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: let 's revisit the scenario where everyone is trying to exit country b 's currency and convert it back into country a . we saw in the last video that if , just left to its own devices , if this were to happen , if lot of bs wanted to converted into currency a and because everyone is afraid to convert into b now beca... | : let 's revisit the scenario where everyone is trying to exit country b 's currency and convert it back into country a . we saw in the last video that if , just left to its own devices , if this were to happen , if lot of bs wanted to converted into currency a and because everyone is afraid to convert into b now beca... | can inflation be checked to certain level by fixing commodity prices in te country ? |
: let 's revisit the scenario where everyone is trying to exit country b 's currency and convert it back into country a . we saw in the last video that if , just left to its own devices , if this were to happen , if lot of bs wanted to converted into currency a and because everyone is afraid to convert into b now beca... | so they have a finite amount of this . they could eventually run out . what is often the case is , currency speculators see this and they begin to smell blood . | as iran 's rial is falling , could the u.s. and its allies perform such an attack to completely destabilize iran ? |
: let 's revisit the scenario where everyone is trying to exit country b 's currency and convert it back into country a . we saw in the last video that if , just left to its own devices , if this were to happen , if lot of bs wanted to converted into currency a and because everyone is afraid to convert into b now beca... | it would devalue if it was left to its own devices , but the central bank of country b is trying to keep it from devaluing by depleting its finite reserves of currency a . so what currency speculators will start to do is , well i can go into country b and i can borrow b 's . so i could literally go to a bank in country... | if you want to speculate and want to borrow b 's how can this be done in practise ? |
: let 's revisit the scenario where everyone is trying to exit country b 's currency and convert it back into country a . we saw in the last video that if , just left to its own devices , if this were to happen , if lot of bs wanted to converted into currency a and because everyone is afraid to convert into b now beca... | and the other scenario is that the central bank runs out of reserves , and they have to essentially just let the currencies float , and b gets devalued . so central bank out of reserves , which would mean that the currencies would float and b would devalue . well if this first scenario happens , and it 's happens , and... | how would counterfeiting affect all this ? |
remember that when you run a tlc plating lab you have twp phases , the stationary phase shown as this blue silica gel on the plate and a mobile phase . the mobile space is a solvent that 's less polar than the solid stationary phase . silica gel is very , very polar . let 's say that you had a plate that looked somethi... | so what can we tell about these two compounds ? if we remember from talking about the mobile phase and stationary phase , compounds that travel really far must be more attracted to the mobile phase , and therefore are less polar . so we can say that compound b is less polar and travels faster . | is it possible for one of the spots to travel `` faster '' than the mobile phase ? |
remember that when you run a tlc plating lab you have twp phases , the stationary phase shown as this blue silica gel on the plate and a mobile phase . the mobile space is a solvent that 's less polar than the solid stationary phase . silica gel is very , very polar . let 's say that you had a plate that looked somethi... | let 's review quickly what we 've learned today . we learned how to calculate the rf value , also known as the retention factor or retardation factor , and how you would report that when presenting in a lab report or in the literature . we showed that compounds with big rfs are less polar , and compounds with pretty sm... | how does size affect the retention ( or retardation ) factor of an amino acid when testing amino acids on a chromatography paper ? |
remember that when you run a tlc plating lab you have twp phases , the stationary phase shown as this blue silica gel on the plate and a mobile phase . the mobile space is a solvent that 's less polar than the solid stationary phase . silica gel is very , very polar . let 's say that you had a plate that looked somethi... | but what does that really mean ? how can we even report these values ? the way we 'd report them if we were writing up a lab report or writing a manuscript , you 'd need something known as the retardation factor , also known as the retention factor or rf for short . | so as the concentrations of the drugs lower , do their rf values decrease as well , or will they be the same value ? |
remember that when you run a tlc plating lab you have twp phases , the stationary phase shown as this blue silica gel on the plate and a mobile phase . the mobile space is a solvent that 's less polar than the solid stationary phase . silica gel is very , very polar . let 's say that you had a plate that looked somethi... | let 's review quickly what we 've learned today . we learned how to calculate the rf value , also known as the retention factor or retardation factor , and how you would report that when presenting in a lab report or in the literature . we showed that compounds with big rfs are less polar , and compounds with pretty sm... | how would i calculate an retention factor ( rf ) value of a point located along the origin ? |
remember that when you run a tlc plating lab you have twp phases , the stationary phase shown as this blue silica gel on the plate and a mobile phase . the mobile space is a solvent that 's less polar than the solid stationary phase . silica gel is very , very polar . let 's say that you had a plate that looked somethi... | so the first step is to take a ruler and put it next your tlc plate . this is 1 unit , 2 units , 3 , 4 , 5 , and 6 . so let 's calculate the rf of a . | for example , using the example points given would the value of a point located on the origin be recognized as 4/4 for a total value of 1 or 0/4 for a total value of 0 ? |
remember that when you run a tlc plating lab you have twp phases , the stationary phase shown as this blue silica gel on the plate and a mobile phase . the mobile space is a solvent that 's less polar than the solid stationary phase . silica gel is very , very polar . let 's say that you had a plate that looked somethi... | we learned how to calculate the rf value , also known as the retention factor or retardation factor , and how you would report that when presenting in a lab report or in the literature . we showed that compounds with big rfs are less polar , and compounds with pretty small rfs are more polar . | is less polar polar materials attracted to non-polar ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | we know that zinc is being oxidized , right ? zinc is losing 2 electrons , and those two electrons that zinc loses are the same two electrons that caused the reduction of copper . zinc is the agent for the reduction of copper . | do en and elektrodepotential donote the same thing basically , describing to what extent an atom can attract electrons ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | therefore , this is even more likely to be an oxidation half-reaction . lithium is a stronger reducing agent than zinc . | lithium despite having highest ionisation potential how it behaves as a strong reducing agent ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | this is our reduction half-reaction where we have copper 2+ ions gaining two electrons to turn into solid copper . the standard reduction potential is +.34 volts . this is equal to +.34 volts . | how is it that 2h+ has a higher reduction potential than zn++ but a lower reduction potential than cu++ ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | that gave us our overall reaction . to find our standard cell potential , we just need to add together our reduction potential for the half-reaction and the oxidation potential for the oxidation half-reaction . to find the potential for the cell , we add the reduction potential and the oxidation potential . | if e0 is calculated as e cathode - e anode , then why is e0 calculated as e reduction + e oxidation ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | this is our reduction half-reaction where we have copper 2+ ions gaining two electrons to turn into solid copper . the standard reduction potential is +.34 volts . this is equal to +.34 volts . | how come li has more reduction potential than na or k ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | we know that zinc is being oxidized , right ? zinc is losing 2 electrons , and those two electrons that zinc loses are the same two electrons that caused the reduction of copper . zinc is the agent for the reduction of copper . | is n't the valence electron in li more strongly attracted to the nucleus ( due to the shorter distance ) than the valence electrons in na and k ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | to find our standard cell potential , we just need to add together our reduction potential for the half-reaction and the oxidation potential for the oxidation half-reaction . to find the potential for the cell , we add the reduction potential and the oxidation potential . we get when we do that , we 're gon na get +.34... | k is after all more reactive than li , does n't that imply a greater reducing potential ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | therefore , you have an increasing strength as a reducing agent . zinc , right , is a stronger reducing agent than copper because , again , looking at the reduction potentials , you know that it 's more likely to be oxidized . going down on your reduction potentials , increased tendency to be oxidized , therefore , inc... | how are electrode potentials used in practical chemistry ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | these two half-reactions right here . let 's compare copper 2+ ions to zinc 2+ ions , right ? copper 2+ we know is more easily reduced , right ? | how would you compare zn 2+ and cu ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . | how is the standard reduction ( half-reactions ) calculated ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | we know that this must be the reduction half-reaction . if we 're talking about a redox reaction involving copper and zinc , this must be our reduction half-reaction . let 's go ahead and write that . | is it possible for zinc and lithium to be in a redox reaction ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | therefore , this is even more likely to be an oxidation half-reaction . lithium is a stronger reducing agent than zinc . | if so would the zinc ion reduce and the lithium oxidise as the reduction potential of -0.76v ( zinc ) is more positive than -3.05v ( lithium ) ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | to find our standard cell potential , we just need to add together our reduction potential for the half-reaction and the oxidation potential for the oxidation half-reaction . to find the potential for the cell , we add the reduction potential and the oxidation potential . we get when we do that , we 're gon na get +.34... | what is the difference between emf and potential difference ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | how do we find the potential for the entire cell ? to find the overall reaction , we add together our reduction half-reaction and our oxidation half-reaction . that gave us our overall reaction . | why do you pick the zn half reaction to be the oxidation half-reaction ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | since we reversed our half-reaction , we just need to change the sign . the oxidation potential must be +.76 . all we need to do is reverse the sign to get our standard oxidation potential , so we get +.76 . | hi , i 'm a bit confused as to why the -0.76 electrode potential for the zinc reaction changes to 0.76 when it becomes an oxidation reaction ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | as you move up on your standard reduction potential , increased strength as an oxidizing agent . copper 2+ is a stronger oxidizing agent than zinc 2+ . all right , let 's think about the opposite . | +0.2 and +0.3 ) the more negative one ( +0.2 ) would become the oxidation reaction ; but , what happens to the sign ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | we get when we do that , we 're gon na get +.34 volts is the potential for the reduction half-reaction , and +.76 volts is the potential for the oxidation half-reaction . that gives us our standard cell potential . for our cell the potential is equal to +1.10 volts , which we already know this from previous videos , ri... | ok what if you have daniel cell.for example : ag ( s ) | agcl ( s ) | hcl ( aq ) ( 1 mol kg-1 ) | h2 ( g ) | pt ( s ) how do we convert this into the simple redox equation we had in your video ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | this is our reduction half-reaction where we have copper 2+ ions gaining two electrons to turn into solid copper . the standard reduction potential is +.34 volts . this is equal to +.34 volts . | y is that if standard reduction potential is postitve is the substance likely to be reduced ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | if you look at lithium , right ? lithium here is even more negative for the reduction potential . therefore , this is even more likely to be an oxidation half-reaction . | what does the negative symbol signify ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | that gave us our overall reaction . to find our standard cell potential , we just need to add together our reduction potential for the half-reaction and the oxidation potential for the oxidation half-reaction . to find the potential for the cell , we add the reduction potential and the oxidation potential . we get when... | how to know which will be reduction potential and which will be oxidation potential ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | we get when we do that , we 're gon na get +.34 volts is the potential for the reduction half-reaction , and +.76 volts is the potential for the oxidation half-reaction . that gives us our standard cell potential . for our cell the potential is equal to +1.10 volts , which we already know this from previous videos , ri... | what is the standard cell potential ( e ) ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | to find our standard cell potential , we just need to add together our reduction potential for the half-reaction and the oxidation potential for the oxidation half-reaction . to find the potential for the cell , we add the reduction potential and the oxidation potential . we get when we do that , we 're gon na get +.34... | does the greater the difference in std potential between the electrodes render a higher voltage ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | let 's compare these two half-reactions . if we are reducing copper 2+ to solid copper , the standard reduction potential is +.34 volts . if we are reducing zinc 2+ to solid zinc , the standard reduction potential turns out to be -.76 volts . | in other words a cell with copper and silver electrodes will it give a higher or lower voltage than for instance a copper and and an aluminum electrode ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | this would be copper 2+ ions and solid zinc . on the right side for our products , we would get solid copper and zinc 2+ ions in solution . we get solid copper and zinc 2+ ions . | when a metal is placed in a solution of its ions , why the electrical potential set up between the metal and the solution can not be measured without using a reference electrode ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | we get when we do that , we 're gon na get +.34 volts is the potential for the reduction half-reaction , and +.76 volts is the potential for the oxidation half-reaction . that gives us our standard cell potential . for our cell the potential is equal to +1.10 volts , which we already know this from previous videos , ri... | what is electrode potential and reversible cell ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | this is our reduction half-reaction where we have copper 2+ ions gaining two electrons to turn into solid copper . the standard reduction potential is +.34 volts . this is equal to +.34 volts . | why is the standard reduction poential of a metal equal to its standard electrode potential ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | that gave us our overall reaction . to find our standard cell potential , we just need to add together our reduction potential for the half-reaction and the oxidation potential for the oxidation half-reaction . to find the potential for the cell , we add the reduction potential and the oxidation potential . we get when... | is oxidation potential always greater than reduction potential ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | if the reduction reactions involve a different number of electrons , do you multiply the reduction potential ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | we know that this must be the reduction half-reaction . if we 're talking about a redox reaction involving copper and zinc , this must be our reduction half-reaction . let 's go ahead and write that . | for example , if we had a redox reaction involving copper and lithium , would we multiply the reduction potential of lithium by 2 to balance the number of electrons moved ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | this is our reduction half-reaction where we have copper 2+ ions gaining two electrons to turn into solid copper . the standard reduction potential is +.34 volts . this is equal to +.34 volts . | what is the physical meaning of standard electrode reduction ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | i talked about the fact that you can use a voltmeter to measure the potential difference , to measure the voltage of a voltaic cell . you 're gon na get a +1.10 volts under standard conditions . that 's one of the nice things about the standard reduction potential table . | is it the energy required ( or released according to sign ) to reduce 1 mole of element ? |
here we have a table of standard reduction potentials , and this is a shortened version , but you can see on the left side , we have different half-reactions . all of these half-reactions are written as reduction half-reactions . remember gain of electrons is reduction . if we look at our first half-reaction , we have... | it has the higher , has the more positive value , i should say , for the standard reduction potential . copper 2+ is more easily reduced , and therefore , copper 2+ is a stronger oxidizing agent than zinc 2+ . as you go up on your standard reduction potential , you 're increasing in the tendency for something to be red... | why is it that , mn+3 reduced to mn+2 a favourable reaction , but for the following chromium it is the opposite , that is cr+2 changed to cr+3 is a favourable one ? |
so i wanted to talk to you a little bit about atherosclerosis . and i have already cheated a little bit , and i 've started drawing . i wanted to make it a slightly nicer drawing , because i wanted to make sure that the important things , we can actually see them and that it 's pretty clear . so in the top left , i hav... | and i 'll just write a little arrow here so you know which one i 'm talking about . foam cells . so if you look in the tunica intima again , that 's where all the action is , right ? | are there drugs or other non-invasive methods to get the 'lake of macrophages and foam cells ' to migrate back across the endothelial membrane ? |
so i wanted to talk to you a little bit about atherosclerosis . and i have already cheated a little bit , and i 've started drawing . i wanted to make it a slightly nicer drawing , because i wanted to make sure that the important things , we can actually see them and that it 's pretty clear . so in the top left , i hav... | so that would be step two , is endothelial -- actually , let me leave it in the same color . endothelial dysfunction . they stop working the way that they like to work , and i 'll try to be a little bit more specific . | does the endothelial membrane have a mechanism of repair if lipids and other contaminants are removed or drastically decreased in concentration ? |
so i wanted to talk to you a little bit about atherosclerosis . and i have already cheated a little bit , and i 've started drawing . i wanted to make it a slightly nicer drawing , because i wanted to make sure that the important things , we can actually see them and that it 's pretty clear . so in the top left , i hav... | or it could be -- maybe i 'll use a dark -- then maybe a white color here . maybe it could be high blood pressure . high blood pressure pushing out on these vessels could be an irritant . so any of these things could be an irritant . | could high blood sugar be an irritant that causes the irritation that causes atherosclerosis ? |
so i wanted to talk to you a little bit about atherosclerosis . and i have already cheated a little bit , and i 've started drawing . i wanted to make it a slightly nicer drawing , because i wanted to make sure that the important things , we can actually see them and that it 's pretty clear . so in the top left , i hav... | so if you open up a blood vessel and look at it , if this process has been going on , you might start seeing fatty streaks . and so that 's basically the first half of atherosclerosis . so let 's pick up there in the next video . | what is the difference between atheroma and atherosclerosis ? |
so i wanted to talk to you a little bit about atherosclerosis . and i have already cheated a little bit , and i 've started drawing . i wanted to make it a slightly nicer drawing , because i wanted to make sure that the important things , we can actually see them and that it 's pretty clear . so in the top left , i hav... | so let 's say you have some toxin that 's swimming through your blood vessels . that could be an irritant . and other irritant could be -- so i 'll put smoking up here for that . | so how does the irritant irritate the wall ? |
so i wanted to talk to you a little bit about atherosclerosis . and i have already cheated a little bit , and i 've started drawing . i wanted to make it a slightly nicer drawing , because i wanted to make sure that the important things , we can actually see them and that it 's pretty clear . so in the top left , i hav... | so if you open up a blood vessel and look at it , if this process has been going on , you might start seeing fatty streaks . and so that 's basically the first half of atherosclerosis . so let 's pick up there in the next video . | is it possible to have atherosclerosis in the veins ? |
so i wanted to talk to you a little bit about atherosclerosis . and i have already cheated a little bit , and i 've started drawing . i wanted to make it a slightly nicer drawing , because i wanted to make sure that the important things , we can actually see them and that it 's pretty clear . so in the top left , i hav... | so these are the three layers , and we know this . and the way that atherosclerosis happens -- now , this is a process . and it 's a process that affects millions and millions of people . | is there a way to show how atheroma and atherosclerosis work by experimentation through everyday materials ? |
so i wanted to talk to you a little bit about atherosclerosis . and i have already cheated a little bit , and i 've started drawing . i wanted to make it a slightly nicer drawing , because i wanted to make sure that the important things , we can actually see them and that it 's pretty clear . so in the top left , i hav... | and i 'll just write a little arrow here so you know which one i 'm talking about . foam cells . so if you look in the tunica intima again , that 's where all the action is , right ? | why does your body send out macrophages even if they might not help because they 'd stuff themselves with ldl cholesterol and turn into dead foam cells ? |
so i wanted to talk to you a little bit about atherosclerosis . and i have already cheated a little bit , and i 've started drawing . i wanted to make it a slightly nicer drawing , because i wanted to make sure that the important things , we can actually see them and that it 's pretty clear . so in the top left , i hav... | so again , over on this side , we have the lumen , just to orient you again . and this is the outside of a blood vessel . so we know blood vessels have three layers , and this particular blood vessel is -- actually , let me label it -- is a middle or large artery . so i 'm specifically talking about large and middle-si... | why does the ldl deposit only on the large or middle size blood vessel ? |
so i wanted to talk to you a little bit about atherosclerosis . and i have already cheated a little bit , and i 've started drawing . i wanted to make it a slightly nicer drawing , because i wanted to make sure that the important things , we can actually see them and that it 's pretty clear . so in the top left , i hav... | that 's what the l and the d are , low-density lipoprotein . this is basically something that carries fat and cholesterol around your blood . so you could have too much of it . you could have too much ldl in your blood , in the blood vessels , in the arteries . and that could be an irritant . | would n't too much glucose , circulating in the blood also be an irritant ? |
so i wanted to talk to you a little bit about atherosclerosis . and i have already cheated a little bit , and i 've started drawing . i wanted to make it a slightly nicer drawing , because i wanted to make sure that the important things , we can actually see them and that it 's pretty clear . so in the top left , i hav... | that 's number two , is the layer of cells right here , this inner layer of cells in the tunica intima . and that layer of cells , we know , is the endothelial layer . so that 's the layer that 's being offended somehow , so it 's being upset or angry . | is the endothelial layer broken down due to the irritants- allowing the ldls and macrophages to enter ? |
so i wanted to talk to you a little bit about atherosclerosis . and i have already cheated a little bit , and i 've started drawing . i wanted to make it a slightly nicer drawing , because i wanted to make sure that the important things , we can actually see them and that it 's pretty clear . so in the top left , i hav... | and i 'll just write a little arrow here so you know which one i 'm talking about . foam cells . so if you look in the tunica intima again , that 's where all the action is , right ? | and , do the foam cells release the ldls ? |
so i wanted to talk to you a little bit about atherosclerosis . and i have already cheated a little bit , and i 've started drawing . i wanted to make it a slightly nicer drawing , because i wanted to make sure that the important things , we can actually see them and that it 's pretty clear . so in the top left , i hav... | so if you open up a blood vessel and look at it , if this process has been going on , you might start seeing fatty streaks . and so that 's basically the first half of atherosclerosis . so let 's pick up there in the next video . | is atherosclerosis a consequence of aging and therefore a degenerative disease ? |
so i wanted to talk to you a little bit about atherosclerosis . and i have already cheated a little bit , and i 've started drawing . i wanted to make it a slightly nicer drawing , because i wanted to make sure that the important things , we can actually see them and that it 's pretty clear . so in the top left , i hav... | let me just make sure i catch up with our picture . macrophages and plus foam cells . foam cells into tunica intima . | are n't macrophages types of monocytes ? |
so i wanted to talk to you a little bit about atherosclerosis . and i have already cheated a little bit , and i 've started drawing . i wanted to make it a slightly nicer drawing , because i wanted to make sure that the important things , we can actually see them and that it 's pretty clear . so in the top left , i hav... | so let 's go through and very quickly refresh ourselves and talk about the three layers of the vessel . we have the intima , the tunica intima . and i 'm just writing t for tunica . | do most mechanisms involve immune response , as in the example of macrophages phagocytizing ldl in the tunica intima ? |
so i wanted to talk to you a little bit about atherosclerosis . and i have already cheated a little bit , and i 've started drawing . i wanted to make it a slightly nicer drawing , because i wanted to make sure that the important things , we can actually see them and that it 's pretty clear . so in the top left , i hav... | so macrophage , macro , big , and phage , meaning to eat . macrophages actually swim through the blood and are patrolling the blood , almost like police officers . and they sense that hey , something is not right with this wall . | can the blood flow be blocked all the way ? |
so i wanted to talk to you a little bit about atherosclerosis . and i have already cheated a little bit , and i 've started drawing . i wanted to make it a slightly nicer drawing , because i wanted to make sure that the important things , we can actually see them and that it 's pretty clear . so in the top left , i hav... | let me just make sure i catch up with our picture . macrophages and plus foam cells . foam cells into tunica intima . | how are the macrophages formed ? |
so i wanted to talk to you a little bit about atherosclerosis . and i have already cheated a little bit , and i 've started drawing . i wanted to make it a slightly nicer drawing , because i wanted to make sure that the important things , we can actually see them and that it 's pretty clear . so in the top left , i hav... | so let 's go through and very quickly refresh ourselves and talk about the three layers of the vessel . we have the intima , the tunica intima . and i 'm just writing t for tunica . | can the macrophages eat the fat before it gets into the tunica intima ? |
so i wanted to talk to you a little bit about atherosclerosis . and i have already cheated a little bit , and i 've started drawing . i wanted to make it a slightly nicer drawing , because i wanted to make sure that the important things , we can actually see them and that it 's pretty clear . so in the top left , i hav... | so now you have , basically , this ldl -- all these little molecules of ldl start merging into literally a lake . think of like a lake of fat . how disgusting a thought is that , right ? | how does the fat turn into a `` lake '' ? |
: you probably notice that whenever you have a cold your nose gets all stuffy and when your nose gets all stuffy with a bunch of stuff you 're not able to taste things very well . so let 's imagine that you 're trying to eat a strawberry . so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes i... | so i 'm only drawing a few of them over here , but there are thousands of these cells sending little connections into the olfactory epithelium and at the very end of each one of these little cells are receptors and each receptor is sensitive to one particular molecule . it 's actually sensitive to one particular type o... | is there any molecule that our brain does not have a receptor for that molecule ? |
: you probably notice that whenever you have a cold your nose gets all stuffy and when your nose gets all stuffy with a bunch of stuff you 're not able to taste things very well . so let 's imagine that you 're trying to eat a strawberry . so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes i... | and the glomerulus is basically we can think of it as a designation point for various sensory olfactory cells that are sensitive to the same molecule . so we could think of this glomerulus as a benzene glomerulus because all the cells that are sensitive to benzene will synapse over here . and what actually happens is t... | what happens to the benzene ring after it activates the cell ? |
: you probably notice that whenever you have a cold your nose gets all stuffy and when your nose gets all stuffy with a bunch of stuff you 're not able to taste things very well . so let 's imagine that you 're trying to eat a strawberry . so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes i... | and so if you knock out your sense of smell which is what happens when you have a cold . if your sense of smell is knocked out you 're relying only on your sense of taste . and when you only rely on your sense of taste you 're not able to taste things as well . | what part of the brain perceives our sense of smell ? |
: you probably notice that whenever you have a cold your nose gets all stuffy and when your nose gets all stuffy with a bunch of stuff you 're not able to taste things very well . so let 's imagine that you 're trying to eat a strawberry . so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes i... | the cribriform plate is basically just bone and there are a bunch of little holes in the cribriform plate that basically allow the cells , these olfactory sensory cells to send projections to the olfactory bulb . so let 's imagine that there 's an olfactory sensory cell and it sends a little projection into the olfacto... | were you saying the olfactory sensory neurons are a type of epithelial cell and these are where the receptors are ? |
: you probably notice that whenever you have a cold your nose gets all stuffy and when your nose gets all stuffy with a bunch of stuff you 're not able to taste things very well . so let 's imagine that you 're trying to eat a strawberry . so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes i... | so this inside one of the sensory olfactory cells that we were talking about earlier . and so one of the effects that this g protein will have is it will actually bind to an ion channel . so it will bind to an ion channel and the ion channel will basically allow positive ions from outside the cell to flow inside and th... | is it actually the g-protein that elicits the ion channel to open , or does it elicit the synthesis of a different molecule ( such as camp ) that opens ion channels ? |
: you probably notice that whenever you have a cold your nose gets all stuffy and when your nose gets all stuffy with a bunch of stuff you 're not able to taste things very well . so let 's imagine that you 're trying to eat a strawberry . so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes i... | now we can definitely live without our sense of smell , but it does greatly enrich our everyday lives . smell is also known as olfaction . sometimes our sense of smell can be called our olfactory sense and we 'll talk a little bit about how this word comes into play and a little bit of the anatomy later on . | how would we explain those who are more sensitive to smell than others ? |
: you probably notice that whenever you have a cold your nose gets all stuffy and when your nose gets all stuffy with a bunch of stuff you 're not able to taste things very well . so let 's imagine that you 're trying to eat a strawberry . so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes i... | so the benzene molecule comes in and activates a whole bunch of cells that have benzene receptors and all the cells that are sensitive to benzene will all fire an action potential to one particular location in the olfactory bulb and this particular location is known as a glomerulus . so glomerulus . and the glomerulus ... | do people have different types/numbers of glomerulus ? |
: you probably notice that whenever you have a cold your nose gets all stuffy and when your nose gets all stuffy with a bunch of stuff you 're not able to taste things very well . so let 's imagine that you 're trying to eat a strawberry . so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes i... | and the glomerulus is basically we can think of it as a designation point for various sensory olfactory cells that are sensitive to the same molecule . so we could think of this glomerulus as a benzene glomerulus because all the cells that are sensitive to benzene will synapse over here . and what actually happens is t... | am i correct in saying that multiple receptors feed to one glomerulus ( so say , hundreds of benzene receptors feed to a single benzene glomerulus ) , but then there are multiple synapses to the mitral/tufted cells ? |
: you probably notice that whenever you have a cold your nose gets all stuffy and when your nose gets all stuffy with a bunch of stuff you 're not able to taste things very well . so let 's imagine that you 're trying to eat a strawberry . so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes i... | and the glomerulus is basically we can think of it as a designation point for various sensory olfactory cells that are sensitive to the same molecule . so we could think of this glomerulus as a benzene glomerulus because all the cells that are sensitive to benzene will synapse over here . and what actually happens is t... | why not have a single glomerulus-mitral cell synapse , since presumably they are carrying the same information ? |
: you probably notice that whenever you have a cold your nose gets all stuffy and when your nose gets all stuffy with a bunch of stuff you 're not able to taste things very well . so let 's imagine that you 're trying to eat a strawberry . so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes i... | this region is the olfactory epithelium . olfactory epithelium . so again , olfactory olfaction . | what basal cells do in olfactory epithelium ? |
: you probably notice that whenever you have a cold your nose gets all stuffy and when your nose gets all stuffy with a bunch of stuff you 're not able to taste things very well . so let 's imagine that you 're trying to eat a strawberry . so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes i... | this region is the olfactory epithelium . olfactory epithelium . so again , olfactory olfaction . | and what is the life span of olfactory receptor cells ? |
: you probably notice that whenever you have a cold your nose gets all stuffy and when your nose gets all stuffy with a bunch of stuff you 're not able to taste things very well . so let 's imagine that you 're trying to eat a strawberry . so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes i... | so you can actually try this . next time you 're eating something just go ahead and close your nose and see if whatever it is you 're eating tastes differently after you 're no longer smelling anything . so hopefully this goes to show a little bit about why our sense of smell is important . | how do we manage to `` close our noses '' ( not using your hands , but like just closing your nose without touching anything ) as in , what happens on the inside ? |
: you probably notice that whenever you have a cold your nose gets all stuffy and when your nose gets all stuffy with a bunch of stuff you 're not able to taste things very well . so let 's imagine that you 're trying to eat a strawberry . so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes i... | it 's coupled , sorry ie . the g-protein is coupled to the receptor and when the molecule of benzene binds it will actually cause disassociation here . the g protein will break away and it will cause a cascade of events inside the cell . | what governs the kind of sensation you would have when a molecule binds to its receptors ? |
: you probably notice that whenever you have a cold your nose gets all stuffy and when your nose gets all stuffy with a bunch of stuff you 're not able to taste things very well . so let 's imagine that you 're trying to eat a strawberry . so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes i... | so you can actually try this . next time you 're eating something just go ahead and close your nose and see if whatever it is you 're eating tastes differently after you 're no longer smelling anything . so hopefully this goes to show a little bit about why our sense of smell is important . | `` next time you are eating something just go ahead and close your nose and see what it is like when you are no longer smelling what you are eating '' if the oderant molecules travel to your nose from the back of your throat like you drew in the example of the man eating the strawberry , then why would closing your nos... |
: you probably notice that whenever you have a cold your nose gets all stuffy and when your nose gets all stuffy with a bunch of stuff you 're not able to taste things very well . so let 's imagine that you 're trying to eat a strawberry . so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes i... | so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes in your mouth and as you 're chewing the strawberry you 're breaking down different cellular components and these cellular components release little molecules and these little molecules will travel through the back of your throat and some of ... | would the oderant molecules continue to travel to your sinuses from your throat ? |
: you probably notice that whenever you have a cold your nose gets all stuffy and when your nose gets all stuffy with a bunch of stuff you 're not able to taste things very well . so let 's imagine that you 're trying to eat a strawberry . so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes i... | so the benzene molecule comes in and activates a whole bunch of cells that have benzene receptors and all the cells that are sensitive to benzene will all fire an action potential to one particular location in the olfactory bulb and this particular location is known as a glomerulus . so glomerulus . and the glomerulus ... | what are the mitral and glomerulus cells ? |
: you probably notice that whenever you have a cold your nose gets all stuffy and when your nose gets all stuffy with a bunch of stuff you 're not able to taste things very well . so let 's imagine that you 're trying to eat a strawberry . so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes i... | so there is another cell and this is known as a mitral , so mitral or as a tufted cell . tufted cell and this mitral/tufted cell will actually project to the brain . so the reason we have this type of organization is because it 's a lot easier for one cell to send a projection to the brain then it would be for thousand... | if it is easier to send signals to the brain with only one connection , then is n't the tufted cell extra ? |
: you probably notice that whenever you have a cold your nose gets all stuffy and when your nose gets all stuffy with a bunch of stuff you 're not able to taste things very well . so let 's imagine that you 're trying to eat a strawberry . so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes i... | so the benzene molecule comes in and activates a whole bunch of cells that have benzene receptors and all the cells that are sensitive to benzene will all fire an action potential to one particular location in the olfactory bulb and this particular location is known as a glomerulus . so glomerulus . and the glomerulus ... | why ca n't the glomerulus send the information directly the brain ? |
: you probably notice that whenever you have a cold your nose gets all stuffy and when your nose gets all stuffy with a bunch of stuff you 're not able to taste things very well . so let 's imagine that you 're trying to eat a strawberry . so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes i... | it 's actually sensitive to one particular type of molecule . so for example let 's imagine that we have a benzene ring and most things that have benzene rings are known as aromatic compounds and normally you can actually smell aromatic compounds . so a molecule has a benzene ring it usually has some sort of scent and ... | what is a benzene ring and what are twigs ? |
: you probably notice that whenever you have a cold your nose gets all stuffy and when your nose gets all stuffy with a bunch of stuff you 're not able to taste things very well . so let 's imagine that you 're trying to eat a strawberry . so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes i... | the g protein will break away and it will cause a cascade of events inside the cell . so this inside one of the sensory olfactory cells that we were talking about earlier . and so one of the effects that this g protein will have is it will actually bind to an ion channel . | what changes in sensory function occur due to aging ? |
: you probably notice that whenever you have a cold your nose gets all stuffy and when your nose gets all stuffy with a bunch of stuff you 're not able to taste things very well . so let 's imagine that you 're trying to eat a strawberry . so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes i... | so there is another cell and this is known as a mitral , so mitral or as a tufted cell . tufted cell and this mitral/tufted cell will actually project to the brain . so the reason we have this type of organization is because it 's a lot easier for one cell to send a projection to the brain then it would be for thousand... | so if a cell in the olfactory bulb ( a glomerulus or mitral/tufted cell ) is damaged , will you not be able to smell whatever scent is associated to that cell ? |
: you probably notice that whenever you have a cold your nose gets all stuffy and when your nose gets all stuffy with a bunch of stuff you 're not able to taste things very well . so let 's imagine that you 're trying to eat a strawberry . so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes i... | this region is the olfactory epithelium . olfactory epithelium . so again , olfactory olfaction . | why olfactory axons are unmyelinated ? |
: you probably notice that whenever you have a cold your nose gets all stuffy and when your nose gets all stuffy with a bunch of stuff you 're not able to taste things very well . so let 's imagine that you 're trying to eat a strawberry . so you 're eating the strawberry . normally it tastes really good and it goes i... | and so one of the effects that this g protein will have is it will actually bind to an ion channel . so it will bind to an ion channel and the ion channel will basically allow positive ions from outside the cell to flow inside and this will cause the cell to depolarize and fire an action potential that eventually will ... | the ions that flow in , would they be sodium ? |
so in the previous videos , we talked about classical conditioning . and what classical conditioning basically involves is the pairing of stimuli and the association that results between the two . so a behavior that would normally be the result of one stimulus becomes the result of another one because of that associati... | so these are the four types of consequences . you have positive reinforcement , negative reinforcement , positive punishment , and negative punishment . and one last thing i want to illustrate here is that all of these have a reciprocal relationship . | i do n't get what 's different between positive and negative punishment , is n't it same if we take money from drivers by giving ticket ? |
so in the previous videos , we talked about classical conditioning . and what classical conditioning basically involves is the pairing of stimuli and the association that results between the two . so a behavior that would normally be the result of one stimulus becomes the result of another one because of that associati... | all of these consequences influence and shape the behavior . and that 's what makes operant conditioning unique . it 's this relationship , this reciprocal relationship between behavior and consequences and how these behaviors are all influenced by their consequences . | is a stimulus not always involved in operant conditioning unlike in classical conditioning ? |
all right . i 'm going to start out with a challenge for you . i 'm going to show you a series of shapes , and i want you to count the number of yellow stars that you see . also , count the number of red x 's that pop up on the screen , so that 's two separate numbers , one for how many yellow stars you see and one for... | usually your attention is directed elsewhere , so you fail to notice the fire extinguisher . closely related to inattentional blindness is change blindness , which is when we fail to notice changes in the environment . now be careful , because the difference between change blindness and inattentional blindness is subtl... | so i take it change blindness and inattentional blindness are what magicians often exploit ? |
all right . i 'm going to start out with a challenge for you . i 'm going to show you a series of shapes , and i want you to count the number of yellow stars that you see . also , count the number of red x 's that pop up on the screen , so that 's two separate numbers , one for how many yellow stars you see and one for... | now be careful , because the difference between change blindness and inattentional blindness is subtle but important . inattentional blindness means that you miss something right in front of you , while change blindness means that you fail to notice a difference between a previous state and a current state , like when ... | can we train humans to multi-task and also to notice things others do not - like forensic scientists ? |
all right . i 'm going to start out with a challenge for you . i 'm going to show you a series of shapes , and i want you to count the number of yellow stars that you see . also , count the number of red x 's that pop up on the screen , so that 's two separate numbers , one for how many yellow stars you see and one for... | usually your attention is directed elsewhere , so you fail to notice the fire extinguisher . closely related to inattentional blindness is change blindness , which is when we fail to notice changes in the environment . now be careful , because the difference between change blindness and inattentional blindness is subtl... | is inattentional blindness and change blindness more pronounced in people without photographic memory ? |
all right . i 'm going to start out with a challenge for you . i 'm going to show you a series of shapes , and i want you to count the number of yellow stars that you see . also , count the number of red x 's that pop up on the screen , so that 's two separate numbers , one for how many yellow stars you see and one for... | one really good example of selective attention is the cocktail party effect , which you 've probably experienced yourself multiple times . and this is your ability to attend to one voice even amidst many others . and it most commonly occurs when you hear your own name amid those voices . | what is the impact of constant stimuli on people 's ability to stay focused ? |
let 's solve another 2nd order linear homogeneous differential equation . and this one -- well , i wo n't give you the details before i actually write it down . so the differential equation is 4 times the 2nd derivative of y with respect to x , minus 8 times the 1st derivative , plus 3 times the function times y , is e... | let 's solve another 2nd order linear homogeneous differential equation . and this one -- well , i wo n't give you the details before i actually write it down . | now that i 've been through this playlist , i have to ask , will the general solutions for all linear homogeneous differential equations include e^rx ? |
let 's solve another 2nd order linear homogeneous differential equation . and this one -- well , i wo n't give you the details before i actually write it down . so the differential equation is 4 times the 2nd derivative of y with respect to x , minus 8 times the 1st derivative , plus 3 times the function times y , is e... | and now , let 's subtract -- well , i do n't want to confuse you , so let 's just subtract the bottom from the top , so this cancels out . what 's 1/2 minus 3/2 ? 1/2 minus 1 and 1/2 . | why is the differential `` 3/2.c.e^3/2.x '' not `` ( ( 3/2.x ) -1 ) .c.e^3/2.x '' ? |
let 's solve another 2nd order linear homogeneous differential equation . and this one -- well , i wo n't give you the details before i actually write it down . so the differential equation is 4 times the 2nd derivative of y with respect to x , minus 8 times the 1st derivative , plus 3 times the function times y , is e... | and now , let 's subtract -- well , i do n't want to confuse you , so let 's just subtract the bottom from the top , so this cancels out . what 's 1/2 minus 3/2 ? 1/2 minus 1 and 1/2 . well , that 's just minus 1 , right ? | do you add og subtract when you do the thing with : c1+c2=2 3/2c1+1/2c2=1/2 on this vid you subtract , and on the video before you add them together ? |
let 's solve another 2nd order linear homogeneous differential equation . and this one -- well , i wo n't give you the details before i actually write it down . so the differential equation is 4 times the 2nd derivative of y with respect to x , minus 8 times the 1st derivative , plus 3 times the function times y , is e... | what 's 1/2 minus 3/2 ? 1/2 minus 1 and 1/2 . well , that 's just minus 1 , right ? | i have a question thought : can someone tell me what i would do with an equation in this form : 5y '' + 3y ' +4y - 1 = 0 ? |
let 's solve another 2nd order linear homogeneous differential equation . and this one -- well , i wo n't give you the details before i actually write it down . so the differential equation is 4 times the 2nd derivative of y with respect to x , minus 8 times the 1st derivative , plus 3 times the function times y , is e... | let 's see , it 's 16 , right ? right . 10 plus 48 is 58 , then another -- so it 's 16 . | 4 is multiplying only top equation right ? |
let 's solve another 2nd order linear homogeneous differential equation . and this one -- well , i wo n't give you the details before i actually write it down . so the differential equation is 4 times the 2nd derivative of y with respect to x , minus 8 times the 1st derivative , plus 3 times the function times y , is e... | so we know that y of 0 is equal to 2 , and y prime of 0 is equal to 1/2 . those are our initial conditions . so let 's use that information . | can there be multiple solutions that satisfy the initial condition ? |
let 's solve another 2nd order linear homogeneous differential equation . and this one -- well , i wo n't give you the details before i actually write it down . so the differential equation is 4 times the 2nd derivative of y with respect to x , minus 8 times the 1st derivative , plus 3 times the function times y , is e... | so let 's use that information . so y of 0 -- what happens when you substitute x is equal to 0 here . ? you get c1 times e to the 0 , essentially , so that 's just 1 , plus c2 -- well that 's just e to the 0 again , because x is 0 -- is equal to -- so this is , when x is equal to 0 , what is y ? | what happens if the equation doesnt equal zero and it equals a function of x ? |
let 's solve another 2nd order linear homogeneous differential equation . and this one -- well , i wo n't give you the details before i actually write it down . so the differential equation is 4 times the 2nd derivative of y with respect to x , minus 8 times the 1st derivative , plus 3 times the function times y , is e... | this differential equations problem was literally just a problem in using the quadratic equation . and once you figure out the r 's you have your general solution . and now we just have to use our initial conditions . | to find the general solution , do we equal to zero ? |
let 's solve another 2nd order linear homogeneous differential equation . and this one -- well , i wo n't give you the details before i actually write it down . so the differential equation is 4 times the 2nd derivative of y with respect to x , minus 8 times the 1st derivative , plus 3 times the function times y , is e... | let 's solve another 2nd order linear homogeneous differential equation . and this one -- well , i wo n't give you the details before i actually write it down . | why the liner first order differential equation must be homogenous for complementry solution ? |
let 's solve another 2nd order linear homogeneous differential equation . and this one -- well , i wo n't give you the details before i actually write it down . so the differential equation is 4 times the 2nd derivative of y with respect to x , minus 8 times the 1st derivative , plus 3 times the function times y , is e... | let 's solve another 2nd order linear homogeneous differential equation . and this one -- well , i wo n't give you the details before i actually write it down . | how does abel 's theorem play into these examples ? |
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