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introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressure—called turgor pressure—that normally supports the plant . why does water leave the cells ? the amount of water outside the cells drops as the plant loses water , but the same quantity of ions and other part...
why does the cells of stomata becomes flaccid instead of shrinking when they loss water from them ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
to answer it , let ’ s take a step back and refresh our memory on why diffusion happens . in diffusion , molecules move from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration—not because they ’ re aware of their surroundings , but simply as a result of probabilities . when a substance is in gas or liquid f...
what is the meaning of osmole , equivalent simply ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
for instance , if the fluid inside a cell has a higher osmolarity , concentration of solute , than the surrounding fluid , the cell interior is hypertonic to the surrounding fluid , and the surrounding fluid is hypotonic to the cell interior . tonicity in living systems if a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution , wa...
the first paragraph , under toxicity , when the net water solution moves outside of the cell , does that mean it loses equilibrium ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
there is no net water movement , so there is no change in the size of the cell . when a cell is placed in a hypotonic environment , water will enter the cell , and the cell will swell . in the case of a red blood cell , isotonic conditions are ideal , and your body has homeostatic ( stability-maintaining ) systems to e...
why would a cell want to lose water concentration , other than to exude waste products ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
under hypertonic conditions , the cell membrane may actually detach from the wall and constrict the cytoplasm , a state called plasmolysis ( left panel below ) . tonicity is a concern for all living things , particularly those that lack rigid cell walls and live in hyper- or hypotonic environments . for example , param...
hyper tonic movement is the opposite of that ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
this increase in solute , or dissolved particle , concentration pulls the water out of the cells and into the extracellular spaces in a process known as osmosis . formally , osmosis is the net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concen...
how does hyper/hypo tonic movement have any relation towards osmosis ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
there is no net water movement , so there is no change in the size of the cell . when a cell is placed in a hypotonic environment , water will enter the cell , and the cell will swell . in the case of a red blood cell , isotonic conditions are ideal , and your body has homeostatic ( stability-maintaining ) systems to e...
is there some sort of name for - in the human body - a cell shriveling up or exploding due to osmosis ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
for instance , if the fluid inside a cell has a higher osmolarity , concentration of solute , than the surrounding fluid , the cell interior is hypertonic to the surrounding fluid , and the surrounding fluid is hypotonic to the cell interior . tonicity in living systems if a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution , wa...
like , when there is a hypertonic solution and water escapes the cell membrane and shrivels up , can it reach a critical rate , or when there is too much of a hypotonic solution and the cell explodes , is there a name for that too ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
there is no net water movement , so there is no change in the size of the cell . when a cell is placed in a hypotonic environment , water will enter the cell , and the cell will swell . in the case of a red blood cell , isotonic conditions are ideal , and your body has homeostatic ( stability-maintaining ) systems to e...
what causes a cell to lyse at different rates when it is placed in solutions that have the same molarity but contain solutes of different molar mass ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
there is no net water movement , so there is no change in the size of the cell . when a cell is placed in a hypotonic environment , water will enter the cell , and the cell will swell . in the case of a red blood cell , isotonic conditions are ideal , and your body has homeostatic ( stability-maintaining ) systems to e...
is that enough time for breaking cell wall and cell membrane ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
this may sound odd at first , since we usually talk about the diffusion of solutes that are dissolved in water , not about the movement of water itself . however , osmosis is important in many biological processes , and it often takes place at the same time that solutes diffuse or are transported . here , we ’ ll look ...
how are substances transported by osmosis ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
this may sound odd at first , since we usually talk about the diffusion of solutes that are dissolved in water , not about the movement of water itself . however , osmosis is important in many biological processes , and it often takes place at the same time that solutes diffuse or are transported . here , we ’ ll look ...
what are the factors that affect the rate of osmosis ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
this increase in solute , or dissolved particle , concentration pulls the water out of the cells and into the extracellular spaces in a process known as osmosis . formally , osmosis is the net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concen...
surface area , size of molecules , concentration gradient and temperature are factors that affect the rate of diffusion , but what are the factors that affect osmosis ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
when a cell is placed in a hypotonic environment , water will enter the cell , and the cell will swell . in the case of a red blood cell , isotonic conditions are ideal , and your body has homeostatic ( stability-maintaining ) systems to ensure these conditions stay constant . if placed in a hypotonic solution , a red ...
is homeostatic a typo of some sort ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
for instance , if the fluid inside a cell has a higher osmolarity , concentration of solute , than the surrounding fluid , the cell interior is hypertonic to the surrounding fluid , and the surrounding fluid is hypotonic to the cell interior . tonicity in living systems if a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution , wa...
what would happen if there was a cell with a hypertonic cell in a hypertonic solute ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressure—called turgor pressure—that normally supports the plant . why does water leave the cells ?
why is turgor pressure important for plant cells ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
there is no net water movement , so there is no change in the size of the cell . when a cell is placed in a hypotonic environment , water will enter the cell , and the cell will swell . in the case of a red blood cell , isotonic conditions are ideal , and your body has homeostatic ( stability-maintaining ) systems to e...
what happens to the salt after the water has dissolved it in the cell ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressure—called turgor pressure—that normally supports the plant . why does water leave the cells ? the amount of water outside the cells drops as the plant loses water , but the same quantity of ions and other part...
how do you caculate water potential ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
a solution with low osmolarity has fewer solute particles per liter of solution , while a solution with high osmolarity has more solute particles per liter of solution . when solutions of different osmolarities are separated by a membrane permeable to water , but not to solute , water will move from the side with lower...
what is the definition of semi-permeable ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
a solution 's tonicity is related to its osmolarity , which is the total concentration of all solutes in the solution . a solution with low osmolarity has fewer solute particles per liter of solution , while a solution with high osmolarity has more solute particles per liter of solution . when solutions of different os...
what 's the difference between `` osmolarity '' and `` osmolality '' ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
there is no net water movement , so there is no change in the size of the cell . when a cell is placed in a hypotonic environment , water will enter the cell , and the cell will swell . in the case of a red blood cell , isotonic conditions are ideal , and your body has homeostatic ( stability-maintaining ) systems to e...
how would the water get in and out the cell membrane anyways ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressure—called turgor pressure—that normally supports the plant . why does water leave the cells ?
what is the significance of osmosis and osmotic pressure related to body fluids ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
the plasma membrane can only expand to the limit of the rigid cell wall , so the cell wo n't burst , or lyse . in fact , the cytoplasm in plants is generally a bit hypertonic to the cellular environment , and water will enter a cell until its internal pressure—turgor pressure—prevents further influx . maintaining this ...
why does turgor pressure counteract the movement of water into a cell ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
there is no net water movement , so there is no change in the size of the cell . when a cell is placed in a hypotonic environment , water will enter the cell , and the cell will swell . in the case of a red blood cell , isotonic conditions are ideal , and your body has homeostatic ( stability-maintaining ) systems to e...
is it because the cell wall keeps the cell from becoming too big which inhibits the water flow ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
in an isotonic solution—iso means the same—the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the cell , and there will be no net movement of water into or out of the cell . hypotonic , hypertonic , and isotonic are relative terms . that is , they describe how one solution compares to another in terms of osmolarity .
how do hyposmotic solutions compare/relate to hypotonic solutions and the same with isosmotic solutions to hypotonic and isotonic and hyperosmotic to hypo- , iso- , and hypertonic ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
tonicity the ability of an extracellular solution to make water move into or out of a cell by osmosis is know as its tonicity . a solution 's tonicity is related to its osmolarity , which is the total concentration of all solutes in the solution . a solution with low osmolarity has fewer solute particles per liter of s...
if we take little quantity of rbc 's and high quantity of normal saline , then extracellular salutes are higher than rbc 's , so this isotonic solution will become hypertonic solution or remain isotonic and why ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
there is no net water movement , so there is no change in the size of the cell . when a cell is placed in a hypotonic environment , water will enter the cell , and the cell will swell . in the case of a red blood cell , isotonic conditions are ideal , and your body has homeostatic ( stability-maintaining ) systems to e...
what happens when the cell membrane is permeable to solutes ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
the amount of water outside the cells drops as the plant loses water , but the same quantity of ions and other particles remains in the space outside the cells . this increase in solute , or dissolved particle , concentration pulls the water out of the cells and into the extracellular spaces in a process known as osmos...
do solute potential and pressure potential have anything to do with osmosis in cells ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
note that they will not become perfectly equal in this case because the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the rising water column on the right will oppose the osmotic driving force , creating an equilibrium that stops short of equal concentrations . tonicity the ability of an extracellular solution to make water move int...
how is it that the sole reason osmosis happens because of the tonicity of the solution , and it occured to me that since the net inflow does n't require energy ( or thats what i think ) wo n't the cell balance out the net inflow or outflow ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
there is no net water movement , so there is no change in the size of the cell . when a cell is placed in a hypotonic environment , water will enter the cell , and the cell will swell . in the case of a red blood cell , isotonic conditions are ideal , and your body has homeostatic ( stability-maintaining ) systems to e...
if the water molecules can get into the cell through osmosis , why ca n't they also come out of the cell ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
tonicity is a concern for all living things , particularly those that lack rigid cell walls and live in hyper- or hypotonic environments . for example , paramecia—pictured below—and amoebas , which are protists that lack cell walls , may have specialized structures called contractile vacuoles . a contractile vacuole co...
do other cells that do not have a cell wall have these types of specialized structures , or are they specific to these protists ( like red blood cells ) ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
regardless of the exact mechanisms involved , the key point is that the more solute water contains , the less apt it will be to move across a membrane into an adjacent compartment . this results in the net flow of water from regions of lower solute concentration to regions of higher solute concentration . this process ...
what else can a solute be in ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
tonicity the ability of an extracellular solution to make water move into or out of a cell by osmosis is know as its tonicity . a solution 's tonicity is related to its osmolarity , which is the total concentration of all solutes in the solution . a solution with low osmolarity has fewer solute particles per liter of s...
why is a isotonic solution always isoosmotic but and isoosmotic solution is not always isotonic ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
so , the net movement of molecules will be from a to b , and this will be the case until the concentrations become equal . in the case of osmosis , you can once again think of molecules—this time , water molecules—in two compartments separated by a membrane . if neither compartment contains any solute , the water molec...
does the concentration of insoluble molecules affect the rate of osmosis ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
this may sound odd at first , since we usually talk about the diffusion of solutes that are dissolved in water , not about the movement of water itself . however , osmosis is important in many biological processes , and it often takes place at the same time that solutes diffuse or are transported . here , we ’ ll look ...
why is it that only solutes ( soluble compounds ) affect the rate of osmosis ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
so , the net movement of molecules will be from a to b , and this will be the case until the concentrations become equal . in the case of osmosis , you can once again think of molecules—this time , water molecules—in two compartments separated by a membrane . if neither compartment contains any solute , the water molec...
the theory of solute molecules blocking water molecules from accessing the membrane makes little sense to me ... would the solute molecules not block h2o in both directions ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
this may sound odd at first , since we usually talk about the diffusion of solutes that are dissolved in water , not about the movement of water itself . however , osmosis is important in many biological processes , and it often takes place at the same time that solutes diffuse or are transported . here , we ’ ll look ...
if the non-polar behavior is not the same , could that support some sort of polarity effect driving osmosis as we see in biology ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
under hypertonic conditions , the cell membrane may actually detach from the wall and constrict the cytoplasm , a state called plasmolysis ( left panel below ) . tonicity is a concern for all living things , particularly those that lack rigid cell walls and live in hyper- or hypotonic environments . for example , param...
how would you explain osmosis with a non-living thing , for example a gummy bear ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
in an isotonic solution—iso means the same—the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the cell , and there will be no net movement of water into or out of the cell . hypotonic , hypertonic , and isotonic are relative terms . that is , they describe how one solution compares to another in terms of osmolarity .
what is the difference between iso-osmotic and isotonic ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
this is actually a complicated question . to answer it , let ’ s take a step back and refresh our memory on why diffusion happens . in diffusion , molecules move from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration—not because they ’ re aware of their surroundings , but simply as a result of probabilitie...
what are the consequences of diffusion and osmosis ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
so , the net movement of molecules will be from a to b , and this will be the case until the concentrations become equal . in the case of osmosis , you can once again think of molecules—this time , water molecules—in two compartments separated by a membrane . if neither compartment contains any solute , the water molec...
where do you find the greater concentration of water molecules ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
there is no net water movement , so there is no change in the size of the cell . when a cell is placed in a hypotonic environment , water will enter the cell , and the cell will swell . in the case of a red blood cell , isotonic conditions are ideal , and your body has homeostatic ( stability-maintaining ) systems to e...
since all cell membranes are semi-permeable , where in plants will the plnats absorb water through diffusion ?
introduction have you ever forgotten to water a plant for a few days , then come back to find your once-perky arugula a wilted mess ? if so , you already know that water balance is very important for plants . when a plant wilts , it does so because water moves out of its cells , causing them to lose the internal pressu...
hypotonic , hypertonic , and isotonic are relative terms . that is , they describe how one solution compares to another in terms of osmolarity . for instance , if the fluid inside a cell has a higher osmolarity , concentration of solute , than the surrounding fluid , the cell interior is hypertonic to the surrounding f...
i ca n't understand how can i change the extrancellular fluid osmolarity ?
introduction our modern understanding of dna 's role in heredity has led to a variety of practical applications , including forensic analysis , paternity testing , and genetic screening . thanks to these wide-ranging uses , today many people have at least a basic awareness of dna . it may be surprising , then , to real...
he realized that it was still possible that some contaminating substance present in small amounts , not dna , was the actual transforming principle $ ^3 $ . because of this possibility , debate over dna 's role continued until 1952 , when alfred hershey and martha chase used a different approach to conclusively identif...
you know how dna makes us different from any other person , well could it be so complex that we could have an attached mutation that makes us different from the human race ?
introduction our modern understanding of dna 's role in heredity has led to a variety of practical applications , including forensic analysis , paternity testing , and genetic screening . thanks to these wide-ranging uses , today many people have at least a basic awareness of dna . it may be surprising , then , to real...
the other sample was produced in the presence of $ ^ { 32 } \text p $ , a radioactive isotope of phosphorous . phosphorous is found in dna and not in proteins , so only phage dna ( and not phage proteins ) was radioactively labeled by this treatment . each batch of phage was used to infect a different culture of bacter...
do they incorporate the dead bacteria 's dna into theirs and start replicating it and producing proteins based on that newly acquired sequence ?
introduction our modern understanding of dna 's role in heredity has led to a variety of practical applications , including forensic analysis , paternity testing , and genetic screening . thanks to these wide-ranging uses , today many people have at least a basic awareness of dna . it may be surprising , then , to real...
but how did scientists first come to realize that `` boring '' dna might actually be the genetic material ? frederick griffith : bacterial transformation in 1928 , british bacteriologist frederick griffith conducted a series of experiments using streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria and mice . griffith was n't trying to id...
what does the word transformation mean ?
introduction our modern understanding of dna 's role in heredity has led to a variety of practical applications , including forensic analysis , paternity testing , and genetic screening . thanks to these wide-ranging uses , today many people have at least a basic awareness of dna . it may be surprising , then , to real...
he realized that it was still possible that some contaminating substance present in small amounts , not dna , was the actual transforming principle $ ^3 $ . because of this possibility , debate over dna 's role continued until 1952 , when alfred hershey and martha chase used a different approach to conclusively identif...
why were radioactive isotopes of sulphur and phosphorus used for the hershey-chase experiment ?
introduction our modern understanding of dna 's role in heredity has led to a variety of practical applications , including forensic analysis , paternity testing , and genetic screening . thanks to these wide-ranging uses , today many people have at least a basic awareness of dna . it may be surprising , then , to real...
because of this possibility , debate over dna 's role continued until 1952 , when alfred hershey and martha chase used a different approach to conclusively identify dna as the genetic material . the hershey-chase experiments in their now-legendary experiments , hershey and chase studied bacteriophage , or viruses that ...
how did hershey found out the precise location of the radioactive source at the end ?
introduction our modern understanding of dna 's role in heredity has led to a variety of practical applications , including forensic analysis , paternity testing , and genetic screening . thanks to these wide-ranging uses , today many people have at least a basic awareness of dna . it may be surprising , then , to real...
centrifugation causes heavier material , such as bacteria , to move to the bottom of the tube and form a lump called a pellet . lighter material , such as the medium ( broth ) used to grow the cultures , along with phage and phage parts , remains near the top of the tube and forms a liquid layer called the supernatant ...
is it like if you take your geiger counter near the source , the count rate increases ?
introduction our modern understanding of dna 's role in heredity has led to a variety of practical applications , including forensic analysis , paternity testing , and genetic screening . thanks to these wide-ranging uses , today many people have at least a basic awareness of dna . it may be surprising , then , to real...
the work of additional scientists around the turn of the 20th century , including theodor boveri , walter sutton , and thomas hunt morgan , established that mendel 's heritable factors were most likely carried on chromosomes . scientists first thought that proteins , which are found in chromosomes along with dna , woul...
why was the genetic material found in the pellet and not in the supernatant ?
introduction our modern understanding of dna 's role in heredity has led to a variety of practical applications , including forensic analysis , paternity testing , and genetic screening . thanks to these wide-ranging uses , today many people have at least a basic awareness of dna . it may be surprising , then , to real...
griffith concluded that the r-strain bacteria must have taken up what he called a `` transforming principle '' from the heat-killed s bacteria , which allowed them to `` transform '' into smooth-coated bacteria and become virulent . avery , mccarty , and macleod : identifying the transforming principle in 1944 , three ...
so does this mean that it was harshey and chase who proved dna as genetic material and not avery , macleod.and mccarty ?
introduction our modern understanding of dna 's role in heredity has led to a variety of practical applications , including forensic analysis , paternity testing , and genetic screening . thanks to these wide-ranging uses , today many people have at least a basic awareness of dna . it may be surprising , then , to real...
but how did scientists first come to realize that `` boring '' dna might actually be the genetic material ? frederick griffith : bacterial transformation in 1928 , british bacteriologist frederick griffith conducted a series of experiments using streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria and mice . griffith was n't trying to id...
what is the significance of griffith 's experiment ?
introduction our modern understanding of dna 's role in heredity has led to a variety of practical applications , including forensic analysis , paternity testing , and genetic screening . thanks to these wide-ranging uses , today many people have at least a basic awareness of dna . it may be surprising , then , to real...
griffith was n't trying to identify the genetic material , but rather , trying to develop a vaccine against pneumonia . in his experiments , griffith used two related strains of bacteria , known as r and s. r strain . when grown in a petri dish , the r bacteria formed colonies , or clumps of related bacteria , that had...
what made dna able to transform r-strains into s-strains cells ?
introduction our modern understanding of dna 's role in heredity has led to a variety of practical applications , including forensic analysis , paternity testing , and genetic screening . thanks to these wide-ranging uses , today many people have at least a basic awareness of dna . it may be surprising , then , to real...
today , we know that dna is not actually repetitive and can carry large amounts of information , as discussed further in the article on discovery of dna structure . but how did scientists first come to realize that `` boring '' dna might actually be the genetic material ? frederick griffith : bacterial transformation i...
how did they determine that the genetic material was not rna if both rna and dna have phosphorous ... wound't they have to distinguish between thymidine and uracil presence somehow ?
introduction our modern understanding of dna 's role in heredity has led to a variety of practical applications , including forensic analysis , paternity testing , and genetic screening . thanks to these wide-ranging uses , today many people have at least a basic awareness of dna . it may be surprising , then , to real...
introduction our modern understanding of dna 's role in heredity has led to a variety of practical applications , including forensic analysis , paternity testing , and genetic screening . thanks to these wide-ranging uses , today many people have at least a basic awareness of dna .
what is the central idea of chromosomal theory of heridity ?
introduction our modern understanding of dna 's role in heredity has led to a variety of practical applications , including forensic analysis , paternity testing , and genetic screening . thanks to these wide-ranging uses , today many people have at least a basic awareness of dna . it may be surprising , then , to real...
however , it still was n't clear how such a seemingly simple molecule could encode the genetic information needed to build a complex organism . additional research by many scientists , including erwin chargaff , james watson , francis crick , and rosalind franklin , led to the discovery of dna structure , clarifying ho...
how did rosalind franklin contribute to the study of dna ?
introduction our modern understanding of dna 's role in heredity has led to a variety of practical applications , including forensic analysis , paternity testing , and genetic screening . thanks to these wide-ranging uses , today many people have at least a basic awareness of dna . it may be surprising , then , to real...
before the experiment , hershey thought that the genetic material would prove to be protein $ ^4 $ . to establish whether the phage injected dna or protein into host bacteria , hershey and chase prepared two different batches of phage . in each batch , the phage were produced in the presence of a specific radioactive e...
compare your two strands of dna a what do they have in common and what is different about them ?
compassionate and merciful this is an image of the compassionate and merciful bodhisattva avalokiteshvara . bodhisattvas are enlightened beings who are destined to become buddhas but postpone that final state in order to help humanity . the name avalokiteshvara means “ lord who looks down with compassion. ” avalokitesh...
compassionate and merciful this is an image of the compassionate and merciful bodhisattva avalokiteshvara . bodhisattvas are enlightened beings who are destined to become buddhas but postpone that final state in order to help humanity .
what was this image of bodhisattva avalokiteshvara made from ?
compassionate and merciful this is an image of the compassionate and merciful bodhisattva avalokiteshvara . bodhisattvas are enlightened beings who are destined to become buddhas but postpone that final state in order to help humanity . the name avalokiteshvara means “ lord who looks down with compassion. ” avalokitesh...
his presence confirms the compassionate nature of the bodhisattva . near the middle of the base , a monk holds the stem of the lotus on which the deity rests his foot . behind this monk , another monk and a layperson ( perhaps a woman ) sit in worshipful postures .
why are women holding up his foot ?
the hard work of the scribe `` the fingers write , but the whole body suffers , '' ( medieval saying ) parchment makers prepared skins , scribes cut their pens and filled their ink pots , and binders packed their workshops with leather and wood . all these activities would be in vain were it not for the single event th...
caroline minuscule looks familiar to our modern eyes because producers of typeface working for early italian printers used it as a model . in fact , the ubiquitous default font `` times roman '' on our computers is also based on caroline minuscule . the transition to gothic script from the middle of the eleventh centur...
also , in the days before `` spell check '' was invented ... how would scribes have maintained consistency of spelling ... if in fact they did at all ?
the hard work of the scribe `` the fingers write , but the whole body suffers , '' ( medieval saying ) parchment makers prepared skins , scribes cut their pens and filled their ink pots , and binders packed their workshops with leather and wood . all these activities would be in vain were it not for the single event th...
`` my maker is from germany , '' a letter or abbreviation may for example say . from time to time scribes would even say so explicitly , in a colophon at the end of the book . the main book script of the middle ages : caroline minuscule caroline minuscule is the primary script of the early middle ages .
what is a `` colophon '' ?
the hard work of the scribe `` the fingers write , but the whole body suffers , '' ( medieval saying ) parchment makers prepared skins , scribes cut their pens and filled their ink pots , and binders packed their workshops with leather and wood . all these activities would be in vain were it not for the single event th...
a cohesive and unifying script was needed if his administration was to function properly . caroline minuscule looks familiar to our modern eyes because producers of typeface working for early italian printers used it as a model . in fact , the ubiquitous default font `` times roman '' on our computers is also based on ...
why was caroline minuscule used as a model for modern fonts in printers and computers ?
the hard work of the scribe `` the fingers write , but the whole body suffers , '' ( medieval saying ) parchment makers prepared skins , scribes cut their pens and filled their ink pots , and binders packed their workshops with leather and wood . all these activities would be in vain were it not for the single event th...
by the early fifteenth century these two script forms were equally popular , although cursive script was introduced much later in book production . the introduction of cursive script is part of a broadening palette of scripts . this expansion may have resulted from the commercialization of book production—a consequence...
was it because of it 's likeness with modern scripts ?
the hard work of the scribe `` the fingers write , but the whole body suffers , '' ( medieval saying ) parchment makers prepared skins , scribes cut their pens and filled their ink pots , and binders packed their workshops with leather and wood . all these activities would be in vain were it not for the single event th...
it is an elegant script with a particularly round and spacious appearance because charlemagne had conquered a vast amount of territory during his reign , he found himself with an empire of many cultures , each with its own style of handwriting . a cohesive and unifying script was needed if his administration was to fun...
why was it so hard for `` his administration was to function properly '' , if everyone had different handwriting , because is n't it the same language ?
the hard work of the scribe `` the fingers write , but the whole body suffers , '' ( medieval saying ) parchment makers prepared skins , scribes cut their pens and filled their ink pots , and binders packed their workshops with leather and wood . all these activities would be in vain were it not for the single event th...
on the other side there are more casual cursive scripts , which were written with a thinner pen and featured connecting loops . by the early fifteenth century these two script forms were equally popular , although cursive script was introduced much later in book production . the introduction of cursive script is part o...
so if cursive came after book script , when did our modern writing style come into existence ?
overview the greeks made important contributions to philosophy , mathematics , astronomy , and medicine . literature and theatre was an important aspect of greek culture and influenced modern drama . the greeks were known for their sophisticated sculpture and architecture . greek culture influenced the roman empire and...
it emphasized logic and championed the idea of impartial , rational observation of the natural world . the greeks made major contributions to math and science . we owe our basic ideas about geometry and the concept of mathematical proofs to ancient greek mathematicians such as pythagoras , euclid , and archimedes .
did the greeks build on that knowledge ?
overview the greeks made important contributions to philosophy , mathematics , astronomy , and medicine . literature and theatre was an important aspect of greek culture and influenced modern drama . the greeks were known for their sophisticated sculpture and architecture . greek culture influenced the roman empire and...
it emphasized logic and championed the idea of impartial , rational observation of the natural world . the greeks made major contributions to math and science . we owe our basic ideas about geometry and the concept of mathematical proofs to ancient greek mathematicians such as pythagoras , euclid , and archimedes .
what tools did the greeks use to observe the starlit sky ?
overview the greeks made important contributions to philosophy , mathematics , astronomy , and medicine . literature and theatre was an important aspect of greek culture and influenced modern drama . the greeks were known for their sophisticated sculpture and architecture . greek culture influenced the roman empire and...
it emphasized logic and championed the idea of impartial , rational observation of the natural world . the greeks made major contributions to math and science . we owe our basic ideas about geometry and the concept of mathematical proofs to ancient greek mathematicians such as pythagoras , euclid , and archimedes .
why did the greeks make so many sculptures with no arms ?
overview ronald reagan , a conservative republican , won the 1980 presidential election in a landslide . he won reelection in 1984 by one of the largest margins in us history . reagan ’ s campaign brought together a “ new right ” coalition of economic conservatives , members of the christian right , working-class white...
reagan also promised to end the double-digit inflation that characterized jimmy carter 's presidency , and restore both americans ' faith in their country and america ’ s status in the world . “ let ’ s make america great again , ” the candidate and his campaign posters declared. $ ^3 $ reagan also addressed key concer...
did donald trump adopt the `` let 's make america great again '' mantra from reagan ?
overview ronald reagan , a conservative republican , won the 1980 presidential election in a landslide . he won reelection in 1984 by one of the largest margins in us history . reagan ’ s campaign brought together a “ new right ” coalition of economic conservatives , members of the christian right , working-class white...
over the course of his presidency , inflation and unemployment fell , while the national debt nearly tripled . the political career of ronald reagan a two-term president ( 1981-1989 ) , ronald reagan headed one of the most successful coalitions of political conservatives in american history . born in 1911 in northern i...
how did reagan get to be a hollywood actor ?
overview ronald reagan , a conservative republican , won the 1980 presidential election in a landslide . he won reelection in 1984 by one of the largest margins in us history . reagan ’ s campaign brought together a “ new right ” coalition of economic conservatives , members of the christian right , working-class white...
over the course of his presidency , inflation and unemployment fell , while the national debt nearly tripled . the political career of ronald reagan a two-term president ( 1981-1989 ) , ronald reagan headed one of the most successful coalitions of political conservatives in american history . born in 1911 in northern i...
did ronald reagan become president before or after may 18 , 1980 ?
overview ronald reagan , a conservative republican , won the 1980 presidential election in a landslide . he won reelection in 1984 by one of the largest margins in us history . reagan ’ s campaign brought together a “ new right ” coalition of economic conservatives , members of the christian right , working-class white...
over the course of his presidency , inflation and unemployment fell , while the national debt nearly tripled . the political career of ronald reagan a two-term president ( 1981-1989 ) , ronald reagan headed one of the most successful coalitions of political conservatives in american history . born in 1911 in northern i...
is it correct to say , ronald reagan lowered the taxes at first using concepts of keynesian economics and when he saw the economy was going beyond its comfortably production rate , he increased taxes to cool down the economy ?
overview ronald reagan , a conservative republican , won the 1980 presidential election in a landslide . he won reelection in 1984 by one of the largest margins in us history . reagan ’ s campaign brought together a “ new right ” coalition of economic conservatives , members of the christian right , working-class white...
over the course of his presidency , inflation and unemployment fell , while the national debt nearly tripled . the political career of ronald reagan a two-term president ( 1981-1989 ) , ronald reagan headed one of the most successful coalitions of political conservatives in american history . born in 1911 in northern i...
were there any mistakes the reagan made ?
overview ronald reagan , a conservative republican , won the 1980 presidential election in a landslide . he won reelection in 1984 by one of the largest margins in us history . reagan ’ s campaign brought together a “ new right ” coalition of economic conservatives , members of the christian right , working-class white...
he called for a “ return to spiritual values ” as a means of strengthening traditional families and communities , advocated a constitutional amendment to ban abortion , and another constitutional amendment to permit organized prayer in public schools. $ ^4 $ president reagan earned the nickname “ the great communicator...
did any economist criticized that , what the economic drop down in j bush terms , was really birth reagonomics ?
in 1978 , electrical workers in mexico city came across a remarkable discovery . while digging near the main plaza , they found a finely carved stone monolith that displayed a dismembered and decapitated woman . immediately , they knew they found something special . shortly thereafter , archaeologists realized that the...
the tlaloc temple at the top center of the tlaloc temple is a sculpture of a male figure on his back painted in blue and red . the figure holds a vessel on his abdomen likely to receive offerings . this type of sculpture is called a chacmool , and is older than the mexica .
what type of offerings would have been given ?
in 1978 , electrical workers in mexico city came across a remarkable discovery . while digging near the main plaza , they found a finely carved stone monolith that displayed a dismembered and decapitated woman . immediately , they knew they found something special . shortly thereafter , archaeologists realized that the...
in 1978 , electrical workers in mexico city came across a remarkable discovery . while digging near the main plaza , they found a finely carved stone monolith that displayed a dismembered and decapitated woman .
why is everything so creepy ?
in 1978 , electrical workers in mexico city came across a remarkable discovery . while digging near the main plaza , they found a finely carved stone monolith that displayed a dismembered and decapitated woman . immediately , they knew they found something special . shortly thereafter , archaeologists realized that the...
pieces of bone stick out from her limbs . the monolith relates to an important myth : the birth of the mexica patron deity , huitzilopochtli . apparently , huitzilopochtli ’ s mother , coatlicue ( snakes-her-skirt ) , became pregnant one day from a piece of down that entered her skirt .
is the spelling of the mexica patron deity huitzilopochtli or huiztilopochtli ?
in 1978 , electrical workers in mexico city came across a remarkable discovery . while digging near the main plaza , they found a finely carved stone monolith that displayed a dismembered and decapitated woman . immediately , they knew they found something special . shortly thereafter , archaeologists realized that the...
the monolith relates to an important myth : the birth of the mexica patron deity , huitzilopochtli . apparently , huitzilopochtli ’ s mother , coatlicue ( snakes-her-skirt ) , became pregnant one day from a piece of down that entered her skirt . her daughter , coyolxauhqui , became angry when she heard that her mother ...
how did coatlicue get pregnant by a piece of down ?
in 1978 , electrical workers in mexico city came across a remarkable discovery . while digging near the main plaza , they found a finely carved stone monolith that displayed a dismembered and decapitated woman . immediately , they knew they found something special . shortly thereafter , archaeologists realized that the...
this is known as the altar of the frogs . the croaking of frogs was thought to herald the coming of the rainy season , and so they are connected to tlaloc . while huiztilopochtli ’ s temple symbolized coatepec , tlaloc ’ s temple was likely intended to symbolize the mountain of sustenance , or tonacatepetl .
how do they know that the croaking of frogs was believed to announce the coming of the rain ?
in 1978 , electrical workers in mexico city came across a remarkable discovery . while digging near the main plaza , they found a finely carved stone monolith that displayed a dismembered and decapitated woman . immediately , they knew they found something special . shortly thereafter , archaeologists realized that the...
paired together on the templo mayor , the two deities symbolized the mexica concept of atl-tlachinolli , or burnt water , which connoted warfare—the primary way in which the mexica acquired their power and wealth . the huitzilopochtli temple in the center of the huitzilopochtli temple was a sacrificial stone . near the...
why was the temple built to this scale , and is it significant for any reason ?
biome is another name for a distinct type of ecosystem . biomes are characterized by their climate , which determines the particular plants found there . the climate and the plants in a biome determine what animals live there . this article addresses the climate and biodiversity of one of earth ’ s most diverse and ico...
this article addresses the climate and biodiversity of one of earth ’ s most diverse and iconic biomes : the tropical rainforest . the tropical rainforest biome has four main characteristics : very high annual rainfall , high average temperatures , nutrient-poor soil , and high levels of biodiversity ( species richness...
which biome has trees , vines , the canopy , colorful plants and animals , and high rainfall ?
biome is another name for a distinct type of ecosystem . biomes are characterized by their climate , which determines the particular plants found there . the climate and the plants in a biome determine what animals live there . this article addresses the climate and biodiversity of one of earth ’ s most diverse and ico...
in borneo , fig trees are pollinated by fig wasps , and the seeds are dispersed by orangutans , one of the large , great ape primates . primates are iconic examples of tropical rainforests and of the diversity between different regional tropical rainforests . primates are a group of animals that include humans , great ...
what are the most famous tropical rain forests ?
biome is another name for a distinct type of ecosystem . biomes are characterized by their climate , which determines the particular plants found there . the climate and the plants in a biome determine what animals live there . this article addresses the climate and biodiversity of one of earth ’ s most diverse and ico...
biologists estimate that tropical rainforests contain about 50 % of the world ’ s terrestrial plant and animal species , yet they encompass only about 6 % of the world ’ s land area . while tropical rainforests around the world have many similarities in their climates and soil composition , each regional rainforest is ...
do chameleons live in tropical rainforest ?
biome is another name for a distinct type of ecosystem . biomes are characterized by their climate , which determines the particular plants found there . the climate and the plants in a biome determine what animals live there . this article addresses the climate and biodiversity of one of earth ’ s most diverse and ico...
in the topical rainforests of borneo , scientists have documented more than 15,000 plant species , including 2,500 species of orchids ! biologists estimate that tropical rainforests contain about 50 % of the world ’ s terrestrial plant and animal species , yet they encompass only about 6 % of the world ’ s land area . ...
what are some commonalities that you noticed in regards of where the biome is located around the world ?
biome is another name for a distinct type of ecosystem . biomes are characterized by their climate , which determines the particular plants found there . the climate and the plants in a biome determine what animals live there . this article addresses the climate and biodiversity of one of earth ’ s most diverse and ico...
this steady flow of radiation produces consistently high temperatures throughout the year . a typical daytime temperature any time of year in tropical rainforests is 29°c ( 85°f ) , although temperatures can be much higher . in the majority of tropical rainforests , there is only a 5°c ( 9°f ) difference in temperature...
why temperature doesnt vary much over the year ?
biome is another name for a distinct type of ecosystem . biomes are characterized by their climate , which determines the particular plants found there . the climate and the plants in a biome determine what animals live there . this article addresses the climate and biodiversity of one of earth ’ s most diverse and ico...
for example , south america ’ s tropical rainforests receive between 200 and 300 centimeters ( 80 and 120 inches , or 6.5 to 10 feet ! ) of rain in a typical year . despite relatively consistent rain in these ecosystems , there are distinct dry seasons in some rainforests .
what are the rain forests producers ?
biome is another name for a distinct type of ecosystem . biomes are characterized by their climate , which determines the particular plants found there . the climate and the plants in a biome determine what animals live there . this article addresses the climate and biodiversity of one of earth ’ s most diverse and ico...
this article addresses the climate and biodiversity of one of earth ’ s most diverse and iconic biomes : the tropical rainforest . the tropical rainforest biome has four main characteristics : very high annual rainfall , high average temperatures , nutrient-poor soil , and high levels of biodiversity ( species richness...
is there a difference between precipitation and rainfall ?
biome is another name for a distinct type of ecosystem . biomes are characterized by their climate , which determines the particular plants found there . the climate and the plants in a biome determine what animals live there . this article addresses the climate and biodiversity of one of earth ’ s most diverse and ico...
biome is another name for a distinct type of ecosystem . biomes are characterized by their climate , which determines the particular plants found there .
what biome has birch and hickory trees ?
biome is another name for a distinct type of ecosystem . biomes are characterized by their climate , which determines the particular plants found there . the climate and the plants in a biome determine what animals live there . this article addresses the climate and biodiversity of one of earth ’ s most diverse and ico...
biome is another name for a distinct type of ecosystem . biomes are characterized by their climate , which determines the particular plants found there .
is taiga similar to coniferous biome or temperate biome ?
biome is another name for a distinct type of ecosystem . biomes are characterized by their climate , which determines the particular plants found there . the climate and the plants in a biome determine what animals live there . this article addresses the climate and biodiversity of one of earth ’ s most diverse and ico...
biome is another name for a distinct type of ecosystem . biomes are characterized by their climate , which determines the particular plants found there . the climate and the plants in a biome determine what animals live there .
what biomes is more conductive for life ?
biome is another name for a distinct type of ecosystem . biomes are characterized by their climate , which determines the particular plants found there . the climate and the plants in a biome determine what animals live there . this article addresses the climate and biodiversity of one of earth ’ s most diverse and ico...
for example , south america ’ s tropical rainforests receive between 200 and 300 centimeters ( 80 and 120 inches , or 6.5 to 10 feet ! ) of rain in a typical year . despite relatively consistent rain in these ecosystems , there are distinct dry seasons in some rainforests .
can rain forests be cold ?
overview banking originated in medieval italy but was based on mathematical knowledge acquired from wide-reaching trade interactions . leonardo fibonacci ’ s book , liber abaci , introduced indian and islamic mathematical concepts to europe and applied them specifically to commerce and finance . the development of the ...
profits earned on legitimate trade , or through natural increases in value of an item , avoided the potential charge of usury . bills of exchange were written agreements that entitled the holder of the bill to a specified payment from a third party . you can think of a bill of exchange as having value because it promis...
what other examples of bills of exchange were there ?
overview banking originated in medieval italy but was based on mathematical knowledge acquired from wide-reaching trade interactions . leonardo fibonacci ’ s book , liber abaci , introduced indian and islamic mathematical concepts to europe and applied them specifically to commerce and finance . the development of the ...
the development of the banking industry made trade and transferring funds over long-distances easier . financial institutions banks are institutions that accept and manage deposits of money from people and also offer credit—or loans—to clients . the term bank comes from the medieval italian word banca—bench or table in...
did the medici have complex financial instruments that would be analogous to present-day derivatives or credit-default-swaps ( cds ) ?
introduction what kind of system are you : open or closed ? as it turns out , this is a physics question , not a philosophical one . you , like all living things , are an open system , meaning that you exchange both matter and energy with your environment . for instance , you take in chemical energy in the form of food...
stated more generally , processes that locally decrease entropy , such as those that build and maintain the highly organized bodies of living things , can indeed take place . however , these local decreases in entropy can occur only with an expenditure of energy , where some of that energy is converted into heat or oth...
should this not be : ' these local decreases in entropy can only occur with an expenditure of energy ' ?
introduction what kind of system are you : open or closed ? as it turns out , this is a physics question , not a philosophical one . you , like all living things , are an open system , meaning that you exchange both matter and energy with your environment . for instance , you take in chemical energy in the form of food...
as it turns out , in every real-world energy transfer or transformation , some amount of energy is converted to a form that ’ s unusable ( unavailable to do work ) . in most cases , this unusable energy takes the form of heat . although heat can in fact do work under the right circumstances , it can never be turned int...
i still ca n't understand why heat is considered unusable energy ?
introduction what kind of system are you : open or closed ? as it turns out , this is a physics question , not a philosophical one . you , like all living things , are an open system , meaning that you exchange both matter and energy with your environment . for instance , you take in chemical energy in the form of food...
this law may seem kind of abstract , but if we start to look at examples , we ’ ll find that transfers and transformations of energy take place around us all the time . for example : light bulbs transform electrical energy into light energy ( radiant energy ) . one pool ball hits another , transferring kinetic energy a...
why cant heat which is the kinetic energy of particles be transformed to another type of enegry that can be used ?
introduction what kind of system are you : open or closed ? as it turns out , this is a physics question , not a philosophical one . you , like all living things , are an open system , meaning that you exchange both matter and energy with your environment . for instance , you take in chemical energy in the form of food...
so , every time an energy transfer happens , some amount of useful energy will move from the useful to the useless category . heat increases the randomness of the universe if heat is not doing work , then what exactly does it do ? heat that doesn ’ t do work goes towards increasing the randomness ( disorder ) of the un...
could someone give an easy explanation of why heat increases entropy ?
introduction what kind of system are you : open or closed ? as it turns out , this is a physics question , not a philosophical one . you , like all living things , are an open system , meaning that you exchange both matter and energy with your environment . for instance , you take in chemical energy in the form of food...
this law may seem kind of abstract , but if we start to look at examples , we ’ ll find that transfers and transformations of energy take place around us all the time . for example : light bulbs transform electrical energy into light energy ( radiant energy ) . one pool ball hits another , transferring kinetic energy a...
when it is said that some o the energy converts to unusable energy , it means unusable right know due to limited tecnology ?
introduction what kind of system are you : open or closed ? as it turns out , this is a physics question , not a philosophical one . you , like all living things , are an open system , meaning that you exchange both matter and energy with your environment . for instance , you take in chemical energy in the form of food...
this law may seem kind of abstract , but if we start to look at examples , we ’ ll find that transfers and transformations of energy take place around us all the time . for example : light bulbs transform electrical energy into light energy ( radiant energy ) . one pool ball hits another , transferring kinetic energy a...
since energy can not be created or destroyed and it can only change form or be transferred from one object to another , can we not consider the sun as the `` factory '' of energy and if not where does the sun receive his energy from ?
introduction what kind of system are you : open or closed ? as it turns out , this is a physics question , not a philosophical one . you , like all living things , are an open system , meaning that you exchange both matter and energy with your environment . for instance , you take in chemical energy in the form of food...
this law may seem kind of abstract , but if we start to look at examples , we ’ ll find that transfers and transformations of energy take place around us all the time . for example : light bulbs transform electrical energy into light energy ( radiant energy ) . one pool ball hits another , transferring kinetic energy a...
regarding entropy , do we know what is order is and where it comes from , or is it like energy ( we know what it does but as feynman says that no one knows what energy is ) ?