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hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
glucose is transformed into atps over three separate stages . glycolysis , the krebs cycle , and the electron transport chain . traditionally , these stages are described as coming one after the other but really everything in the cell , is kind of happening all at the same time .
what is an electron transport chain and how does it works ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
glucose is transformed into atps over three separate stages . glycolysis , the krebs cycle , and the electron transport chain . traditionally , these stages are described as coming one after the other but really everything in the cell , is kind of happening all at the same time .
how does nadh release an electron ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
so that 's all well and good , but here 's the thing , we ca n't just use that energy to run a marathon or something . first , our bodies have to turn that energy into a really specific form of stored energy called atp or adenosine triphosphate . you 've heard me talk about this before .
why does the body prefer to have energy stored in atp rather than nadh or fadh ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
well , their electrons are going to provide the energy that will work as a pump along a chain of channel proteins across the inner membrane of the mitochondria where the krebs cycle occurred . these proteins will swap these electrons to send hydrogen protons from inside the very center of the mitochondria , across its ...
how does the mitochondria divide in to two mitochondria ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
so , your muscles used up all the oxygen they had and they had to kick into anaerobic respiration in order to get the energy that they needed . and so you have all this lactic acid building up in your muscle tissues . ha !
why is there lactic acid and ethanol building up in muscles ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
it 's stored in a whole different kind of molecular package . this is where we go back to nad+ and its sort of colleague fad . nad+ and fad are chummy little enzymes that are related to b vitamins .
where did the acytal coenzyme a go ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
and so we find ourselves at the next step in cellular respiration . after glycolysis , comes the krebs cycle . so , while glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm or the fluid medium within the cell that all the organelles hang out in , the krebs cycle happens across the inner membrane of the mitochondria , which are general...
what are the differences between the calvin and krebs cycle ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved .
what happened to that hydrogen atom after it left the water molecule ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
in fact , textbooks make a point of saying that through cellular respiration , one molecule of glucose can yield a bit of heat and 38 molecules of atp . now , it 's worth noting that this number is kind of a best-case scenario . usually it 's more like 29 or 30 atps , but whatever .
why is 38 atp the best case scenario ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
for instance , in some organisms , like yeasts , the product of fermentation is ethyl alcohol , which is the same thing as all of this lovely stuff . but luckily for our day-to-day productivity , our muscles do n't make alcohol when they do n't get enough oxygen . if that were the case , working out would make us drunk...
why ca n't our body make any more atp after we get enough our body needs ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
nad+s and fads are like batteries , big awkward batteries that pick up hydrogen and energized electrons from each pyruvate , which in effect charges them up . the addition of hydrogen turns them into nadh and fadh2 , respectively . each pyruvate yields three nadhs and one fadh2 per cycle , and since each glucose has be...
what is the full form of fadh2 ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
so now that you know how atp is spent , let 's see how it is minted , nice and new , by cellular respiration . like i said , it all starts with oxygen and glucose . in fact , textbooks make a point of saying that through cellular respiration , one molecule of glucose can yield a bit of heat and 38 molecules of atp .
my teacher said that there are 38 atp produced when glycolysis is taking place but also said that 2 atp is lost during the cycle ( when it goes from cytoplasm to inner membrane of mitocondria ) , , so what he said is true or false ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
a while back , for instance , we talked about how cells use atp to transport some kinds of materials in and out of its membranes . to jog your memory about that , you can watch that episode right here . now before we see how atp is actually put together , let 's look at how cells can cash in on the energy that 's stash...
so my text book is right or nadh is right ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
so fermentation frees up some nad+ , which happens to create some interesting byproducts . for instance , in some organisms , like yeasts , the product of fermentation is ethyl alcohol , which is the same thing as all of this lovely stuff . but luckily for our day-to-day productivity , our muscles do n't make alcohol w...
how does yeast produce alcohol ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
so that 's all well and good , but here 's the thing , we ca n't just use that energy to run a marathon or something . first , our bodies have to turn that energy into a really specific form of stored energy called atp or adenosine triphosphate . you 've heard me talk about this before .
can energy be spent in any other form except atp ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
that 's because the next two stages of cellular respiration , the krebs cycle and the electron transport chain , are both aerobic processes , which means that they require oxygen . and so we find ourselves at the next step in cellular respiration . after glycolysis , comes the krebs cycle .
which organelle is involved with cellular respiration ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
so , your muscles used up all the oxygen they had and they had to kick into anaerobic respiration in order to get the energy that they needed . and so you have all this lactic acid building up in your muscle tissues . ha !
what metabolized lactic acid and how does it works ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
and voila ! that is how animal cells , the world over , make atp through cellular respiration . now just to check , let 's reset our atp counter and do the math for a single glucose molecule once again .
why is it more efficient for cells to have a small supply of atp on hand ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups .
what does the rearrangement and decarboxylation of citrate do ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
and voila ! that is how animal cells , the world over , make atp through cellular respiration . now just to check , let 's reset our atp counter and do the math for a single glucose molecule once again .
if the thing that creates atp to make atp , where does that atp come from ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
now before we see how atp is actually put together , let 's look at how cells can cash in on the energy that 's stashed in there . well , adenosine triphosphate is made up of a nitrogenous base called adenine with a sugar called ribose and three phosphate groups attached to it . now one thing you need to know about the...
what is the difference between organic and inorganic phosphate ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
and voila ! that is how animal cells , the world over , make atp through cellular respiration . now just to check , let 's reset our atp counter and do the math for a single glucose molecule once again .
if prokaryotes makes atp in their cell membrane , how can they make proteins of making atp ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
so that 's all well and good , but here 's the thing , we ca n't just use that energy to run a marathon or something . first , our bodies have to turn that energy into a really specific form of stored energy called atp or adenosine triphosphate . you 've heard me talk about this before .
is there another energy source of energy other than atp ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
to help us keep track of all the awesome stuff we 're making here , let 's keep score . so far we 've created two molecules of atp and two molecules of nadh , which will be used to power more atp production later . now , a word about oxygen .
if we put atp molecules in one place , will it explode because it releases energy ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
to help us keep track of all the awesome stuff we 're making here , let 's keep score . so far we 've created two molecules of atp and two molecules of nadh , which will be used to power more atp production later . now , a word about oxygen .
can molecules other than glucose be used to make atp in the mitochondria ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
so that 's all well and good , but here 's the thing , we ca n't just use that energy to run a marathon or something . first , our bodies have to turn that energy into a really specific form of stored energy called atp or adenosine triphosphate . you 've heard me talk about this before .
if the person is fasting the cell will generate the same amount of energy ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
well , their electrons are going to provide the energy that will work as a pump along a chain of channel proteins across the inner membrane of the mitochondria where the krebs cycle occurred . these proteins will swap these electrons to send hydrogen protons from inside the very center of the mitochondria , across its ...
what is meant by the electrons being `` swapped '' for protons ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
to help us keep track of all the awesome stuff we 're making here , let 's keep score . so far we 've created two molecules of atp and two molecules of nadh , which will be used to power more atp production later . now , a word about oxygen .
how much atp would be made if you ate one piece of bread and then went dancing later ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
good work . ( breathes out loudly ) this video , by the way , i 'm using a lot of atp making it . now , each time a carbon comes off of the citric acid , some energy is made , but it 's not atp .
so if i was to eat one gram of sugar how much would go into making atp ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
and so we find ourselves at the next step in cellular respiration . after glycolysis , comes the krebs cycle . so , while glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm or the fluid medium within the cell that all the organelles hang out in , the krebs cycle happens across the inner membrane of the mitochondria , which are general...
what about the stage between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle called the preparatory phase ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
and so we find ourselves at the next step in cellular respiration . after glycolysis , comes the krebs cycle . so , while glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm or the fluid medium within the cell that all the organelles hang out in , the krebs cycle happens across the inner membrane of the mitochondria , which are general...
is glycolysis related to hydrolysis ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
and voila ! that is how animal cells , the world over , make atp through cellular respiration . now just to check , let 's reset our atp counter and do the math for a single glucose molecule once again .
if an animal cell performs anaerobic respiration , how many atps will it make ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
people are still studying this stuff , so let 's stick with that number , 38 . now , cellular respiration is n't something that just happens all at once . glucose is transformed into atps over three separate stages .
i do n't think it would be the same because isnt the only part of the respiration prcess that the cell can do is glycolysis ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
for being such a total freaking genius , he was awarded the nobel prize for medicine in 1953 . anyway , the citric acid is then oxidized over a bunch of intricate steps , cutting carbons off left and right , to eventually get back to oxaloacetic acid , which is what makes the krebs cycle a cycle . and as the carbons ge...
what are the steps in the energy cycle ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
so our two pyruvates create another two molecules of nadh to be used later . as in glycolysis , and really all life , enzymes are essential here . they are the proteins that bring together the stuff that needs to react with each other , and they bring them together in just the right way .
is there any differences between enzymes and co-enzymes ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
you 've heard me talk about this before . people often refer to atp as the currency of biological energy . think of it as an american dollar .
why do people refer to atp as the currency of biological energy ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
now before we see how atp is actually put together , let 's look at how cells can cash in on the energy that 's stashed in there . well , adenosine triphosphate is made up of a nitrogenous base called adenine with a sugar called ribose and three phosphate groups attached to it . now one thing you need to know about the...
what is the light dependent phase called ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
now just to check , let 's reset our atp counter and do the math for a single glucose molecule once again . we made two atps for each pyruvate during glycolysis . we made two during the krebs cycle , and then during the electron transport chain we made about 34 . and that is just for one molecule of glucose .
what is nadh made of ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
and so we find ourselves at the next step in cellular respiration . after glycolysis , comes the krebs cycle . so , while glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm or the fluid medium within the cell that all the organelles hang out in , the krebs cycle happens across the inner membrane of the mitochondria , which are general...
how many atp are formed in glycolysis and what is the net profit of atp in glycolysis ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
to help us keep track of all the awesome stuff we 're making here , let 's keep score . so far we 've created two molecules of atp and two molecules of nadh , which will be used to power more atp production later . now , a word about oxygen .
are atp used in pyurate oxidation ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
to help us keep track of all the awesome stuff we 're making here , let 's keep score . so far we 've created two molecules of atp and two molecules of nadh , which will be used to power more atp production later . now , a word about oxygen .
what are the molecules of atp ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
we made two during the krebs cycle , and then during the electron transport chain we made about 34 . and that is just for one molecule of glucose . imagine how much your body makes and uses every single day .
how many kilo jules of energy is equal to one glucose molecule ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
so , your muscles used up all the oxygen they had and they had to kick into anaerobic respiration in order to get the energy that they needed . and so you have all this lactic acid building up in your muscle tissues . ha !
i have a mitochondrial disorder called mitochondrial encephalopathy lactic acidosis stroke syndrome ( melas ) , my lactic acid levels are high mine is 5.4 when the reference range is 0.5-2.2 , why would my lactic acid levels be that high ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
this is where we go back to nad+ and its sort of colleague fad . nad+ and fad are chummy little enzymes that are related to b vitamins . derivatives of niacin and riboflavin , which you might have seen in the vitamin aisle .
where does that b vit come from ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
and voila ! that is how animal cells , the world over , make atp through cellular respiration . now just to check , let 's reset our atp counter and do the math for a single glucose molecule once again .
where does most of the atp produced in cellular respiration come from ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
so that 's all well and good , but here 's the thing , we ca n't just use that energy to run a marathon or something . first , our bodies have to turn that energy into a really specific form of stored energy called atp or adenosine triphosphate . you 've heard me talk about this before .
the `` kicking out '' of a phosphate group creates energy , right ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups .
what is nahd and what does it stand for ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
so , remember all those nadhs and fadh2s we made in the krebs cycle ? well , their electrons are going to provide the energy that will work as a pump along a chain of channel proteins across the inner membrane of the mitochondria where the krebs cycle occurred . these proteins will swap these electrons to send hydrogen...
when hank is describing the electron configuration chain i got lost what exactly is happening and where is the atp being produced ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
( breathes out loudly ) this video , by the way , i 'm using a lot of atp making it . now , each time a carbon comes off of the citric acid , some energy is made , but it 's not atp . it 's stored in a whole different kind of molecular package .
how come adp is made from atp ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
so that 's all well and good , but here 's the thing , we ca n't just use that energy to run a marathon or something . first , our bodies have to turn that energy into a really specific form of stored energy called atp or adenosine triphosphate . you 've heard me talk about this before .
did hank mean to say `` equals energy '' instead of `` plus energy '' ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
and now comes the time when your saying , `` sweet pyruvate sandwiches , hank , `` are n't we supposed to be making atp here ? `` let 's make it happen , capt'n ! what 's the holdup ? ''
wait does n't the kreb cycle happen in the mitochondria matrix ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
and glycolysis is just the breaking up of glucose 's six-carbon ring into two three-carbon molecules called pyruvic acids or pyruvate molecules . now in order to explain how exactly glycolysis works , i 'd need about an hour of your time , and a giant cast of finger puppets each playing a different enzyme , and though ...
explain the meaning of the terms cold-blooded and warm-blooded ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
( breathes out loudly ) this video , by the way , i 'm using a lot of atp making it . now , each time a carbon comes off of the citric acid , some energy is made , but it 's not atp . it 's stored in a whole different kind of molecular package .
what is atp made up of ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
and now comes the time when your saying , `` sweet pyruvate sandwiches , hank , `` are n't we supposed to be making atp here ? `` let 's make it happen , capt'n ! what 's the holdup ? ''
why we do n't make alcohol but make latic acid ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
it 's pretty neat , huh ? well , it turns out that how we make and use energy is a lot like sports or other kinds of exercise . it can be hard work and a little bit complicated , but if you do it right , it comes with some tremendous payoffs .
what type of sugar does yeast use to reproduct ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
we made two during the krebs cycle , and then during the electron transport chain we made about 34 . and that is just for one molecule of glucose . imagine how much your body makes and uses every single day .
how does atp production change if your body uses fatty acids rather than glucose ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
now , it 's worth noting that this number is kind of a best-case scenario . usually it 's more like 29 or 30 atps , but whatever . people are still studying this stuff , so let 's stick with that number , 38 .
hank is saying that usually 29-30 molecules of atp produced for 1 glucose , but if it was a best scenario it would be 38 atps , so where do the rest atps are going , why there is not always 38 ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
so that 's all well and good , but here 's the thing , we ca n't just use that energy to run a marathon or something . first , our bodies have to turn that energy into a really specific form of stored energy called atp or adenosine triphosphate . you 've heard me talk about this before .
i am unable to understand how energy is extracted from atp ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
nad+s and fads are like batteries , big awkward batteries that pick up hydrogen and energized electrons from each pyruvate , which in effect charges them up . the addition of hydrogen turns them into nadh and fadh2 , respectively . each pyruvate yields three nadhs and one fadh2 per cycle , and since each glucose has be...
whats the difference between nadh and nadph ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
now before we see how atp is actually put together , let 's look at how cells can cash in on the energy that 's stashed in there . well , adenosine triphosphate is made up of a nitrogenous base called adenine with a sugar called ribose and three phosphate groups attached to it . now one thing you need to know about the...
why was creatine phosphate system not covered ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
so that 's all well and good , but here 's the thing , we ca n't just use that energy to run a marathon or something . first , our bodies have to turn that energy into a really specific form of stored energy called atp or adenosine triphosphate . you 've heard me talk about this before .
is atp the only source of energy ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
to help us keep track of all the awesome stuff we 're making here , let 's keep score . so far we 've created two molecules of atp and two molecules of nadh , which will be used to power more atp production later . now , a word about oxygen .
what are the effects of not having enough atp ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
it 's stored in a whole different kind of molecular package . this is where we go back to nad+ and its sort of colleague fad . nad+ and fad are chummy little enzymes that are related to b vitamins . derivatives of niacin and riboflavin , which you might have seen in the vitamin aisle .
how did a cell or mitochondria make fad and nad+ ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
they are the proteins that bring together the stuff that needs to react with each other , and they bring them together in just the right way . these enzymes , for example , bring together a phosphate with an adp , to create another atp molecule for each pyruvate . enzymes also help join the acetyl coa and a four-carbon...
what happens to the third phosphate group that gets shot off of atp ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
to help us keep track of all the awesome stuff we 're making here , let 's keep score . so far we 've created two molecules of atp and two molecules of nadh , which will be used to power more atp production later . now , a word about oxygen .
how can the process create different # s of atp molecules ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
people are still studying this stuff , so let 's stick with that number , 38 . now , cellular respiration is n't something that just happens all at once . glucose is transformed into atps over three separate stages .
hank said that you need 2 nadh to power cellular respiration , but when your first cellular respiration happens where does the 2 nadh come from ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
for being such a total freaking genius , he was awarded the nobel prize for medicine in 1953 . anyway , the citric acid is then oxidized over a bunch of intricate steps , cutting carbons off left and right , to eventually get back to oxaloacetic acid , which is what makes the krebs cycle a cycle . and as the carbons ge...
how is oxaloacetic acid formed , and why in his diagram at about do the carbons keep coming back ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
for being such a total freaking genius , he was awarded the nobel prize for medicine in 1953 . anyway , the citric acid is then oxidized over a bunch of intricate steps , cutting carbons off left and right , to eventually get back to oxaloacetic acid , which is what makes the krebs cycle a cycle . and as the carbons ge...
are the carbons in the citric acid removed until there is just oxaloacetic acid left ?
hank : oh , hello there i 'm at the gym . i do n't know why you 're here , but i 'm going to do some push-ups . so you can join me on the floor if you want . now i 'm not doing this just to show off or anything , i 'm actually doing this for science , okay . ( grunts ) you see what happened there ? my arms moved . my s...
and voila ! that is how animal cells , the world over , make atp through cellular respiration . now just to check , let 's reset our atp counter and do the math for a single glucose molecule once again .
why is cellular respiration the best way to make atp ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
and one way to think about it is , if you give me two points , there 's an infinite number of triangles that i construct with those two points , because i could put the third point anywhere . i could construct this triangle . i could construct this triangle , i could construct this triangle , i can construct this trian...
could someone explain to me how you can have 'o ' as the circumcenter of a triangle it is not in ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
if you have three points that are not on the same line , that defines a unique triangle . for any unique triangle you have a unique circumcenter and circumradius . i 'll rewrite it , i do n't want to get lazy and confuse you -- circumradius .
why does sal write that any unique triangle has a unique circumcenter and circumradius ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
if you have three points that are not on the same line , that defines a unique triangle . for any unique triangle you have a unique circumcenter and circumradius . i 'll rewrite it , i do n't want to get lazy and confuse you -- circumradius .
i do agree that 3 points define a unique triangle , but different triangles can have the same circumcenter and circumradius , right ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here .
what are or what is euclid 's elements ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
i could construct this triangle . i could construct this triangle , i could construct this triangle , i can construct this triangle . and all of these triangles are going to have different circumcenters and different radiuses .
my question : can one construct a triangle in a bounded circle with a side through 0 that is not a right triangle ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- try to draw my lines as straight as possible -- ...
why is it correct to say `` circumscribed about a triangle '' rather than `` circumscribed around a triangle '' or something else ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here .
why can you not use the orthocenter of a triangle as the 3 points ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
so once again , we see the three perpendicular bisectors are intersecting at a unique point , and o really is the circumcenter . so if you take any circle , if you take a circle , and if you put any triangle whose vertices sit on the circle , the center of that circle is its circumcenter . so we just drew a situation w...
do you use the circumcenter because you are able to find the circumradius , which would be the radius of the inscribed circle ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
i could construct this triangle . i could construct this triangle , i could construct this triangle , i can construct this triangle . and all of these triangles are going to have different circumcenters and different radiuses .
what if we have a obtuse angled triangle ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
and that is a point that is equidistant to these three vertices , it equidistant to these three points . so the way can we can find it is we draw a perpendicular bisector of each of these sides and where the three perpendicular bisectors intersect -- and we show that they always intersect at a unique point -- that is t...
do the perpendicular bisectors of the three sides always intersect ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
so you see clearly , very clearly , that two points are not enough . you need three points , three points lead to a triangle , lead to a unique circle . so that by itself is kind of cool .
why do three points determine a circle ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
but i went over it just to kind of reinstate a pretty interesting idea , that if you give me three points that defines a unique triangle , and if you have a unique triangle -- and let me make it clear . this is three non-collinear points , so three points not on the same line . if you have three points that are not on ...
how did sal get those three red lines ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
so we just drew a situation where this is the circumcenter that sits outside of the triangle proper . so point o is also going to be the circumcenter of this triangle right over here . and point o is also going to be the circumcenter of this triangle right over here .
in the last video , sal proved that the circumcenter of a right triangle is always on the hypotenuse , but is n't there a way to construct a right triangle on a circle without the hypotenuse going through the center ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
so we just drew a situation where this is the circumcenter that sits outside of the triangle proper . so point o is also going to be the circumcenter of this triangle right over here . and point o is also going to be the circumcenter of this triangle right over here .
in the last video , sal proved that the circumcenter of a right triangle is always on the hypotenuse , but is n't there a way to construct a right triangle on a circle without the hypotenuse going through the center ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
so if i draw a circle right over here , its center is right over there . and if i draw an arbitrary triangle where all of the vertices of that triangle are on this circle , is this center necessarily the circumcenter of that triangle ? so let me draw a crazy situation .
so if a circumcenter does n't necessarily have to be in the triangle , where is the center of the triangle ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
so once again , we see the three perpendicular bisectors are intersecting at a unique point , and o really is the circumcenter . so if you take any circle , if you take a circle , and if you put any triangle whose vertices sit on the circle , the center of that circle is its circumcenter . so we just drew a situation w...
how do you know how large or small to make the circle ( how many units ) from the circumcenter all the way around ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
so if i draw a circle right over here , its center is right over there . and if i draw an arbitrary triangle where all of the vertices of that triangle are on this circle , is this center necessarily the circumcenter of that triangle ? so let me draw a crazy situation .
is there a difference between the centriod and the circumcenter of a triangle ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
and this point right over here , we 've already talked about , we 'll call that point o . we call that the circumcenter . o is the circumcenter . this is all a little bit of review .
why does sal always call the circumcenter point o ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
so this distance , oa , the length of oa , the length of oc , and the length of ob , so oa is equal to oc is equal to ob , which is the c circumradius . and we 've learned when we first talked about circles , if you give me a point , and if we find the locus of all points that are equidistant from that point , then tha...
how do you find the equation for the circumcircle ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
this is what the interesting thing is , we 're seeing that the three perpendicular bisectors of the three sides of this triangle , they do definitely intersect , but they are intersecting at a point outside of that triangle . and that point is the center of the circle . so once again , the last idea is , o is equidista...
how do you calculate a center angle ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here .
is this theorem in euclid 's elements ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
so if i draw a circle right over here , its center is right over there . and if i draw an arbitrary triangle where all of the vertices of that triangle are on this circle , is this center necessarily the circumcenter of that triangle ? so let me draw a crazy situation .
how come the circumcenter of the triangle is n't even in the center ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
so once again , we see the three perpendicular bisectors are intersecting at a unique point , and o really is the circumcenter . so if you take any circle , if you take a circle , and if you put any triangle whose vertices sit on the circle , the center of that circle is its circumcenter . so we just drew a situation w...
why is a circle 360 degrees ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- try to draw my lines as straight as possible -- ...
how would you find the circumcenter of a triangle mathematically ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
so let 's say that this is the perpendicular bisector of that side , this is the perpendicular bisector of that side , and this is the perpendicular bisector of that side . so these are all perpendicular , this is perpendicular , and they each bisect the sides . b to this point is going to be equal to this point to a .
what does the perpendicular mean ?
we know that three points define a triangle . so if i were to take three random points here , so let 's call that point a , point b , and then let 's say this is point c right over here . if we say that these three points are the vertices of a triangle , they define a unique triangle . so this would be triangle a -- tr...
i could construct this triangle . i could construct this triangle , i could construct this triangle , i can construct this triangle . and all of these triangles are going to have different circumcenters and different radiuses .
can o be in the middle of the triangle ?
welcome to the presentation on averages . averages is probably a concept that you 've already used before , maybe not in a mathematical way . but people will talk in terms of , the average voter wants a politician to do this , or the average student in a class wants to get out early . so you 're probably already famili...
and then divide by the number of numbers we have . so we say 1 plus 3 is 4 . so let me write that .
1+3+7=11 , but ( assuming since sal averages four numbers , he puts 4 here , i did 3 , so i put 3 ) how would i write down the fourth three that goes into 11 ?
welcome to the presentation on averages . averages is probably a concept that you 've already used before , maybe not in a mathematical way . but people will talk in terms of , the average voter wants a politician to do this , or the average student in a class wants to get out early . so you 're probably already famili...
33 minus 32 is 1 , 16 . 4 . so the average is equal to 84 .
so you just add all the numbers together and then divide by how ever many numbers there are so like 2+4+6+8=20 then divide 20/4=5 so 5 would be the average of 2,4,6,8 right ?
welcome to the presentation on averages . averages is probably a concept that you 've already used before , maybe not in a mathematical way . but people will talk in terms of , the average voter wants a politician to do this , or the average student in a class wants to get out early . so you 're probably already famili...
33 minus 32 is 1 , 16 . 4 . so the average is equal to 84 .
why is the , '' 84 '' being multiplied by 4 ?
welcome to the presentation on averages . averages is probably a concept that you 've already used before , maybe not in a mathematical way . but people will talk in terms of , the average voter wants a politician to do this , or the average student in a class wants to get out early . so you 're probably already famili...
and then we have 10 , i did n't have to do that decimal there , oh well . 2 , 8 , 25 . so 4 goes into 29 7.25 times .
where did the .25 come from ?
welcome to the presentation on averages . averages is probably a concept that you 've already used before , maybe not in a mathematical way . but people will talk in terms of , the average voter wants a politician to do this , or the average student in a class wants to get out early . so you 're probably already famili...
33 minus 32 is 1 , 16 . 4 . so the average is equal to 84 .
can anybody make me understand what has sal said between ?