title stringlengths 0 1.13k | abstract stringlengths 1 15.7k | PMID int64 22 36.5M |
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Attachment of 3-(Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane on silicon oxide surfaces: dependence on solution temperature. | Parameters important to the self-assembly of 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) on chemically grown silicon oxide (SiO 2) to form an aminopropyl silane (APS) film have been investigated using in situ infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy. Preannealing to approximately 70 degrees C produces significant improvements ... | 18,942,864 |
[Jejunal mucormycosis in a patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma]. | We report a case of intestinal mucormycosis in a 46-year-old male diagnosed with classical Hodgkin's disease, IV-B stage. During the first phase of chemotherapy he had a massive digestive bleeding event secondary to a jejunal ulcer, and zygomicosis mucor-type was diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy. The patient was treated ... | 18,942,905 |
The effects of complications and comorbidities on the quality of preventive diabetes care: a literature review. | Although concurrent conditions such as complications and comorbidities are common in people with diabetes, both are often omitted from studies of the quality of diabetes preventive care. This systematic review of the literature on the quality of diabetes preventive care assesses not only trends in the reporting of and ... | 18,942,927 |
Alternative disease control agents induce resistance to blue mold in harvested 'red delicious' apple fruit. | ABSTRACT Alternative control agents, including UV-type C (254 nm) irradiation, yeasts antagonistic to fungal growth, chitosan and harpin, were evaluated for their ability to induce resistance in cv. Red Delicious apple fruit against postharvest blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum. Freshly harvested and controlled ... | 18,942,970 |
Characterization of the Microbial Community Involved in the Suppression of Pythium aphanidermatum in Cucumber Grown on Rockwool. | ABSTRACT The root pathogen Pythium aphanidermatum induced lower levels of disease in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants on unsterilized, re-used rockwool slabs than on heat-sterilized, re-used rockwool. Several recolonization treatments of the sterilized rockwool enhanced the suppressiveness of the rockwool. Microbial c... | 18,943,014 |
Is Change in Electrical Potential or pH a Hatching Signal for Heterodera glycines? | ABSTRACT This study explored the possibilities that changes in the egg shell/lipid layer electrical potential or pH communicate external hatching conditions to the Heterodera glycines second-stage juvenile (J2) within the mature egg and that electrophysiology could measure effects of chemicals on emergence. Potentials ... | 18,943,019 |
Characterization of Botryosphaeria dothidea Isolates Collected from Pistachio and Other Plant Hosts in California. | ABSTRACT Eighty-six isolates of Botryosphaeria dothidea, the causal agent of Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight of pistachio, were collected from pistachio and other plant hosts in California. The isolates were characterized by microsatellite-primed polymerase chain reaction (MP-PCR), sequences of the nuclear ribo... | 18,943,026 |
Modeling Spatial Characteristics in the Biological Control of Fungi at Leaf Scale: Competitive Substrate Colonization by Botrytis cinerea and the Saprophytic Antagonist Ulocladium atrum. | ABSTRACT A spatially explicit model describing saprophytic colonization of dead cyclamen leaf tissue by the plant-pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea and the saprophytic fungal antagonist Ulocladium atrum was constructed. Both fungi explore the leaf and utilize the resources it provides. Leaf tissue is represented by a ... | 18,943,048 |
Antagonistic Interactions Between Strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | ABSTRACT The ability of some phytopathogenic bacterial strains to inhibit the growth of others in mixed infections has been well documented. Here we report that such antagonistic interactions occur between several wild-type strains of the rice bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. In mixed inoculatio... | 18,943,057 |
Sensitivity of Meloidogyne javanica and Tylenchulus semipenetrans to Isothiocyanates in Laboratory Assays. | ABSTRACT Isothiocyanates are released through enzymatic degradation of glucosinolates produced by plants in the family Brassicaceae. Glucosinolate profiles differ among plant species and the isothiocyanate derivatives differ in their toxicity to nematodes. Control of plant-parasitic nematodes in soil by isothiocyanates... | 18,943,062 |
Spatiotemporal analysis of epiphytotics of downy mildew of oilseed poppy in tasmania, australia. | Downy mildew, caused by Peronospora arborescens, has become the major disease affecting oilseed poppy (Papaver somniferum) since its first record in Tasmania in 1996. Two field trials conducted in 2000 and 2001 studied the progression and spatial distribution of downy mildew epiphytotics. The logistic and exponential m... | 18,943,064 |
Bayesian logistic regression of soybean sclerotinia stem rot prevalence in the u.s. North-central region: accounting for uncertainty in parameter estimation. | ABSTRACT Bayesian ideas have recently gained considerable ground in several scientific fields mainly due to the rapid progress in computing resources. Nevertheless, in plant epidemiology, Bayesian methodology is not yet commonly discussed or applied. Results of a logistic regression analysis of a 4-year data set collec... | 18,943,065 |
Mating and Pseudothecial Development in Mycosphaerella citri, the Cause of Citrus Greasy Spot. | ABSTRACT Greasy spot, caused by Mycosphaerella citri, is a serious disease of citrus in the Caribbean basin. M. citri is a loculoascomycete and produces pseudothecia in decomposing leaves after intermittent wetting and drying. A new in vitro mating technique was developed for production of pseudothecia on sterilized le... | 18,943,074 |
New applications of statistical tools in plant pathology. | ABSTRACT The series of papers introduced by this one address a range of statistical applications in plant pathology, including survival analysis, nonparametric analysis of disease associations, multivariate analyses, neural networks, meta-analysis, and Bayesian statistics. Here we present an overview of additional appl... | 18,943,077 |
Molecular and symptom analyses of phytoplasma strains from lettuce reveal a diverse population. | ABSTRACT Epidemics of aster yellows in lettuce in Ohio are caused by at least seven distinct phytoplasma strains in the aster yellows (AY) group. Five of the strains are newly reported: AY-BW, AY-WB, AY-BD3, AY-SS, and AY-SG. All seven strains were characterized based on symptoms in aster and lettuce, and by polymerase... | 18,943,104 |
Quantification of Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli in Mycorrhizal Bean Plants and Surrounding Mycorrhizosphere Soil Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Direct Isolations on Selective Media. | ABSTRACT The capacity of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices in reducing the presence of Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli in bean plants and the surrounding mycorrhizosphere soil was evaluated in a compartmentalized experimental system. Quantification of the pathogen and the symbiont in plant tissues, ... | 18,943,138 |
Predicting severity of asian soybean rust epidemics with empirical rainfall models. | ABSTRACT Although Asian soybean rust occurs in a broad range of environmental conditions, the most explosive and severe epidemics have been reported in seasons with warm temperature and abundant moisture. Associations between weather and epidemics have been reported previously, but attempts to identify the major factor... | 18,943,155 |
A Species-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Rapid Detection of Phytophthora nicotianae in Irrigation Water. | ABSTRACT Phytophthora nicotianae is a common and destructive pathogen of numerous ornamental, agronomic, and horticultural crops such as tobacco, tomato, and citrus. We have developed a species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for rapid and accurate detection of this pathogen in irrigation water, a primar... | 18,943,163 |
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Diversity in Cephalosporium maydis from Egypt. | ABSTRACT Cephalosporium maydis, the causal agent of late wilt of maize, was first described in Egypt in the 1960s, where it can cause yield losses of up to 40% in susceptible plantings. We characterized 866 isolates of C. maydis collected from 14 governates in Egypt, 7 in the Nile River Delta and 7 in southern (Middle ... | 18,943,166 |
Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Seedling Resistance to Isolates of Puccinia coronata in Oat. | ABSTRACT In our previous report, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for field adult plant resistance to crown rust were identified in an oat population of 152 F(5:6) recombinant inbred lines from the cross of 'Ogle' (susceptible)/MAM17-5 (resistant). The objectives of the present study were to identify in the same populatio... | 18,943,167 |
Composition and distribution of pythium communities in wheat fields in eastern washington state. | ABSTRACT Pythium spp. were isolated from a mixture of soil and roots collected from 80 wheat fields in eastern Washington in the summer of 2000 from an area encompassing approximately 27,000 km(2). These sites covered a range of soil textures (coarse to fine, silty loess), average annual precipitation (200 to 600 mm), ... | 18,943,168 |
Microsatellite markers for genes lr34/yr18 and other quantitative trait Loci for leaf rust and stripe rust resistance in bread wheat. | ABSTRACT Leaf rust and stripe rust, caused by Puccinia triticina and P. striiformis, respectively, are important diseases of wheat in many countries. In this study we sought to identify molecular markers for adult plant resistance genes that could aid in incorporating such durable resistance into wheat. We used a doubl... | 18,943,170 |
Stock-Type Susceptibility and Delineation of Treatment Areas for a Cryptic Pinus radiata Root Disease. | ABSTRACT Planting material with superior resistance to Armillaria root disease was identified in a field trial established to investigate variation in Armillaria infection among different Pinus radiata nursery stock types. At stand age 6.4 years, total infection incidence, mortality, and degree of root collar girdling ... | 18,943,181 |
A Review of Fusarium Wilt of Oil Palm Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis. | ABSTRACT Vascular wilt is the most destructive disease of oil palm in Africa and causes severe losses in some areas. Symptoms include initial wilting followed by desiccation of the fronds, which finally break and hang around the trunk. Internally, characteristic browning of the vascular elements is seen both in adult p... | 18,943,186 |
Mango malformation disease and the associated fusarium species. | ABSTRACT Mango malformation disease (MMD) occurs in Asia, Africa, and the Americas and was first reported in India in 1891. The vegetative form of MMD was first reproduced in 1966 with Fusarium moniliforme and the floral form with isolates of F. moniliforme var. subglutinans from both vegetative shoots and floral tissu... | 18,943,188 |
High temperatures activate local viral multiplication and cell-to-cell movement of Melon necrotic spot virus but restrict expression of systemic symptoms. | The infection of melon plants by Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) and the development of necrotic disease symptoms are a seasonal occurrence in Japan, which take place between winter and early summer, but not during mid-summer. In this paper we investigate the effect of three different temperatures (15, 20, and 25 degr... | 18,943,194 |
Pathogenesis of Eutypa lata in grapevine: identification of virulence factors and biochemical characterization of cordon dieback. | Eutypa lata is a vascular pathogen of woody plants. In the present study we (i) determined which component(s) of the cell wall polymers were degraded in naturally infected grapevines and in artificially inoculated grape wood blocks; (ii) compared the pattern of wood decay in the tolerant grape cv. Merlot versus the sus... | 18,943,199 |
Variability in morphology and aggressiveness among North American vegetative compatibility groups of Colletotrichum coccodes. | North American isolates of Colletotrichum coccodes, representing six vegetative compatibility groups (NA-VCG), were used to study morphological and pathogenic variability. The objective was to determine if variability in conidial and microsclerotial size was related to pathogenicity. Significant differences were detect... | 18,943,208 |
Germination of Ascospores of Gibberella zeae after exposure to various levels of relative humidity and temperature. | Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most important cereal diseases in the world and has caused major losses to the grain industry. The principal pathogen causing FHB in North America is Gibberella zeae (anamorph Fusarium graminearum). Information on survival and the conditions under which ascospores remain viable ... | 18,943,217 |
Ultrastructural study on acibenzolar-S-methyl-induced scab resistance in epidermal pectin layers of Japanese pear leaves. | The infection behavior of Japanese pear scab pathogen Venturia nashicola race 1 was studied ultrastructurally in acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM)-pretreated susceptible Japanese pear (cv. Kousui) leaves to determine the mechanism of ASM-induced scab resistance. On ASM-pretreated leaf surfaces, the infection behavior (conidia... | 18,943,227 |
Different ecological affinities and aggressiveness patterns among Didymella rabiei isolates from sympatric domesticated chickpea and wild Cicer judaicum. | Domesticated chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and its wild relative C. judaicum grow in sympatric distribution in Israel and both are susceptible to Ascochyta blight caused by Didymella rabiei. C. arietinum was grown for millennia in drier and hotter Levantine spring conditions while C. judaicum grows in the wetter and milde... | 18,943,229 |
Identification of specific fragments of HpaG Xooc, a harpin from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, that induce disease resistance and enhance growth in plants. | Harpin proteins from gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria can stimulate hypersensitive cell death (HCD) and pathogen defense as well as enhance growth in plants. Two of these diverse activities clearly are beneficial and may depend on particular functional regions of the proteins. Identification of beneficial and de... | 18,943,254 |
Evidence of induced systemic resistance against Botrytis elliptica in lily. | Lily leaf blight, caused by Botrytis elliptica, is an important fungal disease in Taiwan. In order to identify an effective, nonfungicide method to decrease disease incidence in Lilium formosanum, the efficacy of rhizobacteria eliciting induced systemic resistance (ISR) was examined in this study. Over 300 rhizobacteri... | 18,943,260 |
Spatial Distribution of Venturia inaequalis Airborne Ascospores in Orchards. | ABSTRACT Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) causes important economic losses in many apple production areas of the world. The disease is controlled by numerous fungicide applications regardless of the presence of ascospores in the orchard. Airborne ascospore concentration (AAC) can be measured in real time to time fungic... | 18,943,274 |
Phylogeography and Genotype-Symptom Associations in Early and Late Season Infections of Canola by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. | ABSTRACT Both typical late season stem infections and atypical early season rosette infections of canola, a relatively new crop in the southeastern United States, were caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The 51 DNA fingerprints (from 71 isolates) did not match any fingerprints from previous studies of canola or other c... | 18,943,276 |
Phosphite Inhibits Development of the Nematodes Heterodera avenae and Meloidogyne marylandi in Cereals. | ABSTRACT Phosphonic acid (H(3)PO(3)) solutions were applied to wheat or to bristle oat as soil drenches before inoculation with juveniles of the sedentary, endoparasitic nematodes Heterodera avenae or Meloidogyne marylandi. All the solutions, which were pH adjusted and added at levels as low as 0.63 mg of phosphite (HP... | 18,943,279 |
Characterization of a Regional Population of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum by Race, Cross Pathogenicity, and Vegetative Compatibility. | ABSTRACT Eighty-eight isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, collected from wilted watermelon plants and infested soil in Maryland and Dela-ware, were characterized by cross pathogenicity to muskmelon, race, and vegetative compatibility. Four isolates (4.5%) were moderately pathogenic to >/=2 of 18 muskmelon ... | 18,943,287 |
The effects of dispersal gradient and pathogen life cycle components on epidemic velocity in computer simulations. | ABSTRACT The velocity of expansion of focal epidemics was studied using an updated version of the simulation model EPIMUL, with model parameters relevant to wheat stripe rust. The modified power law, the exponential model, and Lambert's general model were fit to primary disease gradient data from an artificially initia... | 18,943,297 |
Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Is a Dead-End Host for Tomato yellow leaf curl virus. | ABSTRACT Tomato yellow leaf curl (TYLC) is one of the most devastating pathogens affecting tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) worldwide. The disease is caused by a complex of begomovirus species, two of which, Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), are responsible for e... | 18,943,307 |
The Genetic Structure of Australian Populations of Mycosphaerella musicola Suggests Restricted Gene Flow at the Continental Scale. | ABSTRACT Mycosphaerella musicola causes Sigatoka disease of banana and is endemic to Australia. The population genetic structure of M. musicola in Australia was examined by applying single-copy restriction fragment length polymorphism probes to hierarchically sampled populations collected along the Australian east coas... | 18,943,313 |
beta-1,3-Glucanase Activity in Peanut Seed (Arachis hypogaea) is Induced by Inoculation with Aspergillus flavus and Copurifies with a Conglutin-Like Protein. | ABSTRACT Infection of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) seed by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus is a serious problem that can result in aflatoxin contamination in the seed. Breeding resistant cultivars would be an effective approach to reduce aflatoxin accumulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the expr... | 18,943,315 |
Spatial and temporal increase of eastern filbert blight in European hazelnut orchards in the pacific northwest. | ABSTRACT Since its first detection in southwest Washington state 30 years ago, eastern filbert blight, caused by Anisogramma anomala, has spread slowly southward ( approximately 2 km/year) into the Willamette Valley of Oregon, an important hazelnut production region. Experiments were conducted to measure gradients of d... | 18,943,337 |
Infection of Winter Wheat by a beta-Glucuronidase-Transformed Isolate of Cephalosporium gramineum. | ABSTRACT Field-grown winter wheat was inoculated with a beta-glucuronidase-transformed isolate of Cephalosporium gramineum in two field seasons to elucidate the mode of infection in resistant and susceptible cultivars. Colonization of viable root epidermis and cortical cells occurred as soon as 15 days postinoculation ... | 18,943,341 |
A Model of the Effect of Pseudothecia on Genetic Recombination and Epidemic Development in Populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola. | ABSTRACT It is generally agreed that ascospores are the origin of primary infections for the disease septoria tritici blotch of wheat caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici). The epidemic during the growing season was previously ascribed to the asexual pycni-diospores dispersed over ... | 18,943,342 |
Molecular and Physiological Analysis of the Powdery Mildew Antagonist Pseudozyma flocculosa and Related Fungi. | ABSTRACT A number of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics were used to ascertain the identity and diversity of Pseudozyma flocculosa, a natural antagonist of powdery mildews that has received little attention in terms of taxonomy. To this end, several putative isolates of P. flocculosa as well as several closely re... | 18,943,343 |
Bacterial populations associated with rice seed in the tropical environment. | ABSTRACT During the 1995 wet season, harvested rice seed was collected from farmers' fields at different locations in Iloilo, Philippines. Bacterial isolations from crushed seed yielded 428 isolates. The isolates were characterized by BOX-polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting of total genomic DNA and represented 151... | 18,943,348 |
Quantitative Trait Loci in Sweet Corn Associated with Partial Resistance to Stewart's Wilt, Northern Corn Leaf Blight, and Common Rust. | ABSTRACT Partial resistance to Stewart's wilt (Erwina stewartii, syn. Pantoea stewartii), northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) (Exserohilum turcicum), and common rust (Puccinia sorghi) was observed in an F(2:3) population developed from a cross between the inbred sweet corn lines IL731a and W6786. The objective of this stu... | 18,943,349 |
A climate-based model for predicting geographic variation in swiss needle cast severity in the Oregon coast range. | ABSTRACT Since the early 1990s, Swiss needle cast disease caused by Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii has been increasing in Douglas-fir plantations in the Oregon Coast Range. Considerable variation in disease severity across the affected area often has been noted. We investigated the influence of site microclimate on fungal c... | 18,943,355 |
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Is Susceptible to the Parasitic Angiosperm Striga hermonthica, a Major Cereal Pathogen in Africa. | ABSTRACT Striga hermonthica is a parasitic weed endemic to sub-Saharan Africa. It most commonly parasitizes sorghum, maize, pearl millet, and upland rice, lowering yields and affecting the welfare of over 100 million people, principally subsistence farmers. Cereal crops with complete resistance to this pathogen have no... | 18,943,360 |
Molecular Diagnostics, Taxonomy, and Phylogeny of the Stem Nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci Species Complex Based on the Sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacer-rDNA. | ABSTRACT The stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci is of great economic importance worldwide as a parasite of agricultural crops and horticultural plants. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of rDNA from 23 populations of the D. dipsaci complex from various host plants were amplified and sequenced. Seven previously studi... | 18,943,362 |
Effects of Infection by Mycosphaerella graminicola on Translocation of Fluquinconazole in Wheat Seedlings. | ABSTRACT Translocation of (14)C-labeled fluquinconazole was measured using combustion analysis and radio thin-layer-chromatographic analysis in seedling wheat leaves uninfected and infected with Mycosphaerella graminicola. Two isolates were used with differing sensitivity to demethylation inhibitor fungicides. Fluquinc... | 18,943,375 |
Survival of Ralstonia solanacearum Biovar 2, the Causative Agent of Potato Brown Rot, in Field and Microcosm Soils in Temperate Climates. | ABSTRACT After outbreaks of potato brown rot in three different fields in the Netherlands, the fate of the brown rot pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2, was monitored in soil by immunofluorescence colony staining (IFC) supported by R. solanacearum division-2 specific polymerase chain reaction. In selected areas ... | 18,943,377 |
Prevalence of sclerotinia stem rot of soybeans in the north-central United States in relation to tillage, climate, and latitudinal positions. | ABSTRACT Since the early 1990s, Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, has caused considerable damage to soybean production in the north-central United States. To determine the extent of its distribution and associated factors, investigations were conducted in 1995 and 1996 in Illinois, Iowa, Minneso... | 18,943,379 |
A new strain of Melon necrotic spot virus that is unable to systemically infect Cucumis melo. | We report a new strain of Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) that is unable to systemically infect Cucumis melo. A spherical virus (W-isolate), about 30 nm in diameter like a carmovirus, was isolated from watermelons with necrotic symptoms. The W-isolate had little serological similarity to MNSV, and it did not cause any... | 18,943,404 |
Relating epidemic progress from a general disease model to seasonal appearance time of rusts in the United States: implications for soybean rust. | ABSTRACT Soybean rust, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, has been considered a threat to the production of the U.S. soybean, Glycine max. During the past decade, this disease gradually spread to Africa, South America, and recently to the United States. Previous soybean rust risk assessments with an assumption of availability of s... | 18,943,422 |
Effects of Angular Leaf Spot and Rust on Yield Loss of Phaseolus vulgaris. | ABSTRACT Three field experiments were conducted in 1997, 1998, and 1999 to investigate the effects of angular leaf spot and rust, separately or combined, on host growth and yield of individual bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris). In each experiment, three treatments were established by inoculating cv. Carioca with Phaeois... | 18,943,439 |
Transmission of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 by the vine mealybug (Planococcus ficus). | Grapevine leafroll disease is caused by grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs). Within this virus complex, GLRaV-3 is the predominant species in the world. Several GLRaVs have been shown to be transmitted from vine to vine by mealybugs although a detailed characterization of transmission biology is lacking. The... | 18,943,455 |
Genetic Structure and Analysis of Host and Nonhost Interactions of Striga gesnerioides (Witchweed) from Central Florida. | ABSTRACT Striga gesnerioides is a root hemiparasite of wild and cultivated legumes, among which cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and Indigofera hirsuta are suitable hosts. In this study, we examined the genetic structure and host-parasite interaction of a strain of S. gesnerioides parasitizing I. hirsuta (SGFL) from central ... | 18,943,469 |
Foliar spray of validamycin a or validoxylamine a controls tomato fusarium wilt. | ABSTRACT Tomato wilt, caused by the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, is effectively controlled by a foliar spray of validamycin A (VMA) or validoxylamine A (VAA) (>/=10 mug/ml); however, neither VMA nor VAA is antifungal in vitro. In pot tests, the effect of a foliar application of VMA or VAA ... | 18,943,474 |
Genetic Variation and Virulence on Lr26 in Puccinia triticina. | ABSTRACT The genetic relationships between isolates of Puccinia triticina virulent on wheat with the Lr26 resistance gene were studied. The diversity within and between isolates of P. triticina from Israel, Europe, and the United States was determined by virulence on near-isogenic Thatcher lines and by random amplified... | 18,943,488 |
High Variation in Pathogenicity of Genetically Closely Related Strains of Xanthomonas albilineans, the Sugarcane Leaf Scald Pathogen, in Guadeloupe. | ABSTRACT Pathogenicity of 75 strains of Xanthomonas albilineans from Guadeloupe was assessed by inoculation of sugarcane cv. B69566, which is susceptible to leaf scald, and 19 of the strains were selected as representative of the variation in pathogenicity observed based on stalk colonization. In vitro production of al... | 18,943,496 |
Inheritance and heritability of resistance to citrus leprosis. | ABSTRACT The genetic inheritance of resistance to leprosis, the most important viral disease of citrus in Brazil, was characterized through the phenotypic assessment of 143 hybrids resulting from crosses between tangor 'Murcott' (Citrus sinensis x C. reticulata) and sweet orange 'Pêra' (C. sinensis), considered to be r... | 18,943,497 |
Hierarchical Analysis of Diversity, Selfing, and Genetic Differentiation in Populations of the Oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches. | ABSTRACT Relatively little is known about the population biology of the legume pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches. A. euteiches is a soilborne pathogen causing Aphanomyces root rot of several legumes, including alfalfa, bean, lentil, and pea. Our objectives were to assess the degree of diversity, selfing, and population di... | 18,943,502 |
Combinations of Fungicides with Phylloplane Yeasts for Improved Control of Botrytis cinerea on Geranium Seedlings. | ABSTRACT Control of Botrytis cinerea on geranium seedlings was evaluated in treatments with phylloplane yeasts in combination with 10 fungicides used to manage Botrytis blight of ornamental plants. Rhodotorula glutinis PM4 significantly reduced the development of lesions caused by B. cinerea on geranium cotyledons; how... | 18,943,543 |
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis and Internal Transcribed Spacer and coxII Sequences Reveal a Species Boundary Within Pythium irregulare. | ABSTRACT Pythium irregulare is a plant-pathogenic oomycete that causes significant damage to a variety of crops, including ornamentals and vegetables. Morphological as well as molecular studies have reported high levels of genetic diversity within P. irregulare sensu lato which has raised the question as to whether it ... | 18,943,561 |
Spread of Heterobasidion annosum in Christmas Tree Plantations of the United States Pacific Northwest. | ABSTRACT The population structure of Heterobasidion annosum in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) Christmas tree plantations was estimated at two spatial scales to assess the relative importance of primary and secondary infection, colonization, and spread of the pathogen. Ninety-three isolates from single trees in 27 discrete... | 18,943,573 |
Molecular Detection of Phytophthora ramorum by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Using TaqMan, SYBR Green, and Molecular Beacons. | ABSTRACT Sudden oak death, caused by Phytophthora ramorum, is a severe disease that affects many species of trees and shrubs. This pathogen is spreading rapidly and quarantine measures are currently in place to prevent dissemination to areas that were previously free of the pathogen. Molecular assays that rapidly detec... | 18,943,583 |
A Combination of Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization Strengthens Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Race Identification. | ABSTRACT Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, causal agent of tan spot of wheat, produces multiple host-selective toxins (HSTs), including Ptr ToxA, Ptr ToxB, and Ptr ToxC. The specific complement of HSTs produced by a particular isolate determines its host cultivar specificity. Each unique specificity profile, represented by... | 18,943,600 |
Tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus, a New Begomovirus Species Causing a Severe Leaf Curl Disease of Tomato in Varanasi, India. | ABSTRACT The biological and molecular properties of Tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus from Varanasi, India (ToLCGV-[Var]) were characterized. ToLCGV-[Var] could be transmitted by grafting and through whitefly transmission in a persistent manner. The full-length genome of DNA-A and DNA-B of ToLCGV-[Var] was cloned in pUC18... | 18,943,612 |
A Recessive Allele (tgr-1) Conditioning Tomato Resistance to Geminivirus Infection Is Associated with Impaired Viral Movement. | ABSTRACT Begomoviruses (the family Geminiviridae) are transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci and contain monopartite or bipartite circular single-stranded (ss)DNA genomes. They have emerged as severe problems in the production of agricultural and horticultural crops worldwide. Here, we report the identification of ... | 18,943,632 |
Cost-effective control of a quarantine disease: a quantitative exploration using "design of experiments" methodology and bio-economic modeling. | ABSTRACT An integrated approach to control of quarantine diseases at the level of the plant production chain is complicated. The involved actors have different interests and the system is complex. Consequently, control policies may not be cost effective. By means of a bio-economic model for brown rot in the Dutch potat... | 18,943,634 |
Heritability of Latent Period Estimated from Wild-Type and Selected Populations of Puccinia triticina. | ABSTRACT Durability of partially resistant wheat cultivars to wheat leaf rust depends on the amount of genetic variation in parasitic fitness within populations of the pathogen Puccinia triticina. To assess the durability of partial resistance, selection experiments were used to explore quantitative variation in parasi... | 18,943,643 |
Relationships among resistances to fusarium and Aspergillus ear rots and contamination by fumonisin and aflatoxin in maize. | ABSTRACT Fusarium verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and Aspergillus flavus cause ear rots of maize and contaminate the grain with mycotoxins (fumonisin or aflatoxin). The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between resistance to Fusarium and Aspergillus ear rots and fumonisin and aflatoxin cont... | 18,943,650 |
Influence of Environmental Conditions on Spore Production and Budding in Taphrina deformans, the Causal Agent of Peach Leaf Curl. | ABSTRACT Environment-controlled studies were carried out to determine the growth of Taphrina deformans under different conditions of temperature, humidity, and nutrient availability similar to those found on plant surfaces during the peach-growing season. Both ascospores and blastospores were able to bud at all tempera... | 18,943,657 |
Identification of Common Epitopes on a Conserved Region of NSs Proteins Among Tospoviruses of Watermelon silver mottle virus Serogroup. | ABSTRACT The NSs protein of Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV) was expressed by a Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) vector in squash. The expressed NSs protein with a histidine tag and an additional NIa protease cleavage sequence was isolated by Ni(2+)-NTA resins as a free-form protein and further eluted after so... | 18,943,661 |
A survey of genetic variation in streptomyces isolates causing potato common scab in the United States. | ABSTRACT Common scab is a serious disease of potatoes and other root and tuber crops, affecting crop quality and market value. The disease is caused by gram positive soil bacteria in the genus Streptomyces. Disease incidence and severity vary in different locations and years; this is due in part to variation in the env... | 18,943,669 |
Induction of Soil Suppressiveness Against Rhizoctonia solani by Incorporation of Dried Plant Residues into Soil. | ABSTRACT Suppressive effects of soil amendment with residues of 12 cultivars of Brassica rapa on damping-off of sugar beet were evaluated in soils infested with Rhizoctonia solani. Residues of clover and peanut were tested as noncruciferous controls. The incidence of damping-off was significantly and consistently suppr... | 18,943,670 |
Interactions Between the Soybean Cyst Nematode and Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines Based on Greenhouse Factorial Experiments. | ABSTRACT The soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, and the fungus that causes sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean, Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines, frequently co-infest soybean (Glycine max) fields. The interactions between H. glycines and F. solani f. sp. glycines were investigated in factorial greenhouse exp... | 18,943,675 |
Wheat streak mosaic virus Lacking Helper Component-Proteinase Is Competent to Produce Disease Synergism in Double Infections with Maize chlorotic mottle virus. | ABSTRACT The tritimovirus Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and the machlomovirus Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) each cause systemic chlorosis in infected maize plants. Infection of maize with both viruses produces corn lethal necrosis disease (CLND). Here, we report that complete deletion of the WSMV helper compon... | 18,943,679 |
Polygenic Inheritance of Partial Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis Race 1.2 in Melon. | ABSTRACT Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis is responsible for Fusarium wilt of melon. Race 1.2 strains overcome two dominant resistance genes (Fom-1 and Fom-2) and are further divided into two types depending on the symptoms they cause, yellowing or wilting. Partial resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis race 1.2 wa... | 18,943,703 |
Rain Splash Dispersal of Gibberella zeae Within Wheat Canopies in Ohio. | ABSTRACT Rain splash dispersal of Gibberella zeae, causal agent of Fusarium head blight of wheat, was investigated in field studies in Ohio between 2001 and 2003. Samplers placed at 0, 30, and 100 cm above the soil surface were used to collect rain splash in wheat fields with maize residue on the surface and fields wit... | 18,943,705 |
Phylogenetic Analysis of "Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense" Reveals Distinct Populations in New Zealand. | ABSTRACT The phytoplasma "Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense" has been reported from New Zealand and Australia, where it has been associated with a range of host plants, especially since the 1970s. Partial tuf gene sequences of 36 New Zealand (NZ) isolates from four different host genera revealed nine different varian... | 18,943,748 |
Identifying risk factors for European stone fruit yellows from a survey. | ABSTRACT European stone fruit yellows (ESFY) is becoming a major economic problem for Prunus growers in Europe. The causal agent ("Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum") and its vector (Cacopsylla pruni) have been identified, but the present knowledge of the risk factors for this disease relies, at best, on specific experim... | 18,943,755 |
Development of conductive polymer analysis for the rapid detection and identification of phytopathogenic microbes. | ABSTRACT Conductive polymer analysis, a type of electronic aroma detection technology, was evaluated for its efficacy in the detection, identification, and discrimination of plant-pathogenic microorganisms on standardized media and in diseased plant tissues. The method is based on the acquisition of a diagnostic electr... | 18,943,759 |
The Low-Temperature-Induced Viable-But-Nonculturable State Affects the Virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum Biovar 2. | ABSTRACT The physiology and virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 strain 1609, kept in water at 4 and 20 degrees C, were studied. At 20 degrees C, total cell and plate count (colony forming units; CFU) numbers were similar, between log 5.03 and log 5.55 CFU, and log 5.03 and log 5.51 cells per ml, at days 0 and ... | 18,943,764 |
Genetic Mapping of Pathogenicity and Aggressiveness of Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum) Toward Wheat. | ABSTRACT Gibberella zeae is the major fungal pathogen of Fusarium head blight of wheat and produces several mycotoxins that are harmful to humans and domesticated animals. We identified loci associated with pathogenicity and aggressiveness on an amplified fragment length polymorphism based genetic map of G. zeae in a c... | 18,943,772 |
Ceratothripoides claratris, a New Vector of a Capsicum chlorosis virus Isolate Infecting Tomato in Thailand. | ABSTRACT Ceratothripoides claratris, the predominant thrips species on tomato in Thailand, was tested for vector competence and efficiency to transmit Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) (isolate AIT) to tomato. The efficiency of adult-stage transmission was influenced by the larval stage at which virus was acquired. Adult... | 18,943,782 |
Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis and Mapping of Seedling Resistance to Stagonospora nodorum Leaf Blotch in Wheat. | ABSTRACT Stagonospora nodorum leaf blotch is an economically important foliar disease in the major wheat-growing areas of the world. In related work, we identified a host-selective toxin (HST) produced by the S. nodorum isolate Sn2000 and determined the chromosomal location of the host gene (Snn1) conditioning sensitiv... | 18,943,794 |
Barley traits associated with resistance to fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol accumulation. | ABSTRACT Fusarium head blight (FHB) or scab is a destructive disease of barley in many countries. A better understanding of the interrelationships between plant traits and FHB resistance should help in the development of effective and efficient breeding strategies for FHB-resistant cultivars. Recent mapping studies ind... | 18,943,804 |
Temporal and quantitative analyses of stem lesion development and foliar disease progression of peach rust in california. | ABSTRACT The development of rust epidemics caused by Tranzschelia discolor on leaves and stems of cling peach was studied in California orchards. Sporulating stems lesions were only detected from late March until July in 1997 and 1998. When rust was present in the fall, the quadratic equation Y = -82.51 + 1.97JD - 0.01... | 18,943,819 |
Frequency of the Ht1 Gene in Populations of Sweet Corn Selected for Resistance to Exserohilum turcicum Race 1. | ABSTRACT The possibility that the Ht1 gene or genes tightly linked to Ht1 convey general resistance to races of Exserohilum turcicum that are virulent against Ht1 (i.e., residual resistance) could be useful in sweet corn where the Ht1 gene is present in many commercial hybrids and breeding populations. The objective of... | 18,943,840 |
Sequential sampling for incidence of phomopsis leaf blight of strawberry. | ABSTRACT Sequential sampling models for estimation and classification were developed for the incidence of strawberry leaflets infected by Phomopsis obscurans. Sampling protocols were based on a binary power law analysis of the spatial heterogeneity of Phomopsis leaf blight in commercial fields in Ohio. For sequential e... | 18,943,845 |
An analysis of the durability of resistance to plant viruses. | ABSTRACT Genetic resistance often fails because a resistance-breaking (RB) pathogen genotype increases in frequency. On the basis of an analysis of cellular plant pathogens, it was recently proposed that the evolutionary potential of a pathogen is a major determinant of the durability of resistance. We test this hypoth... | 18,943,860 |
Genetic and molecular analyses in crosses of race 2 and race 7 of albugo Candida. | ABSTRACT The inheritance of avirulence and polymorphic molecular markers in Albugo candida, the cause of white rust of crucifers, was studied in crosses of race 2 (Ac2), using isolates MiAc2-B1 or MiAc2-B5 (metalaxyl-insensitive and virulent to Brassica juncea cv. Burgonde) with race 7 (Ac7), using isolate MsAc7-A1 (me... | 18,943,862 |
Evolution of concepts in forest pathology. | ABSTRACT Foundation concepts in forest pathology are based on experiences evolving over time. Three examples will be addressed. (i) The primary concept behind education and research in forest pathology is the widely accepted attitude that disease-causing agents limit full utilization of forest resources. Therefore, we ... | 18,943,876 |
Four near-isogenic lines of cotton with different genes for bacterial blight resistance. | ABSTRACT The development and genetic characterization of four near-isogenic lines (NILs) of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is described herein. Each line contains a single, but different, gene for resistance to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum. The lines were derived using at least six bac... | 18,943,887 |
Characterization and distribution of mating type genes in the dothistroma needle blight pathogens. | ABSTRACT Dothistroma septosporum and D. pini are the two causal agents of Dothistroma needle blight of Pinus spp. in natural forests and plantations. Degenerate primers amplified portions of mating type genes (MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2) and chromosome walking was applied to obtain the full-length genes in both species. The m... | 18,943,931 |
Photosynthetic Declines in Phytophthora ramorum-Infected Plants Develop Prior to Water Stress and in Response to Exogenous Application of Elicitins. | ABSTRACT Phytophthora ramorum, causal agent of sudden oak death, is responsible for widespread oak mortality in California and Oregon, and has the potential to infect 100 or more species. Symptoms range from stem girdling and shoot blight to leaf spotting. In this study, we examined the physiological impacts of P. ramo... | 18,943,934 |
Role of iron in rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic resistance of cucumber. | ABSTRACT Seed treatment with the rhizosphere bacterium Serratia marcescens strain 90-166 suppressed anthracnose of cucumber, caused by Colleto-trichum orbiculare, through induced systemic resistance (ISR). When the iron concentration of a planting mix was decreased by addition of an iron chelator, suppression of cucumb... | 18,943,949 |
A Pectate Lyase Homolog, xagP, in Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines Is Associated with Hypersensitive Response Induction on Tobacco. | ABSTRACT Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines is the causal agent of bacterial pustule disease of soybeans. A transposon insertional mutant (KU-P-M670) of X. axonopodis pv. glycines derived from wild-type strain KU-P-34017 lost the ability to induce the hypersensitive response (HR) on tobacco and pepper but retained its... | 18,943,960 |
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