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as we get into the second half of the 1930s , we see an increasingly aggressive nazi germany . in 1935 , they publicly announce their intent to rearm their military . the reason why this is significant is not that they were all of a sudden building their military . they , in fact , were doing this as soon as they had t...
and that , frankly , with the germans taking over this significant part of the population of czechoslovakia , a significant part of the industrial capacity of czechoslovakia , this eventually leads to early 1939 , where all of what we would now consider the czech republic -- this area right over here , all [ of ] this ...
is the `` bohemia '' mentioned in the video the original source for the term `` bohemian '' ?
as we get into the second half of the 1930s , we see an increasingly aggressive nazi germany . in 1935 , they publicly announce their intent to rearm their military . the reason why this is significant is not that they were all of a sudden building their military . they , in fact , were doing this as soon as they had t...
but they decided this is not reason to potentially start another war over . so they really do n't push back on germany . then , we get into 1938 , and german aggression really goes into full gear .
if britain was n't doing anything to stop germany how come the other european countries did nothing ?
as we get into the second half of the 1930s , we see an increasingly aggressive nazi germany . in 1935 , they publicly announce their intent to rearm their military . the reason why this is significant is not that they were all of a sudden building their military . they , in fact , were doing this as soon as they had t...
in march of 1938 , you have a coup d'état , orchestrated by the nazis in austria , that really overthrows the austrian government and allows the germans to unify the two countries . so , you have the germans come into austria -- really a bloodless takeover . and there was already popular support for the nazis in austri...
was there any hope for the germans to defeat the soviet union after december 1941 ?
as we get into the second half of the 1930s , we see an increasingly aggressive nazi germany . in 1935 , they publicly announce their intent to rearm their military . the reason why this is significant is not that they were all of a sudden building their military . they , in fact , were doing this as soon as they had t...
this 'anschluss ' -- or unification . and , if you remember , that was also another forbidden term of the treaty of versailles . so now , the germans are pretty much ignoring the treaty of versailles and the treaty of st. germain , which was the equivalent of the treaty of versailles -- but with the austrians . so , yo...
why were the germans told to not occupy it in treaty of versailles ?
as we get into the second half of the 1930s , we see an increasingly aggressive nazi germany . in 1935 , they publicly announce their intent to rearm their military . the reason why this is significant is not that they were all of a sudden building their military . they , in fact , were doing this as soon as they had t...
so , they call it the 'protectorate of bohemia and moravia . ' so , bohemia and moravia go to germany . and , so this is 1939 .
what do you think would have been a more effective response than aggression appeasement with germany ?
as we get into the second half of the 1930s , we see an increasingly aggressive nazi germany . in 1935 , they publicly announce their intent to rearm their military . the reason why this is significant is not that they were all of a sudden building their military . they , in fact , were doing this as soon as they had t...
and there was already popular support for the nazis in austria . there was a nazi party in austria . there had been popular sentiment for many years , amongst many austrians , to possibly be unified with the germans .
nazi aggression and appeasement , how was spain and portugal able to stay neutral during wwii ?
as we get into the second half of the 1930s , we see an increasingly aggressive nazi germany . in 1935 , they publicly announce their intent to rearm their military . the reason why this is significant is not that they were all of a sudden building their military . they , in fact , were doing this as soon as they had t...
but what we see , as we get into 1939 , is an aggressive germany , a germany that 's not being checked by the other powers of europe . and this is what eventually leads to september of 1939 , where , actually , the germans and the soviets agree to partition poland into their own spheres of influence , which allows germ...
what are the kind of people in rumania ?
as we get into the second half of the 1930s , we see an increasingly aggressive nazi germany . in 1935 , they publicly announce their intent to rearm their military . the reason why this is significant is not that they were all of a sudden building their military . they , in fact , were doing this as soon as they had t...
there had been popular sentiment for many years , amongst many austrians , to possibly be unified with the germans . austria [ was and ] is , fundamentally , a german-speaking nation . and so in march , this actually happens .
what is the treaty of `` saint- german- en- laye '' ?
as we get into the second half of the 1930s , we see an increasingly aggressive nazi germany . in 1935 , they publicly announce their intent to rearm their military . the reason why this is significant is not that they were all of a sudden building their military . they , in fact , were doing this as soon as they had t...
but what we see , as we get into 1939 , is an aggressive germany , a germany that 's not being checked by the other powers of europe . and this is what eventually leads to september of 1939 , where , actually , the germans and the soviets agree to partition poland into their own spheres of influence , which allows germ...
how are `` spheres of influence '' different than just partitioning and taking control of an area ?
as we get into the second half of the 1930s , we see an increasingly aggressive nazi germany . in 1935 , they publicly announce their intent to rearm their military . the reason why this is significant is not that they were all of a sudden building their military . they , in fact , were doing this as soon as they had t...
then , we get into 1936 . 1936 , you might remember -- another term of the treaty of versailles was that germany was not allowed to occupy the rhineland -- this area in yellow right over here . and then that was actually reaffirmed in 1925 by the treaties of locarno , where germany , itself , agreed to not occupy the r...
why did hitler occupy the rhineland when he knew that it was n't allowed ?
as we get into the second half of the 1930s , we see an increasingly aggressive nazi germany . in 1935 , they publicly announce their intent to rearm their military . the reason why this is significant is not that they were all of a sudden building their military . they , in fact , were doing this as soon as they had t...
and this is what eventually leads to september of 1939 , where , actually , the germans and the soviets agree to partition poland into their own spheres of influence , which allows germany to invade poland in early september [ of ] 1939 -- which is , you could kind of say , 'the straw that broke the camel 's back , ' a...
if it was the ussr and nazi germany who invaded poland why was the ussr part of the allies instead of the axis [ even though the nazis were anticommunist ] ?
as we get into the second half of the 1930s , we see an increasingly aggressive nazi germany . in 1935 , they publicly announce their intent to rearm their military . the reason why this is significant is not that they were all of a sudden building their military . they , in fact , were doing this as soon as they had t...
and this is what eventually leads to september of 1939 , where , actually , the germans and the soviets agree to partition poland into their own spheres of influence , which allows germany to invade poland in early september [ of ] 1939 -- which is , you could kind of say , 'the straw that broke the camel 's back , ' a...
why did britain and france declare war on germany for invading poland but did not declare war on russia for invading poland ?
as we get into the second half of the 1930s , we see an increasingly aggressive nazi germany . in 1935 , they publicly announce their intent to rearm their military . the reason why this is significant is not that they were all of a sudden building their military . they , in fact , were doing this as soon as they had t...
these regions are collectively referred to as the 'sudetenland . ' and really , just continuing the policy of not wanting to rock the boat with germany , you have france , great britain , and italy agreeing -- and italy was an ally of the germans . but france and great britain , in particular , are not interested in ro...
why did great britain just let germany take over and invade all those countries ?
as we get into the second half of the 1930s , we see an increasingly aggressive nazi germany . in 1935 , they publicly announce their intent to rearm their military . the reason why this is significant is not that they were all of a sudden building their military . they , in fact , were doing this as soon as they had t...
and this is what eventually leads to september of 1939 , where , actually , the germans and the soviets agree to partition poland into their own spheres of influence , which allows germany to invade poland in early september [ of ] 1939 -- which is , you could kind of say , 'the straw that broke the camel 's back , ' a...
did n't the soviet union already have the countries like estonia , latvia and poland ?
as we get into the second half of the 1930s , we see an increasingly aggressive nazi germany . in 1935 , they publicly announce their intent to rearm their military . the reason why this is significant is not that they were all of a sudden building their military . they , in fact , were doing this as soon as they had t...
the invasion of poland . -- which is the beginning of world war ii .
was hitler trying to make himself the king of the world so to speak ?
as we get into the second half of the 1930s , we see an increasingly aggressive nazi germany . in 1935 , they publicly announce their intent to rearm their military . the reason why this is significant is not that they were all of a sudden building their military . they , in fact , were doing this as soon as they had t...
and in hindsight , it might be easy to say , `` hey , look ! . they were allowing germany to take over more and more -- to become more aggressive , which made [ germany ] more and more confident . and this would eventually lead to world war ii . ''
what made them become germany 's ally again ?
as we get into the second half of the 1930s , we see an increasingly aggressive nazi germany . in 1935 , they publicly announce their intent to rearm their military . the reason why this is significant is not that they were all of a sudden building their military . they , in fact , were doing this as soon as they had t...
and really , just continuing the policy of not wanting to rock the boat with germany , you have france , great britain , and italy agreeing -- and italy was an ally of the germans . but france and great britain , in particular , are not interested in rocking the boat with the germans . and so , in september of 1938 , t...
why did britain and france ignore nazi 's aggression and appeasement ?
dr. beth harris : we 're in the leopold museum in vienna , and we 're looking at gustav klimt 's `` death and life . '' dr. steven zucker : klimt is taking older traditional scenes and reworking them and making them wildly contemporary , wildly modern . dr. beth harris : this is loosely based on the subject of the danc...
dr. beth harris : we 're in the leopold museum in vienna , and we 're looking at gustav klimt 's `` death and life . '' dr. steven zucker : klimt is taking older traditional scenes and reworking them and making them wildly contemporary , wildly modern .
what are the paintings shown and ?
dr. beth harris : we 're in the leopold museum in vienna , and we 're looking at gustav klimt 's `` death and life . '' dr. steven zucker : klimt is taking older traditional scenes and reworking them and making them wildly contemporary , wildly modern . dr. beth harris : this is loosely based on the subject of the danc...
this is not yet a learned consciousness . and the other eyes that are open are those of the young woman on the extreme left . she seems almost crazed , almost delusional . dr. beth harris : to me , it reads like death on one side and pleasure or sensuality on the other .
is it plausible that perhaps the `` crazed woman '' with her eyes open is welcoming death ?
i 've got this matrix , a , here , it 's a 2 by 3 matrix . and just as a bit of review , let 's figure out its nullspace and its columnspace . so the nullspace of a is the set of all vectors x that are member of -- let 's see we have 3 columns here -- so a member of r3 , such that a times the vector are going to be equ...
it 's equivalent to the subspace spanned by these rows . or we could call that the row space of a . let me write that down .
for a system of equations ax=b , how do you prove that the solution for x lies in the row space of a ?
i 've got this matrix , a , here , it 's a 2 by 3 matrix . and just as a bit of review , let 's figure out its nullspace and its columnspace . so the nullspace of a is the set of all vectors x that are member of -- let 's see we have 3 columns here -- so a member of r3 , such that a times the vector are going to be equ...
so this is the reduced row echelon form of a transpose . and its nullspace is the same as a transpose 's nullspace . we could say , to find this nullspace we can find all of the solutions to this equation times the vectors x1 and x2 is equal to 0 , 0 , and 0 .
is `` nullspace '' the same thing as the span of the `` kernel '' ?
i 've got this matrix , a , here , it 's a 2 by 3 matrix . and just as a bit of review , let 's figure out its nullspace and its columnspace . so the nullspace of a is the set of all vectors x that are member of -- let 's see we have 3 columns here -- so a member of r3 , such that a times the vector are going to be equ...
actually let me write this . the transpose right there . this transpose vector multiplying a from the left-hand side .
also , just to be sure , a transpose of zero matrix is zero right ?
i 've got this matrix , a , here , it 's a 2 by 3 matrix . and just as a bit of review , let 's figure out its nullspace and its columnspace . so the nullspace of a is the set of all vectors x that are member of -- let 's see we have 3 columns here -- so a member of r3 , such that a times the vector are going to be equ...
so we could also view this as the span of the row vectors of our original guy . this is that column that is the basis for the column span of the r transpose matrix . and of course this guy was a linear combination of that .
at 1 does sal mean `` column space of the r transpose matrix '' ?
i 've got this matrix , a , here , it 's a 2 by 3 matrix . and just as a bit of review , let 's figure out its nullspace and its columnspace . so the nullspace of a is the set of all vectors x that are member of -- let 's see we have 3 columns here -- so a member of r3 , such that a times the vector are going to be equ...
and we have another name for this . this is called the left nullspace of a . why is it called the left nullspace ? because now we have x on our left .
could the `` plain '' nullspace of a = n ( a ) also be called the right nullspace of a ?
i 've got this matrix , a , here , it 's a 2 by 3 matrix . and just as a bit of review , let 's figure out its nullspace and its columnspace . so the nullspace of a is the set of all vectors x that are member of -- let 's see we have 3 columns here -- so a member of r3 , such that a times the vector are going to be equ...
so , our nullspace , these can be any real numbers right here . they 're free variables . so our nullspace is essentially all of the linear combinations of this guy and that guy .
can there not be different free variables in one matrix ?
i 've got this matrix , a , here , it 's a 2 by 3 matrix . and just as a bit of review , let 's figure out its nullspace and its columnspace . so the nullspace of a is the set of all vectors x that are member of -- let 's see we have 3 columns here -- so a member of r3 , such that a times the vector are going to be equ...
we could write this as some matrix -- well let me just write it like this . some column vector x -- what 's the transpose of a transpose ? well that 's just equal to a .
how to proof the null space of a is equal to the null space of a-transpose x a ?
let 's now use what we know about the chain rule and the product rule to take the derivative of an even weirder expression . so , we 're gon na take the derivative , we 're gon na take the derivative of either the cosine of x times the cosine of e to the x . so , let 's take the derivative of this . so , we can view th...
so , this is going to be equal to derivative of cosine of something with respect to that something is equal to the negative sine of that something . negative sine of e to x , of e to the x . once again , we can view this as the derivative of cosine of e to the x , with respect to , with respect to e to the x .
can we factor out e^cosx from the solution ?
let 's now use what we know about the chain rule and the product rule to take the derivative of an even weirder expression . so , we 're gon na take the derivative , we 're gon na take the derivative of either the cosine of x times the cosine of e to the x . so , let 's take the derivative of this . so , we can view th...
so , this is going to be equal to derivative of cosine of something with respect to that something is equal to the negative sine of that something . negative sine of e to x , of e to the x . once again , we can view this as the derivative of cosine of e to the x , with respect to , with respect to e to the x .
does the final result e^x and e^ ( cos ( x ) ) could be combined together ?
let 's now use what we know about the chain rule and the product rule to take the derivative of an even weirder expression . so , we 're gon na take the derivative , we 're gon na take the derivative of either the cosine of x times the cosine of e to the x . so , let 's take the derivative of this . so , we can view th...
this , we got from the product rule . product , product rule . but then , to evaluate each of these derivatives , we need to use the chain rule .
how do you determine whether or not to use the chain rule with the product rule ?
let 's now use what we know about the chain rule and the product rule to take the derivative of an even weirder expression . so , we 're gon na take the derivative , we 're gon na take the derivative of either the cosine of x times the cosine of e to the x . so , let 's take the derivative of this . so , we can view th...
product , product rule . but then , to evaluate each of these derivatives , we need to use the chain rule . so , let 's think about this a little bit .
do you always use them together in problems such as y=5x^2 ( 3x^2 - 1 ) ?
let 's now use what we know about the chain rule and the product rule to take the derivative of an even weirder expression . so , we 're gon na take the derivative , we 're gon na take the derivative of either the cosine of x times the cosine of e to the x . so , let 's take the derivative of this . so , we can view th...
this , we got from the product rule . product , product rule . but then , to evaluate each of these derivatives , we need to use the chain rule . so , let 's think about this a little bit .
i am still a little confused what exactly is the difference between when to use the chain rule and when to use the product rule ?
let 's now use what we know about the chain rule and the product rule to take the derivative of an even weirder expression . so , we 're gon na take the derivative , we 're gon na take the derivative of either the cosine of x times the cosine of e to the x . so , let 's take the derivative of this . so , we can view th...
sine of e to the x , right over here . times sin , sin , of e to the x , we had negative sin e to the x times e to the x , negative sin of e to the x times e to the x , and then that multiplied by e to the cosine of x so we have the exact same thing right over here . and we 're done .
can you also factor out the -sin ( x ) and the e^cos ( x ) to get : - ( sin ( x ) *e^cos ( x ) ) ( cos ( e^x ) + e^x ) ?
let 's now use what we know about the chain rule and the product rule to take the derivative of an even weirder expression . so , we 're gon na take the derivative , we 're gon na take the derivative of either the cosine of x times the cosine of e to the x . so , let 's take the derivative of this . so , we can view th...
this , we got from the product rule . product , product rule . but then , to evaluate each of these derivatives , we need to use the chain rule . so , let 's think about this a little bit .
further , if we apply the chain rule right after we use the product rule , are n't we taking two derivatives of the same thing ?
let 's now use what we know about the chain rule and the product rule to take the derivative of an even weirder expression . so , we 're gon na take the derivative , we 're gon na take the derivative of either the cosine of x times the cosine of e to the x . so , let 's take the derivative of this . so , we can view th...
this , we got from the product rule . product , product rule . but then , to evaluate each of these derivatives , we need to use the chain rule .
so if we have sin ( e^x ) we use the chain rule for that one , not the product rule ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
i 'm going to actually just sketch out what her lungs might look like , assuming that the tb is in her lungs . this is actually the most common place we think of with tb , but not the only place . but let 's say that she 's got little red , i 'm going to draw it in red , bacteria here in her lungs , causing her to be v...
where is another place tb can be found ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and in this scenario , we 'd call it `` active '' ... because you 're actually seeing the bacteria thriving , we call this `` active tb infection '' . and that goes back to what we would label the other scenarios , these ones , and these ones together , we actually call both of them `` latent tb infection '' . and the ...
can latent tb be spread to other people ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , which is two letters : tb . so let 's say mom has tb . now , this is actually a diagnosis , right ?
why do you cough blood when you get tb ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
so this is actually a very easy one to remember , because `` tuberculosis '' is right here in the name . now i should point out mycobacterium tuberculosis is actually not the only cause of tuberculosis . it turns out there are few other kind of related mycobacterium , using this word `` myco '' , that also cause tb .
what other bacteria cause tuberculosis ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
now let 's play it out again . and let 's say in scenario 3 also you have a couple of bacteria in here , and just as before , you got a couple of immune cells that come by , and they swallow up these little bacteria , these are the macrophages i 'm drawing , swallowing up the bacteria , but let 's say that unfortunatel...
why would the macrophages not be able to destroy the bacteria ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
so these are just some examples of lower respiratory tract symptoms . and so i always think in my head : `` are they having constitutional symptoms ? '' if so , i put a check there .
can tb spread to other body parts ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , which is two letters : tb . so let 's say mom has tb . now , this is actually a diagnosis , right ?
if a woman with tb is pregnant , is the baby going to get tb from her while he 's in her uterus ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
usually it spreads through the air . and one person , the sick person is usually coughing a lot , and then the other person might breathe it in . so let me make a little bit of space on this canvas and let 's talk about what happens next .
does a person with tb need to be placed in isolation ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , which is two letters : tb . so let 's say mom has tb . now , this is actually a diagnosis , right ?
what happens if tb goes untreated for a long time ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
now i should point out mycobacterium tuberculosis is actually not the only cause of tuberculosis . it turns out there are few other kind of related mycobacterium , using this word `` myco '' , that also cause tb . but this one , the one i wrote out for you , this is definitely the most common around the world , and tha...
what type of cough would tb cause ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that .
why did you draw the left lung ( right on the diagram ) as having a rounded corner for both the mother and son ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
but let 's say that she 's got little red , i 'm going to draw it in red , bacteria here in her lungs , causing her to be very , very sick with tuberculosis . she could spread it to her son . but what are the different ways that she might spread it ?
exactly what is hep b and how does it spread ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , which is two letters : tb . so let 's say mom has tb . now , this is actually a diagnosis , right ?
what are the causes of tb ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
that 's another way that you might imagine that the bacteria could spread from her to her son . so different ways , right . now , of these ways , i 'm actually going to label this one over here , let 's say this is through the air .
is this a coincidence , or are the lungs formed as different shapes ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
i 'm going to call that `` duration '' . and these two offer really really helpful clues to figure out if someone has tb . and with symptoms , i 'm going to break it up into two categories .
is tb bacteria really red ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and this bacteria has the name `` mycobacterium '' . mycobacterium tuberculosis . so this is actually a very easy one to remember , because `` tuberculosis '' is right here in the name .
they said the disease was caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis but why is it called tuberculosis ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and this is again focusing on tb of the lungs , or the pleura , which is a space around the lungs , generally the symptoms have gone on for a little while . so these then become very helpful clues to figure out if someone actually has active tb infection .
what can someone do to prevent tb infection ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , which is two letters : tb . so let 's say mom has tb . now , this is actually a diagnosis , right ?
is tb easy to cure ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , which is two letters : tb . so let 's say mom has tb . now , this is actually a diagnosis , right ?
so in summary , tb has 4 random stages.. ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
maybe she says to him : `` hey , here , grab these keys '' and she 's been holding the keys all day , and then she gives him the keys and he holds the keys . there is another way , maybe the tb can touch objects in the environment , like a door knob or a key . and then there 's the most obvious way you might be thinkin...
what is the best way to protect yourself from tb ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
if you 're coughing very hard , you might have some blood or some little streaks of red that are blood in your sputum , so it could be bloody sputum . that would be another one . the sputum of course is just the mucus stuff that you cough up .
why is one lung bigger than the other ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and then `` how long is it going for ? '' and usually with things like active tb infection , i 'm thinking it 's got to be usually more than 3 weeks . so more than 3 weeks . and this is again focusing on tb of the lungs , or the pleura , which is a space around the lungs , generally the symptoms have gone on for a litt...
when rishi says that the duration of the symptoms should be around 3 weeks , how would this be a good measure if someone might have seen the doctor before then ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
now let 's play it out again . and let 's say in scenario 3 also you have a couple of bacteria in here , and just as before , you got a couple of immune cells that come by , and they swallow up these little bacteria , these are the macrophages i 'm drawing , swallowing up the bacteria , but let 's say that unfortunatel...
in why ca n't the macrophages destroy the bacteria ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
if you 're coughing very hard , you might have some blood or some little streaks of red that are blood in your sputum , so it could be bloody sputum . that would be another one . the sputum of course is just the mucus stuff that you cough up .
how exactly would tb affect your bones ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
that 's another possibility . so that would be possibility number two . so here the bacteria are gone . now let 's play it out again . and let 's say in scenario 3 also you have a couple of bacteria in here , and just as before , you got a couple of immune cells that come by , and they swallow up these little bacteria ...
when scenario 3 was in play , would n't the bacteria multiply in the macrophages ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
i 'm going to draw one alveolus here , and i 'm going to copy it a few times just so you can see a few different possibilities in terms of what might happen , and these represent the son 's alveoli . these are the son 's alveoli . and of course these are the tiny little air sacks at the very ends of the bronchial tree ...
it does not appear on most lists of causative organisms ; is it technically an infection of alveoli ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
so that would be possibility number two . so here the bacteria are gone . now let 's play it out again .
do the various bacteria reproduce on their own ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , which is two letters : tb . so let 's say mom has tb . now , this is actually a diagnosis , right ?
can tb be found in blood ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
so now you can see very clearly tb , the diagnosis is caused by a bacteria . so now let 's talk about how mom , who we said already is sick with tb ... i 'm going to actually just sketch out what her lungs might look like , assuming that the tb is in her lungs . this is actually the most common place we think of with t...
however , what if the tb does n't present in the lungs ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
now i should point out mycobacterium tuberculosis is actually not the only cause of tuberculosis . it turns out there are few other kind of related mycobacterium , using this word `` myco '' , that also cause tb . but this one , the one i wrote out for you , this is definitely the most common around the world , and tha...
what does the word `` latent '' mean ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
now let 's play it out again . and let 's say in scenario 3 also you have a couple of bacteria in here , and just as before , you got a couple of immune cells that come by , and they swallow up these little bacteria , these are the macrophages i 'm drawing , swallowing up the bacteria , but let 's say that unfortunatel...
in scenario 3 ca n't the bacteria multiply inside the macrophages at the pace that mycobacterium divides and so lead to rupture of macrophages and active tb because the macrophages ca n't digest it ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , which is two letters : tb . so let 's say mom has tb . now , this is actually a diagnosis , right ?
what happens to the tb ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that .
what can be the causes of vomiting and stomach ache in a child ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and these other ways , for example food and drink , that 's really not so common , that 's really really unlikely to be a way of spreading tb and in fact , even this down here is really not likely either . so the idea of getting tb by sharing food and drink or touching objects in your environment like the keys or the d...
so , was there ever a case where tb has been spread by touching things in you environment or sharing food ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and this bacteria has the name `` mycobacterium '' . mycobacterium tuberculosis . so this is actually a very easy one to remember , because `` tuberculosis '' is right here in the name .
what is the definition of mycobacterium tuberculosis ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
i 'm going to call that `` duration '' . and these two offer really really helpful clues to figure out if someone has tb . and with symptoms , i 'm going to break it up into two categories .
how do you know if someone has tb ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
but now , that 's the key new thing here . and in this scenario , we 'd call it `` active '' ... because you 're actually seeing the bacteria thriving , we call this `` active tb infection '' . and that goes back to what we would label the other scenarios , these ones , and these ones together , we actually call both o...
does this term refer to latent infection or to both latent and active infections ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and this bacteria has the name `` mycobacterium '' . mycobacterium tuberculosis . so this is actually a very easy one to remember , because `` tuberculosis '' is right here in the name .
what is the probability that latent tuberculosis will happen passed on by an active tuberculosis patient ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
but now , that 's the key new thing here . and in this scenario , we 'd call it `` active '' ... because you 're actually seeing the bacteria thriving , we call this `` active tb infection '' . and that goes back to what we would label the other scenarios , these ones , and these ones together , we actually call both o...
is there more probability that you will get active tb ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and this bacteria has the name `` mycobacterium '' . mycobacterium tuberculosis . so this is actually a very easy one to remember , because `` tuberculosis '' is right here in the name .
why does tuberculosis primarily affect lungs and not other organs ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
right , this is our son over here feeling really good , and we would say basically in this case , in scenario one , he 's healthy , because the bacteria never even got to his lungs . now , scenario 2 . let 's say that the cough actually was very strong and he was close by and he ended up breathing some of these in thro...
does anyone know what is the difference of scenario 3 and 4 in the son 's aveoli 3 ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
but now , that 's the key new thing here . and in this scenario , we 'd call it `` active '' ... because you 're actually seeing the bacteria thriving , we call this `` active tb infection '' . and that goes back to what we would label the other scenarios , these ones , and these ones together , we actually call both o...
in scenario 3 , since the tb bacteria is still able to survive , does n't the son get active tb this way ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and this bacteria has the name `` mycobacterium '' . mycobacterium tuberculosis . so this is actually a very easy one to remember , because `` tuberculosis '' is right here in the name .
are there different treatments for the different species of mycobacterium that cause tuberculosis or are they treatable by the same antibiotic ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
so in this case the first person would be mom , because she is sick , and it 's going to go through the air , down to her son . and these other ways , for example food and drink , that 's really not so common , that 's really really unlikely to be a way of spreading tb and in fact , even this down here is really not li...
thus the other ones really are not very likely cause of it spreading , so do we also take precautions to prevent those as well ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and this bacteria has the name `` mycobacterium '' . mycobacterium tuberculosis . so this is actually a very easy one to remember , because `` tuberculosis '' is right here in the name .
well , my question is how do catch mycobacterium tuberculosis in the wild , or can you only get infected by another person coughing on you ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , which is two letters : tb . so let 's say mom has tb . now , this is actually a diagnosis , right ?
what are some other causes for tb ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
if you 're coughing very hard , you might have some blood or some little streaks of red that are blood in your sputum , so it could be bloody sputum . that would be another one . the sputum of course is just the mucus stuff that you cough up .
how would you know that you have tb ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
that 's another possibility . once the bacteria get there , let me actually draw them on this little alveoli , in possibility number 2 , they might actually get picked up by little immune cells . so he has little cells that are patrolling the lungs , making sure they are nice and clean and healthy , and these little im...
6 can macro phages swallow white bloods cells and other good things to ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
now let 's play it out again . and let 's say in scenario 3 also you have a couple of bacteria in here , and just as before , you got a couple of immune cells that come by , and they swallow up these little bacteria , these are the macrophages i 'm drawing , swallowing up the bacteria , but let 's say that unfortunatel...
in diagram 3 would the bacteria stay there forever ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , which is two letters : tb . so let 's say mom has tb . now , this is actually a diagnosis , right ?
what 's the cure for tb ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
right , this is our son over here feeling really good , and we would say basically in this case , in scenario one , he 's healthy , because the bacteria never even got to his lungs . now , scenario 2 . let 's say that the cough actually was very strong and he was close by and he ended up breathing some of these in thro...
what 's the difference between scenario 2 and 3 ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and this bacteria has the name `` mycobacterium '' . mycobacterium tuberculosis . so this is actually a very easy one to remember , because `` tuberculosis '' is right here in the name .
what are the most similar diseases to tuberculosis ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , which is two letters : tb . so let 's say mom has tb . now , this is actually a diagnosis , right ?
can some taking medication able to transmit tb ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , which is two letters : tb . so let 's say mom has tb . now , this is actually a diagnosis , right ?
is there a vaccination for the prevention of tb ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and in this scenario , we 'd call it `` active '' ... because you 're actually seeing the bacteria thriving , we call this `` active tb infection '' . and that goes back to what we would label the other scenarios , these ones , and these ones together , we actually call both of them `` latent tb infection '' . and the ...
and for example ; if i was given the tb vaccination as a child would my body be exposed to tb and then i would have a latent tb infection in my body ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
but now , that 's the key new thing here . and in this scenario , we 'd call it `` active '' ... because you 're actually seeing the bacteria thriving , we call this `` active tb infection '' . and that goes back to what we would label the other scenarios , these ones , and these ones together , we actually call both o...
then later in my life could i develop active tb ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
now let 's play it out again . and let 's say in scenario 3 also you have a couple of bacteria in here , and just as before , you got a couple of immune cells that come by , and they swallow up these little bacteria , these are the macrophages i 'm drawing , swallowing up the bacteria , but let 's say that unfortunatel...
what are the possible reasons that the macrophages can not phagocytose the mycobacteria ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
there we go , we have four possibilities : possibility 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 . basically , we 'll go through different scenarios , different things that might happen when mom coughs . so maybe she coughs and the first possibility could be that the bacteria just do n't get far enough , they do n't actually make it to the son ...
what were to happen if that infected macrophage were to divide ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
so this is actually a very easy one to remember , because `` tuberculosis '' is right here in the name . now i should point out mycobacterium tuberculosis is actually not the only cause of tuberculosis . it turns out there are few other kind of related mycobacterium , using this word `` myco '' , that also cause tb .
are there ever vectors that cause transmission ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
and this is again focusing on tb of the lungs , or the pleura , which is a space around the lungs , generally the symptoms have gone on for a little while . so these then become very helpful clues to figure out if someone actually has active tb infection .
what happens if you have a tb infection ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
i 'm going to call that `` duration '' . and these two offer really really helpful clues to figure out if someone has tb . and with symptoms , i 'm going to break it up into two categories .
can someone taking medication ( antibiotic ) able to transmit tb ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
if you 're coughing very hard , you might have some blood or some little streaks of red that are blood in your sputum , so it could be bloody sputum . that would be another one . the sputum of course is just the mucus stuff that you cough up .
would there be another category under `` healthy '' for those who have been vaccinated against tb ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
if so , i put a check there . and then `` how long is it going for ? '' and usually with things like active tb infection , i 'm thinking it 's got to be usually more than 3 weeks .
how long is a vaccination effective ?
i 've drawn out for you a mother over here , a mom , and her son on the right . and it turns out that mom has tuberculosis , let 's assume that . and sometimes when you see `` tuberculosis '' written out the way i 'm writing it out , you 'll actually see it shorthanded , or kind of use the quick way of saying it , whic...
so that would be possibility number two . so here the bacteria are gone . now let 's play it out again .
bacteria is plural , correct ?
( jazzy piano music ) - [ steven ] we 're in the musée d'orsay , looking at déjeuner sur l'herbe , luncheon on the grass . - [ beth ] by manet , although it did n't originally have that title . it 's first title was the bath . - [ steven ] and there is really neither bathing -- - [ beth ] ( laughs ) - [ steven ] nor a ...
there 's no sense of finish , and for paintings that were approved by the jury for the royal academy , having a painting that was really worked on , where there was no sense left of the hand of the artist , that was the priority , and manet 's just flagrantly disregarding that . we also have a figure who seems naked , ...
what is the difference between naked and nude ?
( jazzy piano music ) - [ steven ] we 're in the musée d'orsay , looking at déjeuner sur l'herbe , luncheon on the grass . - [ beth ] by manet , although it did n't originally have that title . it 's first title was the bath . - [ steven ] and there is really neither bathing -- - [ beth ] ( laughs ) - [ steven ] nor a ...
- [ steven ] the the salon des refusés was set up by emperor napoleon iii , because so many works of art had been excluded from the official salon . but even though this painting was in the exhibition of rejected artwork , it still caused a storm of controversy , based both on what was being portrayed , but also its pa...
why would this painting be considered an impressionist painting ?