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the politics of chad take place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the president of chad is both head of state and head of government. executive power is exercised by the government. legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. chad is one of the most corrupt countries in the world... |
the economy of chad suffers from the landlocked country's geographic remoteness, drought, lack of infrastructure, and political turmoil. about 85% of the population depends on agriculture, including the herding of livestock. of africa's francophone countries, chad benefited least from the 50% devaluation of their curre... |
telecommunications in chad include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the internet. radio and television radio stations: state-owned radio network, radiodiffusion nationale tchadienne (rnt), operates national and regional stations; about 10 private radio stations; some stations rebroadcast programs fro... |
transport infrastructure within chad is generally poor, especially in the north and east of the country. river transport is limited to the south-west corner. as of 2011 chad had no railways though two lines are planned - from the capital to the sudanese and cameroonian borders during the wet season, especially in the s... |
the chad national army (; , ant) consists of the five defence and security forces listed in article 185 of the chadian constitution that came into effect on 4 may 2018. these are the national army ((including ground forces, and air force), the national gendarmerie), the national police, the national and nomadic guard (... |
the foreign relations of chad are significantly influenced by the desire for oil revenue and investment in chadian oil industry and support for former chadian president idriss déby. chad is officially non-aligned but has close relations with france, the former colonial power. relations with neighbouring libya, and suda... |
commentary or commentaries may refer to: publications commentary (magazine), a u.s. public affairs journal, founded in 1945 and formerly published by the american jewish committee caesar's commentaries (disambiguation), a number of works by or attributed to julius caesar commentaries of ishodad of merv, set of ninth-ce... |
a colloid is a mixture in which one substance consisting of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance. some definitions specify that the particles must be dispersed in a liquid, while others extend the definition to include substances like aerosols and gels. the term colloi... |
chinese may refer to: something related to china chinese people, people identified with china, through nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity han chinese, east asian ethnic group native to china. zhonghua minzu, the supra-ethnic concept of the chinese nation list of ethnic groups in china, people of various ethnici... |
"riding shotgun" was a phrase used to describe the bodyguard who rides alongside a stagecoach driver, typically armed with a break-action shotgun, called a coach gun, to ward off bandits or hostile native americans. in modern use, it refers to the practice of sitting alongside the driver in a moving vehicle. the coinin... |
cooking, also known as cookery or professionally as the culinary arts, is the art, science and craft of using heat to make food more palatable, digestible, nutritious, or safe. cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ov... |
a card game is any game using playing cards as the primary device with which the game is played, be they traditional or game-specific. countless card games exist, including families of related games (such as poker). a small number of card games played with traditional decks have formally standardized rules with interna... |
cross-stitch is a form of sewing and a popular form of counted-thread embroidery in which x-shaped stitches in a tiled, raster-like pattern are used to form a picture. the stitcher counts the threads on a piece of evenweave fabric (such as linen) in each direction so that the stitches are of uniform size and appearance... |
games available in most casinos are commonly called casino games. in a casino game, the players gamble cash or casino chips on various possible random outcomes or combinations of outcomes. casino games are also available in online casinos, where permitted by law. casino games can also be played outside of casinos for e... |
a video game or computer game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface or input device (such as a joystick, controller, keyboard, or motion sensing device) to generate visual feedback from a display device, most commonly shown in a video format on a television set, computer monitor, flat-pa... |
the cambrian period ( ; sometimes symbolized ꞓ) is the first geological period of the paleozoic era, and of the phanerozoic eon. the cambrian lasted 53.4 million years from the end of the preceding ediacaran period 538.8 million years ago (mya) to the beginning of the ordovician period mya. its subdivisions, and its ba... |
in ontology, the theory of categories concerns itself with the categories of being: the highest genera or kinds of entities according to amie thomasson. to investigate the categories of being, or simply categories, is to determine the most fundamental and the broadest classes of entities. a distinction between such cat... |
concrete is a composite material composed of aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that cures over time. concrete is the second-most-used substance in the world after water, and is the most widely used building material. its usage worldwide, ton for ton, is twice that of steel, wood, plastics, and aluminium com... |
coitus interruptus, also known as withdrawal, pulling out or the pull-out method, is a method of birth control during penetrative sexual intercourse, whereby the penis is withdrawn from a vagina prior to ejaculation so that the ejaculate (semen) may be directed away from the vagina in an effort to avoid insemination. t... |
a condom is a sheath-shaped barrier device used during sexual intercourse to reduce the probability of pregnancy or a sexually transmitted infection (sti). there are both male and female condoms. the male condom is rolled onto an erect penis before intercourse and works by forming a physical barrier which blocks semen ... |
a country code is a short alphanumeric identification code for countries and dependent areas. its primary use is in data processing and communications. several identification systems have been developed. the term country code frequently refers to iso 3166-1 alpha-2, as well as the telephone country code, which is embod... |
cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. the evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived characteristics (synapomorphies) that are not present in more distant groups and... |
a calendar is a system of organizing days. this is done by giving names to periods of time, typically days, weeks, months and years. a date is the designation of a single and specific day within such a system. a calendar is also a physical record (often paper) of such a system. a calendar can also mean a list of planne... |
physical cosmology is a branch of cosmology concerned with the study of cosmological models. a cosmological model, or simply cosmology, provides a description of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the universe and allows study of fundamental questions about its origin, structure, evolution, and ultimate fate.... |
in physical cosmology, cosmic inflation, cosmological inflation, or just inflation, is a theory of exponential expansion of space in the early universe. the inflationary epoch is believed to have lasted from seconds to between and seconds after the big bang. following the inflationary period, the universe continued to ... |
the candela ( or ; symbol: cd) is the unit of luminous intensity in the international system of units (si). it measures luminous power per unit solid angle emitted by a light source in a particular direction. luminous intensity is analogous to radiant intensity, but instead of simply adding up the contributions of ever... |
condensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. more generally, the subject deals with condensed phases of matter: systems of many constituents wi... |
cultural anthropology is a branch of anthropology focused on the study of cultural variation among humans. it is in contrast to social anthropology, which perceives cultural variation as a subset of a posited anthropological constant. the term sociocultural anthropology includes both cultural and social anthropology tr... |
conversion of units is the conversion between different units of measurement for the same quantity, typically through multiplicative conversion factors which change the measured quantity value without changing its effects. unit conversion is often easier within the metric or the si than in others, due to the regular 10... |
a city is a human settlement of a notable size. it can be defined as a permanent and densely settled place with administratively defined boundaries whose members work primarily on non-agricultural tasks. cities generally have extensive systems for housing, transportation, sanitation, utilities, land use, production of ... |
chervil (; anthriscus cerefolium), sometimes called french parsley or garden chervil (to distinguish it from similar plants also called chervil), is a delicate annual herb related to parsley. it was formerly called myrhis due to its volatile oil with an aroma similar to the resinous substance myrrh. it is commonly used... |
chives, scientific name allium schoenoprasum, is a species of flowering plant in the family amaryllidaceae that produces edible leaves and flowers. their close relatives include the common onions, garlic, shallot, leek, scallion, and chinese onion. a perennial plant, it is widespread in nature across much of europe, as... |
christopher j. morris (born 15 june 1962) is an english comedian, radio presenter, actor, and filmmaker. known for his deadpan, dark humour, surrealism, and controversial subject matter, he has been praised by the british film institute for his "uncompromising, moralistic drive". in the early 1990s, morris teamed up wi... |
colorado (, other variants) is a state in the mountain west sub-region of the western united states. it encompasses most of the southern rocky mountains, as well as the northeastern portion of the colorado plateau and the western edge of the great plains. colorado is the eighth most extensive and 21st most populous u.s... |
the carboniferous ( ) is a geologic period and system of the paleozoic that spans 60 million years from the end of the devonian period million years ago (mya), to the beginning of the permian period, mya. the name carboniferous means "coal-bearing", from the latin ("coal") and ("bear, carry"), and refers to the many co... |
the comoros, officially the union of the comoros, is an archipelagic country made up of three islands in southeastern africa, located at the northern end of the mozambique channel in the indian ocean. its capital and largest city is moroni. the religion of the majority of the population, and the official state religion... |
the critical philosophy () movement, attributed to immanuel kant (1724–1804), sees the primary task of philosophy as criticism rather than justification of knowledge. criticism, for kant, meant judging as to the possibilities of knowledge before advancing to knowledge itself (from the greek kritike (techne), or "art of... |
china (), officially the people's republic of china (prc), is a country in east asia. it is the world's second-most-populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion. china spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, tied with russia as having the most of any country in the w... |
california is a state in the western united states. with over 38.9million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous u.s. state, the third-largest u.s. state by area, and the most populated subnational entity in north america. california borders oregon to the north, nevada and arizona to t... |
the columbia river (upper chinook: or ; sahaptin: nch’i-wàna or nchi wana; sinixt dialect ) is the largest river in the pacific northwest region of north america. the river forms in the rocky mountains of british columbia, canada. it flows northwest and then south into the u.s. state of washington, then turns west to f... |
commelinales is an order of flowering plants. it comprises five families: commelinaceae, haemodoraceae, hanguanaceae, philydraceae, and pontederiaceae. all the families combined contain over 885 species in about 70 genera; the majority of species are in the commelinaceae. plants in the order share a number of synapomor... |
the cucurbitales are an order of flowering plants, included in the rosid group of dicotyledons. this order mostly belongs to tropical areas, with limited presence in subtropical and temperate regions. the order includes shrubs and trees, together with many herbs and climbers. one major characteristic of the cucurbitale... |
contra dance (also contradance, contra-dance and other variant spellings) is a form of folk dancing made up of long lines of couples. it has mixed origins from english country dance, scottish country dance, and french dance styles in the 17th century. sometimes described as new england folk dance or appalachian folk da... |
coin collecting is the collecting of coins or other forms of minted legal tender. coins of interest to collectors often include those that were in circulation for only a brief time, coins with mint errors, and especially beautiful or historically significant pieces. coin collecting can be differentiated from numismatic... |
crokinole ( ) is a disk-flicking dexterity board game, possibly of canadian origin, similar to the games of pitchnut, carrom, and pichenotte, with elements of shuffleboard and curling reduced to table-top size. players take turns shooting discs across the circular playing surface, trying to land their discs in the high... |
capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. central characteristics of capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets, price systems, private property, property rights recognition, voluntary exchange, and wage labor. in a marke... |
cross ownership is a method of reinforcing business relationships by owning stock in the companies with which a given company does business. heavy cross ownership is referred to as circular ownership. in the us, "cross ownership" also refers to a type of investment in different mass-media properties in one market. cros... |
cardiology () is the study of the heart. cardiology is a branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the heart and the cardiovascular system. the field includes medical diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease, and electrophysiology. physici... |
is a japanese video game company. it has created a number of multi-million-selling game franchises, with its most commercially successful being resident evil, monster hunter, street fighter, mega man, devil may cry, dead rising, ace attorney, and marvel vs. capcom. mega man himself serves as the official mascot of the ... |
the history of cambodia, a country in mainland southeast asia, can be traced back to indian civilization. detailed records of a political structure on the territory of what is now cambodia first appear in chinese annals in reference to funan, a polity that encompassed the southernmost part of the indochinese peninsula ... |
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