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narrator : benito musssolini 's rise to power in the early 1920s in italy is a fairly rapid , and from historical perspective , fairly surprising one . to give some context , as late as 1915 , ( writing ) 1915 , he had recently been ousted from the italian socialist party based on his decent over whether italy should e... | ( writing ) fascist party . obviously it was n't called that in italian . in italian it was the partito nazionale fascista and mussolini is the leading figure here . | between and why could n't mussolini be called a dictator , even though he has absolute power ? |
narrator : benito musssolini 's rise to power in the early 1920s in italy is a fairly rapid , and from historical perspective , fairly surprising one . to give some context , as late as 1915 , ( writing ) 1915 , he had recently been ousted from the italian socialist party based on his decent over whether italy should e... | this essentially causes the current government to be ... the prime minister to be ousted and the king appoints mussolini as prime minister . ( writing ) so , mussolini , mussolini is now the prime minister . so this is a super rapid ascend , really based on peoples ' unhappiness with the left-leaning government , peopl... | what were the anti-fascist parties when mussolini was rising to power ? |
narrator : benito musssolini 's rise to power in the early 1920s in italy is a fairly rapid , and from historical perspective , fairly surprising one . to give some context , as late as 1915 , ( writing ) 1915 , he had recently been ousted from the italian socialist party based on his decent over whether italy should e... | the estimates i 've seen is about 200 individuals who group together . what unifies them is a strongly anti-socialist ideology . there 's an irony here because mussolini was in the socialist party before the war , but is a strongly anti-socialist ideology and a strongly nationalist ideology . | why were these people anti-socialist ? |
narrator : benito musssolini 's rise to power in the early 1920s in italy is a fairly rapid , and from historical perspective , fairly surprising one . to give some context , as late as 1915 , ( writing ) 1915 , he had recently been ousted from the italian socialist party based on his decent over whether italy should e... | every picture you see of him he has these really stern looks , he has this impression of a really strong figure . not only did he become prime minister , but he 's able to get dictatorial powers . the legislator actually gives him dictatorial powers for a year . ( writing ) dictata- , dictatorial powers for one year , ... | was there no public say in mussolini being given dictatorial powers ? |
narrator : benito musssolini 's rise to power in the early 1920s in italy is a fairly rapid , and from historical perspective , fairly surprising one . to give some context , as late as 1915 , ( writing ) 1915 , he had recently been ousted from the italian socialist party based on his decent over whether italy should e... | ( writing ) so , in october you have a march on rome and i 've seen several accounts of the size of this march on rome , but the numbers that i 've seen is on the order of 200,000 . ( writing ) 200,000 fascists march on rome . this essentially causes the current government to be ... the prime minister to be ousted and ... | if mussolini had a conference with the 40,000 fascists , where did the other 160,000 come from who marched on rome ? |
narrator : benito musssolini 's rise to power in the early 1920s in italy is a fairly rapid , and from historical perspective , fairly surprising one . to give some context , as late as 1915 , ( writing ) 1915 , he had recently been ousted from the italian socialist party based on his decent over whether italy should e... | this essentially causes the current government to be ... the prime minister to be ousted and the king appoints mussolini as prime minister . ( writing ) so , mussolini , mussolini is now the prime minister . so this is a super rapid ascend , really based on peoples ' unhappiness with the left-leaning government , peopl... | why did mussolini align with adolf hitler ? |
narrator : benito musssolini 's rise to power in the early 1920s in italy is a fairly rapid , and from historical perspective , fairly surprising one . to give some context , as late as 1915 , ( writing ) 1915 , he had recently been ousted from the italian socialist party based on his decent over whether italy should e... | this essentially causes the current government to be ... the prime minister to be ousted and the king appoints mussolini as prime minister . ( writing ) so , mussolini , mussolini is now the prime minister . so this is a super rapid ascend , really based on peoples ' unhappiness with the left-leaning government , peopl... | why did n't mussolini go back to milan fascio after ww1 ? |
narrator : benito musssolini 's rise to power in the early 1920s in italy is a fairly rapid , and from historical perspective , fairly surprising one . to give some context , as late as 1915 , ( writing ) 1915 , he had recently been ousted from the italian socialist party based on his decent over whether italy should e... | not only did he become prime minister , but he 's able to get dictatorial powers . the legislator actually gives him dictatorial powers for a year . ( writing ) dictata- , dictatorial powers for one year , so you ca n't , at this point call him the dictator . | 3- why would the legislator give mussolini dictatorial powers ? |
narrator : benito musssolini 's rise to power in the early 1920s in italy is a fairly rapid , and from historical perspective , fairly surprising one . to give some context , as late as 1915 , ( writing ) 1915 , he had recently been ousted from the italian socialist party based on his decent over whether italy should e... | narrator : benito musssolini 's rise to power in the early 1920s in italy is a fairly rapid , and from historical perspective , fairly surprising one . to give some context , as late as 1915 , ( writing ) 1915 , he had recently been ousted from the italian socialist party based on his decent over whether italy should e... | why did hitler have to have ww1 ? |
narrator : benito musssolini 's rise to power in the early 1920s in italy is a fairly rapid , and from historical perspective , fairly surprising one . to give some context , as late as 1915 , ( writing ) 1915 , he had recently been ousted from the italian socialist party based on his decent over whether italy should e... | you have more and more of these fasci forming throughout europe . not through europe , throughout italy . this is very appealing to , especially young boys in italy . | is it possible that italy wanted to recreate their legacy of ancient rome ? |
narrator : benito musssolini 's rise to power in the early 1920s in italy is a fairly rapid , and from historical perspective , fairly surprising one . to give some context , as late as 1915 , ( writing ) 1915 , he had recently been ousted from the italian socialist party based on his decent over whether italy should e... | these guys do n't view it as hey let 's meet together and talk about and maybe try to run for elections . they want to actively coerce people . they want to actively intimidate people and these groups that would rise out of this , that would be strongly anti-socialist and the anti left-leaning government they would wea... | why were n't the blackshirt thugs arrested for assaulting people before the fascists came to power ? |
narrator : benito musssolini 's rise to power in the early 1920s in italy is a fairly rapid , and from historical perspective , fairly surprising one . to give some context , as late as 1915 , ( writing ) 1915 , he had recently been ousted from the italian socialist party based on his decent over whether italy should e... | narrator : benito musssolini 's rise to power in the early 1920s in italy is a fairly rapid , and from historical perspective , fairly surprising one . to give some context , as late as 1915 , ( writing ) 1915 , he had recently been ousted from the italian socialist party based on his decent over whether italy should e... | on the bottom right corner , what is the symbol on the hat supposed to mean ? |
narrator : benito musssolini 's rise to power in the early 1920s in italy is a fairly rapid , and from historical perspective , fairly surprising one . to give some context , as late as 1915 , ( writing ) 1915 , he had recently been ousted from the italian socialist party based on his decent over whether italy should e... | you have more and more of these fasci forming throughout europe . not through europe , throughout italy . this is very appealing to , especially young boys in italy . | did italy have a king ? |
narrator : benito musssolini 's rise to power in the early 1920s in italy is a fairly rapid , and from historical perspective , fairly surprising one . to give some context , as late as 1915 , ( writing ) 1915 , he had recently been ousted from the italian socialist party based on his decent over whether italy should e... | every picture you see of him he has these really stern looks , he has this impression of a really strong figure . not only did he become prime minister , but he 's able to get dictatorial powers . the legislator actually gives him dictatorial powers for a year . ( writing ) dictata- , dictatorial powers for one year , ... | could the italian government have given dictatorial powers to mussolini as a possible nationalistic move , thinking that he would be like giuseppe garibaldi or old roman dictators and relinquish power once everything had been put in good order ? |
narrator : benito musssolini 's rise to power in the early 1920s in italy is a fairly rapid , and from historical perspective , fairly surprising one . to give some context , as late as 1915 , ( writing ) 1915 , he had recently been ousted from the italian socialist party based on his decent over whether italy should e... | ( writing ) fascist party . obviously it was n't called that in italian . in italian it was the partito nazionale fascista and mussolini is the leading figure here . | were n't there any other racial `` impurities '' in germany other than jews , such as asian , african , south american ? |
narrator : benito musssolini 's rise to power in the early 1920s in italy is a fairly rapid , and from historical perspective , fairly surprising one . to give some context , as late as 1915 , ( writing ) 1915 , he had recently been ousted from the italian socialist party based on his decent over whether italy should e... | you have the leading party in italy at the time is the italian socialist party , you have a left-leaning government . there is a desire to react against that seeming spread of socialism or of communism . these guys do n't view it as hey let 's meet together and talk about and maybe try to run for elections . | why were the nationalists against communism ? |
narrator : benito musssolini 's rise to power in the early 1920s in italy is a fairly rapid , and from historical perspective , fairly surprising one . to give some context , as late as 1915 , ( writing ) 1915 , he had recently been ousted from the italian socialist party based on his decent over whether italy should e... | this essentially causes the current government to be ... the prime minister to be ousted and the king appoints mussolini as prime minister . ( writing ) so , mussolini , mussolini is now the prime minister . so this is a super rapid ascend , really based on peoples ' unhappiness with the left-leaning government , peopl... | what were the main causes for the rise of totalitarian ideologies in europe before mussolini ? |
narrator : benito musssolini 's rise to power in the early 1920s in italy is a fairly rapid , and from historical perspective , fairly surprising one . to give some context , as late as 1915 , ( writing ) 1915 , he had recently been ousted from the italian socialist party based on his decent over whether italy should e... | which i wont write in black because then you would n't see it , so i 'll write in this blue color . ( writing ) these black shirts . these were very loosely organized bands , they were often called fasci , it would often be young men who would gather together in towns throughout italy and say we believe in this anti-so... | what is the significance of the `` black shirt '' ? |
narrator : benito musssolini 's rise to power in the early 1920s in italy is a fairly rapid , and from historical perspective , fairly surprising one . to give some context , as late as 1915 , ( writing ) 1915 , he had recently been ousted from the italian socialist party based on his decent over whether italy should e... | this fasci di combattimento had now morphed into a real national party , it 's now ... and they renamed themselves the nationalist or the national fascist party . ( writing ) fascist party . obviously it was n't called that in italian . | was the picture of mussolini of when he gathered followers for his fascist party ? |
narrator : benito musssolini 's rise to power in the early 1920s in italy is a fairly rapid , and from historical perspective , fairly surprising one . to give some context , as late as 1915 , ( writing ) 1915 , he had recently been ousted from the italian socialist party based on his decent over whether italy should e... | which i wont write in black because then you would n't see it , so i 'll write in this blue color . ( writing ) these black shirts . these were very loosely organized bands , they were often called fasci , it would often be young men who would gather together in towns throughout italy and say we believe in this anti-so... | did the black shirts have anything to do with mussolini 's gain of dictator-like powers ? |
which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . and for another segment to be perpendicular to it , perpendicular just means that the two segments need to intersect at a right angle , or at a 90-degree angle . and we see that bc intersects ab at a 90-degree angle . this symbol righ... | it has a right angle right over here . so this is a right triangle . this one right over here , all of these angles are less than 90 degrees , just eyeballing it . | what do those two extra tiny lines mean on the triangle 5 ? |
which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . and for another segment to be perpendicular to it , perpendicular just means that the two segments need to intersect at a right angle , or at a 90-degree angle . and we see that bc intersects ab at a 90-degree angle . this symbol righ... | so this one has a 90-degree angle . it has a right angle right over here . so this is a right triangle . | if a line is perpendicular it make a right angle ? |
which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . and for another segment to be perpendicular to it , perpendicular just means that the two segments need to intersect at a right angle , or at a 90-degree angle . and we see that bc intersects ab at a 90-degree angle . this symbol righ... | it has a right angle right over here . so this is a right triangle . this one right over here , all of these angles are less than 90 degrees , just eyeballing it . | how can you tell the name of the triangle if it has multiple degree angles ? |
which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . and for another segment to be perpendicular to it , perpendicular just means that the two segments need to intersect at a right angle , or at a 90-degree angle . and we see that bc intersects ab at a 90-degree angle . this symbol righ... | so this one has a 90-degree angle . it has a right angle right over here . so this is a right triangle . | how do u tell if its a right angle without the box ? |
which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . and for another segment to be perpendicular to it , perpendicular just means that the two segments need to intersect at a right angle , or at a 90-degree angle . and we see that bc intersects ab at a 90-degree angle . this symbol righ... | so this one has a 90-degree angle . it has a right angle right over here . so this is a right triangle . | why did'nt you tell us how much is a right angle ? |
which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . and for another segment to be perpendicular to it , perpendicular just means that the two segments need to intersect at a right angle , or at a 90-degree angle . and we see that bc intersects ab at a 90-degree angle . this symbol righ... | this symbol right over here represents a 90-degree , or a right angle . so we just have to find side ab or ba . and that 's right over here . | if the shape is a strange shape is that why some parallel lines r harder to find ? |
which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . and for another segment to be perpendicular to it , perpendicular just means that the two segments need to intersect at a right angle , or at a 90-degree angle . and we see that bc intersects ab at a 90-degree angle . this symbol righ... | it has a right angle right over here . so this is a right triangle . this one right over here , all of these angles are less than 90 degrees , just eyeballing it . so this is going to be an acute -- that 's going to be an acute triangle . i 'll put it under acute triangles right over there . | does sal mean that if a triangle has less then 3 acute angles , it is n't an acute triangle ? |
which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . and for another segment to be perpendicular to it , perpendicular just means that the two segments need to intersect at a right angle , or at a 90-degree angle . and we see that bc intersects ab at a 90-degree angle . this symbol righ... | acute triangles -- that means all three angles are less than 90 degrees . so this one has a 90-degree angle . it has a right angle right over here . | how can i tell the angle ? |
which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . and for another segment to be perpendicular to it , perpendicular just means that the two segments need to intersect at a right angle , or at a 90-degree angle . and we see that bc intersects ab at a 90-degree angle . this symbol righ... | which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . and for another segment to be perpendicular to it , perpendicular just means that the two segments need to intersect at a right angle , or at a 90-degree angle . and we see that bc intersects ab at a 90-degree angle . | what is a perpendicular line ? |
which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . and for another segment to be perpendicular to it , perpendicular just means that the two segments need to intersect at a right angle , or at a 90-degree angle . and we see that bc intersects ab at a 90-degree angle . this symbol righ... | which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . | 4 is there any rules in what order the letters are in ? |
which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . and for another segment to be perpendicular to it , perpendicular just means that the two segments need to intersect at a right angle , or at a 90-degree angle . and we see that bc intersects ab at a 90-degree angle . this symbol righ... | which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . | if a pulley has a parallel bar attached weighing 10lbs , and on each end of the bar is 10lbs , what is the total weight ? |
which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . and for another segment to be perpendicular to it , perpendicular just means that the two segments need to intersect at a right angle , or at a 90-degree angle . and we see that bc intersects ab at a 90-degree angle . this symbol righ... | so this one has a 90-degree angle . it has a right angle right over here . so this is a right triangle . this one right over here , all of these angles are less than 90 degrees , just eyeballing it . | are there any instances that a triangle will have two right angles ? |
which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . and for another segment to be perpendicular to it , perpendicular just means that the two segments need to intersect at a right angle , or at a 90-degree angle . and we see that bc intersects ab at a 90-degree angle . this symbol righ... | it 's going to be more than 90 degrees . so this is an obtuse triangle . now , this one over here , all of them seem acute . | the obtuse triangle has 2 acute angles so does n't that mean it 's a acute triangle ? |
which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . and for another segment to be perpendicular to it , perpendicular just means that the two segments need to intersect at a right angle , or at a 90-degree angle . and we see that bc intersects ab at a 90-degree angle . this symbol righ... | and that 's right over here . side ab is perpendicular to side bc . let 's do a few more of these . | the selected answer was side ab , but could n't side cd also be considered a correct answer ? |
which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . and for another segment to be perpendicular to it , perpendicular just means that the two segments need to intersect at a right angle , or at a 90-degree angle . and we see that bc intersects ab at a 90-degree angle . this symbol righ... | which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . | what is a serza in geometry ? |
which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . and for another segment to be perpendicular to it , perpendicular just means that the two segments need to intersect at a right angle , or at a 90-degree angle . and we see that bc intersects ab at a 90-degree angle . this symbol righ... | now , this one over here , all of them seem acute . none of them even seem to be a right angle . so i would put this again into acute -- acute triangles . this one here clearly has a right angle . | how do we know its acute or abtuse angle ? |
which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . and for another segment to be perpendicular to it , perpendicular just means that the two segments need to intersect at a right angle , or at a 90-degree angle . and we see that bc intersects ab at a 90-degree angle . this symbol righ... | which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . and for another segment to be perpendicular to it , perpendicular just means that the two segments need to intersect at a right angle , or at a 90-degree angle . | how do you find classifying shapes by line and angles types ? |
which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . and for another segment to be perpendicular to it , perpendicular just means that the two segments need to intersect at a right angle , or at a 90-degree angle . and we see that bc intersects ab at a 90-degree angle . this symbol righ... | acute triangles -- that means all three angles are less than 90 degrees . so this one has a 90-degree angle . it has a right angle right over here . | how do you know which angle is which ? |
which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . and for another segment to be perpendicular to it , perpendicular just means that the two segments need to intersect at a right angle , or at a 90-degree angle . and we see that bc intersects ab at a 90-degree angle . this symbol righ... | which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . | how can you tell the difference between every type of shape ? |
which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . and for another segment to be perpendicular to it , perpendicular just means that the two segments need to intersect at a right angle , or at a 90-degree angle . and we see that bc intersects ab at a 90-degree angle . this symbol righ... | so this one has a 90-degree angle . it has a right angle right over here . so this is a right triangle . | the box means right angle ? |
which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . and for another segment to be perpendicular to it , perpendicular just means that the two segments need to intersect at a right angle , or at a 90-degree angle . and we see that bc intersects ab at a 90-degree angle . this symbol righ... | which side is perpendicular to side bc ? so bc is this line segment right over here . | how could you tell what perpendicular is ? |
- okay , so let 's step back to the larger problem . our finished movies are viewed in a number of different ways . for instance , the screen a movie is displayed on could be a monitor , like this , or a projector , like this , and that 's where another problem creeps up . both of these displays are getting the same co... | the problem is display devices , like monitors and projectors , can only reproduce some of the perceivable colors . it 's the pure , or single wavelength , red , green and blue light , they have trouble creating . notice , this screen can generate a slightly purer , or deeper , red compared to this one . | so.. even if there is a device that can produce pure red , green and blue , it still can not produce all colors because the cie chromaticity diagram is not a perfect triangle ? |
- okay , so let 's step back to the larger problem . our finished movies are viewed in a number of different ways . for instance , the screen a movie is displayed on could be a monitor , like this , or a projector , like this , and that 's where another problem creeps up . both of these displays are getting the same co... | it 's the range of the perceivable colors any give device can reproduce . mathematicians would say the gamut is a subset of the perceivable color space . the size of this set is important to filmmakers because they want the biggest palate of colors to paint from . | so does it not make sense to say that what is being shown in the video via the monitor is not really the absolute complete perceivable colour space for the eye ? |
- okay , so let 's step back to the larger problem . our finished movies are viewed in a number of different ways . for instance , the screen a movie is displayed on could be a monitor , like this , or a projector , like this , and that 's where another problem creeps up . both of these displays are getting the same co... | this is because they use laser light which is very close to a single wavelength allowing them to produce very pure reds , greens , and blues . but here 's a practical problem for you to think about . how do we make sure our movies look good on any device , especially if they have very different gamuts ? you can think a... | also , we might think of different species ( or even humans with color-blindness or tetrachromaticity ) as having eyes with different gamuts , right ? |
- okay , so let 's step back to the larger problem . our finished movies are viewed in a number of different ways . for instance , the screen a movie is displayed on could be a monitor , like this , or a projector , like this , and that 's where another problem creeps up . both of these displays are getting the same co... | both of these displays are getting the same color signal of pure red . notice these resulting colors we see are n't exactly the same . the problem is display devices , like monitors and projectors , can only reproduce some of the perceivable colors . it 's the pure , or single wavelength , red , green and blue light , ... | if gamuts prevent devices from producing some colors , how is the complete cie chromaticity diagram shown in this video ? |
- okay , so let 's step back to the larger problem . our finished movies are viewed in a number of different ways . for instance , the screen a movie is displayed on could be a monitor , like this , or a projector , like this , and that 's where another problem creeps up . both of these displays are getting the same co... | for a long time , our movies were projected on film which has a very large gamut , like this . eventually , we moved to digital projectors which had a different gamut compared to film . more recently , laser illuminated digital projectors have been introduced which have a much larger gamut than film . this is because t... | why do the projectors have a small gamut ? |
- okay , so let 's step back to the larger problem . our finished movies are viewed in a number of different ways . for instance , the screen a movie is displayed on could be a monitor , like this , or a projector , like this , and that 's where another problem creeps up . both of these displays are getting the same co... | and , since the display can blend those colors , the device has the ability to create any colors in this black triangle . this region is called the gamut of the display device . it 's the range of the perceivable colors any give device can reproduce . | why is the gamut called 'gamut ' ? |
- okay , so let 's step back to the larger problem . our finished movies are viewed in a number of different ways . for instance , the screen a movie is displayed on could be a monitor , like this , or a projector , like this , and that 's where another problem creeps up . both of these displays are getting the same co... | the problem is display devices , like monitors and projectors , can only reproduce some of the perceivable colors . it 's the pure , or single wavelength , red , green and blue light , they have trouble creating . notice , this screen can generate a slightly purer , or deeper , red compared to this one . | if no device can produce pure red , green and blue ; then how does the full color of the cie diagram show the complete range on the video in the lessons ? |
- okay , so let 's step back to the larger problem . our finished movies are viewed in a number of different ways . for instance , the screen a movie is displayed on could be a monitor , like this , or a projector , like this , and that 's where another problem creeps up . both of these displays are getting the same co... | if it tries to display those colors , the best it can do is hit three points over here , here , and here . and , since the display can blend those colors , the device has the ability to create any colors in this black triangle . this region is called the gamut of the display device . | the colors show different on each device , but how than are we able to see the color differences and the pure colors on the diagram ? |
- okay , so let 's step back to the larger problem . our finished movies are viewed in a number of different ways . for instance , the screen a movie is displayed on could be a monitor , like this , or a projector , like this , and that 's where another problem creeps up . both of these displays are getting the same co... | both of these displays are getting the same color signal of pure red . notice these resulting colors we see are n't exactly the same . the problem is display devices , like monitors and projectors , can only reproduce some of the perceivable colors . | is this why women 's can see more colors than men 's ? |
so we 've got these three penguins , grammarians we 've got raúl , who you may remember from his sweet mohawk , we 've got cesar and we 've got gabriela . three magellanic penguins from argentina . and they are all different amounts of happy . cesar is a medium amount of happy , raúl is more happy , and gabriela is th... | to compare raúl to gabriela , or any combination thereof . we call these comparative and superlative adjectives . and before i get too into the weeds on that , let me just show you what that looks like . | can all adjectives form comparatives or superlatives ? |
so we 've got these three penguins , grammarians we 've got raúl , who you may remember from his sweet mohawk , we 've got cesar and we 've got gabriela . three magellanic penguins from argentina . and they are all different amounts of happy . cesar is a medium amount of happy , raúl is more happy , and gabriela is th... | so we 've got these three penguins , grammarians we 've got raúl , who you may remember from his sweet mohawk , we 've got cesar and we 've got gabriela . three magellanic penguins from argentina . and they are all different amounts of happy . | all the names of the penguins sound like spanish names are they ? |
so we 've got these three penguins , grammarians we 've got raúl , who you may remember from his sweet mohawk , we 've got cesar and we 've got gabriela . three magellanic penguins from argentina . and they are all different amounts of happy . cesar is a medium amount of happy , raúl is more happy , and gabriela is th... | right . cesar is less happy than raúl . so then we use the less than symbol . gabriela is the happiest penguin , and so for this group of three , cesar is the least happy . | when you put superlative why did you put less than symbol ? |
so we 've got these three penguins , grammarians we 've got raúl , who you may remember from his sweet mohawk , we 've got cesar and we 've got gabriela . three magellanic penguins from argentina . and they are all different amounts of happy . cesar is a medium amount of happy , raúl is more happy , and gabriela is th... | right . cesar is less happy than raúl . so then we use the less than symbol . | in the example given 0 , `` cesar is less happy than raul , '' would n't less be modifying happy , ( which is modifying cesar , a noun , meaning that happy is an adjective ) which makes less an adverb because it is modifying an adjective ? |
so we 've got these three penguins , grammarians we 've got raúl , who you may remember from his sweet mohawk , we 've got cesar and we 've got gabriela . three magellanic penguins from argentina . and they are all different amounts of happy . cesar is a medium amount of happy , raúl is more happy , and gabriela is th... | to compare raúl to gabriela , or any combination thereof . we call these comparative and superlative adjectives . and before i get too into the weeds on that , let me just show you what that looks like . | can the comparative adjectives be used for more than two nouns , like the superlative adjectives can ? |
so we 've got these three penguins , grammarians we 've got raúl , who you may remember from his sweet mohawk , we 've got cesar and we 've got gabriela . three magellanic penguins from argentina . and they are all different amounts of happy . cesar is a medium amount of happy , raúl is more happy , and gabriela is th... | and something that 's neat about english is that you can use the comparative and superlative for both positive relationships and also negative relationships . so we could say raúl is a happy penguin , and we can say raúl is happier than cesar . we can also say cesar is less happy than raúl . | i have a question - i wonder if we could say `` raul is the happy penguin '' instead of `` raul '' is a penguin ? |
so we 've got these three penguins , grammarians we 've got raúl , who you may remember from his sweet mohawk , we 've got cesar and we 've got gabriela . three magellanic penguins from argentina . and they are all different amounts of happy . cesar is a medium amount of happy , raúl is more happy , and gabriela is th... | so we can say raúl , let me put in the accent , raúl is a happy penguin . he 's go all the fish he wants , life is good . raúl is happier than cesar . | where did raul 's mohawk go ? |
so we 've got these three penguins , grammarians we 've got raúl , who you may remember from his sweet mohawk , we 've got cesar and we 've got gabriela . three magellanic penguins from argentina . and they are all different amounts of happy . cesar is a medium amount of happy , raúl is more happy , and gabriela is th... | right . cesar is less happy than raúl . so then we use the less than symbol . gabriela is the happiest penguin , and so for this group of three , cesar is the least happy . | what i want to know is ; is there a suffix to mean less than ? |
so we 've got these three penguins , grammarians we 've got raúl , who you may remember from his sweet mohawk , we 've got cesar and we 've got gabriela . three magellanic penguins from argentina . and they are all different amounts of happy . cesar is a medium amount of happy , raúl is more happy , and gabriela is th... | three magellanic penguins from argentina . and they are all different amounts of happy . cesar is a medium amount of happy , raúl is more happy , and gabriela is the most happy . and in english , we have a way to compare these . | so would `` the happiest '' be better to use than `` the most happy '' ? |
( circus music ) : wearing a fur lined jacket and a stiff tutu , a performer slowly makes her way into the ring of the circus tent . her horse knows the route by heart and plods along in front of her . in a few deft strokes , the artist henri toulouse-lautrec captured both sides of the circus , the glamour of the brig... | people could see and be seen like never before . for the first time , artists began depicting scenes of regular people enjoying themselves . auguste renoir painted a couple promenading in the park . | did henri toulouse-lautrec ever fraternize with the other artists of this time ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | you need both the b cell to escape the weeding out in the bone marrow and the t cell to escape the weeding out in the thymus for you to get an active b cell that 's now going to start putting out antibodies that react to self . by the way , this cellular kiss here is usually going on in the lymph node . looking at this... | is the process of cellular differentiation fully understood ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | by the way we 're talking about b cells here . b cells . everything we 're saying is equally applicable to t cells . | during immuno-suppressive illnesses like hiv how do the innate and adaptive cells of the immune systems lose their functions ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | by the way we 're talking about b cells here . b cells . everything we 're saying is equally applicable to t cells . | how does it get killed if the immature b-cells binding to it are killed ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | by the way we 're talking about b cells here . b cells . everything we 're saying is equally applicable to t cells . | therefore , can mature b-cells ( or others t-cell , dendritic etc ) go into the bone marrow to fight the infection ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | muscle weakness and gravis just means it 's serious because it gets serious over time . if you ca n't activate the muscle fibers in your body you slowly become paralyzed . you do n't need to remember this exact mechanism . | if not , ca n't the infection/virus/cancer take a hold ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | if you want to tighten this muscle fiber you just need to send the signal down a neuron and they 'll release the little molecules which will activate the muscle fiber . in one example of autoimmune disease you get antibodies against this receptor here on the muscle . they bind to it and that either stops it from functi... | how are antibodies not formed against the various flora in the gut ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | by the way we 're talking about b cells here . b cells . everything we 're saying is equally applicable to t cells . | is the process of vetting b and t cells in the bone marrow and thymus referred to as negative selection ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | by the way we 're talking about b cells here . b cells . everything we 're saying is equally applicable to t cells . | how do t-cells react to cancerous cells , which are self things ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | by the way we 're talking about b cells here . b cells . everything we 're saying is equally applicable to t cells . | do b-cells react to our cells often or does that only happen rarely ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | it needs this t cell to recognize it . this is exactly the second mechanism of defense that i 'd like to bring to your attention which is that even if a b cell escapes that reacts to self . almost always it 's also going to need a t cell that reacts to self to come and activate it . you need both the b cell to escape t... | ish , he mentions that b-cells create antibodies which will go bind and kill `` self '' proteins , is n't this detrimental , and wo n't this result in more loss of `` self '' proteins ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | by the way we 're talking about b cells here . b cells . everything we 're saying is equally applicable to t cells . | if memory cells are created as a result of the b/t-cell `` kiss '' , this will result in creation of memory b-cells , which will then be trained to kill self-proteins in the future , can anyone expound on how this is of benefit ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | by the way we 're talking about b cells here . b cells . everything we 're saying is equally applicable to t cells . | what happens to cells that kill bacteria that we need , such as those in your gut ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | by the way we 're talking about b cells here . b cells . everything we 're saying is equally applicable to t cells . | also if blood has access to the digestive system then do the cells in your blood also kill your food ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | we 'll give them slightly different colors to make that obvious . here 's one with slightly different dna and a slightly different b cell receptor . the really critical point to remember is that these b cell receptors that will become antibodies are generated at random . | how is the dna different in both ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | we 'll give them slightly different colors to make that obvious . here 's one with slightly different dna and a slightly different b cell receptor . the really critical point to remember is that these b cell receptors that will become antibodies are generated at random . | is n't it just the expression of the genes in different b-cell / t-cell that is different , but the dna throughout all nucleated cells in the body is same ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | by the way we 're talking about b cells here . b cells . everything we 're saying is equally applicable to t cells . | how do b cells know to shuffle dna ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | by the way we 're talking about b cells here . b cells . everything we 're saying is equally applicable to t cells . | if b cells are created in the bone marrow , does eating bone marrow increase the number of b cells in the body ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | now this b cell receptor is what 's gon na bind to foreign , pieces of foreign bacteria or viruses and these antibodies are gon na bind to those things and help your body get rid of them . the important thing to remember about b cells is that these antibodies or these b cell receptors are coded in the dna of the b cell... | this protects the body should a b cell have antibodies to `` self '' , but happens if a t cell has antibodies to `` self '' ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | the processes we 're gon na talk about are equally true , maybe even in some cases more so true for t cells and b cells . let 's go to the bone marrow to figure out how this process works , and we 're going to the bone marrow because that 's where b cells come from . it 's where they get their unique antibody , your b ... | later you address if a pathogen gets into the bone marrow , but what if its a novel pathogen or cancerous pathogen ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | now even though your body has these mechanisms to keep your immune system from reacting to yourself it still happens sometimes . the process still goes wrong sometimes and the result is autoimmune disease . it 's called autoimmune because you 're immune to yourself . your immune system basically starts attacking your o... | how do you stop an auto immune disease and how long do you generally have ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | all these proteins will be around . what your body does at this stage and development is it says whatever b cell binds to something , wherever b cell binds to something with its b cell receptor in the bone marrow will be killed . this b cell right here that recognizes this insulin protein the fact that it recognizes it... | so my question is , in lymph node , what if b cell binds to good protein and activated itself and proliferates plasma cell ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | the processes we 're gon na talk about are equally true , maybe even in some cases more so true for t cells and b cells . let 's go to the bone marrow to figure out how this process works , and we 're going to the bone marrow because that 's where b cells come from . it 's where they get their unique antibody , your b ... | can any auto-immune diseases be treated by injecting auto-antigens into the bone marrow or thymus ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | in fact there 's no way to do it because as i said , this process of creating different b cell receptors and antibodies is totally random . there 's no way to keep your body from making b cell receptors or b cells that will react to yourself . what does that mean ? | but how can the body react precisely to different invaders if the receptors on the immature b lymphocytes are randomly created ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | it 's just because every process has its mistakes and maybe you do n't have every single protein here in the bone marrow and enough abundance to find the b cells that reacts to a protein of your own body . let 's say this is a b cell that escaped the bone marrow even though it reacts to self . what 's gon na happen now... | are t cell first produced in bone marrow and matured in the thymus ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | by the way we 're talking about b cells here . b cells . everything we 're saying is equally applicable to t cells . | so every protein is presented to b cells for vetting purposes ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | this is exactly what happens . the reason why it 's not too much of a problem is that even if you have this bacterium here in the bone marrow for a week or two or maybe a month , after that once this bacterium goes away or it 's killed then it wo n't be there anymore and you can start producing these b cells that react... | how would the pathogen be killed ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | now even though your body has these mechanisms to keep your immune system from reacting to yourself it still happens sometimes . the process still goes wrong sometimes and the result is autoimmune disease . it 's called autoimmune because you 're immune to yourself . your immune system basically starts attacking your o... | when was the first documented case of auto-immune disease ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | all these proteins will be around . what your body does at this stage and development is it says whatever b cell binds to something , wherever b cell binds to something with its b cell receptor in the bone marrow will be killed . this b cell right here that recognizes this insulin protein the fact that it recognizes it... | is n't it necessary that a dendritic cell binds with a th ( helper ) cell first , so the `` kiss '' between b and t cells can occur ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | by the way we 're talking about b cells here . b cells . everything we 're saying is equally applicable to t cells . | how would the body weed out the t cells in the thymus when they would need a b cell to present a part of a pathogen ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | by the way we 're talking about b cells here . b cells . everything we 're saying is equally applicable to t cells . | is n't there not a large enough quantity , if any , of b cells for all of the self t cells to be rooted out before they are released ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | you do n't want this guy to die because you need him . because you want to fight this bacteria . the reason why he does n't die is because well , we 're in a different environment . | is there only white blood cells in the lymph nodes once they are matured , or are they floating around so that they can fight bacteria everywhere ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | by the way we 're talking about b cells here . b cells . everything we 're saying is equally applicable to t cells . | how many b-cells do you have ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | by the way we 're talking about b cells here . b cells . everything we 're saying is equally applicable to t cells . | how does the body prevent b cells or t cells from attacking good bacteria such , as in the gut ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | you do n't want this guy to die because you need him . because you want to fight this bacteria . the reason why he does n't die is because well , we 're in a different environment . | what if there is bacteria in the bone marrow , but there is no receptor for that bacteria ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | the processes we 're gon na talk about are equally true , maybe even in some cases more so true for t cells and b cells . let 's go to the bone marrow to figure out how this process works , and we 're going to the bone marrow because that 's where b cells come from . it 's where they get their unique antibody , your b ... | i 'm not sure i understand how we get rid of the pathogens in our bone marrow ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | by the way we 're talking about b cells here . b cells . everything we 're saying is equally applicable to t cells . | i understand that we may have already made other b-cells that would kill this pathogen ; but , they are now located outside the bone marrow in our lymph nodes , correct ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | the processes we 're gon na talk about are equally true , maybe even in some cases more so true for t cells and b cells . let 's go to the bone marrow to figure out how this process works , and we 're going to the bone marrow because that 's where b cells come from . it 's where they get their unique antibody , your b ... | do the pathogens in our bone marrow just randomly migrate out of our bone marrow to other places in our body ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | now this b cell receptor is what 's gon na bind to foreign , pieces of foreign bacteria or viruses and these antibodies are gon na bind to those things and help your body get rid of them . the important thing to remember about b cells is that these antibodies or these b cell receptors are coded in the dna of the b cell... | or once the b cell escapes , is it only a matter of misfortune before it 's activated ? |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | it 's called autoimmune because you 're immune to yourself . your immune system basically starts attacking your own body and some pretty terrible disease can result . to kind of bring it to life where i 'd like to tell you about one example of this . | is it my naivety & /or lack of complete/complex understanding or it 's too simple for someone with several years of training to consider ... let 's take celiacs disease , life threatening allergy to gluten ( really any allergen ) ... could n't you over time eliminate the allergic reaction by stimulating the body to res... |
: the purpose of the immune system is to fight things . to fight bacteria and viruses and other things that you do n't want in your body . that 's what it does . the question we can ask is how does the immune system know not to attack your own body , and that might seem like a strange question or an obvious question b... | by the way we 're talking about b cells here . b cells . everything we 're saying is equally applicable to t cells . | what t-cells are responsible for attacking the cells that have been `` tagged '' by the plasma cells ? |
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