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you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
we know that if you have the hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution they do n't just hang out by themselves . they get grabbed by a water molecule and they form hydronium . so , it 's much more , i guess , it 's much more close to the actual of what 's happening , is if you actually talk about hydronium forming .
the hydronium ion h3o+ forms in acids , is there also an h4o++ ion that can form ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
but the one that we 're going to focus on is the bronsted-lowry definition . the bronsted-lowry definition of acids and bases . and this is a picture of bronsted .
can acids be considered as reducing agents , and bases as oxidizing agents ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so , we 're going to do the bronsted-lowry , bronsted-lowry definition , definition of acids and bases . so , according to them , according to them , an acid , an acid is a proton , proton , or instead of writing proton we could actually write hydrogen ion donor . so why is a proton and a hydrogen ion the same thing ?
probably a silly question : is proton /h+ donor usually used to refer to the same thing because the only way for a proton to be shared is through hydrogen , after it lost it 's only electron ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
and so , what is the acid and what is the base here ? well , when we look at the reaction this way , we see that this is the acid , the hydrochloric acid , it 's literally called hydrochloric acid . and here , water is acting as a base .
so what would we see while the process of hydrochloric acid in water is happening ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so , we 're going to do the bronsted-lowry , bronsted-lowry definition , definition of acids and bases . so , according to them , according to them , an acid , an acid is a proton , proton , or instead of writing proton we could actually write hydrogen ion donor . so why is a proton and a hydrogen ion the same thing ? ...
i understand why water is likely to take up a proton ( or hydrogen ion ) from hcl , but why is it rare for hcl to take a proton/hydrogen ion from water ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
that just means it 's in a solution of water . so you could write like this , you could write hey , hydrochloric acid in an aqueous solution if you want to make it a little bit more explicit . you could say hey , look , this is going to be around some water molecules in its liquid form .
could hcl theoretically become h2cl + , or something of the sort ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
having a covalent bond with chlorine . with chlorine , with chlorine right over there . and if we want to , let 's draw actually chlorine 's lone pairs .
why does the electrons between the hydrogen and chlorine atoms in hcl , goes towards chlorine , and the hydrogen proton goes towards the water molecules under dissociation ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so , this is a water molecule . whoops , water molecule . right over here .
how did sal know how many electron pairs to put around the water molecule 4 ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
the chloride anion . conjugate , conjugate base of hydrochloric acid . and this right over here is the conjugate acid because you could imagine this hydronium ion , this could , under the right circumstances , donate protons to other things .
so does the cl conjugate base hang out by itself then ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
it also grabbed those two electrons right over there , so it gained an extra electron . it now has a negative charge . it is now the chloride anion .
cl has a negative charge so would n't the partially positive h of h2o be attracted to cl ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
and so this is actually the conjugate acid of h2o . conjugate acid of water , of a water molecule . and as we 'll see , water can act as an acid or a base . but this this gives you a kind of a baseline of at least the bronsted-lowry definition of acids and bases .
sal says that water can act either as an acid or base , how ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
the chloride anion . conjugate , conjugate base of hydrochloric acid . and this right over here is the conjugate acid because you could imagine this hydronium ion , this could , under the right circumstances , donate protons to other things .
why is the word conjugate used and how does it differ from a regular base or from a regular acid ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
the chloride anion . conjugate , conjugate base of hydrochloric acid . and this right over here is the conjugate acid because you could imagine this hydronium ion , this could , under the right circumstances , donate protons to other things .
can a conjugate base be considered an acid since both donate protons/h+ ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
the chloride anion . conjugate , conjugate base of hydrochloric acid . and this right over here is the conjugate acid because you could imagine this hydronium ion , this could , under the right circumstances , donate protons to other things .
and can a conjugate acid be considered a base since both receive protons/h+ ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so , this is a water molecule . whoops , water molecule . right over here .
sal mentions that placing hcl into water causes it to `` want to donate an h+ , '' my question is , what is it that causes this reaction to proceed at all ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
aqueous solution just means it 's dissolved in liquid water . so , some water molecules in their liquid form . so , this is a water molecule .
why do the hcl and h2o molecules not just float past one another ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
conjugate , conjugate base of hydrochloric acid . and this right over here is the conjugate acid because you could imagine this hydronium ion , this could , under the right circumstances , donate protons to other things . donate a hydrogen without donating electron to other things . and so this is actually the conjugat...
why does n't naoh donate its h ion ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
but the one that we 're going to focus on is the bronsted-lowry definition . the bronsted-lowry definition of acids and bases . and this is a picture of bronsted .
how is arrhenius 's definition of bases the same as bronsted-lowry 's definition of bases ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
and they 'll just draw the reaction going like this , where they say hey , you 're gon na be left with , you 're gon na be left with some hydrogen ions , these protons . and you 're going to be left with , and actually we could say it 's gon na be in a aqueous solution , aqueous solution . and you 're gon na be left wi...
as in how does being the acceptor of a proton equal to giving oh to the aqueous solution ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
but the one that we 're going to focus on is the bronsted-lowry definition . the bronsted-lowry definition of acids and bases . and this is a picture of bronsted .
so i guess my question is , how can acids and bases work if the rely on giving/taking protons ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
and they came up with this acid-base definition in the 1920s . so , we 're going to do the bronsted-lowry , bronsted-lowry definition , definition of acids and bases . so , according to them , according to them , an acid , an acid is a proton , proton , or instead of writing proton we could actually write hydrogen ion ...
how strong base like ca ( oh ) 2 , naoh in water described according to bronsted-lowry definition ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so , this is a water molecule . whoops , water molecule . right over here .
why does the hydrogen bond with the water even though the water already has its valence shell filled ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so , it 's a hydrogen having a , having a covalent bond . having a covalent bond with chlorine . with chlorine , with chlorine right over there .
could that bond be an ionic bond since the hydrogen is a cation while the oxygen is partially negative ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so , this is a water molecule . whoops , water molecule . right over here .
so , when hcl ( hydrochloric acid ) is dissolved in a water solution , the water molecule gets a positive charge ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so , this is a water molecule . whoops , water molecule . right over here .
if hcl is covalently bonded , how can it be dissociated by water ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid .
isint hcl an ionic compound ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so , that 's what an acid is . so what would a base be ? well , you could imagine by this definition a base , a base would be a proton , would be a proton , or you could say a hydrogen ion acceptor , acceptor .
if water acts as a base , would n't there be formation of a salt due to neutralization ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so , we 're going to do the bronsted-lowry , bronsted-lowry definition , definition of acids and bases . so , according to them , according to them , an acid , an acid is a proton , proton , or instead of writing proton we could actually write hydrogen ion donor . so why is a proton and a hydrogen ion the same thing ?
does hydronium ever accept an additional proton ( forming h4o++ ) ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so , if you 're getting rid of it 's electron , so , if you 're getting rid of this , all you 're going to be left with is a proton . so that 's why a proton , an h plus , is usually referring to the exact same , is referring to the exact same thing . so , that 's what an acid is .
a second question is , can we use h3o+ and h+ interchangeably ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
and if it 's neutral , you would have an electron buzzing around , jumping around in its orbital . so , you would have it 's electron jumping around in its orbital . but if you were to ionize it , you 're getting rid of its electron .
would you ever define an acid as a electron accepter and a base a electron donor ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so , this is a water molecule . whoops , water molecule . right over here .
what happens if these reactions take place with no water or hydrogen atoms present ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so , it 's much more , i guess , it 's much more close to the actual of what 's happening , is if you actually talk about hydronium forming . as opposed to just the protons . 'cause these protons in an aqueous solution , in a water solution , they 're gon na be grabbed by a water molecule to form hydronium . and that '...
could protons in water also from ions like h5o2+ or h9o4+ or is there something that limits protons to only forming hydronium ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
donate a hydrogen without donating electron to other things . and so this is actually the conjugate acid of h2o . conjugate acid of water , of a water molecule .
al^+3 + 6 ( h2o ) - > [ al ( h20 ) 6 ] ^+3 cu^+2 + 4 ( nh3 ) - > [ cu ( nh3 ) 4 ] ^+2 how is that possible ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so , it 's a hydrogen having a , having a covalent bond . having a covalent bond with chlorine . with chlorine , with chlorine right over there .
why would hydrogen want to bond to h2o after being disassociated from chlorine ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so , we 're going to do the bronsted-lowry , bronsted-lowry definition , definition of acids and bases . so , according to them , according to them , an acid , an acid is a proton , proton , or instead of writing proton we could actually write hydrogen ion donor . so why is a proton and a hydrogen ion the same thing ?
in the aqueous solution of hydrcloric acid , why does the hydrogen proton usually go to the oxygen ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
the chloride anion . conjugate , conjugate base of hydrochloric acid . and this right over here is the conjugate acid because you could imagine this hydronium ion , this could , under the right circumstances , donate protons to other things .
base/acid at about how can you tell which is which if you do n't have the fancy colors to help make a distinction between the 2 ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so , this is a water molecule . whoops , water molecule . right over here .
does n't cl- act with water ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so , that 's what an acid is . so what would a base be ? well , you could imagine by this definition a base , a base would be a proton , would be a proton , or you could say a hydrogen ion acceptor , acceptor .
what happens when metal reacts with base ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
the chloride anion . conjugate , conjugate base of hydrochloric acid . and this right over here is the conjugate acid because you could imagine this hydronium ion , this could , under the right circumstances , donate protons to other things .
why did sal wrote conjugate base of `` hcl '' ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
and so this is actually the conjugate acid of h2o . conjugate acid of water , of a water molecule . and as we 'll see , water can act as an acid or a base .
why hcl and conjugate acid of `` water '' why why why why ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
having a covalent bond with chlorine . with chlorine , with chlorine right over there . and if we want to , let 's draw actually chlorine 's lone pairs .
how can chlorine accept an electron ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
and they came up with this acid-base definition in the 1920s . so , we 're going to do the bronsted-lowry , bronsted-lowry definition , definition of acids and bases . so , according to them , according to them , an acid , an acid is a proton , proton , or instead of writing proton we could actually write hydrogen ion ...
what 's the difference between bronsted-lowry theory and lewis theory ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so , this is a water molecule . whoops , water molecule . right over here .
how do you know if a molecule wants to get rid of the hydrogen atom ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
and this is a picture of bronsted . this is a picture of lowry . and they came up with this acid-base definition in the 1920s . so , we 're going to do the bronsted-lowry , bronsted-lowry definition , definition of acids and bases . so , according to them , according to them , an acid , an acid is a proton , proton , o...
why ca n't oh- act as both a bronsted-lowry acid and base ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
and so this is actually the conjugate acid of h2o . conjugate acid of water , of a water molecule . and as we 'll see , water can act as an acid or a base . but this this gives you a kind of a baseline of at least the bronsted-lowry definition of acids and bases .
how we can understand the mechanism for water with acid , i mean on what depend when water act as acid not as base when i make a reaction water with acid ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
you have this hydrogen right over there . and this lone pair , this lone pair you can view it as now forming this covalent bond . you had your other two covalent bonds to the other two hydrogens .
what is a lone pair ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
and they came up with this acid-base definition in the 1920s . so , we 're going to do the bronsted-lowry , bronsted-lowry definition , definition of acids and bases . so , according to them , according to them , an acid , an acid is a proton , proton , or instead of writing proton we could actually write hydrogen ion ...
so if a compound has a lone pair of electrons , can it behave as a bronsted lowry base because it can accept a proton ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
but the one that we 're going to focus on is the bronsted-lowry definition . the bronsted-lowry definition of acids and bases . and this is a picture of bronsted .
how did they come up with the scale for acids ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
the chloride anion . conjugate , conjugate base of hydrochloric acid . and this right over here is the conjugate acid because you could imagine this hydronium ion , this could , under the right circumstances , donate protons to other things . donate a hydrogen without donating electron to other things .
in the example in the video , the hydronium ion is considered as the conjugate acid ... ..that is hydrogen ion has been added to h2o ... but we know that water is not a base right ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so , this is the conjugate base of hydrochloric acid . the chloride anion . conjugate , conjugate base of hydrochloric acid .
so will chloride ion and hydronium form ionic bound ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
and so this is actually the conjugate acid of h2o . conjugate acid of water , of a water molecule . and as we 'll see , water can act as an acid or a base . but this this gives you a kind of a baseline of at least the bronsted-lowry definition of acids and bases .
can acid or base dissociate in any solution other than water ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
and they came up with this acid-base definition in the 1920s . so , we 're going to do the bronsted-lowry , bronsted-lowry definition , definition of acids and bases . so , according to them , according to them , an acid , an acid is a proton , proton , or instead of writing proton we could actually write hydrogen ion ...
but what is the difference of arrhenius and bronsted-lowry definition of acid and bases ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
conjugate acid of water , of a water molecule . and as we 'll see , water can act as an acid or a base . but this this gives you a kind of a baseline of at least the bronsted-lowry definition of acids and bases .
we know that some metal oxide can act as a base as well as acid.can a non metal oxide act as a acid as well as base ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so what would a base be ? well , you could imagine by this definition a base , a base would be a proton , would be a proton , or you could say a hydrogen ion acceptor , acceptor . so let 's make this a little bit more tangible with some examples .
what is the moleclue or ion called when the base accepts a proton ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so , we 're going to do the bronsted-lowry , bronsted-lowry definition , definition of acids and bases . so , according to them , according to them , an acid , an acid is a proton , proton , or instead of writing proton we could actually write hydrogen ion donor . so why is a proton and a hydrogen ion the same thing ?
what is the strongest acid base , one that wants to accept a proton the most ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
and so , what is the acid and what is the base here ? well , when we look at the reaction this way , we see that this is the acid , the hydrochloric acid , it 's literally called hydrochloric acid . and here , water is acting as a base .
why does the hydrochloric acid want to give away the hydrogen ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
the chloride anion . conjugate , conjugate base of hydrochloric acid . and this right over here is the conjugate acid because you could imagine this hydronium ion , this could , under the right circumstances , donate protons to other things .
is there only one conjugate base/acid to each acid/base respectively ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
and what just happened ? well , this water molecule just gained a proton . this hydrogen did not come with an electron .
sal said that the oxygen gained a proton , so should n't it be flourine now ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so , that 's what an acid is . so what would a base be ? well , you could imagine by this definition a base , a base would be a proton , would be a proton , or you could say a hydrogen ion acceptor , acceptor .
if so what exactly wold a base/alkali be ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
and they came up with this acid-base definition in the 1920s . so , we 're going to do the bronsted-lowry , bronsted-lowry definition , definition of acids and bases . so , according to them , according to them , an acid , an acid is a proton , proton , or instead of writing proton we could actually write hydrogen ion ...
comparing the arrhenius definition with the bronsted-lowry definition , is one definition strictly more general than another ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
and so , what is the acid and what is the base here ? well , when we look at the reaction this way , we see that this is the acid , the hydrochloric acid , it 's literally called hydrochloric acid . and here , water is acting as a base .
that is , would it be accurate to say , for example , that every bronsted-lowry acid is also an arrhenius acid but not every arrhenius acid is a bronsted-lowry acid , or vice versa ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so , this is a water molecule . whoops , water molecule . right over here .
when an hcl is dissolved in water , why does the hcl atom split into h+ and cl- ions and why does the h+ ion combine with water making it unstable ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
and so this is actually the conjugate acid of h2o . conjugate acid of water , of a water molecule . and as we 'll see , water can act as an acid or a base . but this this gives you a kind of a baseline of at least the bronsted-lowry definition of acids and bases .
sir , how can water act as an acid or a base ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
but the one that we 're going to focus on is the bronsted-lowry definition . the bronsted-lowry definition of acids and bases . and this is a picture of bronsted .
so there are actually two types of acids and bases ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
the chloride anion . conjugate , conjugate base of hydrochloric acid . and this right over here is the conjugate acid because you could imagine this hydronium ion , this could , under the right circumstances , donate protons to other things .
is there a way to determine if a molecule is an acid/base just by looking at it ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
and so , what is the acid and what is the base here ? well , when we look at the reaction this way , we see that this is the acid , the hydrochloric acid , it 's literally called hydrochloric acid . and here , water is acting as a base .
what makes an acid release h+ ions ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
this is a picture of lowry . and they came up with this acid-base definition in the 1920s . so , we 're going to do the bronsted-lowry , bronsted-lowry definition , definition of acids and bases .
are there any other types of protons that can fit this definition and be defined as acid base reactions ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
the chloride anion . conjugate , conjugate base of hydrochloric acid . and this right over here is the conjugate acid because you could imagine this hydronium ion , this could , under the right circumstances , donate protons to other things .
can conjugate acid only be formed when a `` base '' gains an h+ ion ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
the chloride anion . conjugate , conjugate base of hydrochloric acid . and this right over here is the conjugate acid because you could imagine this hydronium ion , this could , under the right circumstances , donate protons to other things .
can conjugate base only be formed when an `` acid '' loses an h+ ion ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so , this is a water molecule . whoops , water molecule . right over here .
why does the hcl molecule donate the h+ ion to the water molecule and become more unstable ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
and this right over here is the conjugate acid because you could imagine this hydronium ion , this could , under the right circumstances , donate protons to other things . donate a hydrogen without donating electron to other things . and so this is actually the conjugate acid of h2o .
how can the negatively charged , hydrogen-less phosphate 'donate ' a proton ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
the chloride anion . conjugate , conjugate base of hydrochloric acid . and this right over here is the conjugate acid because you could imagine this hydronium ion , this could , under the right circumstances , donate protons to other things .
what is a conjugate base ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
so you have your hydrochloric acid , and i wo n't draw the details this time , in an aqueous solution . so it 's in a solution of water . and they 'll just draw the reaction going like this , where they say hey , you 're gon na be left with , you 're gon na be left with some hydrogen ions , these protons .
what is an aquies solution ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
but the one that we 're going to focus on is the bronsted-lowry definition . the bronsted-lowry definition of acids and bases . and this is a picture of bronsted .
are acids and bases do n't exist without water ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
this is a picture of lowry . and they came up with this acid-base definition in the 1920s . so , we 're going to do the bronsted-lowry , bronsted-lowry definition , definition of acids and bases . so , according to them , according to them , an acid , an acid is a proton , proton , or instead of writing proton we could...
definition of lowry bronsted acid base thorey ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
you could say hey , look , this is going to be around some water molecules in its liquid form . aqueous solution just means it 's dissolved in liquid water . so , some water molecules in their liquid form . so , this is a water molecule .
would n't the chlorine cation be attracted towards and form hydrogen bonds with the partially positive ends of other water molecules , when in an aqueous solution ?
you 've probably heard the term acid used in your everyday life . but what we want to do in this video is get a more formal definition of an acid . and particular , we 'll focus on the one that is most typically used . although we 'll see future videos that there 's other fairly common definitions of acids used as wel...
and so this is actually the conjugate acid of h2o . conjugate acid of water , of a water molecule . and as we 'll see , water can act as an acid or a base . but this this gives you a kind of a baseline of at least the bronsted-lowry definition of acids and bases .
sir , why does water acts both as a base and acid ?
in the last video , i introduced you to the notion of -- well , really we started with the random variable . and then we moved on to the two types of random variables . you had discrete , that took on a finite number of values . and the these , i was going to say that they tend to be integers , but they do n't always h...
and you can watch the calculus videos if you want to learn a little bit more about how to do them . and this also applies to the discrete probability distributions . let me draw one .
extending from discrete variables , their probability was not the area under the graph but rather just the corresponding value on the y-axis , why should it be any different here ?
in the last video , i introduced you to the notion of -- well , really we started with the random variable . and then we moved on to the two types of random variables . you had discrete , that took on a finite number of values . and the these , i was going to say that they tend to be integers , but they do n't always h...
it would be all of this kind of stuff . you could also say what 's the probability we have less than 0.1 of rain ? then you would go here and if this was 0.1 , you would calculate this area . and you could say what 's the probability that we have more than 4 inches of rain tomorrow ?
i can intuitively see why any 1 value would have the probability of 0 , but even then , where does the area under the graph come in ?
in the last video , i introduced you to the notion of -- well , really we started with the random variable . and then we moved on to the two types of random variables . you had discrete , that took on a finite number of values . and the these , i was going to say that they tend to be integers , but they do n't always h...
and hopefully that 's not an infinite number , right ? then your probability wo n't make any sense . but hopefully if you take this sum it comes to some number .
what is the probability that it does n't rain ?
in the last video , i introduced you to the notion of -- well , really we started with the random variable . and then we moved on to the two types of random variables . you had discrete , that took on a finite number of values . and the these , i was going to say that they tend to be integers , but they do n't always h...
but we 're saying no , this does not count . it ca n't be 2 inches . we want exactly 2 .
the probability of 2 inches of rain ca n't be zero , can it ?
in the last video , i introduced you to the notion of -- well , really we started with the random variable . and then we moved on to the two types of random variables . you had discrete , that took on a finite number of values . and the these , i was going to say that they tend to be integers , but they do n't always h...
we 've been having a drought , so that 's a good thing . but the exact amount of rain tomorrow . and let 's say i do n't know what the actual probability distribution function for this is , but i 'll draw one and then we 'll interpret it .
it feels a bit off the beat asking a question i am going to ask here , but why does he keeps saying that it is n't possible to measure the exact amount of rain ... does 'not being able to measure anything exactly ' have anything to do with something like the heisenberg 's uncertainly principle.. ?
in the last video , i introduced you to the notion of -- well , really we started with the random variable . and then we moved on to the two types of random variables . you had discrete , that took on a finite number of values . and the these , i was going to say that they tend to be integers , but they do n't always h...
all the events combined -- there 's a probability of 1 that one of these events will occur . so essentially , the whole area under this curve has to be equal to 1 . so if we took the integral of f of x from 0 to infinity , this thing , at least as i 've drawn it , dx should be equal to 1 .
does sal explain the area under the curve and explain the fact that its equal to 1 in any of his videos ?
in the last video , i introduced you to the notion of -- well , really we started with the random variable . and then we moved on to the two types of random variables . you had discrete , that took on a finite number of values . and the these , i was going to say that they tend to be integers , but they do n't always h...
and before we even think about how we would interpret it visually , let 's just think about it logically . what is the probability that tomorrow we have exactly 2 inches of rain ? not 2.01 inches of rain , not 1.99 inches of rain .
so what exactly does the values along the y-axis mean if the area represents the probability ?
in the last video , i introduced you to the notion of -- well , really we started with the random variable . and then we moved on to the two types of random variables . you had discrete , that took on a finite number of values . and the these , i was going to say that they tend to be integers , but they do n't always h...
just so you can kind of think about how you can think about continuous random variables . so let me draw a probability distribution , or they call it its probability density function . and we draw like this .
also , what is the difference between a probability distribution function and a probability density function ?
in the last video , i introduced you to the notion of -- well , really we started with the random variable . and then we moved on to the two types of random variables . you had discrete , that took on a finite number of values . and the these , i was going to say that they tend to be integers , but they do n't always h...
just so you can kind of think about how you can think about continuous random variables . so let me draw a probability distribution , or they call it its probability density function . and we draw like this .
what is distribution and what is a density function in this example ?
in the last video , i introduced you to the notion of -- well , really we started with the random variable . and then we moved on to the two types of random variables . you had discrete , that took on a finite number of values . and the these , i was going to say that they tend to be integers , but they do n't always h...
and it should make intuitive sense . that the probability of a very super-exact thing happening is pretty much 0 . that you really have to say , ok what 's the probably that we 'll get close to 2 ?
why is the probability of getting an exact value 0 ?
in the last video , i introduced you to the notion of -- well , really we started with the random variable . and then we moved on to the two types of random variables . you had discrete , that took on a finite number of values . and the these , i was going to say that they tend to be integers , but they do n't always h...
just so you can kind of think about how you can think about continuous random variables . so let me draw a probability distribution , or they call it its probability density function . and we draw like this .
so what does the probability density function itself measures ?
in the last video , i introduced you to the notion of -- well , really we started with the random variable . and then we moved on to the two types of random variables . you had discrete , that took on a finite number of values . and the these , i was going to say that they tend to be integers , but they do n't always h...
just so you can kind of think about how you can think about continuous random variables . so let me draw a probability distribution , or they call it its probability density function . and we draw like this .
what exactly does the y-axis of this function represents if it is not the probability ?
in the last video , i introduced you to the notion of -- well , really we started with the random variable . and then we moved on to the two types of random variables . you had discrete , that took on a finite number of values . and the these , i was going to say that they tend to be integers , but they do n't always h...
so 0.5 plus 0.5 . and in this case the area under the probability density function also has to be equal to 1 . anyway , i 'm all the time for now .
i am clear that the area under a probability density function must be 1 , but can the value on the y-axis be higher than 1 ?
in the last video , i introduced you to the notion of -- well , really we started with the random variable . and then we moved on to the two types of random variables . you had discrete , that took on a finite number of values . and the these , i was going to say that they tend to be integers , but they do n't always h...
it would be all of this kind of stuff . you could also say what 's the probability we have less than 0.1 of rain ? then you would go here and if this was 0.1 , you would calculate this area .
when you say the area under the curve=1 , essentially you saying that the probability that it will rain 0 '' or more is 1 ?
in the last video , i introduced you to the notion of -- well , really we started with the random variable . and then we moved on to the two types of random variables . you had discrete , that took on a finite number of values . and the these , i was going to say that they tend to be integers , but they do n't always h...
so it 's important to realize that a probability distribution function , in this case for a discrete random variable , they all have to add up to 1 . so 0.5 plus 0.5 . and in this case the area under the probability density function also has to be equal to 1 .
if so , p ( x=0 ) refers to { no rain } and p ( x > 0 ) { refers to rain } so p ( x=0 ) +p ( x > 0 ) = 1 will p ( x=0 ) have a definite value ?
in the last video , i introduced you to the notion of -- well , really we started with the random variable . and then we moved on to the two types of random variables . you had discrete , that took on a finite number of values . and the these , i was going to say that they tend to be integers , but they do n't always h...
so it 's important to realize that a probability distribution function , in this case for a discrete random variable , they all have to add up to 1 . so 0.5 plus 0.5 . and in this case the area under the probability density function also has to be equal to 1 .
or will it also be 0 as p ( x=2 ) ?
in the last video , i introduced you to the notion of -- well , really we started with the random variable . and then we moved on to the two types of random variables . you had discrete , that took on a finite number of values . and the these , i was going to say that they tend to be integers , but they do n't always h...
but we 're saying no , this does not count . it ca n't be 2 inches . we want exactly 2 .
the probability of 2 inches of rain ca n't be zero , can it ?
in the last video , i introduced you to the notion of -- well , really we started with the random variable . and then we moved on to the two types of random variables . you had discrete , that took on a finite number of values . and the these , i was going to say that they tend to be integers , but they do n't always h...
just so you can kind of think about how you can think about continuous random variables . so let me draw a probability distribution , or they call it its probability density function . and we draw like this .
can anyone please describe in detail what a density function is and how it differs from a distribution function ?
in the last video , i introduced you to the notion of -- well , really we started with the random variable . and then we moved on to the two types of random variables . you had discrete , that took on a finite number of values . and the these , i was going to say that they tend to be integers , but they do n't always h...
now we have an interval here . so we want all y 's between 1.9 and 2.1 . so we are now talking about this whole area .
i am quite confuse if there 's no exact 2 of amount of rain is it that possible to calculate the amount between 1.9 to 2.1 ?
in the last video , i introduced you to the notion of -- well , really we started with the random variable . and then we moved on to the two types of random variables . you had discrete , that took on a finite number of values . and the these , i was going to say that they tend to be integers , but they do n't always h...
just so you can kind of think about how you can think about continuous random variables . so let me draw a probability distribution , or they call it its probability density function . and we draw like this .
should the sum of the probability distribution function really always add up to 1 ?
in the last video , i introduced you to the notion of -- well , really we started with the random variable . and then we moved on to the two types of random variables . you had discrete , that took on a finite number of values . and the these , i was going to say that they tend to be integers , but they do n't always h...
and hopefully that 's not an infinite number , right ? then your probability wo n't make any sense . but hopefully if you take this sum it comes to some number .
is n't there an additional ( usually very low ) probability of there being no observable result ?
in the last video , i introduced you to the notion of -- well , really we started with the random variable . and then we moved on to the two types of random variables . you had discrete , that took on a finite number of values . and the these , i was going to say that they tend to be integers , but they do n't always h...
so it 's a very important thing to realize . because when a random variable can take on an infinite number of values , or it can take on any value between an interval , to get an exact value , to get exactly 1.999 , the probability is actually 0 . it 's like asking you what is the area under a curve on just this line .
what is the probability that the random variable has a value greater than 1 ?
in the last video , i introduced you to the notion of -- well , really we started with the random variable . and then we moved on to the two types of random variables . you had discrete , that took on a finite number of values . and the these , i was going to say that they tend to be integers , but they do n't always h...
and you can watch the calculus videos if you want to learn a little bit more about how to do them . and this also applies to the discrete probability distributions . let me draw one .
so are we saying that we use probability distributions for discrete random variables and probability density functions for continuous random variables ?