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I reside with those that are observant of the duties of their own order, or those that are conversant with the duties of
righteousness, or those that are devoted to the service of the aged or those that have their passions under control, or those that
are endued with cleansed souls or those that observe the virtue of forgiveness, or those that are able and prompt in action, or
with such women as are forgiving and self-restrained. I reside with those women also that are devoted to truth and sincerity and
that worship the deities. I do not reside with those women also that do not attend to household furniture and provisions
scattered all around the house, and that always utter words contrary to the wishes of their husbands. I always avoid those
women that are fond of the houses of other people and that have no modesty. On the other hand, I reside with those women that
are devoted to their husbands, that are blessed in behaviour, and that are always decked in ornaments and attired in good robes.
I always reside with those women that are truthful in speech, that are of handsome and agreeable features, that are blessed and
that are endued with all accomplishments. I always avoid such women as are sinful and unclean or impure, as always lick the
corners of their mouths, as have no patience or fortitude, and as are fond of dispute and quarrelling, as are given to much sleep,
and as always lie down. I always reside in conveyances and the animals that drag them, in maidens, in ornaments and good
vestments, in sacrifices, in clouds charged with rain, in full-blown lotuses, and in those stars that bespangle the autumnal
firmament. I reside in elephants, in the cow pen, in good seats, and in lakes adorned with full-blown lotuses. I live also in such
rivers as babble sweetly in their course, melodious with the music of cranes, having banks adorned with rows of diverse trees,
and restored to by Brahmanas and ascetics and others crowned with success. I always reside in those rivers also that have deep
and large volumes of rolling waters rendered turbid by lions and elephants plunging into them for bathing or slaking their
thirst. I reside also in infuriate elephants, in bovine bulls, in kings, on the throne and good men. I always reside in that house in
which the inmate pours libation on the sacrificial fire and worships kine, Brahmanas and the deities. I reside in that house
where at the proper time offerings are made unto the deities, in course of worship.[29] I always reside in such Brahmanas as
are devoted to the study of the Vedas, in Kshatriyas devoted to the observance of righteousness, in Vaisyas devoted to
cultivation, and the Sudras devoted to the (menial) service of the three upper classes. I reside, with a heart firm and
unchangeable, in Narayana, in my embodied self. In Him is righteousness in its perfection and full measure, devotion to the
Brahmanas, and the quality of agreeableness. Can I not say, O lady that I do not reside in my embodied form, (in any of these
places that I have mentioned, except Narayana)? That person in whom I reside in spirit increases in righteousness and fame and
wealth and objects of desire.'"
SECTION XII
"Yudhishthira said, 'It behoveth, O king to tell me truly which of the two viz., man or woman derives the greater pleasure from
an act of union with each other. Kindly resolve my doubt in this respect."
"Bhishma said, 'In this connection is cited this old narrative of the discourse between Bhangaswana and Sakra as a precedent
illustrating the question. In days of yore there lived a king of the name of Bhangaswana. He was exceedingly righteous and was
known as a royal sage. He was, however, childless, O chief of man, and therefore performed a sacrifice from desire of
obtaining an issue. The sacrifice which that mighty monarch performed was the Agnishtuta. In consequence of the fact that the
deity of fire is alone adored in that sacrifice, this is always disliked by Indra. Yet it is the sacrifice that is desired by men when
for the purpose of obtaining an issue they seek to cleanse themselves of their sins.[30] The highly blessed chief of the
celestials, viz. Indra, learning that the monarch was desirous of performing the Agnishtuta, began from that moment to look for
the laches of that royal sage of well-restrained soul (for if he could succeed in finding some laches, he could then punish his
disregarder). Notwithstanding all his vigilance, however, O king, Indra failed to detect any laches, on the part of the high-
souled monarch. Some time after, one day, the king went on a hunting expedition. Saying unto himself--This, indeed, is an
opportunity,--Indra stupefied the monarch. The king proceeded alone on his horse, confounded because of the chief of the
celestials having stupefied his senses. Afflicted with hunger and thirst, the king's confusion was so great that he could not
ascertain the points of the compass. Indeed, afflicted with thirst, he began to wander hither and thither. He then beheld a lake
that was exceedingly beautiful and was full of transparent water. Alighting from his steed, and plunging into the lake, he
caused his animal to drink. Tying his horse then, whose thirst had been slaked, to a tree, the king plunged into the lake again
for performing his ablutions. To his amazement he found that he was changed, by virtue of the waters, into a woman.
Beholding himself thus transformed in respect of sex itself, the king became overpowered with shame. With his senses and
mind completely agitated, he began to reflect with his whole heart in this strain:--Alas, how shall I ride my steed? How shall I
return to my capital? In consequence of the Agnishtuta sacrifice I have got a hundred sons all endued with great might, and all
children of my own loins. Alas, thus transformed, what shall I say unto them? What shall I say unto my spouses, my relatives
and well-wishers, and my subjects of the city and the provinces? Rishis conversant with the truths of duty and religion and
other matters say that mildness and softness and liability to extreme agitation are the attributes of women, and that activity,
hardness, and energy are the attributes of men. Alas, my manliness has disappeared. For what reason has femininity come over
me? In consequence of this transformation of sex, how shall I succeed in mounting my horse again?--Having indulged in these
sad thoughts, the monarch, with great exertion, mounted his steed and came back to his capital, transformed though he had
been into a woman. His sons and spouses and servants, and his subjects of the city and the provinces, beholding that
extraordinary transformation, became exceedingly amazed. Then that royal sage, that foremost of eloquent men, addressing
them all, said,--I had gone out on a hunting expedition, accompanied by a large force. Losing all knowledge of the points of the
compass, I entered a thick and terrible forest, impelled by the fates. In that terrible forest, I became afflicted with thirst and lost
my senses. I then beheld a beautiful lake abounding with fowl of every description. Plunging into that stream for performing
my ablutions, I was transformed into a woman!--Summoning then his spouses and counsellors, and all his sons by their names,
that best of monarchs transformed into a woman said unto them these words:--Do ye enjoy this kingdom in happiness. As
regards myself, I shall repair to the woods, ye sons.--Having said so unto his children, the monarch proceeded to the forest.
Arrived there, she came upon an asylum inhabited by an ascetic. By that ascetic the transformed monarch gave birth to a
century of sons. Taking all those children of hers, she repaired to where her former children were, and addressing the latter,
said,--Ye are the children of my loins while I was a man. These are my children brought forth by me in this state of
transformation. Ye sons, do ye all enjoy my kingdom together, like brothers born of the same parents.--At this command of
their parent, all the brothers, uniting together, began to enjoy the kingdom as their joint property. Beholding those children of
the king all jointly enjoying the kingdom as brothers born of the same parents, the chief of the celestials, filled with wrath,
began to reflect--By transforming this royal sage into a woman I have, it seems, done him good instead of an injury. Saying
this, the chief of the celestials viz., Indra of a hundred sacrifices, assuming the form of a Brahmana, repaired to the capital of
the king and meeting all the children succeeded in disuniting the princes. He said unto them--Brothers never remain at peace
even when they happen to be the children of the same father. The sons of the sage Kasyapa, viz., the deities and the Asuras,
quarrelled with each other on account of the sovereignty of the three worlds. As regards ye princes, ye are the children of the
royal sage Bhangaswana. These others are the children of an ascetic. The deities and the Asuras are children of even one
common sire, and yet the latter quarrelled with each other. How much more, therefore, should you quarrel with each other?
This kingdom that is your paternal property is being enjoyed by these children of an ascetic. With these words, Indra succeeded
in causing a breach between them, so that they were very soon engaged in battle and slew each other. Hearing this, king
Bhangaswana, who was living as an ascetic woman, burnt with grief and poured forth her lamentations. The lord of the
celestials viz. Indra, assuming the guise of a Brahmana, came to that spot where the ascetic lady was living and meeting her,
said,--O thou that art possessed of a beautiful face, with what grief dost thou burn so that thou art pouring forth thy
lamentations?--Beholding the Brahmana the lady told him in a piteous voice,--Two hundred sons of mine O regenerate one,
have been slain by Time. I was formerly a king, O learned Brahmana and in that state had a hundred sons. These were begotten
by me after my own form, O best of regenerate persons. On one occasion I went on a hunting expedition. Stupefied, I wandered
amidst a thick forest. Beholding at last a lake, I plunged into it. Rising, O foremost of Brahmanas, I found that I had become a
woman. Returning to my capital I installed my sons in the sovereignty of my dominions and then departed for the forest.
Transformed into a woman, I bore a hundred sons to my husband who is a high souled ascetic. All of them were born in the
ascetic's retreat. I took them to the capital. My children, through the influence of Time, quarrelled with each other, O twice-
born one. Thus afflicted by Destiny, I am indulging in grief. Indra addressed him in these harsh words.--In former days, O lady,
thou gayest me great pain, for thou didst perform a sacrifice that is disliked by Indra. Indeed, though I was present, thou didst
not invoke me with honours. I am that Indra, O thou of wicked understanding. It is I with whom thou hast purposely sought
hostilities. Beholding Indra, the royal sage fell at his feet, touching them with his head, and said,--Be gratified with me, O
foremost of deities. The sacrifice of which thou speakest was performed from desire of offspring (and not from any wish to
hurt thee). It behoveth thee therefore, to grant me thy pardon.--Indra, seeing the transformed monarch prostrate himself thus
unto him, became gratified with him and desired to give him a boon. Which of your sons, O king, dost thou wish, should
revive, those that were brought forth by thee transformed into a woman, or those that were begotten by thee in thy condition as
a person of the male sex? The ascetic lady, joining her hands, answered Indra, saying, O Vasava, let those sons of mine come
to life that were borne by me as a woman. Filled with wonder at this reply, Indra once more asked the lady, Why dost thou