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bar kokhba is a double album by john zorn, recorded between 1994 and 1996. it features music from zorn's masada project, rearranged for small ensembles. it also features the original soundtrack from the art of remembrance – simon wiesenthal, a film by hannah heer and werner schmiedel (1994–95). reception the allmusic r...
basic (beginners' all-purpose symbolic instruction code) is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages designed for ease of use. the original version was created by john g. kemeny and thomas e. kurtz at dartmouth college in 1963. they wanted to enable students in non-scientific fields to use computer...
this is a list of the byzantine emperors from the foundation of constantinople in 330 ad, which marks the conventional start of the eastern roman empire, to its fall to the ottoman empire in 1453 ad. only the emperors who were recognized as legitimate rulers and exercised sovereign authority are included, to the exclus...
in chaos theory, the butterfly effect is the sensitive dependence on initial conditions in which a small change in one state of a deterministic nonlinear system can result in large differences in a later state. the term is closely associated with the work of mathematician and meteorologist edward norton lorenz. he note...
borland software corporation was a computer technology company founded in 1983 by niels jensen, ole henriksen, mogens glad, and philippe kahn. its main business was the development and sale of software development and software deployment products. borland was first headquartered in scotts valley, california, then in cu...
richard buckminster fuller (; july 12, 1895 – july 1, 1983) was an american architect, systems theorist, writer, designer, inventor, philosopher, and futurist. he styled his name as r. buckminster fuller in his writings, publishing more than 30 books and coining or popularizing such terms as "spaceship earth", "dymaxio...
william boyd watterson ii (born july 5, 1958) is an american cartoonist who authored the comic strip calvin and hobbes. the strip was syndicated from 1985 to 1995. watterson concluded calvin and hobbes with a short statement to newspaper editors and his readers that he felt he had achieved all he could in the medium. w...
black is a color that results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. it is an achromatic color, without hue, like white and grey. it is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness. black and white have often been used to describe opposites such as good and evil, the dark ages versus...
black flag or black flag may refer to: flags the black standard, a legendary flag in islamic tradition the anarchist black flag the jolly roger, flag associated with piracy the pan-african flag, a trans-national unity symbol black flag (racing) arts, entertainment, and media black flag (band), an american hardcore punk...
bletchley park is an english country house and estate in bletchley, milton keynes (buckinghamshire) that became the principal centre of allied code-breaking during the second world war. the mansion was constructed during the years following 1883 for the financier and politician sir herbert leon in the victorian gothic,...
bede (; , ; 672/326 may 735), also known as saint bede, the venerable bede, and bede the venerable (), was an english monk and an author and scholar. he was one of the greatest teachers and writers during the early middle ages, and his most famous work, ecclesiastical history of the english people, gained him the title...
bubble tea (also known as pearl milk tea, bubble milk tea, tapioca milk tea, boba tea, or boba; , ) is a tea-based drink that originated in taiwan in the early 1980s. taiwanese immigrants brought it to the united states in the 1990s, initially in california through regions including los angeles county, but the drink ha...
the battle of blenheim (; ; ) fought on , was a major battle of the war of the spanish succession. the overwhelming allied victory ensured the safety of vienna from the franco-bavarian army, thus preventing the collapse of the reconstituted grand alliance. louis xiv of france sought to knock the holy roman emperor, leo...
the battle of ramillies (), fought on 23 may 1706, was a battle of the war of the spanish succession. for the grand allianceaustria, england, and the dutch republicthe battle had followed an indecisive campaign against the bourbon armies of king louis xiv of france in 1705. although the allies had captured barcelona th...
brian wilson kernighan (; born january 30, 1942) is a canadian computer scientist. he worked at bell labs and contributed to the development of unix alongside unix creators ken thompson and dennis ritchie. kernighan's name became widely known through co-authorship of the first book on the c programming language (the c ...
bcpl ("basic combined programming language") is a procedural, imperative, and structured programming language. originally intended for writing compilers for other languages, bcpl is no longer in common use. however, its influence is still felt because a stripped down and syntactically changed version of bcpl, called b,...
a battleship is a large armored warship with a main battery consisting of large caliber guns. it dominated naval warfare in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. the term battleship came into use in the late 1880s to describe a type of ironclad warship, now referred to by historians as pre-dreadnought battleships. in...
in norse mythology, bifröst (), also called bilröst, is a burning rainbow bridge that reaches between midgard (earth) and asgard, the realm of the gods. the bridge is attested as bilröst in the poetic edda; compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and as bifröst in the prose edda; written in the 1...
the battlecruiser (also written as battle cruiser or battle-cruiser) was a type of capital ship of the first half of the 20th century. these were similar in displacement, armament and cost to battleships, but differed in form and balance of attributes. battlecruisers typically had thinner armour (to a varying degree) a...
robert james lee hawke (9 december 1929 – 16 may 2019) was an australian politician and trade unionist who served as the 23rd prime minister of australia from 1983 to 1991. he held office as the leader of the australian labor party (alp), having previously served as the president of the australian council of trade unio...
baldr (old norse: ; also balder, baldur) is a god in germanic mythology. in norse mythology, he is a son of the god odin and the goddess frigg, and has numerous brothers, such as thor and váli. in wider germanic mythology, the god was known in old english as , and in old high german as , all ultimately stemming from th...
breiðablik (sometimes anglicised as breithablik or breidablik) is the home of baldr in nordic mythology. meaning the word has been variously translated as 'broad sheen', 'broad gleam', 'broad-gleaming' or 'the far-shining one', attestations grímismál the eddic poem grímnismál describes breiðablik as the fair home of ba...
bilskirnir (old norse "lightning-crack") is the hall of the god thor in norse mythology. here he lives with his wife sif and their children. according to grímnismál, the hall is the greatest of buildings and contains 540 rooms, located in asgard, as are all the dwellings of the gods, in the kingdom of þrúðheimr (or þrú...
in norse mythology, brísingamen (or brísinga men) is the torc or necklace of the goddess freyja. the name is an old norse compound brísinga-men whose second element is men "(ornamental) neck-ring (of precious metal), torc". the etymology of the first element is uncertain. it has been derived from old norse brísingr, a ...
in mathematics, the borsuk–ulam theorem states that every continuous function from an n-sphere into euclidean n-space maps some pair of antipodal points to the same point. here, two points on a sphere are called antipodal if they are in exactly opposite directions from the sphere's center. formally: if is continuous th...
bragi (; old norse: ) is the skaldic god of poetry in norse mythology. etymology the theonym bragi probably stems from the masculine noun bragr, which can be translated in old norse as 'poetry' (cf. icelandic bragur 'poem, melody, wise') or as 'the first, noblest' (cf. poetic old norse bragnar 'chiefs, men', bragningr ...
blaise pascal ( , , ; ; 19 june 1623 – 19 august 1662) was a french mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, and catholic writer. pascal was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax collector in rouen. his earliest mathematical work was on conic sections; he wrote a significant treatise on the subj...
the brittonic languages (also brythonic or british celtic; ; ; ) form one of the two branches of the insular celtic language family; the other is goidelic. it comprises the extant languages breton, cornish, and welsh. the name brythonic was derived by welsh celticist john rhys from the welsh word , meaning ancient brit...
bronski beat were a british synth-pop band formed in 1983 in london, england. the initial lineup, which recorded the majority of their hits, consisted of jimmy somerville (vocals), steve bronski (keyboards, percussion) and larry steinbachek (keyboards, percussion). simon davolls contributed backing vocals to many songs...
a barrel is a cylindrical container, traditionally made with wooden material. barrel may also refer to: barrel (balloon array for rbsp relativistic electron losses), a nasa mission barrel (album), a 1970 album by lee michaels barrel (horology), a watch component barrel (unit), several units of volume barrel (wine), for...
a binary prefix is a unit prefix that indicates a multiple of a unit of measurement by an integer power of two. the most commonly used binary prefixes are kibi (symbol ki, meaning 210= 1024), mebi (mi, 220 = ), and gibi (gi, 230 = ). they are most often used in information technology as multipliers of bit and byte, whe...
the national baseball hall of fame and museum is a history museum and hall of fame in cooperstown, new york, operated by private interests. it serves as the central point of the history of baseball in the united states and displays baseball-related artifacts and exhibits, honoring those who have excelled in playing, ma...
in computational complexity theory, a branch of computer science, bounded-error probabilistic polynomial time (bpp) is the class of decision problems solvable by a probabilistic turing machine in polynomial time with an error probability bounded by 1/3 for all instances. bpp is one of the largest practical classes of p...
in computational complexity theory, bounded-error quantum polynomial time (bqp) is the class of decision problems solvable by a quantum computer in polynomial time, with an error probability of at most 1/3 for all instances. it is the quantum analogue to the complexity class bpp. a decision problem is a member of bqp i...
blade runner 3: replicant night is a science fiction novel by an american writer k. w. jeter, first published in 1996. it is a continuation of jeter's novel blade runner 2: the edge of human, which was itself a sequel to both the film blade runner and the novel upon which the film was based, philip k. dick's do android...
blade runner 2: the edge of human (1995) is a science fiction novel by american writer k. w. jeter. it is a continuation of both the film blade runner and the novel upon which the film was based, philip k. dick's do androids dream of electric sheep? plot several months after the events depicted in blade runner, deckard...
brainfuck is an esoteric programming language created in 1993 by urban müller. notable for its extreme minimalism, the language consists of only eight simple commands, a data pointer and an instruction pointer. while it is fully turing complete, it is not intended for practical use, but to challenge and amuse programme...
bartolomeo ammannati (18 june 151113 april 1592) was an italian architect and sculptor, born at settignano, near florence, italy. he studied under baccio bandinelli and jacopo sansovino (assisting on the design of the library of st. mark's, the , venice) and closely imitated the style of michelangelo. he was more disti...
a bishop is an ordained member of the clergy who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. in christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. the role or office of bishop is called episcopacy. organizationally, several christian denominations util...
bertrand andrieu (24 november 1761 – 6 december 1822) was a french engraver of medals. he was born in bordeaux. in france, he was considered as the restorer of the art, which had declined after the time of louis xiv. during the last twenty years of his life, the french government commissioned him to undertake every maj...
bordeaux ( , ; gascon ; ) is a city on the river garonne in the gironde department, southwestern france. a port city, it is the capital of the nouvelle-aquitaine region, as well as the prefecture of the gironde department. its inhabitants are called "bordelais (masculine) or "bordelaises (feminine). the term "bordelais...
internationally known as bust-a-move, is a 1994 tile-matching puzzle arcade game developed and published by taito. it is based on the 1986 arcade game bubble bobble, featuring characters and themes from that game. its characteristically cute japanese animation and music, along with its play mechanics and level designs,...
a bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals. bones protect the various other organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility. bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have complex i...
bretwalda (also brytenwalda and bretenanwealda, sometimes capitalised) is an old english word. the first record comes from the late 9th-century anglo-saxon chronicle. it is given to some of the rulers of anglo-saxon kingdoms from the 5th century onwards who had achieved overlordship of some or all of the other anglo-sa...
brouwer's fixed-point theorem is a fixed-point theorem in topology, named after l. e. j. (bertus) brouwer. it states that for any continuous function mapping a nonempty compact convex set to itself, there is a point such that . the simplest forms of brouwer's theorem are for continuous functions from a closed interval ...
benzoic acid is a white (or colorless) solid organic compound with the formula , whose structure consists of a benzene ring () with a carboxyl () substituent. the benzoyl group is often abbreviated "bz" (not to be confused with "bn" which is used for benzyl), thus benzoic acid is also denoted as bzoh, since the benzoyl...
in statistical mechanics and mathematics, a boltzmann distribution (also called gibbs distribution) is a probability distribution or probability measure that gives the probability that a system will be in a certain state as a function of that state's energy and the temperature of the system. the distribution is express...
leg theory is a bowling tactic in the sport of cricket. the term leg theory is somewhat archaic, but the basic tactic remains a play in modern cricket. simply put, leg theory involves concentrating the bowling attack at or near the line of leg stump. this may or may not be accompanied by a concentration of fielders on ...
blythe katherine danner (born february 3, 1943) is an american actress. accolades she has received include two primetime emmy awards for best supporting actress in a drama series for her role as izzy huffstodt on huff (2004–2006), and a tony award for best actress for her performance in butterflies are free on broadway...
bioleaching is the extraction or liberation of metals from their ores through the use of living organisms. bioleaching is one of several applications within biohydrometallurgy and several methods are used to treat ores or concentrates containing copper, zinc, lead, arsenic, antimony, nickel, molybdenum, gold, silver, a...