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drawing water from it, they laboured very much for removing the creepers that covered its mouth. After the mouth had been
cleaned, they beheld within the well a very large lizard residing within it. The young men made strong and repeated efforts for
rescuing the lizard from that situation. Resembling a very hill in size, the lizard was sought to be freed by means of cords and
leathern tongs. Not succeeding in their intention the young men then went to Janardana. Addressing him they said, 'Covering
the entire space of a well, there is a very large lizard to be seen. Notwithstanding our best efforts we have not succeeded in
rescuing it from that situation.' Even this was what they represented unto Krishna. Vasudeva then proceeded to the spot and
took out the lizard and questioned it as to who it was. The lizard said that it was identical with the soul of king Nriga who had
flourished in days of old and who had performed many sacrifices. Unto the lizard that said those words, Madhava spoke, 'Thou
didst perform many righteous acts. No sin didst thou commit. Why, then, O king, hast thou come to such a distressful end? Do
thou explain what this is and why it has been brought about. We have heard that thou didst repeatedly make gifts unto the
Brahmanas of hundreds upon hundreds of thousands and once again eight times hundreds upon hundreds of ten thousands of
kine.[351] Why, therefore, has this end overtaken thee?' Nriga then replied unto Krishna, saying, 'On one occasion a cow
belonging to a Brahmana who regularly worshipped his domestic fire, escaping from the owner's abode while he was absent
from home entered my flock. The keepers of my cattle included that cow in their tale of a thousand. In time that cow was given
away by me unto a Brahmana, acting as I did from desire of happiness in heaven. The true owner, returning home, sought for
his lost cow and at last saw it in the house of another.' Finding her, the owner said, 'This cow is mine!' The other person
contested his claim, till both, disputing and excited with wrath, came to me. Addressing me one of them said, 'Thou hast been
the giver of this cow!' The other one said, 'Thou hast robbed me of this cow--she is mine! I then solicited the Brahmana unto
whom I had given that cow, to return the gift in exchange for hundreds upon hundreds of other kine. Without acceding to my
earnest solicitations, he addressed me, saying. 'The cow I have got is well-suited to time and place. She yields a copious
measure of milk, besides being very quiet and very fond of us. The mills she yields is very sweet. She is regarded as worthy of
every praise in my house. She is nourishing, besides, a weak child of mine that has just been weaned. She is incapable of being
given up by me.' Having said these words, the Brahmana went away. I then solicited the other Brahmana offering him an
exchange, and saying, 'Do thou take a hundred thousand kine for this one cow.' The Brahmana, however, replied unto me,
saying, 'I do not accept gifts from persons of the kingly order. I am able to get on without help. De thou then, without loss of
time, give me that very cow which was mine.' Even thus, O slayer of Madhu, did that Brahmana speak unto me. I offered to
make gifts unto him of gold and silver and horses and cars. That foremost of Brahmanas refused to accept any of these as gift
and went away. Meanwhile, urged by time's irresistible influence, I had to depart from this world. Wending to the region of the
Pitris I was taken to the presence of the king of the dead. Worshipping me duly Yama addressed me, saying, 'The end cannot be
ascertained, O king, of thy deed. There is, however, a little sin which was unconsciously perpetrated by thee. Do thou suffer the
punishment for that sin now or afterwards as it pleases thee. Thou hadst (upon thy accession to the throne) sworn that thou
wouldst protect (all persons in the enjoyment of their own). That oath of thine was not rigidly kept by thee. Thou tookest also
what belonged to a Brahmana. Even this has been the two-fold sin thou hast committed.' I answered, saying, 'I shall first
undergo the distress of punishment, and when that is over, I shall enjoy the happiness that is in store for me, O lord!' After I
had said those words unto the king of the dead, I fell down on the Earth. Though fallen down I still could hear the words that
Yama said unto me very loudly. Those words were, Janardana the son of Vasudeva, will rescue thee! Upon the completion of a
full thousand years, when the demerit will be exhausted of thy sinful act, thou shalt then attain to many regions of inexhaustible
felicity that have been acquired by thee through thy own acts of righteousness. Falling down I found myself, with head
downwards, within this well, transformed into a creature of the intermediate order. Memory, however, did not leave me. By
thee I have been rescued today. What else can it testify to than the puissance of thy penances? Let me have thy permission. O
Krishna! I desire to ascend to heaven! permitted then by Krishna, king Nriga bowed his head unto him and then mounted a
celestial car and proceeded to heaven. After Nriga had thus proceeded to heaven, O best of the Bharatas, Vasudeva recited this
verse, O delighter of the Kurus. No one should consciously appropriate anything belonging to a Brahmana. The property of a
Brahmana, if taken, destroys the taker even as the Brahmana's cow destroyed king Nriga! I tell thee, again, O Partha, that a
meeting with the good never proves fruitless. Behold, king Nriga was rescued from hell through meeting with one that is good.
As a gift is productive of merit even so an act of spoliation leads to demerit. Hence also, O Yudhishthira, one should avoid
doing any injury to kine.'"[352]
SECTION LXXI
''Yudhishthira said, V sinless one, do thou discourse to me more in detail upon the merits that are attainable by making gifts of
kine. O thou of mighty arms, I am never satiated with thy words!'
"Bhishma said, 'In this connection is recited the old history of the discourse between the Rishi Uddalaki and his son called
Nachiketa. Once on a time the Rishi Uddalaki endued with great intelligence, approaching his son Nachiketa, said unto him,
'Do thou wait upon and serve me.' Upon the completion of the vow he had observed the great Rishi once more said unto his
son, 'Engaged in performing my ablutions and deeply taken up with my Vedic study, I have forgotten to bring with me the
firewood, the Kusa blades, the flowers, the water jar, and the potherbs I had gathered. Do thou bring me those things from the
riverside.' The son proceeded to the spot indicated, but saw that all the articles had been washed away by the current. Coming
back to his father, he said, 'I do not see the things!' Afflicted as he then was with hunger, thirst, and fatigue, the Rishi Uddalaki
of high ascetic merit, in a sudden wrath, cursed his son, saying, 'Do thou meet with Yama today!' Thus struck by his sire with
the thunder of his speech, the son, with joined palms, said, 'Be appeased with me!' Soon, however, he fell down on the earth,
deprived of life. Beholding Nachiketa prostrated upon the earth, his sire became deprived of his senses through grief. He, too,
exclaiming, 'Alas, what have I done,' fell down on the earth. Filled with grief, as he indulged in lamentations for his son, the
rest or that day passed away and night came. Then Nachiketa, O son of Kuru's race, drenched by the tears of his father, gave
signs of returning life as he lay on a mat of Kusa grass. His restoration to life under the tears of his sire resembled the sprouting
forth of seeds when drenched with auspicious showers. The son just restored to consciousness was still weak. His body was
smeared with fragrant unguents and he looked like one just awaking from a deep slumber. The Rishi asked him, saying, 'Hast
thou, O son, acquired auspicious regions by thy own acts? By good luck, thou hast been restored to me! Thy body does not
seem to be human!' Thus asked by high-souled father, Nachiketa who had seen every thing with his own eyes, made the
following answer unto him in the midst of the Rishis, 'In obedience to thy command I proceeded to the extensive region of
Yama which is possessed of a delightful effulgence. There I beheld a palatial mansion which extended for thousands of
Yojanas and emitted a golden splendour from every part. As soon as Yama beheld me approaching with face towards him, he
commanded his attendants saying, 'Give him a good seat, verily, the king of the dead, for thy sake worshipped we with the
Arghya and the other ingredients.' Thus worshipped by Yama and seated in the midst of his counsellors, I then said mildly, 'I
have come to thy abode, O judge of the dead! Do thou assign me those regions which I deserve for my acts!' Yama then
answered me, saying, 'Thou art not dead, O amiable one!' Endued with penances, thy father said unto thee, 'Do thou meet with
Yama! The energy of thy sire is like that of a blazing fire. I could not possibly falsify that speech of his. Thou hast seen me. Do
thou go hence, O child! The author of thy body is indulging in lamentations for thee. Thou art my dear guest. What wish of
thine cherished by thee in thy heart shall I grant thee? Solicit the fruition of whatever desire thou mayst cherish.' Thus
addressed by him, I replied unto the king of the dead, saying, 'I have arrived within thy dominions from which no traveller ever
returns. If I really be an object deserving of thy attentions, I desire, O king of the dead, to have a sight of those regions of high
prosperity and happiness that have been reserved for doers of righteous deeds.' Thus addressed by me, Yama caused me to be
mounted upon a vehicle of splendour as effulgent as that of the sun and unto which were harnessed many excellent steeds.
Bearing me on that vehicle, he showed me, O foremost of regenerate persons, all those delightful regions that are reserved for
the righteous. I beheld in those regions many mansions of great resplendence intended for high-souled persons. Those
mansions are of diverse forms and are adorned with every kind of gem. Bright as the disc of the moon, they are ornamented
with rows of tinkling bells. Hundreds among them are of many storeys. Within them are pleasant groves and woods and
transparent bodies of water. Possessed of the effulgence of lapis lazuli and the sun, and made of silver and gold, their
complexion resembles the colour of the morning sun. Some of them are immovable and some movable. Within them are many
hills of viands and enjoyable articles and robes and beds in abundance. Within them are many trees capable of granting the
fruition of every wish. There are also many rivers and roads and spacious halls and lakes and large tanks. Thousands of cars
with rattling wheels may be seen there, having excellent steeds harnessed unto them. Many rivers that run milk, many hills of
ghee, and large bodies of transparent water occur there. Verily, I beheld many such regions, never seen by me before of
happiness and joy, approved by the king of the dead. Beholding all those objects, I addressed the ancient and puissant judge of
the dead, saying, 'For whose use and enjoyment have these rivers with eternal currents of milk and ghee been ordained?' Yama
answered me saying, 'These streams of milk and ghee, know thou, are for the enjoyment of those righteous persons, that make
gifts in the world of men. Other eternal worlds there are which are filled with such mansions free from sorrow of every kind.
These are reserved for those persons that are engaged in making gifts of kine.[353] The mere gift of kine is not worthy of
praise. There are considerations of propriety or otherwise about the person unto whom kine should be given, the time for