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train/6000 | In this experiment, which were part of a control group? | [
"the mint plants that did not get earthworms",
"the mint plants that got earthworms"
] | 0 | The passage below describes an experiment.
Zeke grew ten on his back porch. He grew each plant in its own pot. Zeke noticed that his plants did not grow many leaves, and he wanted to see if earthworms could help them grow more.
Zeke divided his ten plants into two equal groups. He added three earthworms each to the s... | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | science-and-engineering-practices | Designing experiments | Identify control and experimental groups | Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to investigate whether changing a variable between different groups has a specific outcome.
For example, imagine you want to find out whether adding fertilizer to soil affects the height of pea plants. You could investigate this question wit... | In this experiment, Zeke investigated whether adding earthworms to soil affects how many leaves grow on mint plants. There were no earthworms in the soil of the mint plants that did not get earthworms. So, they were part of a control group. |
train/6001 | Based on the continuum scale, which planet is larger than Mars? | [
"Mercury",
"Earth"
] | 1 | This continuum scale shows the sizes of the inner planets of our solar system. | closed choice | grade5 | language science | writing-strategies | Visual elements | Read graphic organizers | A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another.
When you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this ca... | A continuum scale compares things by ordering them along a line. This continuum scale shows the sizes of the inner planets of our solar system.
Smaller planets are shown to the left. Larger planets are shown to the right. Earth is shown farther to the right than Mars. So, Earth is larger than Mars. |
train/6002 | Which better describes the Kermadec Arc ecosystem? | [
"It has no sunlight. It also has many large swimming organisms.",
"It has no sunlight. It also has organisms that crawl or stick to the ground."
] | 1 | Figure: Kermadec Arc.
The Kermadec Arc is a deep sea ecosystem in the southern Pacific Ocean. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | biology | Ecosystems | Describe ecosystems | An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:
the pattern of weather, or climate
the type of soil or water
the organisms that live there | The deep sea is a type of ecosystem. Deep sea ecosystems have the following features: water at the bottom of the ocean, no sunlight, and organisms that crawl or stick to the ground. So, the Kermadec Arc has no sunlight. It also has organisms that crawl or stick to the ground. |
train/6003 | What is the capital of Michigan? | [
"Detroit",
"Lansing",
"Des Moines",
"Lincoln"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade5 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the Midwest | Lansing is the capital of Michigan. | ||
train/6004 | Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? | [
"The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.",
"The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2.",
"The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1."
] | 0 | The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | physics | Magnets | Compare strengths of magnetic forces | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.
These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. | Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.
So, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. |
train/6005 | Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? | [
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2."
] | 2 | The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes and shapes. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | physics | Velocity, acceleration, and forces | Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.
The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets,... | The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.
Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the ... |
train/6006 | Which animal's mouth is also adapted for gnawing? | [
"cougar",
"Podolsk mole rat"
] | 1 | Brown rats eat plant matter, such as leaves, stems, and seeds. They eat by biting off small pieces at a time, or gnawing. The rat's mouth is adapted for gnawing.
Figure: brown rat. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | biology | Adaptations | Animal adaptations: beaks, mouths, and necks | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear ... | Look at the picture of the brown rat.
The brown rat has large front teeth. Its mouth is adapted for gnawing. The large front teeth can help the brown rat break off pieces of food that it can swallow.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The Podolsk mole rat has large front teeth. I... |
train/6007 | Which property do these two objects have in common? | [
"yellow",
"stretchy"
] | 0 | Select the better answer. | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | physics | Materials | Compare properties of objects | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.
Different objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. | Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
Yellow is a color.
This color is yellow. Both objects are yellow.
A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The gold nugget is not stretchy.
The property that both objects have in common is yellow. |
train/6008 | What is the capital of Maryland? | [
"Annapolis",
"Athens",
"Davenport",
"Dallas"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade3 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the Northeast | Annapolis is the capital of Maryland. | ||
train/6009 | Which bird's beak is also adapted to filter through mud? | [
"common nighthawk",
"black swan"
] | 1 | Northern pintails eat plants that grow underwater or in mud. The shape of the 's beak is adapted to filter through mud for food.
The gathers muddy water in its beak and then pushes it out through gaps along the sides. Bits of food, such as plant roots, are left behind inside the pintail's beak.
Figure: northern pintai... | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | biology | Adaptations | Animal adaptations: beaks, mouths, and necks | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. ... | Look at the picture of the northern pintail.
The northern pintail has a wide, flat beak. Its beak is adapted to filter through mud. The northern pintail gathers muddy water in its beak. Then, it pushes the water out through gaps along the sides of the beak. Bits of food, such as plant roots, are left behind inside the ... |
train/6010 | Which better describes the tide pool ecosystems in Tongue Point Marine Life Sanctuary? | [
"It has daily flooding and draining of seawater. It also has water that is rich in nutrients.",
"It has no sunlight. It also has daily flooding and draining of seawater."
] | 0 | Figure: Tongue Point Marine Life Sanctuary.
Tongue Point Marine Life Sanctuary is in western Washington State. The park is on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. It has many tide pool ecosystems. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | biology | Ecosystems | Describe ecosystems | An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:
the pattern of weather, or climate
the type of soil or water
the organisms that live there | A tide pool is a type of ecosystem. Tide pool ecosystems have the following features: daily flooding and draining of seawater, water that is rich in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, the tide pool ecosystems in Tongue Point Marine Life Sanctuary have daily flooding and draining of seawater. They als... |
train/6011 | Which of these states is farthest west? | [
"Connecticut",
"Maine",
"Pennsylvania",
"Vermont"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade2 | social science | geography | Geography | Read a map: cardinal directions | Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.
A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.
The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north... | To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Pennsylvania is farthest west. | |
train/6012 | Which property do these three objects have in common? | [
"blue",
"scratchy",
"transparent"
] | 1 | Select the best answer. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | physics | Materials | Compare properties of objects | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.
Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. | Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
You can see clearly through a transparent object. None of the objects are transparent.
A scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. All three objects are scratchy.
Blue is a color.
This color is blue. None of the objects are blue.
The prop... |
train/6013 | In this food chain, the diatom is a producer. Why? | [
"It eats a consumer.",
"It makes its own food.",
"It eats another organism."
] | 1 | This diagram shows a food chain from a tropical coral reef ecosystem off the coast of Australia. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | biology | Ecosystems | Identify roles in food chains | Every organism needs food to stay alive. Organisms get their food in different ways. A food chain shows how organisms in an ecosystem get their food.
The food chain begins with the producer. A producer can change matter that is not food into food. Many producers use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make sugar. Ca... | In this food chain, the diatom is a producer because it makes its own food. The diatom uses carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make its own food. |
train/6014 | Which country is highlighted? | [
"New Zealand",
"Papua New Guinea",
"Solomon Islands",
"Australia"
] | 3 | closed choice | grade6 | social science | geography | Oceania: geography | Identify and select countries of Oceania | This country is Australia.
Is Australia a country or a continent?
Both! Australia is a country in Oceania, a region made up of many lands and islands in the Pacific Ocean. Many people say that Australia is the world's smallest continent. But some people call Oceania a continent instead. | ||
train/6015 | Which animal is also adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert? | [
"bearded dragon",
"scarlet snake"
] | 0 | Camels live in dry places such as deserts. The is adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert.
Figure: camel. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | biology | Adaptations | Animal adaptations: skins and body coverings | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal... | Look at the picture of the camel.
The camel has sand-colored fur covering its skin. It is adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert. The word camouflage means to blend in.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The bearded dragon has a sand-colored body. It is adapted to be camoufl... |
train/6016 | Select the bird below. | [
"Chinese alligator",
"pelican"
] | 1 | Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak. A keel-billed toucan is an example of a bird. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | biology | Classification | Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians | Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.
Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. | A pelican is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.
Brown pelicans live near water. They can dive underwater to catch fish.
A Chinese alligator is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.
Alligators live in and around water. They can live near ponds, rivers, marshes, and lakes. |
train/6017 | Which continent is highlighted? | [
"South America",
"Antarctica",
"Africa",
"Asia"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade3 | social science | geography | Geography | Identify oceans and continents | A continent is one of the seven largest areas of land on earth. | This continent is Antarctica. | |
train/6018 | Which material is this aluminum foil made of? | [
"plastic",
"metal"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | physics | Materials | Identify materials in objects | A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. | Look at the picture of the aluminum foil.
Aluminum foil is made of metal.
Aluminum foil is made by pressing large blocks of aluminum until they are flat. The blocks of aluminum are large and heavy. They weigh over 10,000 pounds! | |
train/6019 | What is the name of the colony shown? | [
"Connecticut",
"North Carolina",
"Maryland",
"Indiana"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade7 | social science | us-history | Colonial America | Identify the Thirteen Colonies | The colony is North Carolina. | ||
train/6020 | Which state is highlighted? | [
"Oregon",
"California",
"Montana",
"Nevada"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade5 | social science | geography | States | Identify the 50 states | This state is Montana. | ||
train/6021 | Which statement describes the Catoctin Mountain Park ecosystem? | [
"It has only a few types of trees.",
"It has soil that is poor in nutrients."
] | 0 | Figure: Catoctin Mountain Park.
Catoctin Mountain Park is a temperate deciduous forest ecosystem in Maryland. Most of this forest was cut down for its wood in the early 1900s. But since the 1940s, conservation efforts have allowed the forest to return to much of this park. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | biology | Ecosystems | Describe ecosystems | An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.
There are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestri... | A temperate deciduous forest is a type of ecosystem. Temperate deciduous forests have the following features: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. So, the following statements describe the Catoctin Mountain Park ecosystem: warm, wet summers and cold, we... |
train/6022 | What is the capital of Vermont? | [
"Olympia",
"Concord",
"Burlington",
"Montpelier"
] | 3 | closed choice | grade3 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the Northeast | Montpelier is the capital of Vermont. | ||
train/6023 | Select the fish below. | [
"green chameleon",
"goldfish",
"fruit bat",
"great crested newt"
] | 1 | Fish live underwater. They have fins, not limbs.
Fish are cold-blooded. The body temperature of cold-blooded animals depends on their environment.
A tiger shark is an example of a fish. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | biology | Classification | Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians | Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.
Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. | A green chameleon is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.
Chameleons eat insects. They use their long, sticky tongues to catch their prey.
A fruit bat is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.
Fruit bats eat fruit and drink nectar from flowers. They have special teeth to help them bite through fruit skins... |
train/6024 | Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature? | [
"sample A",
"neither; the samples have the same temperature",
"sample B"
] | 0 | The diagrams below show two pure samples of gas in identical closed, rigid containers. Each colored ball represents one gas particle. Both samples have the same number of particles. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | physics | Particle motion and energy | Identify how particle motion affects temperature and pressure | The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.
The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of... | Each particle in the two samples has the same mass, but the particles in sample A have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.
Because the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sampl... |
train/6025 | Will these magnets attract or repel each other? | [
"repel",
"attract"
] | 1 | Two magnets are placed as shown. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | physics | Magnets | Identify magnets that attract or repel | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.
Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.
Here are some examples of magnets. The no... | To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.
The north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. |
train/6026 | Will these magnets attract or repel each other? | [
"repel",
"attract"
] | 0 | Two magnets are placed as shown. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | physics | Magnets | Identify magnets that attract or repel | Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.
Magnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (... | To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.
The south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. |
train/6027 | What can Perry and Antonio trade to each get what they want? | [
"Antonio can trade his almonds for Perry's tomatoes.",
"Perry can trade his tomatoes for Antonio's sandwich.",
"Perry can trade his tomatoes for Antonio's broccoli.",
"Antonio can trade his broccoli for Perry's oranges."
] | 2 | Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another.
Perry and Antonio open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Perry wanted ... | closed choice | grade6 | social science | economics | Basic economic principles | Trade and specialization | Perry wanted broccoli in his lunch and Antonio was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images.
Perry has tomatoes. Antonio has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want. | |
train/6028 | Is the following statement about our solar system true or false?
Earth is the largest planet that is made mainly of rock. | [
"true",
"false"
] | 0 | Use the data to answer the question below. | true-or false | grade8 | natural science | earth-science | Astronomy | Analyze data to compare properties of planets | A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.
The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.
The volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.
For ex... | The table tells you that Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are the planets made mainly of rock. Of these planets, Earth has the volume with the largest exponent. So, Earth is the largest planet that is made mainly of rock. |
train/6029 | Look at the models of molecules below. Select the elementary substance. | [
"ethane",
"carbon tetraiodide",
"oxygen"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | chemistry | Atoms and molecules | Identify elementary substances and compounds using models | There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.
A substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are ... | ||
train/6030 | Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? | [
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1."
] | 2 | The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | physics | Velocity, acceleration, and forces | Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.
The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets,... | The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.
Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magni... |
train/6031 | Will these magnets attract or repel each other? | [
"attract",
"repel"
] | 0 | Two magnets are placed as shown. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | physics | Magnets | Identify magnets that attract or repel | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.
Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south.
Here are some examples of magnets. The no... | To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.
The south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other. |
train/6032 | Will these magnets attract or repel each other? | [
"repel",
"attract"
] | 0 | Two magnets are placed as shown. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | physics | Magnets | Identify magnets that attract or repel | Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.
Magnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (... | To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.
The south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. |
train/6033 | What is the capital of Oklahoma? | [
"Little Rock",
"Tulsa",
"Oklahoma City",
"Trenton"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade5 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the Southeast | Oklahoma City is the capital of Oklahoma. | ||
train/6034 | Identify the question that Julia and Andy's experiment can best answer. | [
"Does Julia's snowboard slide down a hill in less time when it has a layer of wax or when it does not have a layer of wax?",
"Does Julia's snowboard slide down a hill in less time when it has a thin layer of wax or a thick layer of wax?"
] | 0 | The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below.
Julia applied a thin layer of wax to the underside of her snowboard and rode the board straight down a hill. Then, she removed the wax and rode the snowboard straight down the hill again. She repeated the rides four mor... | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | science-and-engineering-practices | Designing experiments | Identify the experimental question | Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.
Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was gr... | |
train/6035 | What is the name of the colony shown? | [
"West Virginia",
"Virginia",
"Delaware",
"North Carolina"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade4 | social science | us-history | English colonies in North America | Identify the Thirteen Colonies | The colony is Virginia.
The Virginia Colony included land that would later become part of the state of West Virginia. West Virginia was never its own colony. | ||
train/6036 | Identify the question that Shawn's experiment can best answer. | [
"Do bananas develop more brown spots when they are kept at room temperature compared to in a cold refrigerator?",
"Do bananas develop more brown spots if they are kept in bags with holes compared to bags without holes?"
] | 1 | The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below.
Shawn divided 40 evenly among eight paper bags and sealed the bags. He poked 20 small holes in four of the bags and left the other four without holes. He kept the bags at room temperature for three days. Then, Shawn op... | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | science-and-engineering-practices | Designing experiments | Identify the experimental question | Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.
Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was gr... | |
train/6037 | Complete the sentence.
The mutation in the () affected the structure and function of the (). | [
"ULTRAPETALA1 protein . . . ULT1 gene",
"ULT1 gene . . . ULTRAPETALA1 protein"
] | 1 | The following passage describes the effects of a gene mutation, which is a permanent change in a gene. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below.
Some plant proteins control how flowers grow and develop. In Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) plants, one of these proteins is called ULTRAPETALA1. The ULTRA... | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Describe the effects of gene mutations on organisms | An organism's genes contain information about its proteins. Each gene encodes, or contains the instructions for making, one protein or a group of proteins.
A permanent change in a gene is called a mutation. Because a mutation changes a gene, the mutation may change the structure of the protein encoded by that gene.
The... | A mutation in a gene may affect the protein it encodes.
So, the mutation in the ULT1 gene affected the structure and function of the ULTRAPETALA1 protein. |
train/6038 | Which month has the lowest average temperature in Amsterdam? | [
"January",
"February",
"November"
] | 1 | Use the graph to answer the question below. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | earth-science | Weather and climate | Use climate data to make predictions | Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Temperature is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average temperature for each month. The average temperature can be used to describe the climate of a location.
A line graph can be used t... | To describe the average temperature trends in Amsterdam, look at the graph.
Choice "Feb" is incorrect.
Choice "Nov" is incorrect.
Choice "Jan" is incorrect.
The average temperature in February is around 2°C. This is the lowest average temperature of all of the months. |
train/6039 | Which of the following was an independent variable in this experiment? | [
"the number of days until a seed germinated",
"the temperature of the heating pad"
] | 1 | The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and think about the variables that are described.
Pablo wanted to grow cucumbers from seeds. He read that using a heating pad to heat up potting soil could help make seeds germinate, or sprout, faster. Pablo wondered whether the temperature of the heating pad... | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | science-and-engineering-practices | Designing experiments | Identify independent and dependent variables | Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to find out how one variable affects another variable. For example, imagine that you want to find out if fertilizer affects the number of tomatoes a tomato plant grows. To answer this question, you decide to set up two equal groups of tomato... | |
train/6040 | Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? | [
"The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1.",
"The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.",
"The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2."
] | 1 | The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | physics | Magnets | Compare strengths of magnetic forces | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.
These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. | Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same.
So, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. |
train/6041 | Which animal's limbs are also adapted for swimming? | [
"nilgai",
"California sea lion"
] | 1 | Humpback whales are found in the world's oceans. They live underwater, but come to the surface to breathe air.
The has flippers for limbs. Its limbs are adapted for swimming.
Figure: humpback whale. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | biology | Adaptations | Animal adaptations: feet and limbs | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
Arms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For examp... | Look at the picture of the humpback whale.
The humpback whale uses its flippers to help push itself through water. The flippers can also help it change direction while swimming.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The California sea lion has flippers. Its limbs are adapted for swi... |
train/6042 | Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? | [
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs."
] | 0 | The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | physics | Velocity, acceleration, and forces | Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.
The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets,... | Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.
There is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. |
train/6043 | Which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles? | [
"neither; their concentrations are the same",
"Solution B",
"Solution A"
] | 2 | The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each pink ball represents one particle of solute. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | chemistry | Solutions | Compare concentrations of solutions | A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution... | In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.
Use the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter.
... |
train/6044 | Which bird's beak is also adapted to crack hard seeds? | [
"indigo bunting",
"Asian openbill"
] | 0 | Evening grosbeaks eat small, hard seeds. The shape of the 's beak is adapted to crack open small, hard seeds.
Figure: evening grosbeak. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | biology | Adaptations | Animal adaptations: beaks, mouths, and necks | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. ... | Look at the picture of the evening grosbeak.
The evening grosbeak has a short, thick beak. Its beak is adapted to crack hard seeds. The evening grosbeak uses its short, thick beak to press down on a seed and crack open its hard shell.
Now look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.
The indigo bun... |
train/6045 | What is the capital of Pennsylvania? | [
"Pittsburgh",
"Philadelphia",
"Harrisburg",
"Montpelier"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade4 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the Northeast | Harrisburg is the capital of Pennsylvania. | ||
train/6046 | Which part of the watermelon plant makes the seeds? | [
"the fruit",
"the flowers"
] | 1 | A watermelon plant can grow seeds. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | biology | Plants | Describe and construct flowering plant life cycles | Many plants have flowers. These plants can use their flowers to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do plants use their flowers to reproduce?
First, the male part of the flower makes pollen, and the female part makes eggs. Animals, wind, or water can move pollen. Pollination is what happens when pollen i... | Flowers make seeds. After a flower is pollinated, male cells from the pollen combine with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds.
The fruit can grow around the seeds. But the fruit does not make seeds. Both the fruit and the seeds grow from parts of the flower. |
train/6047 | What is the capital of Maryland? | [
"Jefferson City",
"Albany",
"Annapolis",
"Dover"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade4 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the Northeast | Annapolis is the capital of Maryland. | ||
train/6048 | Which of these states is farthest west? | [
"Massachusetts",
"South Dakota",
"South Carolina",
"Maine"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade4 | social science | geography | Maps | Read a map: cardinal directions | Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.
A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.
The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north... | To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. South Dakota is farthest west. | |
train/6049 | Complete the sentence.
The mutation in the () affected the structure and function of the (). | [
"GA 3-oxidase protein . . . LH gene",
"LH gene . . . GA 3-oxidase protein"
] | 1 | The following passage describes the effects of a gene mutation, which is a permanent change in a gene. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below.
A pea plant's height is affected by substances that are made inside the plant's cells. One of these substances is called gibberellin.
Gibberellin is made in a ... | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Describe the effects of gene mutations on organisms | An organism's genes contain information about its proteins. Each gene encodes, or contains the instructions for making, one protein or a group of proteins.
A permanent change in a gene is called a mutation. Because a mutation changes a gene, the mutation may change the structure of the protein encoded by that gene.
The... | A mutation in a gene may affect the protein it encodes.
So, the mutation in the LH gene affected the structure and function of the GA 3-oxidase protein. |
train/6050 | Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? | [
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs."
] | 1 | The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | physics | Velocity, acceleration, and forces | Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.
The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets,... | The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.
Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the ... |
train/6051 | Complete the statement.
Hydrazine is (). | [
"an elementary substance",
"a compound"
] | 1 | The model below represents a molecule of hydrazine. Hydrazine is used in some types of rocket fuels. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | chemistry | Atoms and molecules | Classify elementary substances and compounds using models | All substances are made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds.
Every chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some element... | Count the number of chemical elements represented in the model. Then, decide if hydrazine is an elementary substance or a compound.
In this model, each ball is labeled with N for nitrogen or H for hydrogen. So, the model shows you that hydrazine is made of two chemical elements bonded together.
Substances made of two o... |
train/6052 | Which country is highlighted? | [
"Samoa",
"Papua New Guinea",
"New Zealand",
"Australia"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade8 | social science | geography | Oceania: geography | Identify and select countries of Oceania | This country is New Zealand. | ||
train/6053 | Which of these states is farthest south? | [
"Colorado",
"Pennsylvania",
"Oregon",
"Connecticut"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade4 | social science | geography | Maps | Read a map: cardinal directions | Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.
A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.
The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north... | To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Colorado is farthest south. | |
train/6054 | Which ocean is highlighted? | [
"the Atlantic Ocean",
"the Pacific Ocean",
"the Arctic Ocean",
"the Southern Ocean"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade8 | social science | geography | Physical Geography | Oceans and continents | Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. | This is the Atlantic Ocean. | |
train/6055 | Identify the question that Jack's experiment can best answer. | [
"Do steel nails take fewer days to rust in water compared to vinegar?",
"Do steel nails rust in fewer days when submerged in a large volume of liquid compared to a small volume?"
] | 0 | The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below.
Jack put one two-inch steel nail into each of six test tubes. He added water to three of the test tubes and vinegar to the other three. In each test tube, he completely covered the nail with the same volume of liquid. J... | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | science-and-engineering-practices | Designing experiments | Identify the experimental question | Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. How can you identify the questions that a certain experiment can answer? In order to do this, you need to figure out what was tested and what was measured during the experiment.
Imagine an experiment with two groups of daffodil plants. One group of plants was gr... | |
train/6056 | What is the capital of Rhode Island? | [
"Augusta",
"Newport",
"Trenton",
"Providence"
] | 3 | closed choice | grade3 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the Northeast | Providence is the capital of Rhode Island. | ||
train/6057 | Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? | [
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1."
] | 0 | The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different shapes. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | physics | Velocity, acceleration, and forces | Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.
The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets,... | Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.
So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. |
train/6058 | Which continent is highlighted? | [
"Europe",
"South America",
"North America",
"Antarctica"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade6 | social science | geography | Physical Geography | Oceans and continents | A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. | This continent is North America. | |
train/6059 | Which property matches this object? | [
"scratchy",
"yellow"
] | 1 | Select the better answer. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | physics | Materials | Identify properties of an object | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. | Look at the object.
Think about each property.
Yellow is a color.
This color is yellow. The rubber duck is yellow.
A scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. The rubber duck is not scratchy. |
train/6060 | Is schist a mineral or a rock? | [
"mineral",
"rock"
] | 1 | Schist has the following properties:
solid
found in nature
no fixed crystal structure
hard
made mostly of pyroxene
not made by living things | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | earth-science | Rocks and minerals | Identify rocks and minerals | Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.
Minerals and rocks have the following properties:
Property | Mineral | Rock
It is a solid. | Yes | Yes
It is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes
It is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes
It is a pure substance. | Yes | No
It has a fixed cry... | The properties of schist match the properties of a rock. So, schist is a rock. |
train/6061 | What is the name of the colony shown? | [
"Maryland",
"New Hampshire",
"South Carolina",
"Georgia"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade7 | social science | us-history | Colonial America | Identify the Thirteen Colonies | The colony is Maryland. | ||
train/6062 | Which property do these four objects have in common? | [
"transparent",
"slippery",
"opaque"
] | 1 | Select the best answer. | closed choice | grade5 | natural science | physics | Materials | Compare properties of objects | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.
Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects... | Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
A slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. All four objects are slippery.
An opaque object does not let light through. The wet bar of soap is opaque, but the wet ice cube and the jello are not.
You can see clearly through a transparent objec... |
train/6063 | Which property do these two objects have in common? | [
"soft",
"slippery"
] | 1 | Select the better answer. | closed choice | grade2 | natural science | physics | Materials | Compare properties of objects | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.
Different objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. | Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
A soft object changes shape when you squeeze it. The ice hockey rink is not soft.
A slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. Both objects are slippery.
The property that both objects have in common is slippery. |
train/6064 | Which animal's skin is better adapted to hurt an attacking predator? | [
"thorny devil",
"European robin"
] | 0 | Echidnas have sharp spines covering much of their skin. These spines are called quills. The skin of the is adapted to hurt an attacking predator.
Figure: echidna. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | biology | Adaptations | Animal adaptations: skins and body coverings | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal... | Look at the picture of the echidna.
The echidna has sharp spines on its skin. Its skin is adapted to hurt an attacking predator. The spines can harm a predator that tries to bite the echidna.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The thorny devil has sharp spines on its skin. Its sk... |
train/6065 | What is the expected ratio of offspring that do not have Marfan syndrome to offspring that have Marfan syndrome? Choose the most likely ratio. | [
"4:0",
"0:4",
"3:1",
"1:3",
"2:2"
] | 1 | This passage describes the Marfan syndrome trait in humans:
Marfan syndrome is a condition that affects a protein called fibrillin. Fibrillin helps support many parts of the human body and also affects growth. Humans with Marfan syndrome tend to be taller than average and have long limbs, fingers, and toes. They may al... | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Use Punnett squares to calculate ratios of offspring types | Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?
How do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to a... | To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring that do or do not have Marfan syndrome, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the Marfan syndrome trait. The question tells you that the M allele, which is for having Marfan syndrome, is dominant over the m ... |
train/6066 | Which animal's feet are also adapted for walking on large, floating leaves? | [
"ostrich",
"northern jacana"
] | 1 | s live near rivers and lakes. They eat insects and snails that live on plants floating on the surface of the water.
The feet of the jacana are adapted for walking on large, floating leaves. The jacana uses its feet to spread its weight out over a wide area. This helps the bird walk on the leaves without sinking into th... | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | biology | Adaptations | Animal adaptations: feet and limbs | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur m... | Look at the picture of the African jacana.
The African jacana uses its toes to spread its weight out over a large area. This can help it walk on leaves without sinking into the water.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The northern jacana has long, thin toes on its feet. Its feet... |
train/6067 | What is the capital of Nevada? | [
"Carson City",
"Trenton",
"Las Vegas",
"Salem"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade3 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the West | Carson City is the capital of Nevada. | ||
train/6068 | What can Patty and Tisha trade to each get what they want? | [
"Tisha can trade her broccoli for Patty's oranges.",
"Patty can trade her tomatoes for Tisha's broccoli.",
"Tisha can trade her almonds for Patty's tomatoes.",
"Patty can trade her tomatoes for Tisha's carrots."
] | 1 | Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another.
Patty and Tisha open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Patty nor Tisha got everything that they wanted. The tabl... | closed choice | grade8 | social science | economics | Basic economic principles | Trade and specialization | Look at the table and images.
Patty wants broccoli. Tisha wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. | |
train/6069 | During this time, thermal energy was transferred from () to (). | [
"the surroundings . . . each greenhouse",
"each greenhouse . . . the surroundings"
] | 0 | Two identical greenhouses were next to each other. There were solar panels on the roof of one greenhouse but not on the roof of the other greenhouse. This table shows how the temperature of each greenhouse changed over 2hours. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | physics | Thermal energy | Compare thermal energy transfers | A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:
An increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.
A decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, th... | The temperature of each greenhouse increased, which means that the thermal energy of each greenhouse increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each greenhouse. |
train/6070 | Which statement describes the Białowieża Forest ecosystem? | [
"It has soil that is poor in nutrients.",
"It has soil that is rich in nutrients."
] | 1 | Figure: Białowieża Forest.
The Białowieża Forest is a temperate deciduous forest ecosystem located in Poland and Belarus. It is one of the largest and oldest forests in Europe. | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | biology | Ecosystems | Describe ecosystems | An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.
There are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestri... | A temperate deciduous forest is a type of ecosystem. Temperate deciduous forests have the following features: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. So, the following statements describe the Białowieża Forest ecosystem: warm, wet summers and cold, wet win... |
train/6071 | Is the following statement about our solar system true or false?
50% of the planets are made mainly of gas. | [
"false",
"true"
] | 0 | Use the data to answer the question below. | true-or false | grade6 | natural science | earth-science | Astronomy | Analyze data to compare properties of planets | A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.
The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. | The table tells you that two out of the eight planets are made mainly of gas. So, one-fourth, or 25%, of the planets are made mainly of gas. |
train/6072 | According to the text, what evidence of a volcanic eruption did the captain observe? | [
"He heard a report on the radio warning about a volcanic eruption.",
"He smelled sulfur and then realized it was not coming from his boat.",
"He knew his crew had finished putting their fishing lines in the ocean."
] | 1 | Before sunrise on November 14, 1963, the crew of the fishing boat Isleifur II had just finished putting their lines in the ocean off the southern coast of Iceland. As the crew waited to have breakfast, a strong smell of sulfur drifted over the boat. At first, crew members thought that the cook had burned the eggs or th... | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | literacy-in-science | Ecological interactions | Investigate primary succession on a volcanic island | ||
train/6073 | What is the expected ratio of offspring that have Thomsen disease to offspring that do not have Thomsen disease? Choose the most likely ratio. | [
"2:2",
"4:0",
"0:4",
"3:1",
"1:3"
] | 0 | This passage describes the Thomsen disease trait in humans:
Thomsen disease is a condition that causes temporary muscle stiffness. When a human with Thomsen disease first contracts a resting muscle, the muscle is slow to relax and may stay contracted for a while. But after repeated use, the muscle can contract and rela... | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Use Punnett squares to calculate ratios of offspring types | Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?
How do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to a... | To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring that do or do not have Thomsen disease, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the Thomsen disease trait. The question tells you that the m allele, which is for not having Thomsen disease, is recessive to the... |
train/6074 | Which three months have over 200millimeters of precipitation in Singapore? | [
"February, March, and April",
"May, June, and July",
"November, December, and January"
] | 2 | Use the graph to answer the question below. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | earth-science | Weather and climate | Use climate data to make predictions | Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location.
A... | To describe the average precipitation trends in Singapore, look at the graph.
Choice "Jan" is incorrect.
Choice "Feb" is incorrect.
Choice "Mar" is incorrect.
Choice "Apr" is incorrect.
Choice "May" is incorrect.
Choice "Jun" is incorrect.
Choice "Jul" is incorrect.
Choice "Nov" is incorrect.
Choice "Dec" is incorrect.... |
train/6075 | What is the probability that a budgerigar parakeet produced by this cross will have blue body feathers? | [
"1/4",
"0/4",
"3/4",
"2/4",
"4/4"
] | 4 | In a group of budgerigar parakeets, some individuals have green body feathers and others have blue body feathers. In this group, the gene for the body feather color trait has two alleles. The allele for blue body feathers (b) is recessive to the allele for green body feathers (B).
This Punnett square shows a cross betw... | closed choice | grade8 | natural science | biology | Genes to traits | Use Punnett squares to calculate probabilities of offspring types | Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?
How do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to a... | |
train/6076 | Which country is highlighted? | [
"Nauru",
"New Zealand",
"Kiribati",
"Australia"
] | 3 | closed choice | grade8 | social science | geography | Oceania: geography | Identify and select countries of Oceania | This country is Australia.
Is Australia a country or a continent?
Both! Australia is a country in Oceania, a region made up of many lands and islands in the Pacific Ocean. Many people say that Australia is the world's smallest continent. But some people call Oceania a continent instead. | ||
train/6077 | What is the capital of Kentucky? | [
"Atlanta",
"Frankfort",
"Carson City",
"Nashville"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade5 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the Southeast | Frankfort is the capital of Kentucky. | ||
train/6078 | Select the bird below. | [
"robin",
"porcupinefish",
"tiger shark",
"great crested newt"
] | 0 | Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak.
Birds are warm-blooded. Warm-blooded animals can control their body temperature.
A red-tailed hawk is an example of a bird. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | biology | Classification | Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians | Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.
Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. | A porcupinefish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.
Porcupinefish can puff up their bodies with air or water to scare off predators.
A robin is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.
A robin is a songbird. It sings different songs at different times of the day.
A great crested newt is an am... |
train/6079 | What is the capital of Connecticut? | [
"Providence",
"Albany",
"Hartford",
"Bridgeport"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade4 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the Northeast | Hartford is the capital of Connecticut. | ||
train/6080 | Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? | [
"The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1.",
"The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.",
"The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2."
] | 2 | The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material. | closed choice | grade3 | natural science | physics | Magnets | Compare strengths of magnetic forces | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart.
These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.
You c... | Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker.
The magnets in Pair 2 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. |
train/6081 | Select the organism in the same species as the Grevy's zebra. | [
"Macropus giganteus",
"Equus grevyi",
"Macropus rufus"
] | 1 | This organism is a Grevy's zebra. Its scientific name is Equus grevyi. | closed choice | grade4 | natural science | biology | Scientific names | Use scientific names to classify organisms | Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.
The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.
A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms... | A Grevy's zebra's scientific name is Equus grevyi.
Macropus rufus does not have the same scientific name as a Grevy's zebra. So, Equus grevyi and Macropus rufus are not in the same species.
Macropus giganteus does not have the same scientific name as a Grevy's zebra. So, Equus grevyi and Macropus giganteus are not in t... |
train/6082 | What is the capital of New Hampshire? | [
"Newport",
"Concord",
"Boston",
"Albany"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade5 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the Northeast | Concord is the capital of New Hampshire. | ||
train/6083 | Which continent is highlighted? | [
"Africa",
"North America",
"Europe",
"Australia"
] | 3 | closed choice | grade5 | social science | geography | Oceans and continents | Identify oceans and continents | A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. | This continent is Australia. | |
train/6084 | What is the capital of Kansas? | [
"Frankfort",
"Des Moines",
"Topeka",
"Jefferson City"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade5 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the Midwest | Topeka is the capital of Kansas. | ||
train/6085 | What is the capital of Pennsylvania? | [
"Pittsburgh",
"Harrisburg",
"Hartford",
"Nashville"
] | 1 | closed choice | grade4 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify state capitals of the Northeast | Harrisburg is the capital of Pennsylvania. | ||
train/6086 | Is the following statement about our solar system true or false?
There are twice as many ice planets as rocky planets. | [
"false",
"true"
] | 0 | Use the data to answer the question below. | true-or false | grade7 | natural science | earth-science | Astronomy | Analyze data to compare properties of planets | A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.
The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. | The table tells you that there are two ice planets and four rocky planets. So, there are half as many ice planets as rocky planets. |
train/6087 | Is the following statement about our solar system true or false?
The volume of Mars is more than ten times as large as Mercury's. | [
"false",
"true"
] | 0 | Use the data to answer the question below. | true-or false | grade8 | natural science | earth-science | Astronomy | Analyze data to compare properties of planets | A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.
The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.
The volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.
For ex... | To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of ten times the volume of Mercury.
Then compare the result to the volume of Mars. The volume of Mars is 1.63 x 10^11 km^3, which is less than 6.08 x 10^11 km^3. So, the volume of Mars is less than ten times as large as Mercury's. |
train/6088 | Which of the following could Leon's test show? | [
"how well the weather station would work when it was windy",
"if the weather station would work when the temperature was 50°C"
] | 1 | People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design.
The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the ques... | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | science-and-engineering-practices | Engineering practices | Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions | People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured.
Imagine an engineer needs to design a... | |
train/6089 | What can Lexi and Cindy trade to each get what they want? | [
"Lexi can trade her tomatoes for Cindy's broccoli.",
"Cindy can trade her almonds for Lexi's tomatoes.",
"Cindy can trade her broccoli for Lexi's oranges.",
"Lexi can trade her tomatoes for Cindy's carrots."
] | 0 | Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another.
Lexi and Cindy open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Lexi nor Cindy got everything that they wanted. The table ... | closed choice | grade8 | social science | economics | Basic economic principles | Trade and specialization | Look at the table and images.
Lexi wants broccoli. Cindy wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want. | |
train/6090 | Which term matches the picture? | [
"striated muscles",
"smooth muscles"
] | 1 | Read the text.
When you think of muscles, you might think of the ones in your legs or arms that you use to help you move. These types of muscles are called striated muscles. If you look at them under a microscope, the cells appear rectangular and striped. There are other kinds of muscles, though, called smooth muscles.... | closed choice | grade6 | language science | vocabulary | Context clues | Determine the meaning of domain-specific words with pictures | A smooth muscle is not striped. The cells that make up smooth muscles are oval shaped. | |
train/6091 | Is the following statement about our solar system true or false?
The volume of Mars is more than three times as large as Mercury's. | [
"true",
"false"
] | 1 | Use the data to answer the question below. | true-or false | grade7 | natural science | earth-science | Astronomy | Analyze data to compare properties of planets | A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.
The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. | To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of three times the volume of Mercury.
Then compare the result to the volume of Mars. The volume of Mars is 160 billion km^3, which is less than 180 billion km^3. So, the volume of Mars is less than three times as large as Mercury's. |
train/6092 | Which is this organism's scientific name? | [
"Geopelia striata",
"zebra dove"
] | 0 | This organism is a zebra dove. It is also called Geopelia striata. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | biology | Classification and scientific names | Identify common and scientific names | An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know.
An organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English.
Scientific names are written in italics,... | Geopelia striata is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not.
So, Geopelia striata is the scientific name. |
train/6093 | Which state is highlighted? | [
"California",
"New Mexico",
"Hawaii",
"Nevada"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade5 | social science | geography | States | Identify the 50 states | This state is California. | ||
train/6094 | Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature? | [
"sample B",
"neither; the samples have the same temperature",
"sample A"
] | 0 | The diagrams below show two pure samples of gas in identical closed, rigid containers. Each colored ball represents one gas particle. Both samples have the same number of particles. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | physics | Particle motion and energy | Identify how particle motion affects temperature and pressure | The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.
The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of... | The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.
Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B mus... |
train/6095 | Complete the statement.
Zinc is (). | [
"an elementary substance",
"a compound"
] | 0 | The model below represents zinc. Zinc is a metal that is used to make batteries and musical instruments. | closed choice | grade7 | natural science | chemistry | Atoms and molecules | Classify elementary substances and compounds using models | There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.
A substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are ... | Use the model to determine whether zinc is an elementary substance or a compound.
Step 1: Interpret the model.
In the space-filling model shown above, all of the balls are the same color:
. The legend shows that dark blue represents the chemical element with the atomic symbol Zn. So, the model shows you that zinc is co... |
train/6096 | Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature? | [
"neither; the samples have the same temperature",
"sample A",
"sample B"
] | 1 | The diagrams below show two pure samples of gas in identical closed, rigid containers. Each colored ball represents one gas particle. Both samples have the same number of particles. | closed choice | grade6 | natural science | physics | Particle motion and energy | Identify how particle motion affects temperature and pressure | The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.
The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of... | Each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. The particles in sample A also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.
Because the particles in sample A have the higher average ... |
train/6097 | What is the capital of Oregon? | [
"Phoenix",
"Portland",
"Columbus",
"Salem"
] | 3 | closed choice | grade4 | social science | geography | State capitals | Identify the 50 state capitals | Salem is the capital of Oregon. | ||
train/6098 | Which country is highlighted? | [
"Solomon Islands",
"Nauru",
"Vanuatu",
"Fiji"
] | 2 | closed choice | grade7 | social science | geography | Oceania: geography | Identify and select countries of Oceania | This country is Vanuatu.
Does Vanuatu have any territorial disputes?
Vanuatu claims to own Matthew and Hunter Islands, which are disputed islands. In other words, multiple countries or groups claim that the islands rightfully belong to them.
France has controlled the islands since 1929. But shortly after gaining indepe... | ||
train/6099 | Which i in column 1? | [
"the grocery store",
"the library",
"the gas station",
"the fire department"
] | 0 | closed choice | grade3 | social science | geography | Geography | Use a letter-number grid | A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map.
A row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters.
A column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers. | The grocery store is in column 1. |
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