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What are tides? Explain the formation of tides by discussing the interactions of different forces. (200 words)	.	##Question:What are tides? Explain the formation of tides by discussing the interactions of different forces. (200 words)##Answer:.	32,102
What is the importance of tides for human life ? (150words\|10 marks)	.	##Question:What is the importance of tides for human life ? (150words\|10 marks)##Answer:.	32,103
Discus the thermohaline circulations in the ocean. What are the drivers of these circulations and how are they affected? (150words\|10 marks)	.	##Question:Discus the thermohaline circulations in the ocean. What are the drivers of these circulations and how are they affected? (150words\|10 marks)##Answer:.	32,104
What are corals? Enumerate their distribution in India and the world. (150 words)	.	##Question:What are corals? Enumerate their distribution in India and the world. (150 words)##Answer:.	32,105
Discuss the peace clause offered by WTO. What were the concerns of India and the other developing nations on this issue? (150 words /10 marks )	Approach : Explain the "peace clause" according to the WTO in the introductory part. Concerns of the developed countries and the current position of WTO. India"s stand and the issues it has raised. Answer : The peace clause is a temporary agreement between developed and developing countries according to which no country would be legally barred from food security programs even if the subsidy breached the limits specified in the WTO agreement on agriculture. It was negotiated in the 2013 Bali meeting of WTO. It is supposed to function as an interim arrangement till December 2017, but no permanent solution has been in place even after the expiry of this period. It protects food procurement programs from subsidy ceilings. The developed nations are trying to make the permanent solution in a way that compliance would not be difficult for the developing countries. The developed countries are concerned that public stockholding acquires food at prices more than market prices causing distortion. eg the MSP scheme. Currently, developing countries are allowed a subsidy limit of 10% of agricultural production under the amber box. India is concerned - - that before the period of peace clause expires a permanent solution should be found to this issue. - if the clause expires before a permanent solution is in place, food security programs and policies to protect farmers, such as Minimum Support Prices would come under siege. A few years back, India also passed the right to food for the people of the country. A stockpile of food grains is required to fulfil this statutory requirement. - This would mean India will face interference in its domestic matters. - The calculations for subsidies are done on the values of 1986-88, this does not account for inflation. - India demands to bring this under the green box subsidies where there is no limit. - The developed countries have been using Green Box subsidies to such an extent that it artificially increases production and effectively distort trade. This is also one of the issues raised by India. - India is an agriculture-driven economy and thus deems it necessary to provide agriculture support and fuel it"s PDS system. This helps address the issues of poverty and hunger which are rampant in the country. - Due to climate change, the frequency of floods and droughts is increasing. So Indian agriculture is facing lots of difficulties hampering agriculture production negatively. In such a scenario appropriate level of a buffer stock of foodgrains is necessary to avoid any unwarranted situation. The Buenos Aires meet saw a deadlock between the developed and developing countries. But WTO has assured that it is on it"s way to a permanent solution on the issue of subsidies and peace clause.	##Question:Discuss the peace clause offered by WTO. What were the concerns of India and the other developing nations on this issue? (150 words /10 marks )##Answer:Approach : Explain the "peace clause" according to the WTO in the introductory part. Concerns of the developed countries and the current position of WTO. India"s stand and the issues it has raised. Answer : The peace clause is a temporary agreement between developed and developing countries according to which no country would be legally barred from food security programs even if the subsidy breached the limits specified in the WTO agreement on agriculture. It was negotiated in the 2013 Bali meeting of WTO. It is supposed to function as an interim arrangement till December 2017, but no permanent solution has been in place even after the expiry of this period. It protects food procurement programs from subsidy ceilings. The developed nations are trying to make the permanent solution in a way that compliance would not be difficult for the developing countries. The developed countries are concerned that public stockholding acquires food at prices more than market prices causing distortion. eg the MSP scheme. Currently, developing countries are allowed a subsidy limit of 10% of agricultural production under the amber box. India is concerned - - that before the period of peace clause expires a permanent solution should be found to this issue. - if the clause expires before a permanent solution is in place, food security programs and policies to protect farmers, such as Minimum Support Prices would come under siege. A few years back, India also passed the right to food for the people of the country. A stockpile of food grains is required to fulfil this statutory requirement. - This would mean India will face interference in its domestic matters. - The calculations for subsidies are done on the values of 1986-88, this does not account for inflation. - India demands to bring this under the green box subsidies where there is no limit. - The developed countries have been using Green Box subsidies to such an extent that it artificially increases production and effectively distort trade. This is also one of the issues raised by India. - India is an agriculture-driven economy and thus deems it necessary to provide agriculture support and fuel it"s PDS system. This helps address the issues of poverty and hunger which are rampant in the country. - Due to climate change, the frequency of floods and droughts is increasing. So Indian agriculture is facing lots of difficulties hampering agriculture production negatively. In such a scenario appropriate level of a buffer stock of foodgrains is necessary to avoid any unwarranted situation. The Buenos Aires meet saw a deadlock between the developed and developing countries. But WTO has assured that it is on it"s way to a permanent solution on the issue of subsidies and peace clause.	32,107
To what extent the Nairobi Round succeeded in addressing the concerns of developing countries like India? (150 Words)	,	##Question:To what extent the Nairobi Round succeeded in addressing the concerns of developing countries like India? (150 Words)##Answer:,	32,108
Write short notes on the following: (100 words) a) Argentina Negotiations b) Doha round of negotiations	,	##Question:Write short notes on the following: (100 words) a) Argentina Negotiations b) Doha round of negotiations##Answer:,	32,109
तापमान की विलोमता(Temperature inversion ) क्या हैं? इसके जलवायविय और आर्थिक महत्व के साथ एस परिघटना के घटित होने के सम्बंधित विभिन्न क्रियाविधियों पर चर्चा कीजिए \|(200 शब्द )	,	##Question:तापमान की विलोमता(Temperature inversion ) क्या हैं? इसके जलवायविय और आर्थिक महत्व के साथ एस परिघटना के घटित होने के सम्बंधित विभिन्न क्रियाविधियों पर चर्चा कीजिए \|(200 शब्द )##Answer:,	32,381
निम्न पर टिप्पणी कीजिए (a) वायुदाब प्रवणता ( b) तापीय विलोमता ( temperature anomaly) \|	,	##Question:निम्न पर टिप्पणी कीजिए (a) वायुदाब प्रवणता ( b) तापीय विलोमता ( temperature anomaly) \| ##Answer:,	32,382
तापमान क्या है तापमान का विषमता के कारणों को लिखे \| (200 शब्द)	,	##Question:तापमान क्या है तापमान का विषमता के कारणों को लिखे \| (200 शब्द)##Answer:,	32,383
तापमान विसंगति क्या है \| विस्तार से समझाये \| (200 शब्द)	,	##Question:तापमान विसंगति क्या है \| विस्तार से समझाये \| (200 शब्द)##Answer:,	32,384
Discuss the features that makes Indian Constitution Federal.	,	##Question:Discuss the features that makes Indian Constitution Federal.##Answer:,	32,385
Differentiate between federal and Unitary form of government?	,	##Question:Differentiate between federal and Unitary form of government?##Answer:,	32,386
Enumerate the factors that led to establishment of EU. Explain the evolution of European Union in detail.	,	##Question:Enumerate the factors that led to establishment of EU. Explain the evolution of European Union in detail.##Answer:,	32,387
Write a short note on each of the following: a) Close door policy b) Great leap forward (50 words each)	,	##Question:Write a short note on each of the following: a) Close door policy b) Great leap forward (50 words each)##Answer:,	32,388
Discuss how Opium war caused Boxer Rebellion in China?	,	##Question:Discuss how Opium war caused Boxer Rebellion in China?##Answer:,	32,389
Compare the features of the Nagara style and Dravidian style of temple architecture. (200 words)	,	##Question:Compare the features of the Nagara style and Dravidian style of temple architecture. (200 words)##Answer:,	32,390
Khajaurao group of monuments is a UNESCO World heritage site in India. Elaborate the significant features of this style of temple architecture. (150 words	,	##Question:Khajaurao group of monuments is a UNESCO World heritage site in India. Elaborate the significant features of this style of temple architecture. (150 words##Answer:,	32,391
Discus the stages of evolution of the South Indian style of temple architecture (150 words)	,	##Question:Discus the stages of evolution of the South Indian style of temple architecture (150 words)##Answer:,	32,392
In many ways, Mysore in the 18th century in India represented an advancement over its other regional counterparts. Discuss (150 words/10 Marks)	APPROACH -Brief introduction about Mysore State -Explain the unique features fo Mysore that made it ahead of contemporaries -Brief conclusion ANSWER Haider Ali anf Tipu Sultan introduced a number of changes in Mysore’s structure of Admin which enabled a rise of Centralised system with more modern features. These changes were as follows: Political Structure In terms of political structure Mysore was considered far ahead of its 18th cent counterparts because Mysore since Haider Ali’s reign from 1754 onwards had a clear chain of succession unlike Mughals and Marathas had no major succession dispute to deal. Economic Structure Apart from political structure we can say in terms of economic structure Mysore saw under Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan a dedicated push to increase agricultural productivity by -Expanding area under irrigation -Promotion of sericulture, which was in huge demand in Europe -Promotion of cultivation of pepper and cardamom -They brought a vast improvement in efficiency of tax collection by appointing a batch of salaried revenue collecting officials. -More scientific system of tax assessment on the basis of fertility. -Thirdly an attempt was made in 1770’s to set up a state owned commercial trading corporation to establish trade relations with central Asian countries Persia, France etc. Arms Structure Both Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan were able military commanders who took a keen interest in modernising their military. -Haider Ali from 1760s onwards reorganised with French assistance on distinctly European lines. He established a centralised Risalah system in which each Risalah had a fixed number of soldiers and horsemen, the leader of each Risalah was military commander appointed by Haider Ali himself. In contrast to Mughals and Marathas this was a more centralised structure of controlled and administration of the army. -There was strong focus on technological advancement as they introduced the Mysorean rocket technologies from 1770s onwards within the army; moreover an arsenal factory was setup in Dindigul in 1760s. Thus Mysore had established a centralised revenue collection and military administration system which coupled with strong focus on technological advancement and increase in economic productivity converted it into a strong centralised state. Whereas Mughals and Marathas failed to address the key weaknesses of their political and economic structure.	##Question:In many ways, Mysore in the 18th century in India represented an advancement over its other regional counterparts. Discuss (150 words/10 Marks)##Answer:APPROACH -Brief introduction about Mysore State -Explain the unique features fo Mysore that made it ahead of contemporaries -Brief conclusion ANSWER Haider Ali anf Tipu Sultan introduced a number of changes in Mysore’s structure of Admin which enabled a rise of Centralised system with more modern features. These changes were as follows: Political Structure In terms of political structure Mysore was considered far ahead of its 18th cent counterparts because Mysore since Haider Ali’s reign from 1754 onwards had a clear chain of succession unlike Mughals and Marathas had no major succession dispute to deal. Economic Structure Apart from political structure we can say in terms of economic structure Mysore saw under Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan a dedicated push to increase agricultural productivity by -Expanding area under irrigation -Promotion of sericulture, which was in huge demand in Europe -Promotion of cultivation of pepper and cardamom -They brought a vast improvement in efficiency of tax collection by appointing a batch of salaried revenue collecting officials. -More scientific system of tax assessment on the basis of fertility. -Thirdly an attempt was made in 1770’s to set up a state owned commercial trading corporation to establish trade relations with central Asian countries Persia, France etc. Arms Structure Both Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan were able military commanders who took a keen interest in modernising their military. -Haider Ali from 1760s onwards reorganised with French assistance on distinctly European lines. He established a centralised Risalah system in which each Risalah had a fixed number of soldiers and horsemen, the leader of each Risalah was military commander appointed by Haider Ali himself. In contrast to Mughals and Marathas this was a more centralised structure of controlled and administration of the army. -There was strong focus on technological advancement as they introduced the Mysorean rocket technologies from 1770s onwards within the army; moreover an arsenal factory was setup in Dindigul in 1760s. Thus Mysore had established a centralised revenue collection and military administration system which coupled with strong focus on technological advancement and increase in economic productivity converted it into a strong centralised state. Whereas Mughals and Marathas failed to address the key weaknesses of their political and economic structure.	32,393
Enumerate the causes and consequences of the Carnatic wars?(100-150 words)	,	##Question:Enumerate the causes and consequences of the Carnatic wars?(100-150 words)##Answer:,	32,394
Seize of ARCOT was defining moment in history of 18 th century? comment . (200 words\|	,	##Question:Seize of ARCOT was defining moment in history of 18 th century? comment . (200 words\|##Answer:,	32,395
New Industrial Policy 1991 has both positive and negative impacts on the Indian economy. Explain the policy along with these impacts. (150 words / 10 marks)	Approach : Introduce theanswer by highlighting themajor features of NIP-1991. Discuss the positive impacts of NIP-1991 on the Indian economy. Anayalise the negative impacts of NIP-1991 on the Indian economy. Answer : New Industrial Policy(NIP), 1991 is considered as one of the major economic reform which seeks to enhance the productivity of the industrial sector by providing market orientation and increasing competitive stimulus. Positive Impacts on the Economy Technology Transfer - As the policy provided for 100% FDI in some of the segments that paved the way for technology transfer. This helped in achieving economies of scale that resulted in increased productivity of the Indian industry. Access to Credit - It provided greater opportunities for the Indian corporates to raise overseas funds at a cheaper rate. This helped to increase the profitability of the Indian industries. Collaboration with the foreign entity - This helped Indian industries to gain big with access to best global managerial practices. This resulted in increased efficiency and productivity. Delicensing - It helped in ease of starting the business. More number of private players increased competition among themselves. That converted producers" market into consumers" market with the surplus of the production. Boost to service Sector - India became the leading player in service provider in the field of IT, Hospitality, outsourcing etc. Per Capita Income- NIP played a significant role in increasing per capita income of India. A strong middle-income group get emerged in the economy which helped to fuel economic growth further with India becoming a strong domestic consumption based economy. Negative Impacts on the Economy Adverse impact on MSME - Because of the entry of the new players particularly MNCs in India created huge competition for MSME so much so that many MSME players wind up their business. Employment - NIP failed to create adequate employment opportunities in the economy. Further due to the introduction of modern technology and automation employment opportunities get reduced. Informalisation - The reduced role of PSUs and growth of the service sector led to the informalisation of the economy. Currently, more than 90% of the workforce is employed in the informal sector which does not enjoy any type of social security benefits. Though the NIP-1991 had some adverse impacts on the Indian economy, there is no doubt to accept the fact that the NIP brought radical changes in Indian economy such as-as opening of the economy, a greater role for market players, changing the role of the govt from theregulator to the facilitator etc.	##Question:New Industrial Policy 1991 has both positive and negative impacts on the Indian economy. Explain the policy along with these impacts. (150 words / 10 marks)##Answer:Approach : Introduce theanswer by highlighting themajor features of NIP-1991. Discuss the positive impacts of NIP-1991 on the Indian economy. Anayalise the negative impacts of NIP-1991 on the Indian economy. Answer : New Industrial Policy(NIP), 1991 is considered as one of the major economic reform which seeks to enhance the productivity of the industrial sector by providing market orientation and increasing competitive stimulus. Positive Impacts on the Economy Technology Transfer - As the policy provided for 100% FDI in some of the segments that paved the way for technology transfer. This helped in achieving economies of scale that resulted in increased productivity of the Indian industry. Access to Credit - It provided greater opportunities for the Indian corporates to raise overseas funds at a cheaper rate. This helped to increase the profitability of the Indian industries. Collaboration with the foreign entity - This helped Indian industries to gain big with access to best global managerial practices. This resulted in increased efficiency and productivity. Delicensing - It helped in ease of starting the business. More number of private players increased competition among themselves. That converted producers" market into consumers" market with the surplus of the production. Boost to service Sector - India became the leading player in service provider in the field of IT, Hospitality, outsourcing etc. Per Capita Income- NIP played a significant role in increasing per capita income of India. A strong middle-income group get emerged in the economy which helped to fuel economic growth further with India becoming a strong domestic consumption based economy. Negative Impacts on the Economy Adverse impact on MSME - Because of the entry of the new players particularly MNCs in India created huge competition for MSME so much so that many MSME players wind up their business. Employment - NIP failed to create adequate employment opportunities in the economy. Further due to the introduction of modern technology and automation employment opportunities get reduced. Informalisation - The reduced role of PSUs and growth of the service sector led to the informalisation of the economy. Currently, more than 90% of the workforce is employed in the informal sector which does not enjoy any type of social security benefits. Though the NIP-1991 had some adverse impacts on the Indian economy, there is no doubt to accept the fact that the NIP brought radical changes in Indian economy such as-as opening of the economy, a greater role for market players, changing the role of the govt from theregulator to the facilitator etc.	32,396
Write a short note on the following: 1. Fiscal Drag 2. Gender Budgeting	,	##Question:Write a short note on the following: 1. Fiscal Drag 2. Gender Budgeting##Answer:,	32,397
Discuss role of finance commission in transfer of funds from Centre to States.	,	##Question:Discuss role of finance commission in transfer of funds from Centre to States.##Answer:,	32,398
What are various criteria for classifying a state as a special category state? Also discuss various benefits obtained by these State.	,	##Question:What are various criteria for classifying a state as a special category state? Also discuss various benefits obtained by these State.##Answer:,	32,399
To what extent justice has been done to Part IV of the Indian constitution. (200 words\|	,	##Question:To what extent justice has been done to Part IV of the Indian constitution. (200 words\|##Answer:,	32,400
Write short note on the following: (100 words each) a) Significance of DPSP b) Concept of Welfare State	,	##Question:Write short note on the following: (100 words each) a) Significance of DPSP b) Concept of Welfare State##Answer:,	32,401
Discuss the possible factors that inhibit India from enacting for its citizens a uniform civil code as provided for in the Directive Principles of State Policy. (200 words)	,	##Question:Discuss the possible factors that inhibit India from enacting for its citizens a uniform civil code as provided for in the Directive Principles of State Policy. (200 words)##Answer:,	32,402
Explain the difference between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy.(200 words\|	,	##Question:Explain the difference between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy.(200 words\|##Answer:,	32,403
What is plantation agriculture? Mention its characteristics. And give issues plantation agriculture is facing in recent times. (200 words)	,	##Question:What is plantation agriculture? Mention its characteristics. And give issues plantation agriculture is facing in recent times. (200 words)##Answer:,	32,404
Differentiate between Extensive and Intensive Agriculture. (150words\|	,	##Question:Differentiate between Extensive and Intensive Agriculture. (150words\|##Answer:,	32,405
What are the different types of agricultural organisations? Discuss the relevance and challenges of cooperative farming globally. (200 words\|	,	##Question:What are the different types of agricultural organisations? Discuss the relevance and challenges of cooperative farming globally. (200 words\|##Answer:,	32,406
अरस्तू के अनुसार, अनुनयन ( Persuasion ) के लिए न केवल इथोस (वक्ता की विश्वसनीयता ) एवं लोगोस (तार्किक दलील ) अपितु पैथोस (श्रोतागणों से भावनात्मक संपर्क) भी सामान रूप से महत्वपूर्ण है \| टिप्पणी कीजिए\| (200 शब्द)	,	##Question:अरस्तू के अनुसार, अनुनयन ( Persuasion ) के लिए न केवल इथोस (वक्ता की विश्वसनीयता ) एवं लोगोस (तार्किक दलील ) अपितु पैथोस (श्रोतागणों से भावनात्मक संपर्क) भी सामान रूप से महत्वपूर्ण है \| टिप्पणी कीजिए\| (200 शब्द)##Answer:,	32,407
एक व्यक्ति के अभिवृत्ति ,विशेष रूप से युवाओं की ,को परिवर्त्तित करने में सोशल मीडिया की भूमिका की चर्चा कीजिए\|(200 शब्द)	,	##Question:एक व्यक्ति के अभिवृत्ति ,विशेष रूप से युवाओं की ,को परिवर्त्तित करने में सोशल मीडिया की भूमिका की चर्चा कीजिए\|(200 शब्द)##Answer:,	32,408
लोक सेवकों की अपने कार्य के प्रति प्रदर्शित दो अलग –अलग प्रकारों की अभिवृत्तियों की पहचान अधिकारीतंत्रीय अभिवृत्ति और लोकतांत्रिक अभिवृत्ति के रूप में की गई है \| (क) इन दो पदों के बीच विभेदन कीजिए और उनके गुणों-अवगुणों को बताइए\| (ख) अपने देश का तेजी से विकास की दृष्टि से बेहतर प्रशासन के निर्माण के लिए क्या दोनों में संतुलन स्थापित करना संभव है ? (200 शब्द),UPSC 2015	,	##Question:लोक सेवकों की अपने कार्य के प्रति प्रदर्शित दो अलग –अलग प्रकारों की अभिवृत्तियों की पहचान अधिकारीतंत्रीय अभिवृत्ति और लोकतांत्रिक अभिवृत्ति के रूप में की गई है \| (क) इन दो पदों के बीच विभेदन कीजिए और उनके गुणों-अवगुणों को बताइए\| (ख) अपने देश का तेजी से विकास की दृष्टि से बेहतर प्रशासन के निर्माण के लिए क्या दोनों में संतुलन स्थापित करना संभव है ? (200 शब्द),UPSC 2015##Answer:,	32,409
सामाजिक समस्याओं के प्रति व्यक्ति की अभिवृत्ति के निर्माण में कौन से कारक प्रभाव डालते हैं ?हमारे समाज में अनेक सामाजिक समस्याओं के प्रति विषम अभिवृत्तियां व्याप्त हैं \|हमारे समाज में जाति प्रथा के बारे में क्या-क्या विषम अभिवृत्तियां आपको दिखाई देती है ? इन विषम अभिवृतियों के अस्तित्व को आप किस प्रकार स्पष्ट करते है ? (200 शब्द),UPSC 2014	,	##Question:सामाजिक समस्याओं के प्रति व्यक्ति की अभिवृत्ति के निर्माण में कौन से कारक प्रभाव डालते हैं ?हमारे समाज में अनेक सामाजिक समस्याओं के प्रति विषम अभिवृत्तियां व्याप्त हैं \|हमारे समाज में जाति प्रथा के बारे में क्या-क्या विषम अभिवृत्तियां आपको दिखाई देती है ? इन विषम अभिवृतियों के अस्तित्व को आप किस प्रकार स्पष्ट करते है ? (200 शब्द),UPSC 2014##Answer:,	32,410
क्या भारत छोड़ो आन्दोलन अन्य गाँधीवादी आन्दोलनों की तुलना में भिन्न था ? समालोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन करें\|(शब्द 200)	,	##Question:क्या भारत छोड़ो आन्दोलन अन्य गाँधीवादी आन्दोलनों की तुलना में भिन्न था ? समालोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन करें\|(शब्द 200)##Answer:,	32,411
कैबिनेट मिशन के मुख्य बिन्दुओं का वर्णन करें\|	,	##Question:कैबिनेट मिशन के मुख्य बिन्दुओं का वर्णन करें\|##Answer:,	32,412
आज़ाद हिन्द फ़ौज के गठन एवं उसके महत्त्व की चर्चा करें\|	,	##Question:आज़ाद हिन्द फ़ौज के गठन एवं उसके महत्त्व की चर्चा करें\|##Answer:,	32,413