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elaborate funerary rituals funerary contexts constitute the most abundant archaeological evidence for the etruscan civilization . the elite members of etruscan society participated in elaborate funerary rituals that varied and changed according to both geography and time . the city of tarquinia ( known in antiquity as ...
it is possible to draw stylistic comparisons between this painted scene that includes figures reclining on dining couches ( klinai ) and the contemporary fifth century b.c.e . attic pottery that the etruscans imported from greece . the original fresco is only partially preserved ; although it is likely that there were ...
is etruscans like to use the idea of `` three '' ?
elaborate funerary rituals funerary contexts constitute the most abundant archaeological evidence for the etruscan civilization . the elite members of etruscan society participated in elaborate funerary rituals that varied and changed according to both geography and time . the city of tarquinia ( known in antiquity as ...
essay by dr. jeffrey a. becker additional resources : l. bonfante , ed. , etruscan life and afterlife : a handbook of etruscan studies ( detroit : wayne state university press , 1986 ) . o. j. brendel , etruscan art , 2nd ed . ( new haven : yale university press , 1995 ) .
is `` three '' means something to them or it is just a art perspective ?
elaborate funerary rituals funerary contexts constitute the most abundant archaeological evidence for the etruscan civilization . the elite members of etruscan society participated in elaborate funerary rituals that varied and changed according to both geography and time . the city of tarquinia ( known in antiquity as ...
an advanced iron age culture , the etruscans amassed wealth based on italy ’ s natural resources ( particularly metal and mineral ores ) that they exchanged through medium- and long-range trade networks . tomb of the triclinium the tomb of the triclinium ( italian : tomba del triclinio ) is the name given to an etrusca...
what is the size of the tomb ?
elaborate funerary rituals funerary contexts constitute the most abundant archaeological evidence for the etruscan civilization . the elite members of etruscan society participated in elaborate funerary rituals that varied and changed according to both geography and time . the city of tarquinia ( known in antiquity as ...
this ritual feasting served several purposes in social terms . at its most basic level the funeral banquet marked the transition of the deceased from the world of the living to that of the dead ; the banquet that accompanied the burial marked this transition and ritually included the spirit of the deceased , as a porti...
`` the banquet that accompanied the burial marked this transition and ritually included the spirit of the deceased , as a portion of the meal '' i might be reading this wrong , but they imagined they were 'eating ' the spirit ?
elaborate funerary rituals funerary contexts constitute the most abundant archaeological evidence for the etruscan civilization . the elite members of etruscan society participated in elaborate funerary rituals that varied and changed according to both geography and time . the city of tarquinia ( known in antiquity as ...
elaborate funerary rituals funerary contexts constitute the most abundant archaeological evidence for the etruscan civilization . the elite members of etruscan society participated in elaborate funerary rituals that varied and changed according to both geography and time .
is that a common tradition in funerary ritual practices ?
key events two important moments played a critical role in the development of early christianity : 1 . the decision of the apostle paul to spread christianity beyond the jewish communities of palestine into the greco-roman world . 2 . when the emperor constantine accepted christianity and became its patron at the begin...
the refusal of the early christians to participate in the civic cults due to their monotheistic beliefs lead to their persecution . christians were seen as anti-social . essay by dr. allen farber additional resources : introduction to the old testament ( hebrew bible ) from open yale courses new testament reading room ...
how many types of christians are there ?
key events two important moments played a critical role in the development of early christianity : 1 . the decision of the apostle paul to spread christianity beyond the jewish communities of palestine into the greco-roman world . 2 . when the emperor constantine accepted christianity and became its patron at the begin...
the order of roman authority on earth is a reflection of the divine cosmos . for most adherents of mystery cults , there was no contradiction in participating in both the public cults and a mystery cult . the different religious experiences appealed to different aspects of life .
what does 'cults ' mean ?
key events two important moments played a critical role in the development of early christianity : 1 . the decision of the apostle paul to spread christianity beyond the jewish communities of palestine into the greco-roman world . 2 . when the emperor constantine accepted christianity and became its patron at the begin...
the spread of christianity as implicit in the names of his epistles , paul spread christianity to the greek and roman cities of the ancient mediterranean world . in cities like ephesus , corinth , thessalonica , and rome , paul encountered the religious and cultural experience of the greco roman world . this encounter ...
what was paul 's experience with them like ?
key events two important moments played a critical role in the development of early christianity : 1 . the decision of the apostle paul to spread christianity beyond the jewish communities of palestine into the greco-roman world . 2 . when the emperor constantine accepted christianity and became its patron at the begin...
in early christianity emphasis was placed on baptism , which marked the initiation of the convert into the mysteries of the faith . the christian emphasis on the belief in salvation and an afterlife is consistent with the other mystery cults . the monotheism of christianity , though , was a crucial difference from the ...
can someone please explain to me ( briefly ) what differs between the catholic , orthodox , protestant and anglican christian beliefs ?
key events two important moments played a critical role in the development of early christianity : 1 . the decision of the apostle paul to spread christianity beyond the jewish communities of palestine into the greco-roman world . 2 . when the emperor constantine accepted christianity and became its patron at the begin...
2 . when the emperor constantine accepted christianity and became its patron at the beginning of the fourth century the creation and nature of christian art were directly impacted by these moments . the spread of christianity as implicit in the names of his epistles , paul spread christianity to the greek and roman cit...
can the author show examples and development of painting and other art manifestation of christian art before constantine ?
key events two important moments played a critical role in the development of early christianity : 1 . the decision of the apostle paul to spread christianity beyond the jewish communities of palestine into the greco-roman world . 2 . when the emperor constantine accepted christianity and became its patron at the begin...
this encounter played a major role in the formation of christianity . christianity as a mystery cult christianity in its first three centuries was one of a large number of mystery religions that flourished in the roman world . religion in the roman world was divided between the public , inclusive cults of civic religio...
why is christianity called a mystery cult in this text ?
the shang dynasty extends from roughly 1500 to 1050 b.c.e . according to various histories and traditions , the shang people originated along the middle and lower reaches of the yellow river . they defeated the xia under the king chengtang and established a number of city states . the shang have been known in the archa...
they acted not only as priests , but also waged military campaigns and controlled numerous workshops for producing ceramics , bone objects and most importantly , bronzes . cowrie shells , an imported item , were used as currency . the technological advances in the production of bronze did not benefit the average person...
why would someone be buried with `` thousands of cowrie shells '' ?
the shang dynasty extends from roughly 1500 to 1050 b.c.e . according to various histories and traditions , the shang people originated along the middle and lower reaches of the yellow river . they defeated the xia under the king chengtang and established a number of city states . the shang have been known in the archa...
the shang dynasty extends from roughly 1500 to 1050 b.c.e . according to various histories and traditions , the shang people originated along the middle and lower reaches of the yellow river . they defeated the xia under the king chengtang and established a number of city states .
how did people in the shang dynasty ( normal people i mean ) live ?
the shang dynasty extends from roughly 1500 to 1050 b.c.e . according to various histories and traditions , the shang people originated along the middle and lower reaches of the yellow river . they defeated the xia under the king chengtang and established a number of city states . the shang have been known in the archa...
we know , for example , the names of the kings that ruled for a period of 273 years at anyang . the oracle bones attest to the importance of ritual divination among the shang rulers . the oracle bones were used to divine , or determine , answers to various questions concerning agriculture ( .ie . the success of a parti...
what does oracle even mean ?
the shang dynasty extends from roughly 1500 to 1050 b.c.e . according to various histories and traditions , the shang people originated along the middle and lower reaches of the yellow river . they defeated the xia under the king chengtang and established a number of city states . the shang have been known in the archa...
the shang dynasty extends from roughly 1500 to 1050 b.c.e . according to various histories and traditions , the shang people originated along the middle and lower reaches of the yellow river .
random question : was n't there a xia dynasty in china 's history somewhere ?
friction also occurs when a body passes through a liquid or gas . this force has many different names , all really meaning the same thing : viscous force , drag force , fluid resistance . while the result is ultimately the same as our previous friction examples ( the object slows down ) , the way in which we calculate ...
the smaller objects will slow down at a greater rate than the larger ones . this `` natural simulations '' course is a derivative of `` the nature of code '' by daniel shiffman , used under a creative commons attribution-noncommercial 3.0 unported license .
im stuck on step 3 in the sinking logs challenge : it keeps on telling me i should multyply width with some factor ... what factor ?
friction also occurs when a body passes through a liquid or gas . this force has many different names , all really meaning the same thing : viscous force , drag force , fluid resistance . while the result is ultimately the same as our previous friction examples ( the object slows down ) , the way in which we calculate ...
just like with friction , drag is a force that points in the opposite direction of velocity . now that we ’ ve analyzed each of these components and determined what we need for a simple simulation , we can reduce our formula to : or : `` ` // part 1 of our formula ( magnitude ) : v^2 * cd var c = 0.1 ; var speed = v.ma...
c ) * v^2 ( speed*speed ) *a ( width ) right ?
friction also occurs when a body passes through a liquid or gas . this force has many different names , all really meaning the same thing : viscous force , drag force , fluid resistance . while the result is ultimately the same as our previous friction examples ( the object slows down ) , the way in which we calculate ...
nevertheless , for a basic simulation , we can consider our object to be spherical and ignore this element . $ c_d $ is the coefficient of drag , exactly the same as the coefficient of friction ( ρ ) . this is a constant we ’ ll determine based on whether we want the drag force to be strong or weak .
in the sinking logs challenge how are you supposed to calculate the drag coefficient based on the log width if we have n't defined how long each log is ?
friction also occurs when a body passes through a liquid or gas . this force has many different names , all really meaning the same thing : viscous force , drag force , fluid resistance . while the result is ultimately the same as our previous friction examples ( the object slows down ) , the way in which we calculate ...
a = f / m. acceleration equals force divided by mass . a massive object will accelerate less . a smaller object will accelerate more .
what if the object ( in this case , the ball ) , had a decided density of less than one , meaning the object would float in the water ( assuming the liquid was water ) ?
friction also occurs when a body passes through a liquid or gas . this force has many different names , all really meaning the same thing : viscous force , drag force , fluid resistance . while the result is ultimately the same as our previous friction examples ( the object slows down ) , the way in which we calculate ...
remember newton ’ s second law ? a = f / m. acceleration equals force divided by mass . a massive object will accelerate less .
does the expression 'this.mass = m ; ' define both variables ?
friction also occurs when a body passes through a liquid or gas . this force has many different names , all really meaning the same thing : viscous force , drag force , fluid resistance . while the result is ultimately the same as our previous friction examples ( the object slows down ) , the way in which we calculate ...
note the coefficient is low ( 0.1 ) , otherwise the object would come to a halt fairly quickly ( which may someday be the effect you want ) . var liquid = new liquid ( 0 , height/2 , width , height/2 , 0.1 ) ; now comes an interesting question : how do we get the mover object to talk to the liquid object ? in other wor...
for ( var i = 0 ; i < logs.length ; i++ ) { //are the logs in the water ?
friction also occurs when a body passes through a liquid or gas . this force has many different names , all really meaning the same thing : viscous force , drag force , fluid resistance . while the result is ultimately the same as our previous friction examples ( the object slows down ) , the way in which we calculate ...
a = f / m. acceleration equals force divided by mass . a massive object will accelerate less . a smaller object will accelerate more .
will there ever be a course for object collisions and bouyancy ?
friction also occurs when a body passes through a liquid or gas . this force has many different names , all really meaning the same thing : viscous force , drag force , fluid resistance . while the result is ultimately the same as our previous friction examples ( the object slows down ) , the way in which we calculate ...
the drag force is equal to the coefficient of drag multiplied by the speed of the mover squared in the opposite direction of velocity ! `` ` liquid.prototype.calculatedrag = function ( m ) { // magnitude is coefficient * speed squared var speed = m.velocity.mag ( ) ; var dragmagnitude = this.c * speed * speed ; // dire...
why do we need to scale dragforce ?
friction also occurs when a body passes through a liquid or gas . this force has many different names , all really meaning the same thing : viscous force , drag force , fluid resistance . while the result is ultimately the same as our previous friction examples ( the object slows down ) , the way in which we calculate ...
the smaller objects will slow down at a greater rate than the larger ones . this `` natural simulations '' course is a derivative of `` the nature of code '' by daniel shiffman , used under a creative commons attribution-noncommercial 3.0 unported license .
what is m in challenge : sinking log and how does it helps in step 3 of the challenge ?
friction also occurs when a body passes through a liquid or gas . this force has many different names , all really meaning the same thing : viscous force , drag force , fluid resistance . while the result is ultimately the same as our previous friction examples ( the object slows down ) , the way in which we calculate ...
in other words , we want to execute the following : when a mover passes through a liquid it experiences a drag force . …or in object-oriented speak ( assuming we are looping through an array of mover objects with index i ) : // is the mover in the liquid ? if ( liquid.contains ( movers [ i ] ) ) { // calculate drag for...
i 'm thinking about making a program on evaporation , and is there a way to use the liquid and mover objects so the movers can appear to rise up ?
friction also occurs when a body passes through a liquid or gas . this force has many different names , all really meaning the same thing : viscous force , drag force , fluid resistance . while the result is ultimately the same as our previous friction examples ( the object slows down ) , the way in which we calculate ...
drag.mult ( dragmagnitude ) ; `` ` let ’ s implement this force in our mover object type with one addition . when we wrote our friction example , the force of friction was always present . whenever an object was moving , friction would slow it down .
can air be separated by another force ( other than friction ) ?
friction also occurs when a body passes through a liquid or gas . this force has many different names , all really meaning the same thing : viscous force , drag force , fluid resistance . while the result is ultimately the same as our previous friction examples ( the object slows down ) , the way in which we calculate ...
in this case , the acceleration we ’ re talking about is the “ slowing down ” due to drag . the smaller objects will slow down at a greater rate than the larger ones . this `` natural simulations '' course is a derivative of `` the nature of code '' by daniel shiffman , used under a creative commons attribution-noncomm...
wait , do n't smaller objects sink faster than bigger ones ?
friction also occurs when a body passes through a liquid or gas . this force has many different names , all really meaning the same thing : viscous force , drag force , fluid resistance . while the result is ultimately the same as our previous friction examples ( the object slows down ) , the way in which we calculate ...
when we wrote our friction example , the force of friction was always present . whenever an object was moving , friction would slow it down . here , let ’ s introduce an element to the environment—a “ liquid ” that the mover objects pass through .
if you throw both pieces of bread in water at the same time , the crumpled piece of bread would reach the bottom first , correct ?
friction also occurs when a body passes through a liquid or gas . this force has many different names , all really meaning the same thing : viscous force , drag force , fluid resistance . while the result is ultimately the same as our previous friction examples ( the object slows down ) , the way in which we calculate ...
note the coefficient is low ( 0.1 ) , otherwise the object would come to a halt fairly quickly ( which may someday be the effect you want ) . var liquid = new liquid ( 0 , height/2 , width , height/2 , 0.1 ) ; now comes an interesting question : how do we get the mover object to talk to the liquid object ? in other wor...
// is the mover in the liquid ?
friction also occurs when a body passes through a liquid or gas . this force has many different names , all really meaning the same thing : viscous force , drag force , fluid resistance . while the result is ultimately the same as our previous friction examples ( the object slows down ) , the way in which we calculate ...
the first is easy ; we can simply use a conditional statement to determine if the location vector rests inside the rectangle defined by the liquid . liquid.prototype.contains = function ( m ) { var p = m.position ; return p.x & gt ; this.x & amp ; & amp ; p.x & lt ; this.x + this.w & amp ; & amp ; p.y & gt ; this.y & a...
liquid.prototype.contains = function ( m ) { var p = m.position ; return p.x > this.x & & p.x < this.x + this.w & & p.y > this.y & & p.y < this.y + this.h ; } ; please could someone explain this & why we did n't use `` if '' function for this like we do for checkedges ?
friction also occurs when a body passes through a liquid or gas . this force has many different names , all really meaning the same thing : viscous force , drag force , fluid resistance . while the result is ultimately the same as our previous friction examples ( the object slows down ) , the way in which we calculate ...
this is a constant we ’ ll determine based on whether we want the drag force to be strong or weak . $ \hat { v } $ look familiar ? it should .
so the sinking logs challenge keeps asking me to make the effect still look realistic ?
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
thanks to these amino acids , an enzyme 's active site is uniquely suited to bind to a particular target—the enzyme 's substrate or substrates—and help them undergo a chemical reaction . environmental effects on enzyme function because active sites are finely tuned to help a chemical reaction happen , they can be very ...
what would happen if the shape of the enzyme 's active site were changed ?
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
others create an environment inside the active site that 's favorable to the reaction ( for instance , one that 's slightly acidic or non-polar ) . the enzyme-substrate complex can also lower activation energy by bending substrate molecules in a way that facilitates bond-breaking , helping to reach the transition state...
which type of bond exists between enzyme and the substrate in enzyme substrate complex ?
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
very high temperatures ( for animal enzymes , above $ 40 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text c $ or $ 104 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text f $ ) may cause an enzyme to denature , losing its shape and activity. $ ^2 $ ph . ph can also affect enzyme function . active site amino acid residues often have acidic or basic properties that are importa...
does the ph of the substrate also causes a change in it 's active site ?
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
the enzyme-substrate complex can also lower activation energy by bending substrate molecules in a way that facilitates bond-breaking , helping to reach the transition state . finally , some enzymes lower activation energies by taking part in the chemical reaction themselves . that is , active site residues may form tem...
how do enzymes enable chemical reaction to take place rapidly ?
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
very high temperatures ( for animal enzymes , above $ 40 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text c $ or $ 104 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text f $ ) may cause an enzyme to denature , losing its shape and activity. $ ^2 $ ph . ph can also affect enzyme function . active site amino acid residues often have acidic or basic properties that are importa...
how do inhibitors stop enzyme activities ?
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
very high temperatures ( for animal enzymes , above $ 40 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text c $ or $ 104 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text f $ ) may cause an enzyme to denature , losing its shape and activity. $ ^2 $ ph . ph can also affect enzyme function . active site amino acid residues often have acidic or basic properties that are importa...
an extremo enzyme that works at ph 3 ) which would then take affair in the reaction ?
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
very high temperatures ( for animal enzymes , above $ 40 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text c $ or $ 104 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text f $ ) may cause an enzyme to denature , losing its shape and activity. $ ^2 $ ph . ph can also affect enzyme function . active site amino acid residues often have acidic or basic properties that are importa...
can you give me an example of a catalyst that is not an enzyme ?
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
the transition state is at the top of the energy `` hill '' in the diagram above . active sites and substrate specificity to catalyze a reaction , an enzyme will grab on ( bind ) to one or more reactant molecules . these molecules are the enzyme 's substrates .
how does rna catalyze a reaction ?
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
to clarify one important point , enzymes don ’ t change a reaction ’ s ∆g value . that is , they don ’ t change whether a reaction is energy-releasing or energy-absorbing overall . that 's because enzymes don ’ t affect the free energy of the reactants or products .
does it take any energy to get the enzyme to the right place and started on the reaction ?
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
the transition state is at the top of the energy `` hill '' in the diagram above . active sites and substrate specificity to catalyze a reaction , an enzyme will grab on ( bind ) to one or more reactant molecules . these molecules are the enzyme 's substrates .
is it possible for such enzymes to catalyse more than reaction at a time or does an enzyme-substrate complex currently formed at one active site prevent esc 's from being formed at the other active sites ?
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
in others , two substrates come together to create one larger molecule or to swap pieces . in fact , whatever type of biological reaction you can think of , there is probably an enzyme to speed it up ! the part of the enzyme where the substrate binds is called the active site ( since that ’ s where the catalytic “ acti...
since biological systems are open , rather than closed , what would be the term for non-enzymatic catalysts which influence the reactivity of biological systems ?
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
very high temperatures ( for animal enzymes , above $ 40 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text c $ or $ 104 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text f $ ) may cause an enzyme to denature , losing its shape and activity. $ ^2 $ ph . ph can also affect enzyme function . active site amino acid residues often have acidic or basic properties that are importa...
are there any enzymes that can function at high or low ph levels ?
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
the enzyme-substrate complex can also lower activation energy by bending substrate molecules in a way that facilitates bond-breaking , helping to reach the transition state . finally , some enzymes lower activation energies by taking part in the chemical reaction themselves . that is , active site residues may form tem...
can heat itself be considered a catalyst in a chemical reaction ?
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
in fact , a hallmark property of enzymes is that they are n't altered by the reactions they catalyze . when an enzyme is done catalyzing a reaction , it just releases the product ( or products ) and is ready for the next cycle of catalysis .
in the final paragraph , how does the enzyme `` know '' that it 's done catalyzing a reaction and can release the products ?
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
to clarify one important point , enzymes don ’ t change a reaction ’ s ∆g value . that is , they don ’ t change whether a reaction is energy-releasing or energy-absorbing overall . that 's because enzymes don ’ t affect the free energy of the reactants or products .
is there a change in temperature due to the lower energy of the products , or is it to do with positive/negative charge , or something else ?
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
what is meant by cold denaturation ?
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
very high temperatures ( for animal enzymes , above $ 40 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text c $ or $ 104 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text f $ ) may cause an enzyme to denature , losing its shape and activity. $ ^2 $ ph . ph can also affect enzyme function . active site amino acid residues often have acidic or basic properties that are importa...
but what is the function of the rest of the molecule ?
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
what is the evolutionary role of it ?
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
these molecules are the enzyme 's substrates . in some reactions , one substrate is broken down into multiple products . in others , two substrates come together to create one larger molecule or to swap pieces . in fact , whatever type of biological reaction you can think of , there is probably an enzyme to speed it up...
are n't there different names for the catalyst that forms one product and the ones that forms more than one ?
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
enzymes and activation energy a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction—without being a reactant—is called a catalyst . the catalysts for biochemical reactions that happen in living organisms are called enzymes . enzymes are usually proteins , though some ribonucleic acid ( rna ) molecules act as enzymes too . enz...
does every cell of our body contains all types of enzymes , like does brain cell contains the inactive pepisnogen ?
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
enzymes work best within a certain ph range , and , as with temperature , extreme ph values ( acidic or basic ) can make enzymes denature . induced fit the matching between an enzyme 's active site and the substrate isn ’ t just like two puzzle pieces fitting together ( though scientists once thought it was , in an old...
how is induced fit model of enzyme different from lock and key model ?
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ph can also affect enzyme function . active site amino acid residues often have acidic or basic properties that are important for catalysis . changes in ph can affect these residues and make it hard for substrates to bind .
if you have negatively charged reactants would you want the active site to have exposed positive residues or negative residues ?
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very high temperatures ( for animal enzymes , above $ 40 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text c $ or $ 104 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text f $ ) may cause an enzyme to denature , losing its shape and activity. $ ^2 $ ph . ph can also affect enzyme function . active site amino acid residues often have acidic or basic properties that are importa...
for the environmental effects on enzyme function section , does n't salinity level also affect the enzyme ?
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finally , some enzymes lower activation energies by taking part in the chemical reaction themselves . that is , active site residues may form temporary covalent bonds with substrate molecules as part of the reaction process . an important word here is `` temporary . ''
what draws substrate to the active site ?
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ph can also affect enzyme function . active site amino acid residues often have acidic or basic properties that are important for catalysis . changes in ph can affect these residues and make it hard for substrates to bind .
how can an amino acid be acidic if its carboxyl group always makes it acidic ?
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enzymes and activation energy a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction—without being a reactant—is called a catalyst . the catalysts for biochemical reactions that happen in living organisms are called enzymes . enzymes are usually proteins , though some ribonucleic acid ( rna ) molecules act as enzymes too . enz...
how long can enzymes keep functioning ?
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changes in ph can affect these residues and make it hard for substrates to bind . enzymes work best within a certain ph range , and , as with temperature , extreme ph values ( acidic or basic ) can make enzymes denature . induced fit the matching between an enzyme 's active site and the substrate isn ’ t just like two ...
and can you tell me the order in which the bonds in enzymes are broken during high temperature and increase or decrease in ph ?
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thanks to these amino acids , an enzyme 's active site is uniquely suited to bind to a particular target—the enzyme 's substrate or substrates—and help them undergo a chemical reaction . environmental effects on enzyme function because active sites are finely tuned to help a chemical reaction happen , they can be very ...
what would happen if you added only one more enzyme after the graph levels off ?
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very high temperatures ( for animal enzymes , above $ 40 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text c $ or $ 104 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text f $ ) may cause an enzyme to denature , losing its shape and activity. $ ^2 $ ph . ph can also affect enzyme function . active site amino acid residues often have acidic or basic properties that are importa...
what happens to the enzyme itself after the products are made ?
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very high temperatures ( for animal enzymes , above $ 40 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text c $ or $ 104 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text f $ ) may cause an enzyme to denature , losing its shape and activity. $ ^2 $ ph . ph can also affect enzyme function . active site amino acid residues often have acidic or basic properties that are importa...
so coenzymes are like the `` missing piece '' that is added to the enzyme in order for the enzyme to function ?
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changes in ph can affect these residues and make it hard for substrates to bind . enzymes work best within a certain ph range , and , as with temperature , extreme ph values ( acidic or basic ) can make enzymes denature . induced fit the matching between an enzyme 's active site and the substrate isn ’ t just like two ...
how to derive the ph equation for the basic buffer solution according to henderson ?
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in some reactions , one substrate is broken down into multiple products . in others , two substrates come together to create one larger molecule or to swap pieces . in fact , whatever type of biological reaction you can think of , there is probably an enzyme to speed it up !
what type of molecule are the substrates ?
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that 's because enzymes don ’ t affect the free energy of the reactants or products . instead , enzymes lower the energy of the transition state , an unstable state that products must pass through in order to become reactants . the transition state is at the top of the energy `` hill '' in the diagram above .
also , if enzymes lower activation energy , where you you get the rest of the energy from to get to the transition state ?
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that 's because enzymes don ’ t affect the free energy of the reactants or products . instead , enzymes lower the energy of the transition state , an unstable state that products must pass through in order to become reactants . the transition state is at the top of the energy `` hill '' in the diagram above .
random question : which theory of the chemical reactions ( collision or transition state ) are correct ... or are both correct in different ways ?
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environmental effects on enzyme function because active sites are finely tuned to help a chemical reaction happen , they can be very sensitive to changes in the enzyme ’ s environment . factors that may affect the active site and enzyme function include : temperature . a higher temperature generally makes for higher ra...
why is the active site so small compared to the rest of the enzyme ?
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very high temperatures ( for animal enzymes , above $ 40 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text c $ or $ 104 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text f $ ) may cause an enzyme to denature , losing its shape and activity. $ ^2 $ ph . ph can also affect enzyme function . active site amino acid residues often have acidic or basic properties that are importa...
why does the enzyme need to be large ?
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ph can also affect enzyme function . active site amino acid residues often have acidic or basic properties that are important for catalysis . changes in ph can affect these residues and make it hard for substrates to bind .
why hydrophobic environment is preferable for enzymatic catalysis ?
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ph can also affect enzyme function . active site amino acid residues often have acidic or basic properties that are important for catalysis . changes in ph can affect these residues and make it hard for substrates to bind .
what is the properties of active sites ?
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however , either increasing or decreasing the temperature outside of a tolerable range can affect chemical bonds in the active site , making them less well-suited to bind substrates . very high temperatures ( for animal enzymes , above $ 40 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text c $ or $ 104 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text f $ ) may cause an enz...
how does structure of enzyme determine its activity ?
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ph can also affect enzyme function . active site amino acid residues often have acidic or basic properties that are important for catalysis . changes in ph can affect these residues and make it hard for substrates to bind .
which amino acid has favorable active site ?
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thanks to these amino acids , an enzyme 's active site is uniquely suited to bind to a particular target—the enzyme 's substrate or substrates—and help them undergo a chemical reaction . environmental effects on enzyme function because active sites are finely tuned to help a chemical reaction happen , they can be very ...
what makes an enzyme so specific ?
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very high temperatures ( for animal enzymes , above $ 40 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text c $ or $ 104 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text f $ ) may cause an enzyme to denature , losing its shape and activity. $ ^2 $ ph . ph can also affect enzyme function . active site amino acid residues often have acidic or basic properties that are importa...
how would changing the ph of the body from 7.0 to 5.0 affect the rate at which the enzyme catalyzes a reaction ?
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others create an environment inside the active site that 's favorable to the reaction ( for instance , one that 's slightly acidic or non-polar ) . the enzyme-substrate complex can also lower activation energy by bending substrate molecules in a way that facilitates bond-breaking , helping to reach the transition state...
if an mutant enzyme binds more tightly to a substrate , but does n't change the transition state compared to the native enzyme , would the catalytic rate of the reaction still be slowed ?
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environmental effects on enzyme function because active sites are finely tuned to help a chemical reaction happen , they can be very sensitive to changes in the enzyme ’ s environment . factors that may affect the active site and enzyme function include : temperature . a higher temperature generally makes for higher ra...
what are the factors affecting enzyme activity ?
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enzymes and activation energy a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction—without being a reactant—is called a catalyst . the catalysts for biochemical reactions that happen in living organisms are called enzymes . enzymes are usually proteins , though some ribonucleic acid ( rna ) molecules act as enzymes too . enz...
what is the name given to the enzymes altered in high heat ?
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environmental effects on enzyme function because active sites are finely tuned to help a chemical reaction happen , they can be very sensitive to changes in the enzyme ’ s environment . factors that may affect the active site and enzyme function include : temperature . a higher temperature generally makes for higher ra...
does a co enzyme have its active site since it is not a substrate ?
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the answer depends on the enzyme . some enzymes speed up chemical reactions by bringing two substrates together in the right orientation . others create an environment inside the active site that 's favorable to the reaction ( for instance , one that 's slightly acidic or non-polar ) .
do most chemical reactions in the body use enzymes ?
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when an enzyme binds to its substrate , we know it lowers the activation energy of the reaction , allowing it to happen more quickly . but , you may wonder , what does the enzyme actually do to the substrate to make the activation energy lower ? the answer depends on the enzyme .
like are there any reactions in a cell that does n't need or want to use an enzyme to lower activation energy ?
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enzymes and activation energy a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction—without being a reactant—is called a catalyst . the catalysts for biochemical reactions that happen in living organisms are called enzymes . enzymes are usually proteins , though some ribonucleic acid ( rna ) molecules act as enzymes too . enz...
what are some properties of enzymes ?
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environmental effects on enzyme function because active sites are finely tuned to help a chemical reaction happen , they can be very sensitive to changes in the enzyme ’ s environment . factors that may affect the active site and enzyme function include : temperature . a higher temperature generally makes for higher ra...
if a mutation happened that made the enzyme activity faster in vivo but not in vitro , how can you tell if the mutation happened at the active or the allosteric site ?
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in all cases , the enzyme will return to its original state at the end of the reaction—it wo n't stay bound to the reacting molecules . in fact , a hallmark property of enzymes is that they are n't altered by the reactions they catalyze . when an enzyme is done catalyzing a reaction , it just releases the product ( or ...
are there biological reactions that do n't use enzymes ?
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others create an environment inside the active site that 's favorable to the reaction ( for instance , one that 's slightly acidic or non-polar ) . the enzyme-substrate complex can also lower activation energy by bending substrate molecules in a way that facilitates bond-breaking , helping to reach the transition state...
**i understand that the job of the enzyme is to facilitate the formation of the transition state , lowering the activation energy of it , so does that mean since the enzyme has done its job , would n't the second half of the reactions proceed at the same speed ?
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environmental effects on enzyme function because active sites are finely tuned to help a chemical reaction happen , they can be very sensitive to changes in the enzyme ’ s environment . factors that may affect the active site and enzyme function include : temperature . a higher temperature generally makes for higher ra...
how does the enzyme active site hold its specific shape and how is this shape affected by the temperature and ph ?
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in fact , a hallmark property of enzymes is that they are n't altered by the reactions they catalyze . when an enzyme is done catalyzing a reaction , it just releases the product ( or products ) and is ready for the next cycle of catalysis .
does an enzyme have a specific time of catalyzing a reaction ?
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the transition state is at the top of the energy `` hill '' in the diagram above . active sites and substrate specificity to catalyze a reaction , an enzyme will grab on ( bind ) to one or more reactant molecules . these molecules are the enzyme 's substrates .
how does the enzyme gpx1 catalyze the reaction that breaks down hydrogen peroxide ?
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these amino acids may have side chains that are large or small , acidic or basic , hydrophilic or hydrophobic . the set of amino acids found in the active site , along with their positions in 3d space , give the active site a very specific size , shape , and chemical behavior . thanks to these amino acids , an enzyme '...
do we have to always capitalize the active site ?
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environmental effects on enzyme function because active sites are finely tuned to help a chemical reaction happen , they can be very sensitive to changes in the enzyme ’ s environment . factors that may affect the active site and enzyme function include : temperature . a higher temperature generally makes for higher ra...
how does temperature affect an enzyme ?
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factors that may affect the active site and enzyme function include : temperature . a higher temperature generally makes for higher rates of reaction , enzyme-catalyzed or otherwise . however , either increasing or decreasing the temperature outside of a tolerable range can affect chemical bonds in the active site , ma...
so the higher the peak less activity of the reaction ?
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finally , some enzymes lower activation energies by taking part in the chemical reaction themselves . that is , active site residues may form temporary covalent bonds with substrate molecules as part of the reaction process . an important word here is `` temporary . ''
compatibility of substrate into active site depends on nh2 , cooh , h or r group ?
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enzymes and activation energy a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction—without being a reactant—is called a catalyst . the catalysts for biochemical reactions that happen in living organisms are called enzymes . enzymes are usually proteins , though some ribonucleic acid ( rna ) molecules act as enzymes too .
in which chemical reactions of our body do these biological catalysts help in doing faster ?
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very high temperatures ( for animal enzymes , above $ 40 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text c $ or $ 104 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text f $ ) may cause an enzyme to denature , losing its shape and activity. $ ^2 $ ph . ph can also affect enzyme function . active site amino acid residues often have acidic or basic properties that are importa...
what effect would it have on the body if the protein enzyme activator is missing ?
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very high temperatures ( for animal enzymes , above $ 40 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text c $ or $ 104 $ $ ^ { \circ } \text f $ ) may cause an enzyme to denature , losing its shape and activity. $ ^2 $ ph . ph can also affect enzyme function . active site amino acid residues often have acidic or basic properties that are importa...
if an enzyme is denatured , is there any way for it to be able to function again ?
introduction as a kid , i wore glasses and desperately wanted a pair of contact lenses . when i was finally allowed to get contacts , part of the deal was that i had to take very , very good care of them , which meant washing them with cleaner every day , storing them in a sterile solution , and , once a week , adding ...
the set of amino acids found in the active site , along with their positions in 3d space , give the active site a very specific size , shape , and chemical behavior . thanks to these amino acids , an enzyme 's active site is uniquely suited to bind to a particular target—the enzyme 's substrate or substrates—and help t...
what is the rate of any reaction when the enzyme is giving a competitive inhibitor ?
what is centripetal acceleration ? can an object accelerate if it 's moving with constant speed ? yup ! many people find this counter-intuitive at first because they forget that changes in the direction of motion of an object—even if the object is maintaining a constant speed—still count as acceleration . acceleration ...
compare the acceleration with that due to gravity for this fairly gentle curve taken at highway speed . example 2 : ultracentrifuge calculate the centripetal acceleration of a point 7.5 cm from the axis of an ultracentrifuge spinning at $ 7.5 \times 10^4 $ revolutions per minute .
but what are these revolutions as an unit of measurment and what is the connection to rad/s ?
what is centripetal acceleration ? can an object accelerate if it 's moving with constant speed ? yup ! many people find this counter-intuitive at first because they forget that changes in the direction of motion of an object—even if the object is maintaining a constant speed—still count as acceleration . acceleration ...
the direction of centripetal acceleration is toward the center of the circle , but what is its magnitude ? note that the triangle formed by the velocity vectors and the triangle formed by the radii $ r $ and $ \delta s $ are similar . both the triangles $ abc $ and $ pqr $ are isosceles triangles with two equal sides .
why is the triangle abc and triangle pqr similar ?
what is centripetal acceleration ? can an object accelerate if it 's moving with constant speed ? yup ! many people find this counter-intuitive at first because they forget that changes in the direction of motion of an object—even if the object is maintaining a constant speed—still count as acceleration . acceleration ...
this direction is shown with the vector diagram in the figure . we call the acceleration of an object moving in uniform circular motion—resulting from a net external force—the centripetal acceleration $ a_c $ ; centripetal means “ toward the center ” or “ center seeking ” . the direction of centripetal acceleration is ...
if an object has a centripetal acceleration towards the center , why does it not go towards the center ?
what is centripetal acceleration ? can an object accelerate if it 's moving with constant speed ? yup ! many people find this counter-intuitive at first because they forget that changes in the direction of motion of an object—even if the object is maintaining a constant speed—still count as acceleration . acceleration ...
this direction is shown with the vector diagram in the figure . we call the acceleration of an object moving in uniform circular motion—resulting from a net external force—the centripetal acceleration $ a_c $ ; centripetal means “ toward the center ” or “ center seeking ” . the direction of centripetal acceleration is ...
can centrifugal force be thought of as the `` equal and opposite force '' to centripetal force ?
what is centripetal acceleration ? can an object accelerate if it 's moving with constant speed ? yup ! many people find this counter-intuitive at first because they forget that changes in the direction of motion of an object—even if the object is maintaining a constant speed—still count as acceleration . acceleration ...
what is centripetal acceleration ? can an object accelerate if it 's moving with constant speed ?
what is meant by utlracentrifuge ?
what is centripetal acceleration ? can an object accelerate if it 's moving with constant speed ? yup ! many people find this counter-intuitive at first because they forget that changes in the direction of motion of an object—even if the object is maintaining a constant speed—still count as acceleration . acceleration ...
a sharp corner has a small radius , so $ a_c $ is greater for tighter turns , as you have probably noticed . what is a centrifuge ? a centrifuge is a rotating device used to separate specimens of different densities . high centripetal acceleration significantly decreases the time it takes for separation to occur and ma...
how does a centrifuge help in separating specimens ?