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bitola (; ) is a city in the southwestern part of north macedonia. it is located in the southern part of the pelagonia valley, surrounded by the baba, nidže, and kajmakčalan mountain ranges, north of the medžitlija-níki border crossing with greece. the city stands at an important junction connecting the south of the ad...
the battle of bosworth or bosworth field ( ) was the last significant battle of the wars of the roses, the civil war between the houses of lancaster and york that extended across england in the latter half of the 15th century. fought on 22 august 1485, the battle was won by an alliance of lancastrians and disaffected y...
brassicaceae () or (the older) cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. most are herbaceous plants, while some are shrubs. the leaves are simple (although are sometimes deeply incised), lack stipules, and ...
baseball statistics play an important role in evaluating the progress of a player or team. since the flow of a baseball game has natural breaks to it, and normally players act individually rather than performing in clusters, the sport lends itself to easy record-keeping and statistics. statistics have been recorded sin...
in baseball, an at bat (ab) or time at bat is a batter's turn batting against a pitcher. an at bat is different from a plate appearance. a batter is credited with a plate appearance regardless of what happens during their turn at bat, but a batter is credited with an at bat only if that plate appearance does not have o...
in baseball, an earned run is any run that was fully enabled by the offensive team's production in the face of competent play from the defensive team. conversely, an unearned run is a run that would not have been scored without the aid of an error or a passed ball committed by the defense. an unearned run counts just a...
a base on balls (bb), also known as a walk, occurs in baseball when a batter receives four pitches during a plate appearance that the umpire calls balls, and is in turn awarded first base without the possibility of being called out. the base on balls is defined in section 2.00 of baseball's official rules, and further ...
in baseball statistics, total bases (tb) is the number of bases a player has gained with hits. it is a weighted sum for which the weight value is 1 for a single, 2 for a double, 3 for a triple and 4 for a home run. only bases attained from hits count toward this total. reaching base by other means (such as a base on ba...
in baseball, hit by pitch (hbp) is an event in which a batter or his clothing or equipment (other than his bat) is struck directly by a pitch from the pitcher; the batter is called a hit batsman (hb). a hit batsman is awarded first base, provided that (in the plate umpire's judgment) he made an honest effort to avoid t...
in baseball statistics, a hit (denoted by h), also called a base hit, is credited to a batter when the batter safely reaches or passes first base after hitting the ball into fair territory with neither the benefit of an error nor a fielder's choice. scoring a hit to achieve a hit, the batter must reach first base befor...
in baseball statistics, on-base percentage (obp) measures how frequently a batter reaches base. an official major league baseball (mlb) statistic since 1984, it is sometimes referred to as on-base average (oba), as it is rarely presented as a true percentage. generally defined as "how frequently a batter reaches base p...
in baseball, a sacrifice fly (sometimes abbreviated to sac fly) is defined by rule 9.08(d): "score a sacrifice fly when, before two are out, the batter hits a ball in flight handled by an outfielder or an infielder running in the outfield in fair or foul territory that is caught, and a run scores after the catch, or is...
on-base plus slugging (ops) is a sabermetric baseball statistic calculated as the sum of a player's on-base percentage and slugging percentage. the ability of a player both to get on base and to hit for power, two important offensive skills, are represented. an ops of .800 or higher in major league baseball puts the pl...
in baseball, a stolen base occurs when a runner advances to a base unaided by other actions and the official scorer rules that the advance should be credited to the action of the runner. the umpires determine whether the runner is safe or out at the next base, but the official scorer rules on the question of credit or ...
in baseball, a player is credited with a plate appearance (denoted by pa) each time he completes a turn batting. under rule 5.04(c) of the official baseball rules, a player completes a turn batting when he is put out or becomes a runner. this happens when he strikes out or is declared out before reaching first base; or...
games played (gp) is a statistic used in team sports to indicate the total number of games in which a player has participated (in any capacity); the statistic is generally applied irrespective of whatever portion of the game is contested. baseball in baseball, the statistic applies to players, who prior to a game, are ...
boogie down productions (bdp) was an american hip hop group originally composed of krs-one, d-nice, and dj scott la rock. dj scott la rock was murdered on august 27, 1987, five months after the release of bdp's debut album, criminal minded. the name of the group, boogie down, derives from a nickname for the south bronx...
in computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal (bcd) is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each digit is represented by a fixed number of bits, usually four or eight. sometimes, special bit patterns are used for a sign or other indications (e.g. error or overflow). in byte-oriented systems ...
bcd may refer to: computing binary-coded decimal, a representation of decimal digits in binary bcd (character encoding), a 6-bit superset of binary-coded decimal derived from the binary encoding of the same name boot configuration data, the configuration data required to boot microsoft windows vista and later bipolar-c...
binary may refer to: science and technology mathematics binary number, a representation of numbers using only two digits (0 and 1) binary function, a function that takes two arguments binary operation, a mathematical operation that takes two arguments binary relation, a relation involving two elements binary-coded deci...
bumin qaghan (, also known as illig qaghan (chinese: 伊利可汗, pinyin: yīlì kèhán, wade–giles: i-li k'o-han) or yamï qaghan (, died 552 ad) was the founder of the turkic khaganate. he was the eldest son of ashina tuwu (吐務 / 吐务). he was the chieftain of the turks under the sovereignty of rouran khaganate. he is also mention...
bilge qaghan (; ; 683 – 25 november 734) was the fourth qaghan of the second turkic khaganate. his accomplishments were described in the orkhon inscriptions. names as was the custom, his personal name and the name after assuming the title qaghan were different. his personal name was recorded in chinese characters as ()...
the staatliches bauhaus (), commonly known as the , was a german art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined crafts and the fine arts. the school became famous for its approach to design, which attempted to unify individual artistic vision with the principles of mass production and emphasis on function. alon...
beowulf (; ) is an old english epic poem in the tradition of germanic heroic legend consisting of 3,182 alliterative lines. it is one of the most important and most often translated works of old english literature. the date of composition is a matter of contention among scholars; the only certain dating is for the manu...
barb wire is a fictional character appearing in comics greatest world, an imprint of dark horse comics. created by chris warner and team cgw, the character first appeared in comics' greatest world: steel harbor in 1993. the original barb wire series published nine issues between 1994 and 1995 and was followed by a four...
blazing saddles is a 1974 american satirical postmodernist western black comedy film directed by mel brooks, who co-wrote the screenplay with andrew bergman, richard pryor, norman steinberg and alan uger, based on a story treatment by bergman. the film stars cleavon little and gene wilder. the film received generally p...
michael bruce sterling (born april 14, 1954) is an american science fiction author known for his novels and short fiction and editorship of the mirrorshades anthology. in particular, he is linked to the cyberpunk subgenre. sterling's first science-fiction story, man-made self, was sold in 1976. he is the author of scie...
brain abscess (or cerebral abscess) is an abscess within the brain tissue caused by inflammation and collection of infected material coming from local (ear infection, dental abscess, infection of paranasal sinuses, infection of the mastoid air cells of the temporal bone, epidural abscess) or remote (lung, heart, kidney...
brigitte anne-marie bardot ( ; ; born 28 september 1934), often referred to by her initials b.b., is a french animal rights activist and former actress, singer, and model. famous for portraying sexually emancipated characters, often with hedonistic lifestyles, she was one of the best known sex symbols of the 1950s–1970...
the banjo is a stringed instrument with a thin membrane stretched over a frame or cavity to form a resonator. the membrane is typically circular, in modern forms usually made of plastic, originally of animal skin. early forms of the instrument were fashioned by african americans and had african antecedents. in the 19th...
baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each, taking turns batting and fielding. the game occurs over the course of several plays, with each play generally beginning when a player on the fielding team, called the pitcher, throws a ball that a player on the batting team, called the batt...
in the sport of baseball, each of the nine players on a team is assigned a particular fielding position when it is their turn to play defense. each position conventionally has an associated number, for use in scorekeeping by the official scorer: 1 (pitcher), 2 (catcher), 3 (first baseman), 4 (second baseman), 5 (third ...
the history of baseball in the united states dates to the 18th century, when boys and amateur enthusiasts played a baseball-like game by their own informal rules using homemade equipment. the popularity of the sport grew and amateur men's ball clubs were formed in the 1830–50s. semi-professional baseball clubs followed...
the major league baseball most valuable player award (mvp) is an annual major league baseball (mlb) award given to one outstanding player in the american league and one in the national league. the award has been presented by the baseball writers' association of america (bbwaa) since 1931. history since 1931, a most val...
in major league baseball, the rookie of the year award is given annually to two outstanding rookie players, one each for the american league (al) and national league (nl), as voted on by the baseball writers' association of america (bbwaa). the award was established in 1940 by the chicago chapter of the bbwaa, which se...
the national league championship series (nlcs), also known as the national league pennant, is a best-of-seven playoff and one of two league championship series comprising the penultimate round of major league baseball's (mlb) postseason. it is contested by the winners of the two national league (nl) division series. th...
the american league championship series (alcs), also known as the american league pennant, is a best-of-seven playoff and one of two league championship series comprising the penultimate round of major league baseball's (mlb) postseason. the winner of the alcs wins the al pennant and advances to the world series, mlb's...
in major league baseball, the american league division series (alds) determines which two teams from the american league will advance to the american league championship series. the division series consists of two best-of-five series, featuring each of the two division winners with the best records and the winners of t...
in major league baseball, the national league division series (nlds) determines which two teams from the national league will advance to the national league championship series. the division series consists of two best-of-five series, featuring each of the two division winners with the best records and the winners of t...
the 2001 world series was the championship series of major league baseball's (mlb) 2001 season. the 97th edition of the world series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between the national league (nl) champion arizona diamondbacks and the three-time defending world series champions and american league (al) champion new yo...
the 1903 world series was the first modern world series to be played in major league baseball. it matched the american league (al) champion boston americans against the national league (nl) champion pittsburgh pirates in a best-of-nine series, with boston prevailing five games to three, winning the last four. the first...
bluetongue disease is a noncontagious, insect-borne, viral disease of ruminants, mainly sheep and less frequently cattle, yaks, goats, buffalo, deer, dromedaries, and antelope. it is caused by bluetongue virus (btv). the virus is transmitted by the midges culicoides imicola, culicoides variipennis, and other culicoids....
bruce perens (born around 1958) is an american computer programmer and advocate in the free software movement. he created the open source definition and published the first formal announcement and manifesto of open source. he co-founded the open source initiative (osi) with eric s. raymond. in 2005, perens represented ...
bundle theory, originated by the 18th century scottish philosopher david hume, is the ontological theory about objecthood in which an object consists only of a collection (bundle) of properties, relations or tropes. according to bundle theory, an object consists of its properties and nothing more; thus, there cannot be...
field marshal bernard law montgomery, 1st viscount montgomery of alamein, (; 17 november 1887 – 24 march 1976), nicknamed "monty", was a senior british army officer who served in the first world war, the irish war of independence and the second world war. montgomery first saw action in the first world war as a junior o...
herman boerhaave (, 31 december 1668 – 23 september 1738) was a dutch botanist, chemist, christian humanist, and physician of european fame. he is regarded as the founder of clinical teaching and of the modern academic hospital and is sometimes referred to as "the father of physiology," along with venetian physician sa...
benjamin disraeli, 1st earl of beaconsfield, (21 december 1804 – 19 april 1881) was a british statesman, conservative politician and writer who twice served as prime minister of the united kingdom. he played a central role in the creation of the modern conservative party, defining its policies and its broad outreach. d...
in probability theory and statistics, the binomial distribution with parameters n and p is the discrete probability distribution of the number of successes in a sequence of n independent experiments, each asking a yes–no question, and each with its own boolean-valued outcome: success (with probability p) or failure (wi...
biostatistics (also known as biometry) is a branch of statistics that applies statistical methods to a wide range of topics in biology. it encompasses the design of biological experiments, the collection and analysis of data from those experiments and the interpretation of the results. history biostatistics and genetic...
the bible is a canonical collection of texts considered sacred in judaism or christianity. different religious groups include different books within their canons, in different orders, and sometimes divide or combine books, or incorporate additional material into canonical books. christian bibles range from the sixty-si...