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key points : transcription is the process in which a gene 's dna sequence is copied ( transcribed ) to make an rna molecule . rna polymerase is the main transcription enzyme . transcription begins when rna polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene ( directly or through helper proteins ) . rna... | an rna transcript that is ready to be used in translation is called a messenger rna ( mrna ) . in bacteria , rna transcripts are ready to be translated right after transcription . in fact , they 're actually ready a little sooner than that : translation may start while transcription is still going on ! | what modifications occur to initially transcribed rna right before it gets translated ? |
key points : transcription is the process in which a gene 's dna sequence is copied ( transcribed ) to make an rna molecule . rna polymerase is the main transcription enzyme . transcription begins when rna polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene ( directly or through helper proteins ) . rna... | when it catches up with the polymerase at the transcription bubble , rho pulls the rna transcript and the template dna strand apart , releasing the rna molecule and ending transcription . another sequence found later in the dna , called the transcription stop point , causes rna polymerase to pause and thus helps rho ca... | how rna polymerase spontaneously detaches from dna template in rho independent termination ? |
key points : transcription is the process in which a gene 's dna sequence is copied ( transcribed ) to make an rna molecule . rna polymerase is the main transcription enzyme . transcription begins when rna polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene ( directly or through helper proteins ) . rna... | if the gene that 's transcribed encodes a protein ( which many genes do ) , the rna molecule will be read to make a protein in a process called translation . rna polymerase rna polymerases are enzymes that transcribe dna into rna . using a dna template , rna polymerase builds a new rna molecule through base pairing . | what causes rna polymerase to detach ? |
key points : transcription is the process in which a gene 's dna sequence is copied ( transcribed ) to make an rna molecule . rna polymerase is the main transcription enzyme . transcription begins when rna polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene ( directly or through helper proteins ) . rna... | key points : transcription is the process in which a gene 's dna sequence is copied ( transcribed ) to make an rna molecule . rna polymerase is the main transcription enzyme . transcription begins when rna polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene ( directly or through helper proteins ) . | if rna polymerase is in the origin of the transcription , and it has also to be transcript , how has it appear in the cell ? |
key points : transcription is the process in which a gene 's dna sequence is copied ( transcribed ) to make an rna molecule . rna polymerase is the main transcription enzyme . transcription begins when rna polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene ( directly or through helper proteins ) . rna... | for instance , if there is a g in the dna template , rna polymerase will add a c to the new , growing rna strand . rna polymerase always builds a new rna strand in the 5 ’ to 3 ’ direction . that is , it can only add rna nucleotides ( a , u , c , or g ) to the 3 ' end of the strand . | i thought rna polymerase runs in the 5 ' to 3 ' direction , as mentioned in your ''overview of transcription '' article ? |
key points : transcription is the process in which a gene 's dna sequence is copied ( transcribed ) to make an rna molecule . rna polymerase is the main transcription enzyme . transcription begins when rna polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene ( directly or through helper proteins ) . rna... | the process of ending transcription is called termination , and it happens once the polymerase transcribes a sequence of dna known as a terminator . termination in bacteria there are two major termination strategies found in bacteria : rho-dependent and rho-independent . in rho-dependent termination , the rna contains ... | why does there exist a need for two separate mechanisms for termination in bacteria ? |
key points : transcription is the process in which a gene 's dna sequence is copied ( transcribed ) to make an rna molecule . rna polymerase is the main transcription enzyme . transcription begins when rna polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene ( directly or through helper proteins ) . rna... | the picture is different in the cells of humans and other eukaryotes . that 's because transcription happens in the nucleus of human cells , while translation happens in the cytosol . also , in eukaryotes , rna molecules need to go through special processing steps before translation . | what happens do the dna after the transcription it 's done ? |
key points : transcription is the process in which a gene 's dna sequence is copied ( transcribed ) to make an rna molecule . rna polymerase is the main transcription enzyme . transcription begins when rna polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene ( directly or through helper proteins ) . rna... | let 's take a closer look at what happens during transcription . transcription overview transcription is the first step of gene expression . during this process , the dna sequence of a gene is copied into rna . | molecule of dna is consists of double strands , in the process of transcription both strands are open , how the transcription facters will know which stand is used as templet for transcription of mrna ? |
key points : transcription is the process in which a gene 's dna sequence is copied ( transcribed ) to make an rna molecule . rna polymerase is the main transcription enzyme . transcription begins when rna polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene ( directly or through helper proteins ) . rna... | the picture below shows dna being transcribed by many rna polymerases at the same time , each with an rna `` tail '' trailing behind it . the polymerases near the start of the gene have short rna tails , which get longer and longer as the polymerase transcribes more of the gene . transcription termination rna polymeras... | the polymerases near the start of the gene have short rna tails , which get longer and longer as the polymerase transcribes more of the gene.why and how ? |
key points : transcription is the process in which a gene 's dna sequence is copied ( transcribed ) to make an rna molecule . rna polymerase is the main transcription enzyme . transcription begins when rna polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene ( directly or through helper proteins ) . rna... | this , coupled with the stalled polymerase , produces enough instability for the enzyme to fall off and liberate the new rna transcript . what happens to the rna transcript ? after termination , transcription is finished . | what happens if transcription does n't happen properly and there is an error is the rna synthesis ? |
key points : transcription is the process in which a gene 's dna sequence is copied ( transcribed ) to make an rna molecule . rna polymerase is the main transcription enzyme . transcription begins when rna polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene ( directly or through helper proteins ) . rna... | transcription uses one of the two exposed dna strands as a template ; this strand is called the template strand . the rna product is complementary to the template strand and is almost identical to the other dna strand , called the nontemplate ( or coding ) strand . however , there is one important difference : in the n... | does the coding strand get transcripted too ? |
key points : transcription is the process in which a gene 's dna sequence is copied ( transcribed ) to make an rna molecule . rna polymerase is the main transcription enzyme . transcription begins when rna polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene ( directly or through helper proteins ) . rna... | why can transcription and translation happen simultaneously for an mrna in bacteria ? one reason is that these processes occur in the same 5 ' to 3 ' direction . that means one can follow or `` chase '' another that 's still occurring . | why is uracil only on the 5 ' to 3 ' end and not on the 3 ' to 5 ' end ? |
key points : transcription is the process in which a gene 's dna sequence is copied ( transcribed ) to make an rna molecule . rna polymerase is the main transcription enzyme . transcription begins when rna polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene ( directly or through helper proteins ) . rna... | during this process , the dna sequence of a gene is copied into rna . before transcription can take place , the dna double helix must unwind near the gene that is getting transcribed . the region of opened-up dna is called a transcription bubble . transcription uses one of the two exposed dna strands as a template ; th... | is transcription similar to dna replication ? |
key points : transcription is the process in which a gene 's dna sequence is copied ( transcribed ) to make an rna molecule . rna polymerase is the main transcription enzyme . transcription begins when rna polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene ( directly or through helper proteins ) . rna... | instead , helper proteins called basal ( general ) transcription factors bind to the promoter first , helping the rna polymerase in your cells get a foothold on the dna . many eukaryotic promoters have a sequence called a tata box . the tata box plays a role much like that of the $ \mbox { - } $ $ 10 $ element in bacte... | also what is polyadenelylation and a tata box ? |
key points : transcription is the process in which a gene 's dna sequence is copied ( transcribed ) to make an rna molecule . rna polymerase is the main transcription enzyme . transcription begins when rna polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene ( directly or through helper proteins ) . rna... | if the gene that 's transcribed encodes a protein ( which many genes do ) , the rna molecule will be read to make a protein in a process called translation . rna polymerase rna polymerases are enzymes that transcribe dna into rna . using a dna template , rna polymerase builds a new rna molecule through base pairing . | it 's not in the content but what is a nascent rna ? |
key points : transcription is the process in which a gene 's dna sequence is copied ( transcribed ) to make an rna molecule . rna polymerase is the main transcription enzyme . transcription begins when rna polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene ( directly or through helper proteins ) . rna... | transcription overview transcription is the first step of gene expression . during this process , the dna sequence of a gene is copied into rna . before transcription can take place , the dna double helix must unwind near the gene that is getting transcribed . | what 's the terminating sequence of the dna ? |
key points : transcription is the process in which a gene 's dna sequence is copied ( transcribed ) to make an rna molecule . rna polymerase is the main transcription enzyme . transcription begins when rna polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene ( directly or through helper proteins ) . rna... | let 's take a closer look at what happens during transcription . transcription overview transcription is the first step of gene expression . during this process , the dna sequence of a gene is copied into rna . | does this transcription lead to synthesis of mrna only ? |
introduction take a moment to look at your hands . the bone , skin , and muscle you see are made up of cells . and each of those cells contains many millions of proteins $ ^1 $ . as a matter of fact , proteins are key molecular `` building blocks '' for every organism on earth ! how are these proteins made in a cell ? ... | as a matter of fact , proteins are key molecular `` building blocks '' for every organism on earth ! how are these proteins made in a cell ? for starters , the instructions for making proteins are `` written '' in a cell ’ s dna in the form of genes . | do all proteins made in cells start with met ? |
introduction take a moment to look at your hands . the bone , skin , and muscle you see are made up of cells . and each of those cells contains many millions of proteins $ ^1 $ . as a matter of fact , proteins are key molecular `` building blocks '' for every organism on earth ! how are these proteins made in a cell ? ... | two types of molecules with key roles in translation are trnas and ribosomes . transfer rnas ( trnas ) transfer rnas , or trnas , are molecular `` bridges '' that connect mrna codons to the amino amino acids they encode . one end of each trna has a sequence of three nucleotides called an anticodon , which can bind to s... | where are the amino acids attached to the transfer rna coming from ? |
introduction take a moment to look at your hands . the bone , skin , and muscle you see are made up of cells . and each of those cells contains many millions of proteins $ ^1 $ . as a matter of fact , proteins are key molecular `` building blocks '' for every organism on earth ! how are these proteins made in a cell ? ... | finishing up : termination termination is the stage in which the finished polypeptide chain is released . it begins when a stop codon ( uag , uaa , or uga ) enters the ribosome , triggering a series of events that separate the chain from its trna and allow it to drift out of the ribosome . after termination , the polyp... | i 'm confused about what happens when the ribosome runs into a stop codon ? |
introduction take a moment to look at your hands . the bone , skin , and muscle you see are made up of cells . and each of those cells contains many millions of proteins $ ^1 $ . as a matter of fact , proteins are key molecular `` building blocks '' for every organism on earth ! how are these proteins made in a cell ? ... | want to learn more about the structure and function of trnas and ribosomes ? check out the trna and ribosomes article ! steps of translation your cells are making new proteins every second of the day . | is the trna made from dna , or its a preexisting molecule ? |
introduction take a moment to look at your hands . the bone , skin , and muscle you see are made up of cells . and each of those cells contains many millions of proteins $ ^1 $ . as a matter of fact , proteins are key molecular `` building blocks '' for every organism on earth ! how are these proteins made in a cell ? ... | the ribosome provides a set of handy slots where trnas can find their matching codons on the mrna template and deliver their amino acids . these slots are called the a , p , and e sites . not only that , but the ribosome also acts as an enzyme , catalyzing the chemical reaction that links amino acids together to make a... | after it goes through a p e sites , does the site migrate or does the mrna move for new codons to be translated ? |
introduction take a moment to look at your hands . the bone , skin , and muscle you see are made up of cells . and each of those cells contains many millions of proteins $ ^1 $ . as a matter of fact , proteins are key molecular `` building blocks '' for every organism on earth ! how are these proteins made in a cell ? ... | if that idea is new to you , you may want to check out the section on dna to rna to protein ( central dogma ) before getting into the nitty-gritty of building proteins . basically , a gene is used to build a protein in a two-step process : step 1 : transcription ! here , the dna sequence of a gene is `` rewritten '' in... | why is an actual gene that codes for a protein likely to be longer ? |
introduction take a moment to look at your hands . the bone , skin , and muscle you see are made up of cells . and each of those cells contains many millions of proteins $ ^1 $ . as a matter of fact , proteins are key molecular `` building blocks '' for every organism on earth ! how are these proteins made in a cell ? ... | for more details on the steps of elongation , see the stages of translation article . finishing up : termination termination is the stage in which the finished polypeptide chain is released . it begins when a stop codon ( uag , uaa , or uga ) enters the ribosome , triggering a series of events that separate the chain f... | after termination , what happens to the mrna ? |
introduction take a moment to look at your hands . the bone , skin , and muscle you see are made up of cells . and each of those cells contains many millions of proteins $ ^1 $ . as a matter of fact , proteins are key molecular `` building blocks '' for every organism on earth ! how are these proteins made in a cell ? ... | in eukaryotes like you and me , the rna is processed ( and often has a few bits snipped out of it ) to make the final product , called a messenger rna or mrna . step 2 : translation ! in this stage , the mrna is `` decoded '' to build a protein ( or a chunk/subunit of a protein ) that contains a specific series of amin... | for the vast majority of time during elongation in translation , what will you find at the p site of the ribosome ? |
introduction take a moment to look at your hands . the bone , skin , and muscle you see are made up of cells . and each of those cells contains many millions of proteins $ ^1 $ . as a matter of fact , proteins are key molecular `` building blocks '' for every organism on earth ! how are these proteins made in a cell ? ... | all together , this collection of codon-amino acid relationships is called the genetic code , because it lets cells “ decode ” an mrna into a chain of amino acids . overview of translation how is an mrna `` read '' to make a polypeptide ? two types of molecules with key roles in translation are trnas and ribosomes . | how does the mrna `` know '' where to go ? |
introduction take a moment to look at your hands . the bone , skin , and muscle you see are made up of cells . and each of those cells contains many millions of proteins $ ^1 $ . as a matter of fact , proteins are key molecular `` building blocks '' for every organism on earth ! how are these proteins made in a cell ? ... | one codon , aug , specifies the amino acid methionine and also acts as a start codon to signal the start of protein construction . there are three more codons that do not specify amino acids . these stop codons , uaa , uag , and uga , tell the cell when a polypeptide is complete . | how do the respective amino-acids `` know '' they are needed at any particular moment ? |
in this article we will find the images of different shapes under different reflections . the line of reflection a reflection is a transformation that acts like a mirror : it swaps all pairs of points that are on exactly opposite sides of the line of reflection . the line of reflection can be defined by an equation or ... | your turn ! problem 1 problem 2 | will a ruler helps me with this kind of problem forever ? |
the first impressionist exhibition , 1874 although the idea originated with claude monet , degas is largely responsible for organizing the very first impressionist exhibition . after much debate , the artists—including degas , monet , renoir , morisot , pissarro , sisley , boudin , and even the young cézanne—along with... | ' '' * and on it goes , ever more sarcastically . the article was titled , `` exhibition of the impressionists , '' and the term stuck . from then on , these artists were called impressionists . essay by dr. beth harris and dr. steven zucker *linda nochlin , impressionism and post-impressionism , 1874-1904 : sources an... | did the impressionists signal the end of the government controlled salons or did they continue ? |
the first impressionist exhibition , 1874 although the idea originated with claude monet , degas is largely responsible for organizing the very first impressionist exhibition . after much debate , the artists—including degas , monet , renoir , morisot , pissarro , sisley , boudin , and even the young cézanne—along with... | the satirical magazine , le charivari published an account of a visit with joseph vincent , an accomplished and conservative painter : upon entering the first room , joseph vincent received an initial shock in front of the dancer by m. renoir . 'what a pity , ' he said to me , 'that the painter , who has a certain unde... | how come we ca n't draw just read ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | this initial energy input , which is later paid back as the reaction proceeds , is called the activation energy and is abbreviated $ \text e_ { \text a } $ . activation energy why would an energy-releasing reaction with a negative ∆g need energy to proceed ? to understand this , we need to look at what actually happens... | what is the defination of activation energy ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | this initial energy input , which is later paid back as the reaction proceeds , is called the activation energy and is abbreviated $ \text e_ { \text a } $ . activation energy why would an energy-releasing reaction with a negative ∆g need energy to proceed ? to understand this , we need to look at what actually happens... | when mentioning activation energy : energy must be an input in order to start the reaction , but is more energy released during the bonding of the atoms compared to the required activation energy ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | this initial energy input , which is later paid back as the reaction proceeds , is called the activation energy and is abbreviated $ \text e_ { \text a } $ . activation energy why would an energy-releasing reaction with a negative ∆g need energy to proceed ? to understand this , we need to look at what actually happens... | can the energy be harnessed in an industrial setting ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | this initial energy input , which is later paid back as the reaction proceeds , is called the activation energy and is abbreviated $ \text e_ { \text a } $ . activation energy why would an energy-releasing reaction with a negative ∆g need energy to proceed ? to understand this , we need to look at what actually happens... | how is the activation energy changed by a catalytic reagent ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | once a reactant molecule absorbs enough energy to reach the transition state , it can proceed through the remainder of the reaction . activation energy and reaction rate the activation energy of a chemical reaction is closely related to its rate . specifically , the higher the activation energy , the slower the chemica... | does change in temperature change the activation energy of a reaction ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | this initial energy input , which is later paid back as the reaction proceeds , is called the activation energy and is abbreviated $ \text e_ { \text a } $ . activation energy why would an energy-releasing reaction with a negative ∆g need energy to proceed ? to understand this , we need to look at what actually happens... | how can you tell if delta g is negative or positive ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | this initial energy input , which is later paid back as the reaction proceeds , is called the activation energy and is abbreviated $ \text e_ { \text a } $ . activation energy why would an energy-releasing reaction with a negative ∆g need energy to proceed ? to understand this , we need to look at what actually happens... | what is the difference between bond energy , activation energy , chemical energy , potential energy , and free energy ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | once a reactant molecule absorbs enough energy to reach the transition state , it can proceed through the remainder of the reaction . activation energy and reaction rate the activation energy of a chemical reaction is closely related to its rate . specifically , the higher the activation energy , the slower the chemica... | what is a way that the active site of an enzyme is involved in increasing the rate of a biological reaction ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | once a reactant molecule absorbs enough energy to reach the transition state , it can proceed through the remainder of the reaction . activation energy and reaction rate the activation energy of a chemical reaction is closely related to its rate . specifically , the higher the activation energy , the slower the chemica... | what is the source of activation energy in a photochemical reaction ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | this initial energy input , which is later paid back as the reaction proceeds , is called the activation energy and is abbreviated $ \text e_ { \text a } $ . activation energy why would an energy-releasing reaction with a negative ∆g need energy to proceed ? to understand this , we need to look at what actually happens... | do the gibbs energy generally increase or decrease as the reactants forms products ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | this initial energy input , which is later paid back as the reaction proceeds , is called the activation energy and is abbreviated $ \text e_ { \text a } $ . activation energy why would an energy-releasing reaction with a negative ∆g need energy to proceed ? to understand this , we need to look at what actually happens... | how does enzyme reduce activation energy ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | once a reactant molecule absorbs enough energy to reach the transition state , it can proceed through the remainder of the reaction . activation energy and reaction rate the activation energy of a chemical reaction is closely related to its rate . specifically , the higher the activation energy , the slower the chemica... | what would lower activation energy result in ( chemical reaction ) ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | this initial energy input , which is later paid back as the reaction proceeds , is called the activation energy and is abbreviated $ \text e_ { \text a } $ . activation energy why would an energy-releasing reaction with a negative ∆g need energy to proceed ? to understand this , we need to look at what actually happens... | is that possible that activation energy is increases as increase in concentration of alkali in degradation kinetic study ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | this initial energy input , which is later paid back as the reaction proceeds , is called the activation energy and is abbreviated $ \text e_ { \text a } $ . activation energy why would an energy-releasing reaction with a negative ∆g need energy to proceed ? to understand this , we need to look at what actually happens... | what is reason behind increase in activation energy in that case ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | this initial energy input , which is later paid back as the reaction proceeds , is called the activation energy and is abbreviated $ \text e_ { \text a } $ . activation energy why would an energy-releasing reaction with a negative ∆g need energy to proceed ? to understand this , we need to look at what actually happens... | ok just for clarification , when it says the product will be in a lower energy state that does not mean that the product will have a lower energy bond will it ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | this initial energy input , which is later paid back as the reaction proceeds , is called the activation energy and is abbreviated $ \text e_ { \text a } $ . activation energy why would an energy-releasing reaction with a negative ∆g need energy to proceed ? to understand this , we need to look at what actually happens... | the product should have more potential energy inside the bond and if it broke it will release more energy than the reactant would if its bond was broken ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | this initial energy input , which is later paid back as the reaction proceeds , is called the activation energy and is abbreviated $ \text e_ { \text a } $ . activation energy why would an energy-releasing reaction with a negative ∆g need energy to proceed ? to understand this , we need to look at what actually happens... | is activation energy the lowest or the energy for the reaction needed to start ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | once a reactant molecule absorbs enough energy to reach the transition state , it can proceed through the remainder of the reaction . activation energy and reaction rate the activation energy of a chemical reaction is closely related to its rate . specifically , the higher the activation energy , the slower the chemica... | what happens to activation energy of a reaction in solution ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | the higher the barrier is , the fewer molecules that will have enough energy to make it over at any given moment . many reactions have such high activation energies that they basically do n't proceed at all without an input of energy . for instance , the combustion of a fuel like propane releases energy , but the rate ... | halo ahsan king , activation energies cant be always constant ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | this initial energy input , which is later paid back as the reaction proceeds , is called the activation energy and is abbreviated $ \text e_ { \text a } $ . activation energy why would an energy-releasing reaction with a negative ∆g need energy to proceed ? to understand this , we need to look at what actually happens... | does more activation energy mean more free energy ( gibb 's ) ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? | what is the relation of acid and enymatic acitivity ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | ( to be clear , this is a good thing – it would n't be so great if propane canisters spontaneously combusted on the shelf ! ) once a spark has provided enough energy to get some molecules over the activation energy barrier , those molecules complete the reaction , releasing energy . the released energy helps other fuel... | so molecules simply have to reach the barrier ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | ( to be clear , this is a good thing – it would n't be so great if propane canisters spontaneously combusted on the shelf ! ) once a spark has provided enough energy to get some molecules over the activation energy barrier , those molecules complete the reaction , releasing energy . the released energy helps other fuel... | what is activation energy and how do molecules get it ? |
introduction imagine waking up on a day when you have lots of fun stuff planned . does it ever happen that , despite the exciting day that lies ahead , you need to muster some extra energy to get yourself out of bed ? once you ’ re up , you can coast through the rest of the day , but there ’ s a little hump you have to... | to get the bonds into a state that allows them to break , the molecule must be contorted ( deformed , or bent ) into an unstable state called the transition state . the transition state is a high-energy state , and some amount of energy – the activation energy – must be added in order for the molecule reach it . becaus... | hi there , i was wondering where does the activation energy release to after transition state ? |
a story of survival dwelling in the fuchun mountains is a legendary shanshui ( landscape ) painting created by the yuan dynasty painter , huang gongwang . this handscroll , which is over 22 feet long , has a fascinating history . there are many stories associated with it—there are even stories about the inscriptions th... | huang was a han , an ethnic group of china . he also belonged to the social class of literati . the literati were educated elites who were interested in painting , calligraphy and poetry . | on what did the reclusive literati live ? |
all of the following terms appear in this unit . the terms are arranged here in alphabetical order . astronomy — the branch of science that deals with the universe and the various objects , like stars , planets , and galaxies , that we find within it . cosmology and astrophysics are closely related to astronomy , and t... | evidence — concrete , verifiable information that either supports or disproves a claim . gravity — the fundamental force of attraction between any two objects that have mass . helium — the second simplest of all chemical elements , helium has two protons and ( almost always ) two neutrons . | why we ca n't explain gravity with quantum mechanics ? |
this essay is devoted to a particularly attractive and rare kind of medieval manuscript : the model book . a feast to the eye , the object is filled with drawings and paintings that were meant to show scribes and illuminators how to decorate letters , paint initials , or add large segments of decoration to the page . w... | while this ultimate instruction method took all potential flaws and creativity out of the modeling process , it allowed decorators with lesser talents to produce something beautiful . essay by dr. erik kwakkel additional resources : more information on gregorius bock ’ s scribal pattern book macclesfeld alphabet book a... | some of the imagery seems a little more suggestive no ( the alphabet book ) ? |
this essay is devoted to a particularly attractive and rare kind of medieval manuscript : the model book . a feast to the eye , the object is filled with drawings and paintings that were meant to show scribes and illuminators how to decorate letters , paint initials , or add large segments of decoration to the page . w... | the visconti ’ s were important patrons of the arts and so it makes sense that we see their generosity extend into the world of book production . giovannino was known for depicting exotic animals in their natural habitat and this book features such images as well . his pages provided models for other artists who wished... | are some of these 'initials ' depicting human 'folly ' or vices , just as some seem to be depicting declarations of love ( hand to heart ) or virtue etc ? |
key points : a resting ( non-signaling ) neuron has a voltage across its membrane called the resting membrane potential , or simply the resting potential . the resting potential is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion . in a resting neuron , ... | others are closed in resting neurons and only open in response to a signal . some ion channels are highly selective for one type of ion , but others let various kinds of ions pass through . ion channels that mainly allow $ \text { k } ^+ $ to pass are called potassium channels , and ion channels that mainly allow $ \te... | do our physical movements affect ion exchange ? |
key points : a resting ( non-signaling ) neuron has a voltage across its membrane called the resting membrane potential , or simply the resting potential . the resting potential is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion . in a resting neuron , ... | the resting potential is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion . in a resting neuron , there are concentration gradients across the membrane for $ \text { na } ^+ $ and $ \text k^+ $ . ions move down their gradients via channels , leading to a... | at resting membrane potenital do na go in and k out ? |
key points : a resting ( non-signaling ) neuron has a voltage across its membrane called the resting membrane potential , or simply the resting potential . the resting potential is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion . in a resting neuron , ... | the resting potential is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion . in a resting neuron , there are concentration gradients across the membrane for $ \text { na } ^+ $ and $ \text k^+ $ . ions move down their gradients via channels , leading to a... | what happens when the concentration of na is increased in the extracellular fluid , is there a depolarization or hyperpolarization ? |
key points : a resting ( non-signaling ) neuron has a voltage across its membrane called the resting membrane potential , or simply the resting potential . the resting potential is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion . in a resting neuron , ... | so , let 's get a feeling for how the membrane potential works by seeing what would happen in a case where only $ \text k^+ $ can cross the membrane . we 'll start out with $ \text { k } ^+ $ at a higher concentration inside the cell than in the surrounding fluid , just as for a regular neuron . ( other ions are also p... | and the same goes for the increased concentration of k in the extracellular fluid , is there a depolarization or hyperpolarization ? |
key points : a resting ( non-signaling ) neuron has a voltage across its membrane called the resting membrane potential , or simply the resting potential . the resting potential is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion . in a resting neuron , ... | changing the number of open ion channels provides a way to control the cell ’ s membrane potential and a great way to produce electrical signals . ( we will see the opening and closing of channels again when we discuss action potentials . ) the $ \text { na } ^+ $ - $ \text k^+ $ pump maintains $ \text { na } ^+ $ and ... | so do active pumps or facilitated channels start and fuel action potentials ? |
key points : a resting ( non-signaling ) neuron has a voltage across its membrane called the resting membrane potential , or simply the resting potential . the resting potential is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion . in a resting neuron , ... | if the $ \text { na } ^+ $ - $ \text k^+ $ pump is shut down , the $ \text { na } ^+ $ and $ \text k^+ $ concentration gradients will dissipate , and so will the membrane potential . like the ion channels that allow $ \text { na } ^+ $ and $ \text k^+ $ to cross the cell membrane , the $ \text { na } ^+ $ - $ \text k^+... | which membrane protein is responsible for restoring the original concentration of na+ and k+ ? |
key points : a resting ( non-signaling ) neuron has a voltage across its membrane called the resting membrane potential , or simply the resting potential . the resting potential is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion . in a resting neuron , ... | instead , they have to use specialized channel proteins that provide a hydrophilic ( `` water-loving '' ) tunnel across the membrane . some channels , known as leak channels , are open in resting neurons . others are closed in resting neurons and only open in response to a signal . | open or closed channels for depolarization , repolarization and hyperpolarization ? |
key points : a resting ( non-signaling ) neuron has a voltage across its membrane called the resting membrane potential , or simply the resting potential . the resting potential is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion . in a resting neuron , ... | however , it will be closer to the equilibrium potential of the ion type with higher permeability ( the one that can more readily cross the membrane ) . opening and closing ion channels alters the membrane potential in a neuron , the resting membrane potential is closer to the potassium equilibrium potential than it is... | does the difference in electronegativity of the sodium ion and potassium ion contribute to the membrane potential ? |
key points : a resting ( non-signaling ) neuron has a voltage across its membrane called the resting membrane potential , or simply the resting potential . the resting potential is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion . in a resting neuron , ... | $ \text { na } ^+ $ is usually present at a much higher concentration outside of a cell than inside , so it will move down its concentration gradient into the cell , making the interior of the cell positive relative to the outside . because of this , the sodium equilibrium potential—the electrical potential difference ... | as in , a na ion is more positive than a k ion due to less shell screening ( not sure if this is even strictly true ) , therefore does this `` more positivity '' contribute at all to the potential difference across the membrane ? |
key points : a resting ( non-signaling ) neuron has a voltage across its membrane called the resting membrane potential , or simply the resting potential . the resting potential is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion . in a resting neuron , ... | before we look in detail at how these signals are generated , we first need to understand how membrane permeability works in a resting neuron ( one that is not sending or receiving electrical signals ) . in this article , we 'll see how a neuron establishes and maintains a stable voltage across its membrane – that is ,... | is the neuron communication same as the voltage in a wire ? |
key points : a resting ( non-signaling ) neuron has a voltage across its membrane called the resting membrane potential , or simply the resting potential . the resting potential is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion . in a resting neuron , ... | if the membrane potential becomes more positive than it is at the resting potential , the membrane is said to be depolarized . if the membrane potential becomes more negative than it is at the resting potential , the membrane is said to be hyperpolarized . all of the electrical signals that neurons use to communicate a... | how does applying negative capacitance make a membrane more permeable ? |
key points : a resting ( non-signaling ) neuron has a voltage across its membrane called the resting membrane potential , or simply the resting potential . the resting potential is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion . in a resting neuron , ... | key points : a resting ( non-signaling ) neuron has a voltage across its membrane called the resting membrane potential , or simply the resting potential . the resting potential is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion . in a resting neuron , ... | is membrane potential the same across a neuron ? |
key points : a resting ( non-signaling ) neuron has a voltage across its membrane called the resting membrane potential , or simply the resting potential . the resting potential is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion . in a resting neuron , ... | ( yes , that 's kind of gross , but let 's just imagine it for a second . ) what would happen if you applied an electrical stimulus to the nerve that feeds the frog 's leg ? creepily enough , the dead leg would kick ! | what would happen if the balance of ions was to crash and have a higher concentration of one compared to the other ? |
key points : a resting ( non-signaling ) neuron has a voltage across its membrane called the resting membrane potential , or simply the resting potential . the resting potential is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion . in a resting neuron , ... | so , in a system where $ \text { na } ^+ $ is the only permeant ion , the membrane potential will be positive . in a resting neuron , both $ \text { na } ^+ $ and $ \text { k } ^+ $ are permeant , or able to cross the membrane . $ \text { na } ^+ $ will try to drag the membrane potential toward its ( positive ) equilib... | respected sir/madam what would happen to the resting potential of the membrane if the cell ( neuron ) is equally permeant to na+ and k+ ? |
key points : a resting ( non-signaling ) neuron has a voltage across its membrane called the resting membrane potential , or simply the resting potential . the resting potential is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion . in a resting neuron , ... | key points : a resting ( non-signaling ) neuron has a voltage across its membrane called the resting membrane potential , or simply the resting potential . the resting potential is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion . | what is the threshold measurement ? |
key points : a resting ( non-signaling ) neuron has a voltage across its membrane called the resting membrane potential , or simply the resting potential . the resting potential is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion . in a resting neuron , ... | key points : a resting ( non-signaling ) neuron has a voltage across its membrane called the resting membrane potential , or simply the resting potential . the resting potential is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion . | what would happen to the resting potential of a neuron if the concentration of extracellular k+ increases ? |
background arc length of function graphs , introduction example 1 : practice with a semicircle consider a semicircle of radius $ 1 $ , centered at the origin , as pictured on the right . from geometry , we know that the length of this curve is $ \pi $ . let 's practice our newfound method of computing arc length to red... | so let 's practice that a few times without worrying about computing the final integral ( you can use a calculator or wolfram alpha once you get a concrete integral ) . example 2 : sine curve what integral represents the arc length of the graph of $ y = \sin ( x ) $ between $ x = 0 $ and $ x = 2\pi $ ? example 3 : up ,... | in the first example with the unit circle i do n't get why x = -cos ( teta ) is n't the x-coordinate simply cos ( teta ) as the trigonometric coordinate are given by the point x = ( x1 , y1 ) = ( cos ( teta ) , sin ( teta ) ) ? |
background arc length of function graphs , introduction example 1 : practice with a semicircle consider a semicircle of radius $ 1 $ , centered at the origin , as pictured on the right . from geometry , we know that the length of this curve is $ \pi $ . let 's practice our newfound method of computing arc length to red... | we know from geometry that the arc length is $ \pi $ , but the interesting part is to work through it to see how $ \pi $ pops out when using an arc length integral . ) practice setting up arc length integrals the actual integral you get for arc length is often difficult to compute . however , the important skill to pra... | this method is only valid for integrals of arc lengths right ? |
key points most animals need to maintain their core body temperature within a relatively narrow range . endotherms use internally generated heat to maintain body temperature . their body temperature tends to stay steady regardless of environment . ectotherms depend mainly on external heat sources , and their body tempe... | that 's because they have to burn large quantities of fuel—food—to maintain their internal body temperature . why regulate temperature ? there are some basic limits on survivable body temperature for most animals . | how do tardigrades avoid membrane rupture at low extremes of temperature ? |
key points most animals need to maintain their core body temperature within a relatively narrow range . endotherms use internally generated heat to maintain body temperature . their body temperature tends to stay steady regardless of environment . ectotherms depend mainly on external heat sources , and their body tempe... | that 's because they have to burn large quantities of fuel—food—to maintain their internal body temperature . why regulate temperature ? there are some basic limits on survivable body temperature for most animals . | and how do they and archaea avoid denaturation at high temperature extremes ? |
key points most animals need to maintain their core body temperature within a relatively narrow range . endotherms use internally generated heat to maintain body temperature . their body temperature tends to stay steady regardless of environment . ectotherms depend mainly on external heat sources , and their body tempe... | endotherms use internally generated heat to maintain body temperature . their body temperature tends to stay steady regardless of environment . ectotherms depend mainly on external heat sources , and their body temperature changes with the temperature of the environment . animals exchange heat with their environment th... | is the graph also supposed to demonstrate that ectotherms have minimal oxygen consumption regardless of ambient temperature ? |
background second partial derivative test prepare for the slog i have a challenge for you . in this article , you can walk through two examples of finding maxima and minima in multivariable functions . in modern applications , most of the steps involved in solving these sorts of problems would be performed by a compute... | stable point 1 : at $ ( x , y ) = ( 0 , 0 ) $ , the expression evaluates as $ \begin { align } \quad 24x^2 - 16 = 24 ( 0 ) ^2 - 16 = -16 \end { align } $ this is negative , so according to the second partial derivative test , the point $ ( 0 , 0 ) $ is a stable point 2 : at $ ( x_0 , y_0 ) = ( \sqrt { 2 } , 0 ) $ , the... | in problem 2 , is n't ( 2,2 ) also a solution ? |
one of the most widely imitated artists michelangelo merisi da caravaggio was famously sensitive when it came to matters of artistic originality : he threatened both the painter guido reni and artist and biographer giovanni baglione for copying his style . despite his best efforts to protect his singular style , howeve... | nevertheless , these painters , often labeled caravaggisti , emulated aspects of caravaggio ’ s style , technique , and choice of subjects and were responsible for the dissemination of caravaggism across the european continent . a distinctive style these followers , whether italian , spanish , french , or netherlandish... | what is the difference between `` tenebrism and chiaroscuro '' style of painting ? |
one of the most widely imitated artists michelangelo merisi da caravaggio was famously sensitive when it came to matters of artistic originality : he threatened both the painter guido reni and artist and biographer giovanni baglione for copying his style . despite his best efforts to protect his singular style , howeve... | painters like cecco del caravaggio , orazio gentileschi and his daughter , artemisia gentileschi , or grammatica , who knew caravaggio personally , did have the benefit of direct contact with the source of their inspiration , but their work retains a character all its own . the gentileschi—both father and daughter—prod... | could it be ( from the preceeding paintings displayed ) that north american artist norman rockwell was also a student of caravaggio ? |
mummy bundles one of the most extraordinary masterpieces of the pre-columbian americas is a nearly 2,000-year-old cloth from the south coast of peru , which has been in the collection of the brooklyn museum of art since 1938 . despite the textile's small size ( it measures about two by five feet ) , it contains a vast ... | mummy bundles one of the most extraordinary masterpieces of the pre-columbian americas is a nearly 2,000-year-old cloth from the south coast of peru , which has been in the collection of the brooklyn museum of art since 1938 . despite the textile's small size ( it measures about two by five feet ) , it contains a vast ... | why is this 2,000 year old cloth in the `` prehistoric '' category ? |
mummy bundles one of the most extraordinary masterpieces of the pre-columbian americas is a nearly 2,000-year-old cloth from the south coast of peru , which has been in the collection of the brooklyn museum of art since 1938 . despite the textile's small size ( it measures about two by five feet ) , it contains a vast ... | `` what the women were wearing : a deposit of early nasca dresses and shawls from cahuachi , peru . '' textile museum journal , 42/43:13–53 . paul , anne . | how and what did they use to dye the rainbow of colors found on the textile ? |
mummy bundles one of the most extraordinary masterpieces of the pre-columbian americas is a nearly 2,000-year-old cloth from the south coast of peru , which has been in the collection of the brooklyn museum of art since 1938 . despite the textile's small size ( it measures about two by five feet ) , it contains a vast ... | like some other very fine cloths , the brooklyn textile is finished so carefully on both sides that it is almost impossible to distinguish which is the correct side . although the central cloth and its framing dimensional border are created by different techniques , both display perfect reversibility—except for three b... | why would the border of the cloth have survived so much better than the interior of the cloth ? |
mummy bundles one of the most extraordinary masterpieces of the pre-columbian americas is a nearly 2,000-year-old cloth from the south coast of peru , which has been in the collection of the brooklyn museum of art since 1938 . despite the textile's small size ( it measures about two by five feet ) , it contains a vast ... | garments the border figures ’ clothing also matches examples found archaeologically , and some bear miniscule designs that faithfully represent embroidered decorations found on life-sized garments . some wear wrap-around dresses of a style worn by women in ancient times ; others wear two-part outfits , associated with ... | would n't the thin , narrow decorative pieces wear away faster ? |
mummy bundles one of the most extraordinary masterpieces of the pre-columbian americas is a nearly 2,000-year-old cloth from the south coast of peru , which has been in the collection of the brooklyn museum of art since 1938 . despite the textile's small size ( it measures about two by five feet ) , it contains a vast ... | like some other very fine cloths , the brooklyn textile is finished so carefully on both sides that it is almost impossible to distinguish which is the correct side . although the central cloth and its framing dimensional border are created by different techniques , both display perfect reversibility—except for three b... | it seems like the interior style differs greatly to the border- could this piece have been assembled over many generations ? |
mummy bundles one of the most extraordinary masterpieces of the pre-columbian americas is a nearly 2,000-year-old cloth from the south coast of peru , which has been in the collection of the brooklyn museum of art since 1938 . despite the textile's small size ( it measures about two by five feet ) , it contains a vast ... | mummy bundles one of the most extraordinary masterpieces of the pre-columbian americas is a nearly 2,000-year-old cloth from the south coast of peru , which has been in the collection of the brooklyn museum of art since 1938 . despite the textile's small size ( it measures about two by five feet ) , it contains a vast ... | what are some of the fibers used to make this thing for burial ? |
mummy bundles one of the most extraordinary masterpieces of the pre-columbian americas is a nearly 2,000-year-old cloth from the south coast of peru , which has been in the collection of the brooklyn museum of art since 1938 . despite the textile's small size ( it measures about two by five feet ) , it contains a vast ... | most of the animals and plants that appear can be tied to species still found on the south coast , and many human figures wear or carry items that directly relate to the archaeological record . their jewelry , for example , corresponds to specimens formed from thin sheets of gleaming gold . these include : “ forehead o... | what did the gold accessories have to do with textiles ? |
background green 's theorem two-dimensional flux constructing the unit normal vector of a curve divergence not strictly required , but helpful for a deeper understanding : formal definition of divergence what we 're building to the 2d divergence theorem is to divergence what green 's theorem is to curl . it relates the... | for example , if the line integral you want to compute begins its life as a flux integral , rather than expanding out this line integral to make it look like $ \displaystyle \int p\ , dx + q\ , dy $ and applying green 's theorem , you could recognize immediately that it 's the same as doubly integrating divergence . su... | if green 's theorem relates to curl and the 2d divergence theorem relates flux to divergence , how can these two theorems mean exactly the same thing ? |
what is this object ? this is a jade object in the form of a cicada ( tsan ) used for burial purposes in the han dynasty ( 206 bce–220 c.e . ) . specifically , this jade was meant to be placed on the tongue , and was part of a set of jade plugs or coverings for the body . the cicada has been partly abstracted to emphas... | at first , pieces of jade covered different parts of the head and were attached to a veil or fabric of some sort . this practice evolved into more complex sets of jades , including pendants and necklaces covering the upper part of the body . it was during the han dynasty that full jade suits or jade casings covering th... | why would they focus on covering the orifices found in the body ? |
what is this object ? this is a jade object in the form of a cicada ( tsan ) used for burial purposes in the han dynasty ( 206 bce–220 c.e . ) . specifically , this jade was meant to be placed on the tongue , and was part of a set of jade plugs or coverings for the body . the cicada has been partly abstracted to emphas... | cicadas , like this light green piece , were the favored burial jade of the han dynasty . these were placed on the tongue of the deceased and usually were used in conjunction with jade plugs for the nine body orifices . these plugs were believed to prevent the body from decay and to preserve the vital spirit or qi , th... | why the cicada was placed on the tongue ? |
the rock-cut façades are the iconic monuments of petra . of these , the most famous is the so-called treasury ( or khazneh ) , which appeared in the film indiana jones and the last crusade , as the final resting place of the holy grail . the prominence of the tombs in the landscape led many early explorers and scholars... | no human remains have ever been found in any of the tombs , and the exact funerary practices of the nabataeans remain unknown . the dating of the tombs has proved difficult as there are almost no finds , such as coins and pottery , that enable archaeologists to date these tombs ; a few inscriptions allow us to date som... | if the following is correct ... then how can we be certain that these `` tombs '' were tombs at all ? |
the rock-cut façades are the iconic monuments of petra . of these , the most famous is the so-called treasury ( or khazneh ) , which appeared in the film indiana jones and the last crusade , as the final resting place of the holy grail . the prominence of the tombs in the landscape led many early explorers and scholars... | thus , while the monastery deploys many elements of classical architecture , it does so in a unique way . essay by dr. elizabeth macaulay-lewis additional resources : google interactive tour of petra ( includes audio ) the natataean kingdom and petra unesco : petra | so how did the people of petra counteract these natural forces of wind and water erosion and instability when they carved this sandstone into buildings ? |
we encounter electrochemical cells in all facets of our everyday lives from the disposable aa batteries in our remote controls and the lithium-ion batteries in our iphones to the nerve cells strewn throughout our bodies . there are two types of electrochemical cells : galvanic , also called voltaic , and electrolytic .... | apply a reverse voltage to a voltaic cell . we encounter electrolytic cells during the charging phase of any type of rechargeable battery from the lead-acid battery in automobiles to the lithium-ion battery in smartphones . in comparison to the galvanic cell , the electrodes of an electrolytic cell can be placed in a s... | what is the full form of aa battery ? |
we encounter electrochemical cells in all facets of our everyday lives from the disposable aa batteries in our remote controls and the lithium-ion batteries in our iphones to the nerve cells strewn throughout our bodies . there are two types of electrochemical cells : galvanic , also called voltaic , and electrolytic .... | galvanic cells galvanic cells traditionally are used as sources of dc electrical power . a simple galvanic cell may contain only one electrolyte separated by a semi-porous membrane , while a more complex version involves two separate half-cells connected by a salt bridge . the salt bridge contains an inert electrolyte ... | when you mention about the salt bridge what is the significance for it to be inert ? |
we encounter electrochemical cells in all facets of our everyday lives from the disposable aa batteries in our remote controls and the lithium-ion batteries in our iphones to the nerve cells strewn throughout our bodies . there are two types of electrochemical cells : galvanic , also called voltaic , and electrolytic .... | since voltage is an intensive property , which is one that does not depend on the system size or the amount of material in the system , we do not have to multiply the emf by any stoichiometric coefficient to cancel out the electrons in calculating emf . calculating the gibbs free energy from emf suppose we are asked to... | what is gibbs free energy ? |
we encounter electrochemical cells in all facets of our everyday lives from the disposable aa batteries in our remote controls and the lithium-ion batteries in our iphones to the nerve cells strewn throughout our bodies . there are two types of electrochemical cells : galvanic , also called voltaic , and electrolytic .... | let ’ s keep in mind that when we flip the reduction potential into an oxidation potential , we also need to flip the sign . since galvanic cells have a positive emf , we are looking to flip the equation that when added to the other emf will give us a positive value . by flipping the zinc half-reaction , we have the tw... | do the emf values need to be known for the mcat ? |
key points : a community 's structure can be described by its species richness , which is the number of species present , and species diversity , which is a measure of both species richness and species evenness ( relative numbers ) . community structure is influenced by many factors , including abiotic factors , specie... | foundation and keystone species some species have unusually strong impacts on community structure , preserving the balance of the community or even making its existence possible . these `` special '' species include foundation and keystone species . foundation species a foundation species plays a unique , essential rol... | is it possible for there to be more than one keystone species in an area , as well as foundation species ? |
key points : a community 's structure can be described by its species richness , which is the number of species present , and species diversity , which is a measure of both species richness and species evenness ( relative numbers ) . community structure is influenced by many factors , including abiotic factors , specie... | however , the diversity-stability relationship is n't a universal rule , and there are some cases where other factors ( besides species diversity ) are more important in determining community and ecosystem stability $ ^ { 5,6 } $ . what factors shape community structure ? the structure of a community is the result of m... | how does climate shape a biological community ? |
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