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transformed into a snake, O wretch of wicked understanding!' Thus cursed by Bhrigu who had not been seen. Nahusha
immediately became transformed into a snake and fell down on the earth, O chief of Bharata's race! If O monarch, Nahusha
had seen Bhrigu, the latter would not then have succeeded, by his energy, in hurling the former down on the earth. In
consequence of the various gifts that Nahusha had made, as also his penances and religious observances though hurled down
on the earth, O king, he succeeded in retaining his memory. He then began to propitiate Bhrigu with a view to the working out
of the course. Agastya also, filled with compassion, joined Nahusha in pacifying Bhrigu for bringing about an end of the
course. At last Bhrigu felt compassion for Nahusha and provided' for the working out of the course.'
'Bhrigu said, 'There will appear a king (on earth) of the name of Yudhishthira, the foremost of his race. He will rescue thee
from this curse.' Having said this, the Rishi vanished in the very sight of Nahusha. Agastya also, of mighty energy, having thus
accomplished the business of the true Indra, that performer of a hundred sacrifices, returned to his own asylum, worshipped by
all members of the regenerate order. Thou hast, O king, rescued Nahusha from Bhrigu's curse. Verily, rescued by thee, he
ascended to the region of Brahman in thy sight. As regards Bhrigu, having hurled Nahusha on the earth, he went to the region
of Brahman and informed the Grandsire of it. The Grandsire, having called Indra back, addressed the deities, saying. 'Ye
deities, through the boon I had granted him, Nahusha had obtained the sovereignty of heaven. Deprived, however, of that
sovereignty by the enraged Agastya, he has been hurled on the earth. Ye deities, ye will not succeed in living without a chief.
Do ye, therefore, once more install Indra in the sovereignty of Heaven.' Unto the Grandsire, O son of Pritha, who said so unto
them, the deities filled with joy, replied, saying, 'So be it!' The divine Brahman then, O best of monarchs, installed Indra in the
sovereignty of heaven. Made once more the chief' of the deities, Vasava began to shine in beauty and resplendence. Even this is
what occurred in days of yore through the transgression of Nahusha. In consequence, however, of the merits he had acquired
through acts of the kind I have mentioned Nahusha succeeded in once more regaining his lost position. Hence, when evening
comes, persons leading the domestic mode of life should give lights. The giver of lights is sure to acquire celestial sight after
death. Verily, givers of light become as resplendent as the full moon. The giver of lights becomes endued with beauty of form
and strength for as many years as correspond with the number of twinkles for which the lights given by him burn or
blaze.'"[448]
SECTION CI
"Yudhishthira said, 'Where do those foolish, wretched, and sinful men go, O chief of men, that steal or misappropriate such
articles as belong to Brahmanas?'
"Bhishma said, 'I shall, in this connection, O Bharata, recite to thee the old narrative of a conversation between a Chandala and
a low Kshatriya.'[449]
"The person of the royal order said, 'Thou seemest, O Chandala, to be old in years, but thy conduct seems to be like that of a
boy! Thy body is besmeared with the dust raised by dogs and asses, but without minding that dust thou art anxious about the
little drops of vine milk that have fallen upon thy body! It is plain that such acts as are censured by the pious are ordained for
the Chandala. Why, indeed, dost thou seek to wash off the spots of milk from thy body?'[450]
"The Chandala said, 'Formerly, O king, certain kine belonging to Brahmana were stolen. While they were being carried away,
some milk from their udders fell upon a number of Soma plants that grew by the roadside. Those Brahmanas that drank the
juice of the plants thus bedewed with milk, as also the king who performed the sacrifice in which that Soma was drunk, had to
sink in hell. Indeed, for having thus appropriated some thing that had belonged to a Brahmana, the king with all the Brahmanas
that had assisted him had to go to hell. All those men also, Brahmanas and Kshatriyas, that drank milk or ghee or curds, in the
palace of the king who had stolen the Brahmana's kine, had to fall into hell. The stolen kine also, shaking their bodies, slew
with their milk the sons and grandsons of those that had stolen them, as also the king and the queen although the latter treated
the animals with great care and attention. As regards myself, O king, I used to live in the observance of the vow of
Brahmacharya in that place where these kine were placed after they had been stolen away. The food I had obtained by begging
became sprinkled over with the milk of those kine. Having taken that food, O thou of the royal order, I have, in this life,
become a Chandala. The king who had stolen the kine belonging to a Brahmana obtained an infamous end. Hence, one should
never steal or appropriate anything that belongs to a Brahmana. Behold to what state I am reduced in consequence of my
having eaten food that had been sprinkled over with milk belonging to a Brahmana! It is for this reason that Soma plants
become unsaleable by a person possessed of wisdom. They who sell the Soma plant are censured by the wise. Indeed, O son,
they who purchase Soma and they who sell it, both sink in the hell called Raurava when, departing from this world, they repair
to the region of Yama. That man who, possessing a knowledge of the Vedas, duly sells Soma, becomes in his next life a usurer
and quickly meets with destruction. For three hundred times he has to sink into hell and become transformed into an animal
that subsists upon human ordure. Serving a person that is vile and low, pride, and rape upon a friend's wife, if weighed against
one another in a balance, would show that pride, which transcends all restraints, is the heaviest. Behold this dog, so sinful and
disagreeably pale and lean! (He was a human being in his former life). It is through pride that living creatures attain to such a
miserable end. As regards myself, I was born in a large family, in a former birth of mine. O lord, and I was a thorough master
of all branches of knowledge and all the sciences. I knew the gravity of all these faults, but influenced by pride, I became
blinded and ate the meat attached to the vertebral columns of animals. In consequence of such conduct and such food, I have
come to this state. Behold the reverses brought about by Time! Like a person whose cloth has taken fire at one end, or who is
pursued by bees, behold, I am running, penetrated with fear, and smeared with dust! They that lead the domestic mode of life
are rescued from all sins by a study of the Vedas, as also by gifts of other kinds, as declared by the wise.[451] O thou of the
royal order, a Brahmana that is sinful in conduct, becomes rescued from all his sins by the study of the Vedas if he betakes
himself to the forest mode of life and abstains from attachment of every kind. O chief of Kshatriyas, I am in this life, born in a
sinful older! I fail to see clearly how I may succeed in cleansing myself from all sins. In consequence of some meritorious act
of a former life, I have not lost the memory of my previous lives. O king, I throw myself on the mercy! I ask thee! Do thou
resolve my doubt. By what auspicious course of conduct should I wish to achieve my emancipation? O foremost of men, by
what means shall I succeed in getting rid of my status as a Chandala?'
"The person of the royal order said, 'Know, O Chandala, the means by which thou mayst be able to attain to emancipation. By
casting off thy life-breaths for the sake of a Brahmana thou mayst attain a desirable end! By throwing thy body on the fire of
battle as a libation to the beasts and birds of prey for the sake of a Brahmana, indeed, by casting off thy life-breaths thus, thou
mayst achieve emancipation! By no other means wilt thou succeed in achieving it!'
"Bhishma continued, 'Thus addressed, that Chandala, O scorcher of foes, poured his life-breaths as a libation on the fire of
battle for the sake of protecting a Brahmana's wealth and as the consequence of that act attained to a very desirable end. Hence,
O son, thou shouldst always protect the property of the Brahmanas, if, O chief of Bharata's race, thou desirest, O thou of
mighty arms, an end that is eternal felicity!'"
SECTION CII
"Yudhishthira said, 'O grandsire, it has been said that all pious men attain to the same region after death. Is it true, O Bharata,
that there is difference of position or status among them?'
"Bhishma said, 'By different deeds, O son of Pritha, men attain to different regions. They who are righteous in conduct attain to
regions of felicity, while they who are sinful attain to regions that are fraught with misery. In this connection is cited the old
narrative of the discourse, O son, between the ascetic Gautama and Vasava. A certain Brahmana of the name of Gautama, mild
and self-restrained and with all his senses under complete control, beheld an infant elephant that had lost his mother and that
was exceedingly cheerless on that account. Full of compassion and steady in the observance of his vows, the ascetic nursed that
infant animal. After a long time the little beast grew up into a large and mighty elephant. One day, Indra, assuming the form of
king Dhritarashtra, seized that mighty elephant which was as huge as a hill and from whose rent temples the juice was trickling
down. Beholding the elephant dragged away, the great ascetic Gautama of rigid vows addressed king Dhritarashtra and said, 'O
ungrateful Dhritarashtra, do not rob me of this elephant. It is looked upon by me as a son and I have reared it with much pain. It
is said that between the righteous, friendship springs up if only they exchange seven words.[452] Thou shouldst see, O king,
that the sin of injuring a friend does not touch thee! It behoveth thee not, O king, to take away by force this elephant that brings
me my fuel and water, that protects my asylum when I am away, that exceedingly docile and obedient to his instructor, that is
mindful of doing all the offices that his preceptor commands, that is mild and well-broken, and that is grateful and very dear to