोलन के विकास मे अंग्रेज़ो की भूमिका को लिखे \| (200 शब्द )##Answer:.	30,796
स्वतंत्रता के पश्चात भारत-USA संबंध विभिन्न उतार-चढाव के चरणों से गुजरा है \|इन विभिन्न चरणों का संक्षिप्त वर्णन करते हुए ,वर्तमान में भारत –USA संबंध पर टिप्पणी कीजिए\| (200 शब्द)	,	##Question:स्वतंत्रता के पश्चात भारत-USA संबंध विभिन्न उतार-चढाव के चरणों से गुजरा है \|इन विभिन्न चरणों का संक्षिप्त वर्णन करते हुए ,वर्तमान में भारत –USA संबंध पर टिप्पणी कीजिए\| (200 शब्द)##Answer:,	30,797
समकालीन समय में भारत का संबंध USA के साथ सुदृढ़ हुआ है लेकिन यह प्रगाढ़ता भारत के पारंपरिक एवं सदाबहार मित्र रूस के साथ संबंध को प्रभावित कर रहा है \|कथन का परीक्षण कीजिए\|(200 शब्द)	,	##Question:समकालीन समय में भारत का संबंध USA के साथ सुदृढ़ हुआ है लेकिन यह प्रगाढ़ता भारत के पारंपरिक एवं सदाबहार मित्र रूस के साथ संबंध को प्रभावित कर रहा है \|कथन का परीक्षण कीजिए\|(200 शब्द)##Answer:,	30,798
भारत-USA के मध्य विवाद के मुद्दों का वर्णन कीजिए\|साथ ही सहयोग के बिन्दुओं का भी विश्लेषण कीजिए \|(200 शब्द)	,	##Question:भारत-USA के मध्य विवाद के मुद्दों का वर्णन कीजिए\|साथ ही सहयोग के बिन्दुओं का भी विश्लेषण कीजिए \|(200 शब्द) ##Answer:,	30,799
Bosnian crisis was immediate and only causes of World War 1. Examine. (200 words)	,	##Question:Bosnian crisis was immediate and only causes of World War 1. Examine. (200 words) ##Answer:,	30,800
Elaborate on impact of World War 1. (200 words /10 marks)	,	##Question:Elaborate on impact of World War 1. (200 words /10 marks)##Answer:,	30,801
The World Bank and the IMF, collectively known as the Bretton Woods Institutions, are the two inter-governmental pillars supporting the structure of the world’s economic and financial order. Superficially, the World Bank and the IMF exhibit many common characteristics, yet their role, functions and mandate are distinctly different. Elucidate. (UPSC 2013)	.	##Question:The World Bank and the IMF, collectively known as the Bretton Woods Institutions, are the two inter-governmental pillars supporting the structure of the world’s economic and financial order. Superficially, the World Bank and the IMF exhibit many common characteristics, yet their role, functions and mandate are distinctly different. Elucidate. (UPSC 2013) ##Answer:.	30,802
Why World War-I is termed as total war? Discuss. (200 words)	,	##Question:Why World War-I is termed as total war? Discuss. (200 words)##Answer:,	30,803