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The mean, the median, and the mode.
2022-01-14
Support StatQuest by buying my book, The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning: PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC
61,666
1,114
48
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The Exponential Distribution
2022-01-14
Support StatQuest by buying my book, The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning: PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC
74,222
1,729
137
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Population and Estimated Parameters, Clearly Explained!!!
2019-07-01
One of the most basic and most important thing we can do in statistics is estimate population parameters. This video explains what population parameters are and how they are used to gain insight into the world around us. NOTE: This StatQuest assumes are already familiar with... ...Histograms: https://youtu.be/qBigTkBLU6g ...Statistical Distributions: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI3hZJqXJuc ...and the Normal Distribution: https://youtu.be/rzFX5NWojp0 ...and if you want to learn more about Confidence Intervals, check out this 'Quest: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TqOeMYtOc1w For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer Correction: 2:16 I meant to say 10 and 30. However, you should still get the point either way. #statquest #statistics
330,025
6,757
312
AUieDaZnuqE2QIjMK1_hOZEDWze0IEoLP8dtvnQ7c6cK
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Calculating the Mean, Variance and Standard Deviation, Clearly Explained!!!
2019-07-15
One of the most basic things we do all the time in Data Analysis (i.e. Statistics, Machine Learning or any other sort of number crunching type thing) is calculate the mean, variance and standard deviation. This StatQuest walks you through these tasks and help you avoid a very common pitfall that is all too easy to fall into. NOTE: This StatQuest assumes are already familiar with... ...Histograms: https://youtu.be/qBigTkBLU6g ...Statistical Distributions: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI3hZJqXJuc ...the Normal Distribution: https://youtu.be/rzFX5NWojp0 ...and Population Parameters: https://youtu.be/vikkiwjQqfU NOTE: For more details on why dividing by 'n' underestimates the population variance and why we square each term, check out the follow up StatQuest: https://youtu.be/sHRBg6BhKjI For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #statistics
444,883
10,676
555
AUieDaZTlgN7IMWeowTlKoBlcvKXKxOPirJFvW6ZlkGdVbUPN_s
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What is a (mathematical) model?
2017-07-17
"Model" is a vague term that means different things in different contexts. Here I clear it all up in the context of statistics! For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #statistics
204,906
4,034
95
AUieDaaUkN0z8MsUBFf8I_WfOWLwROMtfHvdw9dN6uit
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Sampling from a Distribution, Clearly Explained!!!
2017-05-08
What does it mean to sample from a distribution and why would anyone ever do it? Find out by watching. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #statistics
223,666
3,615
105
AUieDaZFbfRS9x4AzZk0u8qWy2uAonWjpdRhI6wYBBg97sy5nCs
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Hypothesis Testing and The Null Hypothesis, Clearly Explained!!!
2020-07-06
One of the most basic concepts in statistics is hypothesis testing and something called The Null Hypothesis. This video breaks these concepts down into easy to understand pieces so that you can understand their motivation and their uses. By the time you're done with this video, Hypothesis Testing and the Null Hypothesis will be Clearly Explained!!! NOTE: If you'd like to learn about The Alternative Hypothesis, check out... https://youtu.be/5koKb5B_YWo And if you'd like to learn about p-values, check out... p-values: What they are and how to interpret them: https://youtu.be/vemZtEM63GY How to Calculate p-values: https://youtu.be/JQc3yx0-Q9E For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying my book, The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning: PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:22 Background 2:32 First hypothesis 4:09 Rejecting a hypothesis 4:40 Second hypothesis 7:14 Failing to reject a hypothesis 8:21 Rejecting vs Failing to Reject 9:01 Motivation for the Null Hypothesis 9:51 The Null Hypothesis 13:44 The next steps Correction: 7:49 I meant to say Drug C instead of Drug A. #StatQuest #NullHypothesis
526,744
10,984
494
AUieDabvsGLmy3Ola3KsdKXZbb6xqoHzB_2GhuvxaUHpu0Jnxm4
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Alternative Hypotheses: Main Ideas!!!
2020-07-06
In Statistics, when we do Hypothesis Testing, we are supposed to have two hypotheses: A primary, or Null Hypothesis and an Alternative Hypothesis. This StatQuest explains why we need the Alternative Hypothesis, even though Hypothesis Testing tends to focus on the Null. NOTE: This StatQuest follows up on Hypothesis Testing and the Null Hypothesis: https://youtu.be/0oc49DyA3hU And if you'd like to learn about p-values, check out... p-values: What they are and how to interpret them: https://youtu.be/vemZtEM63GY How to Calculate p-values: https://youtu.be/JQc3yx0-Q9E Lastly, if you would like to learn about Statistical Tests, see: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLblh5JKOoLUIzaEkCLIUxQFjPIlapw8nU For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying my book, The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning: PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 1:49 The Alternative Hypothesis 3:21 Testing the Null vs Alternative for 2 groups 5:38 Testing the Null vs Alternative for 3 or more groups 8:00 Summary and next steps #StatQuest #AlternativeHypothesis
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AUieDaa73Ncj7FpNABiTMM4khkln8s6Wlia-8Y6WIdRc
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p-values: What they are and how to interpret them
2020-03-23
This StatQuest is all about interpreting p-values. You've seen them online or in publications, or heard about them, whispered in dark, rave filled dance clubs, but you've never understood what they were all about. This 'Quest is here to explain everything you wanted to know about how to interpret p-values. Bam!!! To learn how the p-values were calculated in this video, see... https://youtu.be/JQc3yx0-Q9E ...and... https://youtu.be/udyAvvaMjfM For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:17 Conceptual motivation for p-values 4:32 p-value defined 7:07 Different thresholds for a statistically significant p-value 9:16 p-values and hypothesis testing 9:47 p-values do not measure effect size #statquest #pvalue
1,099,401
24,965
1,042
AUieDabGEF-ulzAynQp508s3BzbATAMlO2YUZS6J73O58xUQJeA
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How to calculate p-values
2020-03-23
In this StatQuest we learn how to calculate p-values using both discrete data (like coin tosses) and continuous data (like height measurements). At the end, we explain the differences between 1 and 2-sided p-values and why you should avoid 1-sided p-values if possible. NOTE: This StatQuest assumes that you are already familiar with what p-values are and how to interpret them. If not, check out the quest: p-values: What they are and how to interpret them. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Support StatQuest by buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:58 p-value for getting two heads 6:39 p-value defined as the sum of three parts 9:30 p-value for getting four heads and 1 tails 12:31 p-values for continuous data, like how tall people are 14:31 A borderline p-value 16:59 A significant p-value 17:47 An insignificant p-value 20:12 One-sided vs two-sided p-values 24:20 Summary of concepts #statquest #pvalue
400,437
9,978
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AUieDaax77y45q_JfrQWCRM0U-XTO_HXnhZPnYXMaVy9yIOHwQg
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p-hacking: What it is and how to avoid it!
2020-05-04
p-hacking is the misuse and abuse of p-values and results in being fooled by false positives. Some forms of p-hacking are obvious, but other are much more subtle. In this video, we talk about two forms of p-hacking and how to avoid them. NOTE: This StatQuest assumes that you are already familiar with p-values, if not check out: p-values: What they are and how to interpret them: https://youtu.be/vemZtEM63GY How to calculate p-values: https://youtu.be/JQc3yx0-Q9E Also, if you'd like to learn more about FDR, check out the 'Quest: https://youtu.be/K8LQSvtjcEo For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Support StatQuest by buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:28 Simple example of p-hacking 2:21 p-hacking defined 2:38 Multiple testing problem explained 7:29 Using FDR to compensate for multiple testing 8:52 A subtle form of p-hacking 11:26 Power analysis to prevent p-hacking 12:12 Summary of concepts #statquest #pvalue
134,536
3,759
271
AUieDaaLlEM6ar6sUy7TJ5_ke9LVct8IkCp_sSZT7tmo
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False Discovery Rates, FDR, clearly explained
2017-01-10
One of the best ways to prevent p-hacking is to adjust p-values for multiple testing. This StatQuest explains how the Benjamini-Hochberg method corrects for multiple-testing and FDR. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statistics #pvalue #fdr
209,612
4,375
427
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Statistical Power, Clearly Explained!!!
2020-05-04
Statistical Power is one of those things that sounds so fancy and, well, "Powerful", but it's actually a really simple concept and this video explains it so it's clear as day. NOTE: This StatQuest assumes that you are already familiar with p-values and the normal distribution. If not, check out the 'Quests... p-values: What they are and how to interpret them: https://youtu.be/vemZtEM63GY How to calculate p-values: https://youtu.be/JQc3yx0-Q9E The normal distribution: https://youtu.be/rzFX5NWojp0 For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Support StatQuest by buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:37 Concepts of Statistical Power 3:19 Definition of Statistical Power 4:57 Overlap and Statistical Power 6:35 Sample size and Statistical Power 7:03 Summary of concepts #statquest #statistics
285,817
6,624
306
AUieDaYx-kFsz81eGZ4-uNx1SImVdGop8w5a3qOhL70Q
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Power Analysis, Clearly Explained!!!
2020-05-04
If you're doing an experiment, a Power Analysis is a must. It ensures reproducibility by helping you avoid p-hacking and being fooled by false positives. NOTE: This StatQuest assumes that you are already familiar with the concept of Statistical Power, Population Parameters vs Estimated Parameters and p-hacking. If not, check out the 'Quests: Power: https://youtu.be/Rsc5znwR5FA Population Parmeters: https://youtu.be/vikkiwjQqfU p-hacking: https://youtu.be/HDCOUXE3HMM And if you'd like to learn more about how the concepts shown here apply to more than just the normal distribution, check out the StatQuest on the Central Limit Theorem: https://youtu.be/YAlJCEDH2uY For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Support StatQuest by buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:42 Why we do a power analysis 2:40 Power analysis defined 3:14 Two factors that affect Power 4:06 How sample size affects Power 11:48 How to do a power analysis 15:10 Review of concepts #statquest #statistics
301,272
6,157
412
AUieDaYEA2RN9uy3tMItpn4E7-SkPIi1bm7cnQsI9oyY
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Covariance, Clearly Explained!!!
2019-07-29
Covariance is one of those statistical terms that you might have heard before but didn't quite understand. It sounds fancy, but it's really quite simple and it is a computational stepping stone to many other interesting concepts like correlation. This video describes covariance, what it does and doesn't do, how it's computed, and why it is more useful as a computational stepping stone rather than an end in itself. NOTE: This StatQuest assumes you already know about "variance". If not check out the quest: https://youtu.be/SzZ6GpcfoQY And if you are interested in Part 2, which explains Correlation, here's the link: https://youtu.be/xZ_z8KWkhXE For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:24 Review of variance 1:07 Motivation for Covariance 5:59 Types of Covariance relationships 7:32 How to calculate covariance 17:00 Why covariance is hard to interpret 20:31 Motivation for Correlation 21:20 Summary Correction: 16:45 We should be dividing by 4-1, not 5-1. Oops! :) #statquest #covariance
542,143
12,957
761
AUieDabkH5spd-O0FZxs0IX8ZhNKXeE_EZ4UwMSJJhsa
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Pearson's Correlation, Clearly Explained!!!
2019-08-05
Correlation is one of the most basic statistical measures of how two different things might be related, which means it is very important to have a clear understanding of what it means and how it works. This StatQuest walks you through everything you need to know about Correlation. It tells you what it means, how to interpret it, and what its limitations are. NOTE: This StatQuest assumes you already know about "variance"... https://youtu.be/SzZ6GpcfoQY ...and covariance... https://youtu.be/qtaqvPAeEJY ...and if you would like to learn more about R-squared, check out these 'Quests! R-squared, clearly explained: https://youtu.be/2AQKmw14mHM Linear Regression and R-squared: https://youtu.be/nk2CQITm_eo For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:55 Motivation for correlation 2:32 Strong and weak relationships 3:25 Correlation vs causation 4:26 Correlation quantifies relationships 6:00 Why correlation values need p-values 9:50 Negative correlation values 11:30 Correlation = 0, explained 12:11 Small p-values do not imply high correlations 13:38 How to calculate correlation 16:32 Correlation vs R-squared 17:31 Summary of concepts #statquest #correlation
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AUieDab2FmgTZeiDhWkb1Cumb1uiZBI-DD9PIbEV72Lk
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Conditional Probabilities, Clearly Explained!!!
2021-07-21
One the most fundamental concepts in Probability, Statistics and Bayesian Statistics is Conditional Probability. In this StatQuest, we walk you through what Conditional Probabilities are and how to calculate them using raw data as well as unconditional probabilities. BAM!!! For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying my book, The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning: PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 1:11 Filling in a contingency table 4:45 Calculating conditional probabilities from counts 8:00 Calculating conditional probabilities from unconditional probabilities. #StatQuest #Probability #Bayesian
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Bayes' Theorem, Clearly Explained!!!!
2021-08-16
Bayes' Theorem is the foundation of Bayesian Statistics. This video was you through, step-by-step, how it is easily derived and why it is useful. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying my book, The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning: PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 3:05 A note about notation 5:21 Deriving Bayes' Theorem 9:12 Why Bayes' Theorem is useful 11:39 Another note about notation #StatQuest #Probability #Bayesian
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Expected Values, Main Ideas!!!
2021-03-29
Expected values are part of the foundation of statistics and the reason why casinos don't go out of business all the time. Here, we walk through two examples that explain the concepts behind Expected Values and its fancy looking notation. BAM! For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying my book, The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning: PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 5:09 Calculating an Expected Value 8:02 Expected Value notation 10:30 A more complicated example of Expected Values #StatQuest #Statistics #ExpectedValue
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Expected Values for Continuous Variables!!!
2021-06-22
If you ever muck around in statistics, it's not long before you see E(x) = something. These are expected values. Expected Values for Continuous Variables are a little trickier than their discrete counterparts because we have to do some calculus. However, I'll walk you through it, one step at a time, so don't sweat it! BAM! NOTE: This one is, believe it or not, pretty near to my heart. When I was taking Statistical Theory in graduate school (from Rodger Berger of Casella and Berger, who wrote the standard textbook on statistical theory, "Statistical Inference") I remember having a lot of trouble with expected values. They intimidated me for two reasons 1) deriving them seemed like total luck and 2) I never understood, exactly, what the formula for continuous variables meant in a deep way. I could look at the equation and name the parts, but that was all I could do. Anyway, fast forward a few years and here I am, going back to these basics, this time determined to get that "deep understanding" I missed before, and, at least for myself, I succeeded. And I hope that means other people will also be able to get a deep understanding of expected values as well. NOTE: This StatQuest assumes that you are already familiar with the concept of an Expected Value. If not, check out the 'Quest: https://youtu.be/KLs_7b7SKi4 Also, if you want to learn more about Integration By Parts, here's a great resource: https://www.mathsisfun.com/calculus/integration-by-parts.html For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying my book, The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning: PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 1:30 Discrete and continuous variables defined 3:42 The exponential distribution 7:03 Approximating expected values with discrete intervals 10:25 Deriving the expected value formula for continuous variables 12:18 Calculating the expected value of an exponential distribution 18:17 Summary #StatQuest
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The Binomial Distribution and Test, Clearly Explained!!!
2018-08-06
The binomial distribution and the related statistical test look really complicated, but a actually quite simple. Here I walk you through both, one step at a time, so that they are easily understood and applied. If you would like to learn more about P-values, check out this StatQuest: https://youtu.be/5Z9OIYA8He8 And if you would like to learn more about 2-sided P-values, check out this StatQuest: https://youtu.be/bsZGt-caXO4 For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #binomial
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The Central Limit Theorem, Clearly Explained!!!
2018-09-03
The Central Limit Theorem is a big deal, but it's easy to understand. Here I show you what it is, then I describe why this is useful and fundamental to Statistics! This StatQuest follows up on the one that describes the normal distribution... https://youtu.be/rzFX5NWojp0 ...and the StatQuest on Sampling from a Distribution: https://youtu.be/XLCWeSVzHUU For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #CLT #statistics
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AUieDaYSc6mn323MzXbuzqFkkrZ-nlYIr-xOYjftsnGH
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The Difference Between Technical and Biological Replicates
2017-10-09
You can't do statistics without replication and in the biological sciences, there are two main types of replication: technical and biological. This StatQuest explains the differences between these two types of replication and dive into some subtleties and grey areas, too. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #statistics
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Sample Size and Effective Sample Size, Clearly Explained!!!
2017-10-23
The sample size for an experiment depends on what you want to say and what kind of replicates you have. This StatQuest shows examples of how biological and technical replicates are counted differently. It also shows what to do when your samples are correlated. Oh, and just in case you're interested, the twins are monozygotic. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #statistics
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Standard Deviation vs Standard Error, Clearly Explained!!!
2017-03-20
People often confuse the standard deviation and the standard error. This StatQuest clears it all up! For more information on the standard error, see the StatQuest on The Standard Error: https://youtu.be/XNgt7F6FqDU And the StatQuest on p-value pitfalls and power calculations: https://youtu.be/UFhJefdVCjE For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #statistics #standarderror
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AUieDaZfn405FIkafrrQ9MTi5p8Ogfg2_4FyFCAlBcUt2S_ls1o
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The standard error, Clearly Explained!!!
2015-05-12
This StatQuest explains what the standard error is and then it shows how it can be calculated with bootstrapping. There is a minor error at 10:22: The bar that represents the mean is in the wrong location. It should be at -0.3. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #statistics #standarderror
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AUieDaaAgkqBjURhm3FLYJGImOo-ZsDmAz77oYpD46C3
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Bootstrapping Main Ideas!!!
2021-07-06
Bootstrapping is one of the simplest, yet most powerful methods in all of statistics. It provides us an easy way to get a sense of what might happen if we could repeat an experiment a bunch of times. It turns point estimates into distributions that can be used to calculate all kinds of stuff, including standard errors, confidence intervals and even p-values. In this video, we show how it can be used to calculate standard errors and confidence intervals. In Part 2, we'll see how to calculate p-values. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying my book, The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning: PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 2:18 Bootstrapping in action! 4:23 Bootstrapping defined 6:40 Calculating standard errors and confidence intervals with bootstrapping 8:13 What makes bootstrapping so awesome Correction: 5:55 8^8 combinations of observed values and possible means assumes that order matters, and it doesn't. So 8^8 over counts the total number of useful combinations and the true number is 15 choose 8, which is 6435 #StatQuest #Bootstrap #Statistics
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Using Bootstrapping to Calculate p-values!!!
2021-07-13
Bootstrapping give us an easy way to calculate p-values for just about anything - no fancy math required! In this StatQuest, we walk through the process of calculating the p-value for a mean, and then a median, step-by-step. DOUBLE BAM! NOTE: This StatQuest assumes that you are already familiar with the main ideas behind bootstrapping: https://youtu.be/Xz0x-8-cgaQ Hypothesis Testing and the Null Hypothesis: https://youtu.be/0oc49DyA3hU How to interpret p-values: https://youtu.be/vemZtEM63GY And the basics of how p-values are calculated: https://youtu.be/JQc3yx0-Q9E For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying my book, The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning: PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 2:04 Calculating the p-value for a mean with bootstrapping 6:03 Calculating the p-value for a median with bootstrapping #StatQuest #Statistics #Bootstrapping
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Bar Charts Are Better than Pie Charts
2017-02-27
Pie and bar charts can show the same data, but bar charts do it way better. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #statistics
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Boxplots are Awesome!!!
2017-07-11
Boxplots are Awesome!!! Don't believe me? Check out the 'Quest. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #boxplot #statistics
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Logs (logarithms), Clearly Explained!!!
2017-02-23
Here's a little video to help you bone up on logs. Logs are used all over statistics, so it's good to have a solid understanding of them. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #statistics #logarithms
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Confidence Intervals, Clearly Explained!!!
2015-07-09
Confidence Intervals can be confusing, but with bootstrapping, they are a piece of cake. BAM! For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #statistics #confidenceinterval
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R-squared, Clearly Explained!!!
2015-02-03
R-squared is one of the most useful metrics in statistics. It can give you a sense of how good your model is. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #statistics #rsquared
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The Main Ideas of Fitting a Line to Data (The Main Ideas of Least Squares and Linear Regression.)
2017-05-22
Fitting a line to data is actually pretty straightforward. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #regression
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AUieDaZupwBcNVZFMj3w_nsWCUokHP371192llwpuGxD
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Lowess and Loess, Clearly Explained!!!
2017-06-05
If you can fit a line, you can fit a curve! I've even got example R code on the StatQuest GitHub: https://github.com/StatQuest/lowess_loess_demo/blob/master/lowess_loess_demo.R For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #lowess #loess
124,744
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Linear Regression, Clearly Explained!!!
2017-07-24
The concepts behind linear regression, fitting a line to data with least squares and R-squared, are pretty darn simple, so let's get down to it! NOTE: This StatQuest comes with a companion video for how to do linear regression in R: https://youtu.be/u1cc1r_Y7M0 You can also find example code at the StatQuest github: https://github.com/StatQuest/linear_regression_demo For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...buying my book, a study guide, a t-shirt or hoodie, or a song from the StatQuest store... https://statquest.org/statquest-store/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:37 The Main Ideas!!! 1:12 Review of fitting a line to data 4:00 Review of R-squared 12:13 R-squared for a multivariable model 14:16 Why adding variables will never reduce R-squared 16:08 Calculating a p-value for R-squared 25:26 The F-distribution Correction: 25:39 I should have (Pfit - Pmean) instead of the other way around. #statquest #regression
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Linear Regression in R, Step-by-Step
2017-07-25
This video, which walks you through a simple regression in R, is a companion to the StatQuest on Linear Regression https://youtu.be/nk2CQITm_eo If you want to just copy and paste the R code, you can get it from the StatQuest GitHub site: https://github.com/StatQuest/linear_regression_demo/blob/master/linear_regression_demo.R If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...buying my book, a study guide, a t-shirt or hoodie, or a song from the StatQuest store... https://statquest.org/statquest-store/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #regression
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Multiple Regression, Clearly Explained!!!
2017-10-30
This video directly follows part 1 in the StatQuest series on General Linear Models (GLMs) on Linear Regression https://youtu.be/nk2CQITm_eo . This StatQuest shows how the exact same principles from "simple" linear regression also apply multiple regression. At the end, I show how to test if a multiple regression is better than a simple regression. To see how to do multiple regression in R, check out https://youtu.be/hokALdIst8k For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...buy my book, a study guide, a t-shirt or hoodie, or a song from the StatQuest store... https://statquest.org/statquest-store/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer Correction: 2:49 I left off some of the parentheses for the equation for F. The numerator should be: (SS(mean) - SS(fit))/(pfit - pmean) #statquest #regression
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Multiple Regression in R, Step-by-Step!!!
2017-10-30
This StatQuest is a companion to the StatQuest on Multiple Regression https://youtu.be/zITIFTsivN8 It starts with a simple regression in R and then shows how multiple regression can be used to determine which parameters are the most valuable. If you want the code, you can get it from the StatQuest GitHub, here: https://github.com/StatQuest/multiple_regression_demo/blob/master/multiple_regression_demo.R For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...buy my book, a study guide, a t-shirt or hoodie, or a song from the StatQuest store... https://statquest.org/statquest-store/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #regression
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Using Linear Models for t-tests and ANOVA, Clearly Explained!!!
2017-08-07
This StatQuest shows how the methods used to determine if a linear regression is statistically significant (covered in part 1) can be applied to t-tests and ANOVA. It also introduces the concept of a "design matrix". Part 1 of this series on GLMs (general linear models) is here: https://youtu.be/nk2CQITm_eo For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...buy my book, a study guide, a t-shirt or hoodie, or a song from the StatQuest store... https://statquest.org/statquest-store/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer Correction: 7:40 There should be parentheses around the SS differences in the F-statistics to have correct equations; (SS(mean)-SS(fit))/(p_fit-p_mean) #statquest #regression
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StatQuest: Linear Models Pt.3 - Design Matrices (old version)
2017-10-02
NOTE: There is a new and updated version of this video here: https://youtu.be/CqLGvwi-5Pc In order to use general linear models (GLMs) you need to create design matrices. At first, these can seem intimidating, but I've put together a bunch of examples and illustrated them all so that they are clearly explained. The examples in this video are worked out in R in this video: https://youtu.be/Hrr2anyK_5s For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt (USA/Europe): https://teespring.com/stores/statquest (everywhere): https://www.redbubble.com/people/starmer/works/40421224-statquest-double-bam?asc=u&p=t-shirt ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #regression
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Bam!!! Clearly Explained!!!
2020-04-01
This StatQuests demystifies one of the most complicated terms in all of statistics and machine learning, BAM!!! We'll walk through what BAM!!! means one step at a time, and when we're done, you'll know everything you wanted to know about BAM!!! For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Support StatQuest by buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:30 Examples of BAM 0:59 What is BAM? 1:12 BAM defined 2:03 The Dreaded Terminology Alert 2:12 Review of concepts #statquest #bam
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StatQuickie: Thresholds for Significance
2017-02-22
People often ask me what a good threshold is for statistical significance. The answer is always, "It depends!" For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer
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StatQuickie: Which t test to use
2017-03-06
tl;dw - unless you've got paired data (explained in the video) use a two-tailed t-test that does not assume equal variance. This is the most conservative, and if you can show significance, you know your data is rock solid. In MS Excel, this means setting "Tails = 2" and "Type = 3". For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer
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StatQuest: One or Two Tailed P-Values
2017-04-24
People ask me all the time if they should use a one or two-tailed p-values. Unless you are an expert and really know what you are doing, you should always use two-tailed p-values. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #pvalue
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Quantiles and Percentiles, Clearly Explained!!!
2017-11-06
Although there is a ton of conflicting information about quantiles and percentiles on the internet, this StatQuest filters out the noise and focuses and the most important things you need to know about these two summary statistics. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #quantile #percentile
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Quantile-Quantile Plots (QQ plots), Clearly Explained!!!
2017-11-13
Quantile-Quantile (QQ) plots are used to determine if data can be approximated by a statistical distribution. For example, you might collect some data and wonder if it is normally distributed. A QQ plot will help you answer that question. You can also use QQ plots to compare to different datasets that you collected to determine if their distributions are comparable. This video shows you how to do both things. NOTE: The data in this video are measures of gene expression. If "gene expression" doesn't mean anything to you, just imagine that the data represents how tall a bunch of people are, or how much they weigh. Then consider the y-axis to be the height or weight of the people, and the x-axis just represents all of the data you collected on a single day. In this case, all of the data were collected on the same day, so they form a single column. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer Corrections: 4:35 The Uniform Distribution has one extra quantile 5:30 I should have said that Quartiles divide the data into 4 parts. #statquest #quantile #qqplot
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Quantile Normalization, Clearly Explained!!!
2017-11-20
Quantile Normalization lets us compare data that has all kinds of noise in it. It sounds fancy but is really super simple. Essentially you just sort each sample data from high to low. If your samples are rows, you then replace the values with the average of each row. BAM! For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #quantile
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Probability is not Likelihood. Find out why!!!
2018-03-09
NOTE: This video was originally made as a follow up to an overview of Maximum Likelihood https://youtu.be/XepXtl9YKwc . That video provides context that gives this video more meaning. Here's one of those tricky little things, Probability vs. Likelihood. In common conversation we use these words interchangeably. However, statisticians make a clear distinction that is important to understand if you want to follow their logic. The good news is that they are both super simple. The bad news is that they are easy to get mixed up. The StatQuest gives you visual images that make them both easy to remember so you'll always keep them straight. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #probability #likelihood
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Maximum Likelihood, clearly explained!!!
2017-07-31
If you hang out around statisticians long enough, sooner or later someone is going to mumble "maximum likelihood" and everyone will knowingly nod. After this video, so can you! Also, some viewers asked for a worked out example that includes the math. Here it is! (you may need to click on the "Show More" button below to see the link) https://youtu.be/p3T-_LMrvBc For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:34 Motivation for MLE 1:12 Overview of the Normal Distribution 2:06 Thinking about where to center the distribution 3:25 Using MLE to find the optimal location for the center 4:27 Using MLE to find the optimal standard deviation 5:19 Probability vs Likelihood #statquest #MLE
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Maximum Likelihood for the Exponential Distribution, Clearly Explained!!!
2018-07-30
This StatQuest shows you how to calculate the maximum likelihood parameter for the Exponential Distribution. This is a follow up to the StatQuests on Probability vs Likelihood https://youtu.be/pYxNSUDSFH4 and Maximum Likelihood: https://youtu.be/XepXtl9YKwc Viewers asked for a worked out example, so this is pretty mathy, but I just couldn't say "no"! For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #MLE #statistics
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Maximum Likelihood for the Binomial Distribution, Clearly Explained!!!
2018-08-13
Calculating the maximum likelihood estimate for the binomial distribution is pretty easy! This StatQuest takes you through the formulas one step at a time. This StatQuest follows up and builds on the following StatQuests: Maximum Likelihood, Clearly Explained: https://youtu.be/XepXtl9YKwc Probability vs Likelihood: https://youtu.be/pYxNSUDSFH4 Logs, Clearly Explained!!!: https://youtu.be/VSi0Z04fWj0 The Binomial Distribution and Test, Clearly Explained!!! https://youtu.be/J8jNoF-K8E8 For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #MLE #binomial
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Maximum Likelihood For the Normal Distribution, step-by-step!!!
2018-09-10
Calculating the maximum likelihood estimates for the normal distribution shows you why we use the mean and standard deviation define the shape of the curve. NOTE: This is another follow up to the StatQuests on Probability vs Likelihood https://youtu.be/pYxNSUDSFH4 and Maximum Likelihood: https://youtu.be/XepXtl9YKwc Viewers asked for worked out examples, and this one is super mathy, but I just couldn't say "no"! For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:45 Overview of the normal distribution equation 1:41 Example with one data point 5:38 Example with two data points 7:35 Example in 'n' data points 8:08 Solving for the MLEs for mu and sigma 18:54 Review of concepts Correction: 2:39 I said likelihood=0.03 for mu=30, but mu=28 is in the equation. #statquest #MLE #statistics
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AUieDabUBIUKPqSR1DAxc93RIVDRwC2ooxNGYQBRHZlk
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Odds and Log(Odds), Clearly Explained!!!
2018-05-07
The odds aren't as odd as you might think, and the log of the odds is even simpler! This StatQuest covers those subjects so that you can understand the statistics for true/false type problems (like Logistic Regression). For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #statistics
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Odds Ratios and Log(Odds Ratios), Clearly Explained!!!
2018-06-21
Odds Ratios and Log(Odds Ratios) are like R-Squared - they describe a relationship between two things. And just like R-Squared, you need to determine if this relationship is statistically significant. This StatQuest goes over all these details so that you are ready for any odds ratio and log(odds ratio) situation that you might get yourself into!!! This StatQuest builds on the concepts covered in... Odds and Log(Odds): https://youtu.be/ARfXDSkQf1Y Enrichment Analysis using Fisher's Exact Test: https://youtu.be/udyAvvaMjfM For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer Corrections: 8:53 I meant to say "the remaining 198.7 people without the mutated gene". 14:27 I correctly wrote "If the tests worked as expected, 5% should have p-values less than 0.05". That is correct. However, when recording the voiceover, I said "5% should have p-values less than 0.5", which is not correct. #statquest #statistics
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Frank Starmer Clearly Explained (How my pop influenced StatQuest!!!)
2021-09-04
Today my pop turns 80!!! Happy Birthday pop! My pop had a huge impact on me and StatQuest and I want everyone to know how StatQuest would not be the same without him. From the first statistics class I took that was terrible, but then he taught me about linear models to how he trained me not to guess and to always look for a better way. Thank you pop and have a great day!!!! If you want to learn about Linear Models: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLblh5JKOoLUIzaEkCLIUxQFjPIlapw8nU If you want to learn about Neural Networks: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CqOfi41LfDw&list=PLblh5JKOoLUIxGDQs4LFFD--41Vzf-ME1 For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying my book, The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning: PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:41 Focus on the main ideas 2:57 There is always a better way 2:54 Don't guess and do the math #StatQuest
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Why Dividing By N Underestimates the Variance
2019-07-15
This is the follow up video to: Statistics Fundamentals: The Mean, Variance and Standard Deviation https://youtu.be/SzZ6GpcfoQY In it, we show exactly why, when we estimate the variance, dividing by 'n' underestimates the value we are interested in. It also describes why we square each term instead of taking the absolute value. The visuals used in this StatQuest make it easy to remember why we should divide by n-1, and this will save us from falling into a very common pitfall. If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Support StatQuest by buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer Corrections: 3:23 I should have said "To understand why dividing by n underestimates the variation around the population mean". 3:40 The estimated mean was switched with the population mean. #statquest #variance
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A Gentle Introduction to Machine Learning
2018-11-26
Machine Learning is one of those things that is chock full of hype and confusion terminology. In this StatQuest, we cut through all of that to get at the most basic ideas that make a foundation for the whole thing. These ideas are simple and easy to understand. After watching this StatQuest, you'll be ready to learn all kinds of new and exciting things about Machine Learning. If you're interested in learning more about SoSA, here's the link: http://thesosa.org/ Here's the link to the video about the bias/variance tradeoff: https://youtu.be/EuBBz3bI-aA Here's the link to the video about cross-validation, aka the way to determine which samples go into your training set and which samples go into your testing set: https://youtu.be/fSytzGwwBVw For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:35 A silly example of classification 2:24 A silly example of regression 3:37 The Bias/Variance Tradeoff 8:15 Fancy machine learning 8:56 Evaluating the performances of a decision tree 11:12 Summary of concepts and main ideas #statquest #ML
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Machine Learning Fundamentals: Cross Validation
2018-04-24
One of the fundamental concepts in machine learning is Cross Validation. It's how we decide which machine learning method would be best for our dataset. Check out the video to find out how! For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:25 Motivation for using Cross Validation 1:18 Cross Validation concepts 3:41 An example using Cross Validation 4:35 Terminology (4-Fold, 10-Fold, etc) 5:20 Cross Validation for tuning parameters Correction: 4:16 KNN should have 10 correct and 14 incorrect. #statquest #ML #crossvalidation
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Machine Learning Fundamentals: The Confusion Matrix
2018-10-29
One of the fundamental concepts in machine learning is the Confusion Matrix. Combined with Cross Validation, it's how we decide which machine learning method would be best for our dataset. Check out the video to find out how! NOTE: This video illustrates the confusion matrix concept as described in the Introduction to Statistical Learning, page 145. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you're not already familiar with cross validation, check out the Quest: https://youtu.be/fSytzGwwBVw If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer Lastly, a big thanks goes to Cesar Diniz for the Portuguese subtitles. 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:24 Motivation for confusion matrices 1:38 Definition of confusion matrix and related terminology 2:44 Confusion matrix example 3:41 Comparing confusion matrices 4:47 A 3x3 confusion matrix. 6:20 Large confusion matrices 6:38 Summary of concepts and main ideas #statquest #confusionmatrix #ML
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Machine Learning Fundamentals: Sensitivity and Specificity
2019-12-02
In this StatQuest we talk about Sensitivity and Specificity - to key concepts for evaluating Machine Learning methods. These make it easier to choose which method is best for your data. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you're not already familiar with the Confusion Matrix, check out the Quest: https://youtu.be/Kdsp6soqA7o If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer Corrections: 7:28 My wording could be improved. The True Negatives for Troll 2 are the people who were correctly predicted to not like Troll 2. #statquest #ml
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The Sensitivity, Specificity, Precision, Recall Sing-a-Long!!!
2022-02-10
I always had trouble remembering exactly what sensitivity, specificity, precision and recall all meant, so I wrote this song to help me out. And it worked!!! BAM!!! For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying my book, The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning: PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #StatQuest
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Machine Learning Fundamentals: Bias and Variance
2018-09-17
Bias and Variance are two fundamental concepts for Machine Learning, and their intuition is just a little different from what you might have learned in your statistics class. Here I go through two examples that make these concepts super easy to understand. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:29 The data and the "true" model 1:23 Splitting the data into training and testing sets 1:40 Least Regression fit to the training data 2:16 Definition of Bias 2:33 Squiggly Line fit to the training data 3:40 Model performance with the testing dataset 4:06 Definition of Variance 5:10 Definition of Overfit Correction: 4:06 I say that the difference in fits between the training dataset and the testing dataset is called Variance. However, I should have said that the difference is a _consequence_ of variance. Technically, variance refers to the amount by which the predictions would change if we fit the model to a different training data set. #statquest #biasvariance #ML
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ROC and AUC, Clearly Explained!
2019-07-11
ROC (Receiver Operator Characteristic) graphs and AUC (the area under the curve), are useful for consolidating the information from a ton of confusion matrices into a single, easy to interpret graph. This video walks you through how to create and interpret ROC graphs step-by-step. We then show how the AUC can be used to compare classification methods and, lastly, we talk about what to do when your data isn't as warm and fuzzy as it should be. NOTE: This is the 2019.07.11 revision of a video published earlier. NOTE: This video assumes you already know about Confusion Matrices... https://youtu.be/Kdsp6soqA7o ...Sensitivity and Specificity... https://youtu.be/vP06aMoz4v8 ...and the example I work through is based on Logistic Regression, so it would help to understand the basics of that as well: https://youtu.be/yIYKR4sgzI8 For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:48 Classifying samples with logistic regression 4:03 Creating a confusion matrices for different thresholds 7:12 ROC is an alternative to tons of confusion matrices 13:44 AUC to compare different models 14:28 False Positive Rate vs Precision (Precision Recall Graphs) 15:38 Summary of concepts Correction: 12:00 The confusion matrix should be TP = 3, FP = 2, FN = 1, TN = 2. The displayed matrix should be for the next point. #statquest #ROC #AUC
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AUieDaYBZYZeZTy1gm_hjmwH7ghSiXuop856UO_y2Gdc
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ROC and AUC in R
2018-12-18
This tutorial walks you through, step-by-step, how to draw ROC curves and calculate AUC in R. We start with basic ROC graph, learn how to extract thresholds for decision making, calculate AUC and partial AUC and how to layer multiple ROC curves on the same graph. You can get a copy of the code from the StatQuest GitHub, here: https://github.com/StatQuest/roc_and_auc_demo/blob/master/roc_and_auc_demo.R NOTE: This StatQuest builds on the example in the original ROC and AUC StatQuest: https://youtu.be/xugjARegisk Also, if you're curious, here are some links to StatQuests about... ...Logistic Regression https://youtu.be/yIYKR4sgzI8 ...and Random Forests... https://youtu.be/J4Wdy0Wc_xQ For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #ROC #AUC
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Entropy (for data science) Clearly Explained!!!
2021-08-25
Entropy is a fundamental concept in Data Science because it shows up all over the place - from Decision Trees, to similarity metrics, to state of the art dimension reduction algorithms. It's also surprisingly simple, but often poorly explained. Traditionally the equation is presented with the expectation that you memorize it without thoroughly understanding what it means and where it came from. This video takes a very different approach by showing you, step-by-step, where this simple equation comes from, making it easy to remember (and derive), understand and explain to your friends at parties. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying my book, The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning: PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 1:28 Introduction to surprise 4:34 Equation for surprise 6:09 Calculating surprise for a series of events 9:35 Entropy defined for a coin 10:45 Entropy is the expected value of surprise 11:41 The entropy equation 13:01 Entropy in action!!! #StatQuest #Entropy
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Mutual Information, Clearly Explained!!!
2023-02-06
Mutual Information is metric that quantifies how similar or different two variables are. This is a lot like R-squared, but R-squared only works for continuous variables. What's cool about Mutual Information is that it works for both continuous and discrete variables. So, in this video, we walk you through how to calculate Mutual Information step-by-step. BAM! English This video has been dubbed using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility. You can change the audio track language in the Settings menu. Spanish Este video ha sido doblado al español con voz artificial con https://aloud.area120.google.com para aumentar la accesibilidad. Puede cambiar el idioma de la pista de audio en el menú Configuración. Portuguese Este vídeo foi dublado para o português usando uma voz artificial via https://aloud.area120.google.com para melhorar sua acessibilidade. Você pode alterar o idioma do áudio no menu Configurações. If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...buying my book, a study guide, a t-shirt or hoodie, or a song from the StatQuest store... https://statquest.org/statquest-store/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 2:39 Joint and Marginal Probabilities 6:19 Calculating the Mutual Information for Discrete Variables 13:00 Calculating the Mutual Information for Continuous Variables 14:10 Understanding Mutual Information as a way to relate the Entropy of two variables. #StatQuest #MutualInformation #DubbedWithAloud
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The Main Ideas of Fitting a Line to Data (The Main Ideas of Least Squares and Linear Regression.)
2017-05-22
Fitting a line to data is actually pretty straightforward. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #regression
649,281
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AUieDaZupwBcNVZFMj3w_nsWCUokHP371192llwpuGxD
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Linear Regression, Clearly Explained!!!
2017-07-24
The concepts behind linear regression, fitting a line to data with least squares and R-squared, are pretty darn simple, so let's get down to it! NOTE: This StatQuest comes with a companion video for how to do linear regression in R: https://youtu.be/u1cc1r_Y7M0 You can also find example code at the StatQuest github: https://github.com/StatQuest/linear_regression_demo For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...buying my book, a study guide, a t-shirt or hoodie, or a song from the StatQuest store... https://statquest.org/statquest-store/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:37 The Main Ideas!!! 1:12 Review of fitting a line to data 4:00 Review of R-squared 12:13 R-squared for a multivariable model 14:16 Why adding variables will never reduce R-squared 16:08 Calculating a p-value for R-squared 25:26 The F-distribution Correction: 25:39 I should have (Pfit - Pmean) instead of the other way around. #statquest #regression
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AUieDaZTcx2sRLv4IJXN4bmwBaI1CQGjfBmK30_Majzp
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Multiple Regression, Clearly Explained!!!
2017-10-30
This video directly follows part 1 in the StatQuest series on General Linear Models (GLMs) on Linear Regression https://youtu.be/nk2CQITm_eo . This StatQuest shows how the exact same principles from "simple" linear regression also apply multiple regression. At the end, I show how to test if a multiple regression is better than a simple regression. To see how to do multiple regression in R, check out https://youtu.be/hokALdIst8k For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...buy my book, a study guide, a t-shirt or hoodie, or a song from the StatQuest store... https://statquest.org/statquest-store/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer Correction: 2:49 I left off some of the parentheses for the equation for F. The numerator should be: (SS(mean) - SS(fit))/(pfit - pmean) #statquest #regression
544,529
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AUieDabUTNoKVTlSoyoLGjCJZ_kzFkN9FlwYCaO4Bu6p2-NEthQ
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Using Linear Models for t-tests and ANOVA, Clearly Explained!!!
2017-08-07
This StatQuest shows how the methods used to determine if a linear regression is statistically significant (covered in part 1) can be applied to t-tests and ANOVA. It also introduces the concept of a "design matrix". Part 1 of this series on GLMs (general linear models) is here: https://youtu.be/nk2CQITm_eo For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...buy my book, a study guide, a t-shirt or hoodie, or a song from the StatQuest store... https://statquest.org/statquest-store/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer Correction: 7:40 There should be parentheses around the SS differences in the F-statistics to have correct equations; (SS(mean)-SS(fit))/(p_fit-p_mean) #statquest #regression
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Design Matrices For Linear Models, Clearly Explained!!!
2019-01-08
In order to use general linear models (GLMs) you need to create design matrices. At first, these can seem intimidating, but this StatQuest puts together a bunch of examples and illustrates them all so that they are clearly explained. The examples in this video are worked out in R in this video: https://youtu.be/Hrr2anyK_5s For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...buy my book, a study guide, a t-shirt or hoodie, or a song from the StatQuest store... https://statquest.org/statquest-store/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #glm #statistics
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Odds and Log(Odds), Clearly Explained!!!
2018-05-07
The odds aren't as odd as you might think, and the log of the odds is even simpler! This StatQuest covers those subjects so that you can understand the statistics for true/false type problems (like Logistic Regression). For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #statistics
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Odds Ratios and Log(Odds Ratios), Clearly Explained!!!
2018-06-21
Odds Ratios and Log(Odds Ratios) are like R-Squared - they describe a relationship between two things. And just like R-Squared, you need to determine if this relationship is statistically significant. This StatQuest goes over all these details so that you are ready for any odds ratio and log(odds ratio) situation that you might get yourself into!!! This StatQuest builds on the concepts covered in... Odds and Log(Odds): https://youtu.be/ARfXDSkQf1Y Enrichment Analysis using Fisher's Exact Test: https://youtu.be/udyAvvaMjfM For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer Corrections: 8:53 I meant to say "the remaining 198.7 people without the mutated gene". 14:27 I correctly wrote "If the tests worked as expected, 5% should have p-values less than 0.05". That is correct. However, when recording the voiceover, I said "5% should have p-values less than 0.5", which is not correct. #statquest #statistics
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StatQuest: Logistic Regression
2018-03-05
Logistic regression is a traditional statistics technique that is also very popular as a machine learning tool. In this StatQuest, I go over the main ideas so that you can understand what it is and how it is used. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:23 Review of linear regression 3:09 Logistic regression overview 6:22 Logistic regression vs Linear regression 8:06 Summary of concepts #statquest #logistic
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AUieDaZ5J3a8lQHmOJSJ00ZyWWoweb9ashz8lg9GSPuVZo5ZjeI
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Logistic Regression Details Pt1: Coefficients
2018-06-04
When you do logistic regression you have to make sense of the coefficients. These are based on the log(odds) and log(odds ratio), but, to be honest, the easiest way to make sense of these are through examples. In this StatQuest, I walk you though two Logistic Regression Examples, step-by-step, and show you exactly how the coefficients are derived and how to interpret them. NOTE: This StatQuest assumes that you are already familiar with... The main ideas of Logistic Regression: https://youtu.be/yIYKR4sgzI8 Odds and Log(odds): https://youtu.be/ARfXDSkQf1Y Odds Ratio and Log(odds ratio): https://youtu.be/8nm0G-1uJzA Linear Regression: https://youtu.be/PaFPbb66DxQ and Linear Models: https://youtu.be/nk2CQITm_eo https://youtu.be/NF5_btOaCig For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 1:13 Review of Logistic Regression Concepts 2:47 Coefficients for continuous variables 10:46 Coefficients for discrete variables 17:52 Coefficients for combinations of variable types Correction: 15:21 The left hand side of the equation should be “log(odds Obesity)” instead of “size”. #statquest #logistic
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Logistic Regression Details Pt 2: Maximum Likelihood
2018-06-11
This video follows from where we left off in Part 1 in this series on the details of Logistic Regression. This time we're going to talk about how the squiggly line is optimized to best fit the data. NOTE: This StatQuest assumes that you are already familiar with Part 1 in this series, Logistic Regression Details Pt1: Coefficients: https://youtu.be/vN5cNN2-HWE For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #logistic #MLE
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Logistic Regression Details Pt 3: R-squared and p-value
2018-06-18
This video follows from where we left off in Part 2 in this series on the details of Logistic Regression. Last time we saw how to fit a squiggly line to the data. This time we'll learn how to evaluate if that squiggly line is worth anything. In short, we'll calculate the R-squared value and it's associated p-value. NOTE: This StatQuest assumes that you are already familiar with Part 1 in this series, Logistic Regression Details Pt1: Coefficients: https://youtu.be/vN5cNN2-HWE For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer Correction: 13:58 The formula at should be 2[(LL(saturated) - LL(overall)) - (LL(saturated) - LL(fit))]. I got the terms flipped. #statquest #logistic
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Saturated Models and Deviance
2018-07-09
This video follows from where we left off in Part 3 of the Logistic Regression series, but the ideas are more general, so I decided not to make it just Part 4, since it's more than just that. NOTE: This StatQuest assumes that you are already familiar with Logistic Regression. If you're not already down with that, you can check out these videos: https://youtu.be/yIYKR4sgzI8 https://youtu.be/vN5cNN2-HWE https://youtu.be/BfKanl1aSG0 https://youtu.be/xxFYro8QuXA For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #statistics
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Logistic Regression in R, Clearly Explained!!!!
2018-07-26
This video describes how to do Logistic Regression in R, step-by-step. We start by importing a dataset and cleaning it up, then we perform logistic regression on a very simple model, followed by a fancy model. Lastly we draw a graph of the predicted probabilities that came from the Logistic Regression. The code that I use in this video can be found on the StatQuest GitHub: https://github.com/StatQuest/logistic_regression_demo/blob/master/logistic_regression_demo.R For more details on what's going on, check out the following StatQuests: For a general overview of Logistic Regression: https://youtu.be/yIYKR4sgzI8 The odds and log(odds), clearly explained: https://youtu.be/ARfXDSkQf1Y The odds ratio and log(odds ratio), clearly explained: https://youtu.be/8nm0G-1uJzA Logistic Regression, Details Part 1, Coefficients: https://youtu.be/vN5cNN2-HWE Logistic Regression, Details Part 2, Fitting a line with Maximum Likelihood: https://youtu.be/BfKanl1aSG0 Logistic Regression Details Part 3, R-squared and its p-value: https://youtu.be/xxFYro8QuXA Saturated Models and Deviance Statistics, Clearly Explained: https://youtu.be/9T0wlKdew6I Deviance Residuals, Clearly Explained: https://youtu.be/JC56jS2gVUE For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:29 Load and format data 3:54 Dealing with missing data 5:03 Verifying that the data is not imbalanced 6:44 Logistic regression with one independent variable 12:48 Logistic regression with many independent variables 15:13 Graphing the predicted probabilities #statquest #logistic
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Deviance Residuals
2018-07-16
This video follows up on the StatQuest on Saturated Models and Deviance Statistics. https://youtu.be/9T0wlKdew6I For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #statistics
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Regularization Part 1: Ridge (L2) Regression
2018-09-24
Ridge Regression is a neat little way to ensure you don't overfit your training data - essentially, you are desensitizing your model to the training data. It can also help you solve unsolvable equations, and if that isn't bad to the bone, I don't know what is. This StatQuest follows up on the StatQuests on: Bias and Variance https://youtu.be/EuBBz3bI-aA Linear Models Part 1: Linear Regression https://youtu.be/nk2CQITm_eo Linear Models Part 1.5: Multiple Regression https://youtu.be/zITIFTsivN8 Linear Models Part 2: t-Tests and ANOVA https://youtu.be/NF5_btOaCig Linear Models Part 3: Design Matrices https://youtu.be/2UYx-qjJGSs Cross Validation: https://youtu.be/fSytzGwwBVw For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 1:25 Ridge Regression main ideas 4:15 Ridge Regression details 10:21 Ridge Regression for discrete variables 13:24 Ridge Regression for Logistic Regression 14:12 Ridge Regression for fancy models 15:34 Ridge Regression when you don't have much data 19:15 Summary of concepts Correction: 13:39 I meant to say "Negative Log-Likelihood" instead of "Likelihood". #statquest #regularization
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Regularization Part 2: Lasso (L1) Regression
2018-10-01
Lasso Regression is super similar to Ridge Regression, but there is one big, huge difference between the two. In this video, I start by talking about all of the similarities, and then show you the cool thing that Lasso Regression can do that Ridge Regression can't. NOTE: This StatQuest follows up on the the StatQuest on Ridge Regression: https://youtu.be/Q81RR3yKn30 For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #regularization
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Ridge vs Lasso Regression, Visualized!!!
2020-05-19
People often ask why Lasso Regression can make parameter values equal 0, but Ridge Regression can not. This StatQuest shows you why. NOTE: This StatQuest assumes that you are already familiar with Ridge and Lasso Regression. If not, check out the 'Quests. Ridge: https://youtu.be/Q81RR3yKn30 Lasso: https://youtu.be/NGf0voTMlcs For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying my book, The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning: PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:33 Ridge Regression visualized 6:00 Lasso Regression visualized 7:48 Summary of Ridge vs Lasso Regression #statquest #regularization
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Regularization Part 3: Elastic Net Regression
2018-10-08
Elastic-Net Regression is combines Lasso Regression with Ridge Regression to give you the best of both worlds. It works well when there are lots of useless variables that need to be removed from the equation and it works well when there are lots of useful variables that need to be retained. And it does better than either one when it comes to handling correlated variables. Dang!!!! NOTE: This StatQuest follows up on the the StatQuest on Ridge Regression... https://youtu.be/Q81RR3yKn30 ...and the StatQuest on Lasso Regression.... https://youtu.be/NGf0voTMlcs For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ Also, here are some references that helped me put this video together: The original manuscript on Elastic-Net Regression: https://web.stanford.edu/~hastie/Papers/B67.2%20%282005%29%20301-320%20Zou%20&%20Hastie.pdf A webpage at North Carolina State University that shows different situations for Ridge, Lasso and Elastic-Net Regression: https://www4.stat.ncsu.edu/~post/josh/LASSO_Ridge_Elastic_Net_-_Examples.html If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #regularization
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Ridge, Lasso and Elastic-Net Regression in R
2018-10-23
The code in this video can be found on the StatQuest GitHub: https://github.com/StatQuest/ridge_lasso_elastic_net_demo/blob/master/ridge_lass_elastic_net_demo.R This video is assumes you already know about Ridge, Lasso and Elastic-Net Regression, if not, here are the links to the Quests... https://youtu.be/1dKRdX9bfIo https://youtu.be/NGf0voTMlcs https://youtu.be/Q81RR3yKn30 For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #regularization
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StatQuest: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Step-by-Step
2018-04-02
Principal Component Analysis, is one of the most useful data analysis and machine learning methods out there. It can be used to identify patterns in highly complex datasets and it can tell you what variables in your data are the most important. Lastly, it can tell you how accurate your new understanding of the data actually is. In this video, I go one step at a time through PCA, and the method used to solve it, Singular Value Decomposition. I take it nice and slowly so that the simplicity of the method is revealed and clearly explained. If you are interested in doing PCA in R see: https://youtu.be/0Jp4gsfOLMs If you are interested in learning more about how to determine the number of principal components, see: https://youtu.be/oRvgq966yZg For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:30 Conceptual motivation for PCA 3:23 PCA worked out for 2-Dimensional data 5:03 Finding PC1 12:08 Singular vector/value, Eigenvector/value and loading scores defined 12:56 Finding PC2 14:14 Drawing the PCA graph 15:03 Calculating percent variation for each PC and scree plot 16:30 PCA worked out for 3-Dimensional data #statquest #PCA #ML
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StatQuest: PCA main ideas in only 5 minutes!!!
2017-12-04
The main ideas behind PCA are actually super simple and that means it's easy to interpret a PCA plot: Samples that are correlated will cluster together apart from samples that are not correlated with them. In this video, I walk through the ideas so that you will have an intuitive sense of how PCA plots are draw. If you'd like more details, check out my full length PCA video here: https://youtu.be/_UVHneBUBW0 For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:27 Motivation for using PCA 1:23 Correlations among samples 3:36 PCA converts correlations into a 2-D graph 4:26 Interpreting PCA plots 5:08 Other options for dimension reduction #statquest #PCA #ML
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StatQuest: PCA - Practical Tips
2018-04-09
This is a follow-up video for StatQuest: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Step-by-Step https://youtu.be/FgakZw6K1QQ In it, I give practical advice about the need to scale your data, the need to center your data, and how many principal components you should expect to get. If you are interested in doing PCA in R see: https://youtu.be/0Jp4gsfOLMs For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:47 Make sure the data are on the same scale 2:53 Make sure the data are centered 3:30 How to determine the number of principal components #statquest #PCA #ML
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StatQuest: PCA in R
2017-11-27
We've talked about the theory behind PCA in https://youtu.be/FgakZw6K1QQ Now we talk about how to do it in practice using R. If you want to copy and paste the code I use in this video, it's right here in the StatQuest GitHub: https://github.com/StatQuest/pca_demo/blob/master/pca_demo.R For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #PCA
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StatQuest: PCA in Python
2018-01-08
You asked for it, you got it! Now I walk you through how to do PCA in Python, step-by-step. It's not too bad, and I'll show you how to generate test data, do the analysis, draw fancy graphs and interpret the results. If you want to download the code, here's the link to the StatQuest GitHub: https://github.com/StatQuest/pca_demo/blob/master/pca_demo.py For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 1:06 Load modules and generate data 5:03 Scaling and centering data 7:31 Use scikit for PCA 8:34 Draw a scree plot 9:18 Draw a PCA plot 10:18 Examine the loading scores Correction: 3:23 The array should only have wt through wt5, ko1 through ko5. #statquest #PCA
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StatQuest: Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) clearly explained.
2016-07-10
LDA is surprisingly simple and anyone can understand it. Here I avoid the complex linear algebra and use illustrations to show you what it does so you will know when to use it and how to interpret the results. Sample code for R is at the StatQuest GitHub: https://github.com/StatQuest/linear_discriminant_analysis_demo/blob/master/linear_discriminant_analysis_demo.R For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:59 Motivation for LDA 5:03 LDA Main Idea 5:29 LDA with 2 categories and 2 variables 7:07 How LDA creates new axes 10:03 LDA with 2 categories and 3 or more variables 10:57 LDA for 3 categories 13:39 Similarities between LDA and PCA #statquest #LDA #ML
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Bam!!! Clearly Explained!!!
2020-04-01
This StatQuests demystifies one of the most complicated terms in all of statistics and machine learning, BAM!!! We'll walk through what BAM!!! means one step at a time, and when we're done, you'll know everything you wanted to know about BAM!!! For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Support StatQuest by buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:30 Examples of BAM 0:59 What is BAM? 1:12 BAM defined 2:03 The Dreaded Terminology Alert 2:12 Review of concepts #statquest #bam
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StatQuest: MDS and PCoA
2017-12-11
MDS (multi-dimensional scaling) and PCoA (principal coordinate analysis) are very, very similar to PCA (principal component analysis). There really only one small difference, but that difference means you need to know what you're doing if you're going to use MDS effectively. This video make sure you learn what you need to know to use MDS and PCoA. There is a minor error at 4:14: The difference for gene 3 should be (2.2 - 1)². Instead the distance for gene 2 was repeated. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #MDS #PCoA
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StatQuest: MDS and PCoA in R
2017-12-18
Doing MDS (multi-dimensional scaling) and PCoA (principal coordinate analysis) is pretty easy with the cmdscale() option. However, there are some tricks to it and I show you how to create a distance matrix using a non-standard distance metric. If you want the code that I used in this video, you can get it from the StatQuest GitHub: https://github.com/StatQuest/mds_and_pcoa_demo/blob/master/mds_and_pcoa_demo.R For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #MDS #PCoA
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StatQuest: t-SNE, Clearly Explained
2017-09-18
t-SNE is a popular method for making an easy to read graph from a complex dataset, but not many people know how it works. Here's the inside scoop. Here’s how to create a t-SNE graph in R (this is copied from the help file for Rtsne)… library("Rtsne") iris_unique <- unique(iris) # Remove duplicates iris_matrix <- as.matrix(iris_unique[,1:4]) set.seed(42) # Set a seed if you want reproducible results tsne_out <- Rtsne(iris_matrix) # Run TSNE # Show the objects in the 2D tsne representation plot(tsne_out$Y,col=iris_unique$Species) This StatQuest is based on the original t-SNE manuscript, and it's not super hard to read (especially if you understand the general idea of how it works): https://lvdmaaten.github.io/publications/papers/JMLR_2008.pdf For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 1:19 Overview of what t-SNE does 2:24 Overview of how t-SNE works 4:12 Step 1: Determine high-dimensional similarities 9:26 Step 2: Determine low-dimensional similarities 10:33 Step 3: Move points in low-d 11:05 Why the t-distribution is used instead of the normal distribution Corrections: 6:17 I should have said that the blue points have twice the density of the purple points. 7:08 There should be a 0.05 in the denominator, not a 0.5. #statquest #tsne
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StatQuest: Hierarchical Clustering
2017-06-20
Hierarchical clustering is often used with heatmaps and with machine learning type stuff. It's no big deal, though, and based on just a few simple concepts. If you want to draw a heatmap using R, I've put some sample code on my webiste: https://statquest.org/statquest-hierarchical-clustering/ For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer #statquest #ML #clustering
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StatQuest: K-means clustering
2018-05-23
K-means clustering is used in all kinds of situations and it's crazy simple. The R code is on the StatQuest GitHub: https://github.com/StatQuest/k_means_clustering_demo/blob/master/k_means_clustering_demo.R For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:33 The K-means clustering algorithm 4:26 How to pick a value for K (How to use an elbow plot) 6:06 K-means vs Hierarchical Clustering 6:28 K-means clustering and 2-Dimensional data 7:08 K-means clustering and heatmaps Corrections: 5:58 I should have put "Reduction in Variation" instead of "Reduction is Variation" 7:25 Point (7,-8) should be in the lower right-hand quadrant. 8:25 The "nclust =25" in the arguments is actually "nstart=25" #statquest #ML
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Clustering with DBSCAN, Clearly Explained!!!
2022-01-10
DBSCAN is a super useful clustering algorithm that can handle nested clusters with ease. This StatQuest shows you exactly how it works. BAM! For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying my book, The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning: PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 1:01 The problems solved by DBSCAN 3:00 How DBSCAN works 8:12 How DBSCAN deals with ties #StatQuest #DBSCAN #Clustering
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StatQuest: K-nearest neighbors, Clearly Explained
2017-06-26
Machine learning and Data Mining sure sound like complicated things, but that isn't always the case. Here we talk about the surprisingly simple and surprisingly effective K-nearest neighbors algorithm. For a complete index of all the StatQuest videos, check out: https://statquest.org/video-index/ If you'd like to support StatQuest, please consider... Buying The StatQuest Illustrated Guide to Machine Learning!!! PDF - https://statquest.gumroad.com/l/wvtmc Paperback - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZCKR4H6 Kindle eBook - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09ZG79HXC Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/statquest ...or... YouTube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw/join ...a cool StatQuest t-shirt or sweatshirt: https://shop.spreadshirt.com/statquest-with-josh-starmer/ ...buying one or two of my songs (or go large and get a whole album!) https://joshuastarmer.bandcamp.com/ ...or just donating to StatQuest! https://www.paypal.me/statquest Lastly, if you want to keep up with me as I research and create new StatQuests, follow me on twitter: https://twitter.com/joshuastarmer 0:00 Awesome song and introduction 0:21 K-NN overview 0:44 K-NN applied to scatterplot data 2:44 K-NN applied to a heatmap 4:12 Thoughts on how to pick 'K' #statquest #KNN #ML
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