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Histochemistry of the duodenal glands of the cat and horse.
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The duodenal glands of cat and horse were studied using PAS, Alcian blue, dialysed iron, aldehyde fuchsin-Alcian blue and high iron diamine stains. It was found that the duodenal glands of the horse reacted positively to Alcian blue, dialysed iron stains and also took the Alcian blue stain in the combined aldehyde fuchsin-Alcian blue and high iron diamine-Alcian blue stains. Those of the cat gave negative results. These results suggest the presence of acidic groups in the mucosubstances secreted by the horse's duodenal glands. A suggestion is put forward on the strength of the high iron diamine-Alcian blue combined stains that the acidity is due to the presence of carboxyl groups. It is suggested that the acidity may be significant in either cellulose metabolism or the digestion of the bacterial microflora from the stomach of herbivores.
| 74,185
|
Cultural and physiological characteristics of Clostridium botulinum type G and the susceptibility of certain animals to its toxin.
|
Strain 89 of Clostridium botulinum type G, isolated by Gimenez and Ciccarelli in 1969, was characterized culturally, biochemically, and toxigenically. It was motile, hemolytic asaccharolytic, weakly proteolytic, lipase and lecithinase negative, and it produced acetic, isobutyric, butyric, and isovaleric acids in peptone-yeast extract-glucose broth. No spores were seen in smears from solid or liquid media. Very low levels of toxin were produced in regular broth cultures, but dialysis cultures yielded 30,000 mouse 50% mean lethal doses (LD50 per kg, orally and subcutaneously, respectively; and for guinea pigs, 10,000 to 20,000 and 100 mouse LD50 per kig, intragastrically and intraperitoneally, respectively.
| 74,236
|
Pemphigus-like antibodies in bullous pemphigoid.
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A patient had clinical, histopathologic, and direct immunofluorescent findings compatible with a diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. In addition, the patient's serum contained pemphigus-like antibodies with different antigenic specificities than true pemphigus antibodies. Absorption of the patient's serum with AB substance failed to block the intercellular substance staining but allowed the demonstration of a basement membrane zone reactive antibody as well. Atypical cases such as this should not cast doubt on the usefulness of immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of bullous skin diseases.
| 74,239
|
The surgical management of total atrioventricular canal lesions.
|
Between 1969 and 1976 sixteen children have had surgery for total atrioventricular canal lesions at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne. Twelve infants had palliative banding of the main pulmonary artery to control heart failure and prevent the development of pulmonary hypertension, with two hospital deaths (17%) and one late death. One other patient has been lost to follow-up and may also have died. Nine patients have undergone complete repair, with three hospital deaths (33%), and one later death at reoperation for residual mitral incompetence. Five of these had previously had banding of the main pulmonary artery, and the mortality has occurred exclusively in this group. The techniques of repair are discussed, and reasons advanced in favour of early primary repair of the defect in preference to palliative banding and later secondary repair.
| 74,247
|
The effects of ionophores on the fluorescence of the cation 3,3'-dipropyloxadicarbocyanine in the presence of pigeon erythrocytes, erythrocyte 'ghosts' or liposomes.
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1. Pigeon erythrocytes, resealed lysed erythrocytes or liposomes derived from erythrocyte lipids were suspended in solutions containing up to 2 micrometer-3,3'-dipropyloxadicarbocyanine iodide. Gramicidin, valinomycin, nigericin or carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxy-phenylhydrazone, or combinations of these, were used to induce electrical diffusion potentials dependent on Na+, K+ or protons. In each instance hyperpolarization of the cell membrane lowered the fluorescence of the cell suspension, a process that was completed in about 1 min. Subsequent depolarization caused an increase in fluorescence. 2. Quenching of the fluorescence of the cell suspension appeared to be due to the reversible binding of the dye to the cells. Much larger amounts of dye were bound, both to the intact and to the resealed erythrocytes, than would be expected if partitioning of the dye cation followed the Nernst equation. The dependence of the binding on the extracellular dye concentration was studied in the presence and absence of valinomycin. The results were consistent with the suggestion of Sims, Waggoner, Wang & Hoffman [(1974) Biochemistry 13, 3315-3330] that the dye was bound at both membrane surfaces and that, at low dye concentrations, hyperpolarizing the cells promoted dye binding at the inner membrane surface. 3. The applications of the technique are limited by the circumstance that the direct effect of the electric field on the uptake of the dye into the cells is amplified by a binding process that may be affected by other physiological variables.
| 74,249
|
[Histamine and serotonin liberation and vascular permeability in a focus of acute aseptic inflammation].
|
Degranulation of mast cells of albino rat peritoneal fluid and mesentery of the small intestine and the release of histamine and serotonin in acute aseptic peritonitis began the first minute after the damage and reached their maximum by the 5-th minute; by the 15-th minute the level of free amines did not differ significantly from the initial one. The dynamics of the immediate phase of increased vascular permeability corresponded to the dynamics of the free amines. The greatest increase of vascular permeability was noted on the 10th--15-th minute; it decreased considerably by the 20th minute. It was concluded that histamine and serotonin caused an increase of vascular permeability in acute aseptic peritonitis mainly within 15 minutes after the damage.
| 74,262
|
[Effect of cyngal on gastric secretion in rats].
|
The authors studied the influence of gallic salt of cynoglossophin-heliosupin alkaloid (cyngal), extracted from Cynoglossum officinale L. on the gastric secretion of rats. Cyngal proved to stimulate the secretory function of the rat stomach, beginning from the dose of 0.25 mg/kg. This action is explained by the capacity of the preparation to release histamine from the labile depot.
| 74,263
|
The effect of catecholamines on the in vivo and in vitro responses of the cat lung during anaphylaxis.
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1. Anaphylaxis in the lung of cats actively sensitized to Ascaris antigen has been investigated in vivo and in vitro. 2. In vivo there was a 100% increase in airways resistance and a 50% decrease in dynamic lung compliance following intravenous challenge with Ascaris antigen. Prostaglandin F2alpha induced similar changes but with histamine only dynamic lung compliance was affected. (-)-Isoprenaline prevented these prostaglandin F2alpha- and histamine-induced changes and caused a delay of about 2 min in the onset of the mechanical changes following anaphylactic challenge. 3. In vitro the isolated lung strip contracted within seconds of challenge whereas there was a delay of 2 to 3 min in the onset of the tracheal anaphylactic response. (-)-Isoprenaline, (-)-adrenaline and (+/-)-noradrenaline reduced the magnitude of anaphylactic contractions of the isolated trachea but did not significantly affect those of the isolated lung strip. This indicated lack of inhibition of mediator release from the lung parenchyma. 4. Histamine was released from sensitized lung fragments following challenge with the Ascaris extract. This release constituted 6.3% of the total tissue histamine and was not inhibited by (-)-isoprenaline (1 micrometer). 5. (-)-Isoprenaline abolished 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced contractions of the isolated trachea but not those elicited in response to acetylcholine. The isolated lung strip responses to histamine, prostaglandin F2alpha and 5-HT were highly resistant to inhibition by (-)-isoprenaline.
| 74,265
|
Cellular localization and concentration of bone cyclic nucleotides in response to acute PTE administration.
|
The cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP concentrations of alveolar bone of control and PTE-treated cats were measured by chemical and immunohistochemical methods. In the PTE-treated animals, alveolar bone osteoblasts stained intensely for cAMP, but very weakly for cGMP; the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells stained for cAMP similarly to the controls, but some PDL cells stained more intensely for cGMP than their controls; osteocytes stained for cAMP with greater intensity than in the controls; osteoclasts stained intensely for both cyclic nucleotides. We found that bone samples taken from animals 20 and 60 min after administration of PTE contained twice the amount of cAMP, and almost three times the amount of cGMP observed in the controls. These results indicate that the cellular source of bone cyclic nucleotides in PTE-treated animals varies as to cell type, and therefore in bone and PDL the functions mediated by cAMP are not necessarily antagonistic to those mediated by cGMP.
| 74,278
|
Effects of variations in renal function on the clinical pharmacology of bleomycin administered as an iv bolus.
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The clinical pharmacology of bleomycin administered as an iv bolus has been studied in a homogeneous group of patients receiving a single regimen containing bleomycin, vinblastine, and cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II). These studies demonstrated that in patients with creatinine clearances greater than or equal to 35 ml/minute, the serum (or plasma) terminal elimination half-life of bleomycin was approximately 115 minutes. In patients with creatinine clearances less than 25-35 ml/minute, the terminal elimination half-life increased exponentially as the creatinine clearance decreased. The volume of distribution was approximately 20 liters, and was unaffected by changes in the creatinine clearance. The microbiologic assay and radioimmunoassay employed gave equivalent results.
| 74,282
|
[Combined doxorubicin and bleomycin treatment of metastasising thyroid carcinoma: results in 21 patients (author's transl)].
|
The effectiveness of combined cytostatic treatment with doxorubicin and bleomycin was analysed in 21 patients with metastasising thyroid carcinoma which had progressed despite both surgical and radiotherapy. Tumour histology (anaplastic carcinoma in 50%), age and general condition of all patients pointed to a poor prognosis. Significant success (full or partial remission) occurred in eight patients. It is possible that these results can be improved if chemotherapy is started earlier and other cytostatic drugs are used in case of failure of treatment.
| 74,313
|
Some peculiar changes in the pattern of respiration connected with REM sleep. A preliminary report.
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In the course of polygraphic studies of night sleep the authors recorded respiration through the right and left nostrils by means of two thermoelements. They observed a peculiar and unexpected phenomenon: during the REM sleep phase of the 3rd sleep cycle of 4 healthy persons with 6 full night recordings, respiration through the left nostril stopped, whereas it increased both in frequency and amplitude through the right nostril. This type of respiration continued until awakening. In 2 patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy and in 2 others with idiopathic hypersomnia (8 nights recorded) the same phenomenon was observed with the difference that respiration disappeared on the right side and was preserved on the left side. Furthermore, these changes occurred earlier than in healthy persons. The above changes could be explained by congestion of the venous plexi of the nose.
| 74,319
|
Ultrastructure of isolated human mast cells during histamine release induced by ionophore A 23187.
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In the presence of calcium, the ionophore A 23187 (10(-7) TO 10(-6) M) causes a dose-dependent histamine release from isolated human mast cells. The accompanying degranulation process is characterized by a formation of channels of fused mast cell granules and by an exocytotic extrusion of altered granule material. Simultaneously, large numbers of newly formed 70 A filaments occur. These filaments probably have a key function in secreting human mast cells.
| 74,364
|
Antigen-, anti-F(ab')2- and anti-IgE-induced histamine release from rat mast cells.
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The existence of IgE antibody molecules on peritoneal mast cells from rats immunized with dinitrophenylated ascaris extract was demonstrated by double antibody immunofluorescence staining and by histamine release induced by anti-IgE antibodies. Cross-linking of the IgE molecules, which are fixed to mast cells, by interaction with either the homologous antigen or with antibodies to the Fab or Fc regions of IgE, triggered in the presence of calcium ions a chain of intracellular reactions which involve cyclic nucleotide modulation and energy-requiring processes leading ultimately to the release of histamine from the granules of these cells. Although there was no apparent difference in the mechanism(s) underlying the reactions triggered by any of these three agents, the extent of histamine release caused by antibodies to the Fc region of the IgE was significantly lower than that induced by cross-linking of IgE molecules through their Fab regions by reactions with either anti-Fab antibodies or antigens.
| 74,366
|
[Peptidases. I. Histochemical investigations with 2-naphthylamides and hexazonium-p-rosanilin (author's transl)].
|
Using fresh frozen (with and without semipermeable membranes), freeze-dried or sections from aldehyde fixed material and hexazotized p-rosaniline for simultaneous coupling more than 20 different unsubstituted or substituted L-amino acid naphthylamides are split especially in the microvilli and/or stereocilia of the small intestine, kidney and epididymis from rats. Further sites of positive reactions can be revealed by L-alanyl, L-leucyl, L-lysyl, alpha,L-glutamyl, gamma,L-glutamyl, L-asparaginyl, N-benzoyl-L-arginyl, N-carbobenzoxy-L-arginyl and N-benzoyl-L-phenylalanyl 2-naphthylamide. Among the substituted and unsubstituted peptide 2-naphthylamides L-prolyl-L-arginyl 2-naphthylamide is not hydrolysed in visible amounts; L-arginyl-L-arginyl, L-alanyl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl, L-alanyl-L-leucyl-L-tyrosyl, L-histidyl-L-seryl, L-seryl-L-tyrosyl and L-glycy-L-phenylalanyl 2-naphthylamide are metabolized in the renal and intestinal brush border; the reaction pattern obtained with N-carbobenzoxy-L-glycyl-L-glycyl-L-arginyl 2-naphthylamide differs from that of N-carbobenzoxy-L-arginyl 2-naphthylamide. In addition L-glycyl-L-prolyl, L-leucyl-L-alanyl, L-lysyl-L-alanyl and L-alanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl 2-naphthylamide are also split in the lysosomes of many organs and the secretion granules of gland cells.
| 74,373
|
Plasma kallikrein activation and inhibition during typhoid fever.
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As an ancillary part of a typhoid fever vaccine study, 10 healthy adult male volunteers (nonimmunized controls) were serially bled 6 days before to 30 days after ingesting 10(5)Salmonella typhi organisms. Five persons developed typhoid fever 6-10 days after challenge, while five remained well. During the febrile illness, significant changes (P < 0.05) in the following hematological parameters were measured: a rise in alpha(1)-antitrypsin antigen concentration and high molecular weight kininogen clotting activity; a progressive decrease of platelet count (to 60% of the predisease state), functional prekallikrein (55%) and kallikrein inhibitor (47%) with a nadir reached on day 5 of the fever and a subsequent overshoot during convalescence. Despite the drop in functional prekallikrein and kallikrein inhibitor, there was no change in factor XII clotting activity or antigenic concentrations of prekallikrein and the kallikrein inhibitors, C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) and alpha(2)-macroglobulin. Plasma from febrile patients subjected to immunoelectrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis contained a new complex displaying antigenic characteristics of both prekallikrein and C1-INH; the alpha(2)-macroglobulin, antithrombin III, and alpha(1)-antitrypsin immunoprecipitates were unchanged. Plasma drawn from infected-well subjects showed no significant change in these components of the kinin generating system. The finding of a reduction in functional prekallikrein and kallikrein inhibitor (C1-INH) and the formation of a kallikrein C1-INH complex is consistent with prekallikrein activation in typhoid fever. The correlation of these changes with the drop in platelet count suggests that a common mechanism may be responsible.
| 74,379
|
Particle--lamella complexes in a case of human benign prostate hyperplasia: brief communication.
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Particle--lamella complexes (PLC's), described for the first time, were found in glandular epithelial cells of the hyperplastic prostate tissues from a patient with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. PLC's observed in this patient were similar to those seen in human hematopoietic neoplastic cells. They showed cylindroid forms and were composed of concentrically arranged lamellae and particles found in rows between these lamellae. PLC is closely related to rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and some PLC's were completely surrounded by RER. Particles approximately 25--30 nm in diameter were similar to ribosomes in size, shape, and electron density; lamellae approximately 10 nm thick appeared circular in cross sections and lamellar in longitudinal sections. Although the nature and function of PLC's are as yet unknown, the present observation indicated that PLC's are not a characteristic structure restricted to malignant tumors of hematopoietic origin.
| 74,415
|
Demonstration of thymus-leukemia (TL) antigens on mitochondria of lymphoid cells by immunoelectron microscopy.
|
The presence of thymus-leukemia (TL) antigens on the surfaces of mitochondria isolated from TL+ cells, e.g., RADA 1 leukemia cells, and TL+ normal thymocytes, has been directly demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy. Reagents used were TL alloantiserum and a hemocyanin conjugate of rabbit antibody to mouse IgG. No hemocyanin labeling was observed on mitochondria obtained from TL- cells, e.g., thymocytes of TL- strains, splenocytes of either TL+ or TL- strains, and TL- leukemia cells. The concurrence of TL antigens on the plasma and mitochondrial membranes was shown by the ability of intact cells to absorb all reactivity toward mitochondria.
| 74,453
|
Disturbed oxidative metabolism in organic brain syndrome caused by bismuth in skin creams.
|
Two patients are described with an organic brain syndrome thought to be due to bismuth (Bi) absorbed from a skin cream. Both patients had intellectual impairment and memory loss punctuated by periods of confusion, tremulousness, clumsiness, difficulty in walking, and myoclonic jerks. A similar clinical picture has been reported from Australia and France in patients taking insoluble bismuth salts by mouth. Bi was found in cerebral venous blood in both patients and in the cerebrospinal fluid in one. It is suggested that bismuth can cross the blood/brain barrier and disturb oxidative cerebral metabolism, because increased lactate production was found with decreased consumption of oxygen and glucose and lowered cerebral blood-flow.
| 74,459
|
Variable adherence to normal human urinary-tract epithelial cells of Escherichia coli strains associated with various forms of urinary-tract infection.
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The ability to become attached to normal epithelial cells from the urinary tract was much greater in Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from the urine of patients with acute symptomatic pyelonephritis or cystitis than in those isolated from the urine of patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Attachment of the bacteria could be prevented by incubation in urine containing antibodies against the strain tested. The ability to attach to uroepithelial cells might be a virulence factor for E. coli strains which cause symptomatic urinary-tract infection.
| 74,461
|
Osteomalacia after small-intestinal resection.
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Histological examination of bone from 25 patients with small-intestinal resection showed that 9 (36%) had osteomalacia, which was severe in 5 and mild in 4. The serum-alkaline-phosphatase concentration was raised in all patients with severe osteomalacia, but serum calcium, phosphate, and alkaline-phosphatase concentrations were normal in the 4 patients with mild disease, 2 of whom had symptoms. Osteomalacia was diagnosed radiologically in only 3 patients. Osteomalacia appears to be commoner in patients with small-intestinal resection than has previously been thought, and bone biopsy is essential if all cases are detected. Although high-dose parenteral vitamin-D therapy is usually effective in the treatment of osteomalacia after small-intestinal resection, our findings showed that oral vitamin-D metabolites and their analogues may also be effective. This has important practical advantages.
| 74,542
|
Rubella infection and diabetes mellitus.
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The incidence of diabetes mellitus was increased in patients with congenital rubella. Experimental congenital rubella infection in rabbits caused histological changes in the beta-cells of the pancreatic islets similar to those found in mice made diabetic by the M variant of the encephalomyocarditis virus. It is concluded that the diabetes seen in congenital rubella is due to viral infection of the pancreatic islet cells.
| 74,564
|
Smoking and industrial pollution, and their effects on menopause and ovarian cancer.
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The rodent ovary contains an enzyme system(s) capable of metabolising poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to reactive electrophilic intermediates known to cause cytotoxicity, mutation, and cancer. If the human ovary contains similar enzyme systems, metabolic activation of environmental chemicals could explain the earlier menopause in cigarette smokers and the higher incidence of ovarian cancer in industrialised areas.
| 74,610
|
Cholestasis in acute alcoholic liver disease.
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10 of a series of 108 patients with alcoholic liver disease presented with cholestasis associated with non-cirrhotic alcoholic liver disease and without evidence of extrahepatic biliary obstruction. In 7 patients liver histology and the associated conditions presenting as cholestasis were heterogeneous. However, in 3 patients who had been drinking excessively before cholestatic jaundice developed, cholestasis was a major feature of liver histology. The term acute alcoholic cholestasis is suggested for this apparently distinct syndrome of cholestatic jaundice in the absence of hepatitis.
| 74,724
|
Peripheral vascular disease in cigarette smokers and impaired hepatic metabolism of lipoprotein remnants.
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The metabolism of very-low-density lipoproteins and chylomicrons includes the extrahepatic hydrolysis of their triglycerides by lipoprotein lipase. This results in cholesterol-rich "remnants" which are further metabolised by the liver. There is experimental evidence that in both patients with type-III hyperlipoproteinaemia and cigarette smokers hepatic-remnant metabolism may be depressed. In type-III hyperlipoproteinaemia the defect is inherited while in smokers it occurs in response to raised blood concentrations of carboxyhaemoglobin. The striking clinical similarity between type-III hyperlipoproteinaemic patients and smokers--namely, a high incidence of peripheral vascular disease--may be due to a common cause, the accumulation of cholesterol-rich remnants in the plasma.
| 74,734
|
Limitations of audiovisual aids and educational objectives in a clinical clerkship.
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The several components of a clinical clerkship were analyzed and correlated with Part II National Board scores and career choice. No positive correlations could be made between fulfilling educational objectives, utilization of audiovisual aids, general satisfaction and the clerkship, and eventual career choice or performance on National Board Examinations.
| 74,817
|
An optoelectronic slide identifier.
|
An inexpensive optoelectronic slide identifier that uses binary code is described. It can be attached to most automatic projectors and provides for automatic indexing of up to two-hundred and fifty-five different coded slides, while each slide is being projectd.
| 74,822
|
A technique for the simultaneous staining of both nucleolar organizer regions and kinetochores of human chromosomes with silver.
|
Pretreatment of human metaphase chromosomes with NaOH at a pH of 8.5, followed by staining with silver nitrate, differentially stains both the nucleolar organizer regions on the 10 acrocentric chromosomes as well as the kinetochore centers on all 46 chromosomes.
| 74,868
|
Stabilization and preservation of the antigenic specificity of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei variant specific surface antigens by mild fixation techniques.
|
Living bloodstream trypansomes fixed by suspension in a 1% formalin solution maintain both their morphology and the immunological specificity of their variant specific surface glycoprotein, so allowing precise identification of the variant types present in a trypanosome population by direct or indirect immunofluorescence combined with phase microscopy. The technique is simple, adaptable to the study of low parasitaemias and should facilitate analysis of the phenomenon of antigenic variation both in the field and the laboratory.
| 74,941
|
[Study of various serum proteins in lung cancer. Immunoglobulins A, G, M, haptoglobin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-2-macroglobulin].
|
A statistical study of the plasma concentration of immunoglobulin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, and alpha-2-macroglobulin in 153 patients with primary carcinoma of the lung showed a strong increase in alpha-1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin and A and C immunoglobulins, whilst alpha-2-macroglobulin increases very moderately, and IgM does not vary. The relationships between variables are also modified, thus there appears a correlation between IgA and IgG to the detriment of the IgG/IgM relationship. Furthermore the coefficient of the correlation IgG/alpha-2-macroblobulin is lower in cancer patients.
| 74,964
|
[Pattern of suspended particles in the air of an urban zone].
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Measurements of suspended particulates have been carried out throughout one year in a fixed station located in a street with medium-high traffic intensity, in a urban area of Rome. Determinations have been made by gravimetric method on samples obtained by filtration through micropores membrane filters. Monthly patterns and weekly and daily patterns of particulates in summer and winter in the monitored area are reported, as well as the frequency distribution in average daily concentration classes over a period of one year.
| 74,965
|
Disc-electrophoretic separation of water soluble proteins from scales of different forms of ichthyosis.
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In extracts of scales of different forms of ichthyosis, disc-electrophoretic separation of water soluble proteins was performed. Number and position of the protein bands correspond with number and position of the bands of extracts of normal keratin and psoriatic scales. However, in comparison to normal keratin, all examined forms of ichthyosis showed in zone II the enriched bands Nos. 6 and 7. This permits a distinct differentiation from psoriasis in which in zone II the bands Nos. 9 and 10 are enriched. In congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma and in ichthyosis combined with atopic dermatitis, in zone III the bands, containing gamma globulins, are enriched as an expression of the concomittant exudative process. The protein content of scale extracts of ichthyosis is 2 to 5 times lower than the one of psoriasis.
| 74,983
|
A spectroscopic investigation of the metal binding site of bleomycin A2. The Cu(II) and Zn(II) derivatives.
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Using a combination of ultraviolet-visible absorption, 1H NMR and ESR techniques we have established that N(1) of the imidazole and N(1) of the pyrimidine residues of bleomycin A2 bind to Cu(II) and Zn(II). The observations coupled with the earlier results that the alpha-amino group of the alpha-amino carboxamide function and the carbamoyl moiety are also Cu(II)-ligating groups makes it possible to reconstruct the detailed geometry and stereochemistry of the metal binding site of bleomycin A2.
| 75,023
|
Zinc uptake by isolated rat liver parenchymal cells.
|
Primary cultures of rat liver parenchymal cells maintained as a monolayer in serum-free culture medium were used to investigate the characteristics of zinc accumulation in vitro. Liver parenchymal cells accumulated zinc by a temperature-dependent, saturable process that was inhibited by cyanide, azide, oligomycin, N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide. Cadmium reversibly inhibited zinc accumulation in both serum-free and serum-containing media. Gel filtration chromatographic studies showed that recently accumulated intracellular zinc was present as a low molecular weight complex smaller than metallothionein, the zinc storage protein, but larger than individual amino acids. The quantity of zinc accumulated was affected by preincubation of the cells with various hor?ONES. Dexamethasone, prednisone and prednisolone each increased zinc uptake by 40--50% when either insulin or glucagon was also present. Hydrocortisone, cortisone and sex steroids did not influence zinc accumulation. Removal of the polypeptide hormones from the medium abolished the stimulatory effect of the synthetic glucocorticoid steroid hormones on zinc accumulation.
| 75,027
|
A Golgi study of the hypothalamus of actinopterygii.
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The preoptic area of a primitive actinopterygian, the polypteriform, Calamoichthys calabaricus Smithi, and of the teleost, Anguilla anguilla L., have been studied by Golgi and other neurohistological and histochemical methods. In the preoptic area two regions can be recognized: a cell rich median region and a lateral one, composed mostly of fiber systems. After Golgi staining a varied population of neurons is seen, including: (1) magnocellular neurons, endowed with a number of dendrites and an axon emerging from the main dendritic shaft; (2) lophodendritic tufted or pyriform neurons of variable morphology (often of the midget type); (3) cerebrospinal fluid contacting neurons; (4) bipolar and horizontal neurons. Of relevant interest is also the observation of commissural neurons, of a distinct precommissural necleus, and of bipolar neurons, the axons of which course toward the ventral hypopallium.
| 75,069
|
HLA antigen frequencies in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
|
The frequency of HLA antigens in twenty-two Caucasian patients with allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and sixty-nine unrelated Caucasian controls was determined. The results indicated that there was no increased frequency of a specific HLA antigen in patients with ABPA. Moreover, studies in thirteen families of ABPA patients also demonstrated that, within families, there was no consistent association between a specific haplotype and asthma, allergies or hay fever.
| 75,074
|
Spinal evoked potential in the cat: effects of asphyxia, strychnine, cord section and compression.
|
Averaged evoked potentials to sciatic nerve stimulation and to direct stimulation of the cervical spinal cord were recorded from the dura and skin over the spinal cord and cauda equina in bipolar and common reference leads in cats and compared. Response waveform and conduction characteristics are described. The effects of increasing stimulus intensity, asphyxia and strychnine on these potentials are related. Alterations in these potentials produced by spinal cord at one or two levels are also described. These potentials are compared to similar potentials which have been recorded in man and the possible clinical application of some of these methods is discussed.
| 75,092
|
Signal to noise ratio and response variability measurements in single trial evoked potentials.
|
Techniques were developed for measurement of signal to noise ratio and response variability in single trial evoked potentials. These techniques were extended and verified using a digital computer simulation of signal plus noise trials. When applied to real data the measures appear to have high reliability and to demonstrate that human evoked potentials are more variable than would be expected from background noise variation alone. Empirical equations are presented which can be applied to existing single trial EP data to estimate both signal-to-noise ratio and its expected variance.
| 75,094
|
[Recurrence-free phases and survival times in children with cytochemically varying acute lymphatic leukemias. Note on the prognostic evaluation of leukemias].
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The recidive-free phases, survival times and the number of long surviging patients were recorded in 64 children with cytochemically differentiated ALL. A significantly more favourable course of ALL of PAS type could be observed as compared with the undifferentiated type and partially with the esterase type, too. According to the present findings the cytochemical examinations of ALL can be recommended in the initial phase of leukaemia as a prognostic evaluation.
| 75,131
|
[Geophagia sideropenica].
|
The authors describe two cases of geophagia (45 years old mother and her 25 years old daughter). Both suffered from an anaemia of medium degree only (case 1: 3.77 million of erythrocytes, Hb 8.5 g%; case 2: 3.34 million of erythrocytes, Hb 10 g%), there was a serious iron deficiency (46 and 35 microgram % respectively of serum iron). Both were blood donors, the mother 7 times and the daughter 31 times. In both cases the iron deficiency existed before geophagia. The desire for eating argillacecous earth already disappeared after the application of some ampules of Ferrlecit injected intravenously, even before the values of the serum iron and the number of erythrocytes had changed. The number of erythrocytes, the Hb value and that of haematocrit as well as the values of the serum iron normalized completely. EEG changes were observed in both cases, which could be influenced by the ferrotherapy. The authors recommend the serum iron estimation in all blood donors as well as the introduction of their routine treatment with iron preparations.
| 75,133
|
[Hepatogenic polyglobulinemias and polycythemias].
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The authors distinguish three kinds of hepatogenous polyglobulia: Polycythaemia caused by Budd-Chiari syndrome, polycythaemia caused by a Mosse syndrome (cirrhosis without liver venous thrombosis) and polyglobulia caused by liver tumours. In all three cases the same mechanism is likely to induce polycythaemia or polyglobulia respectively. In addition to the three cases of the Mosse syndrome published in 1966, the present paper deals with three cases of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Twice the Budd-Chiari syndrome was followed by a polycythaemia, once a Budd-Chiari syndrome was developed in the course of a polycythaemia vera.
| 75,134
|
The requirement of specific antibody for the killing of E. coli by the alternate complement pathway in bovine serum.
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Experiments using the selective divalent cation chelator, ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) showed that the alternate complement pathway was involved in the bactericidal action of bovine serum on two strains of E. coli. The bactericidal system was shown, in experiments involving EGTA and epsilon-amino caproic acid, to be independent of Ca++ and the C1 unit of complement. The fixation of the complement components C3-C9 by endotoxin does not require a functional classical pathway ((C1, C4 and C2). In the case of one coliform strain (W1) however, there was an almost total dependence on a factor absorbable at 0 degrees with homologous bacteria, and which appeared to be a natural antibody. These results suggest that in certain circumstances in the cow, gamma globulins may be directly involved in the activation of the alternate complement pathway.
| 75,177
|
Specific suppression of the immune response by a factor obtained from spleen cells of mice tolerant to human gamma-globulin.
|
An antigen-specific suppressive factor was extracted from spleen cells of mice made tolerant by injection of deaggregated human gamma-globulin (HGG). The active material could be prepared from T cells, obtained by passaging spleen cells through an anti-immunoglobulin column, although not from cells adherent to the column nor from spleen cells pretreated with anti-Thy-1 serum and C. This factor was antigen-specific since it was retained on immunoadsorbents containing HGG, but not on columns coated with antibody to HGG or with irrelevant antigens. Despite its specificity for antigen it did not bear any classical immunoglobulin determinants. Its m.w. ranged between 30,000 and 55,000 daltons. It was a product of the I region of the major histocompatibility complex since it carried Ia determinants. The properties of this factor are very similar to those reported elsewhere for suppressive factors obtained from primed T cells, cells from nonresponder mice, and allotype-specific cells. This suggest the existence of a major class of immunoregulatory molecules, nonimmunoglobulin in nature, and responsible for the mediation of antigen-specific T cell-dependent suppression.
| 75,224
|
On the cross-reactivity of staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, and C.
|
Strong cross-reactions were demonstrated for staphylococcal enterotoxins B (SEB) and C1 (SEC1) by antigen-binding capacity and by competitive binding ability. Both SEB and SEC1 combined completely with the heterologous antibody although requiring four times as much antiserum as the homologous enterotoxin and both displaced about one-third of the other enterotoxin from a heterologous antigen-antibody system. It is proposed that one of the three major antigenic determinants of these enterotoxins possesses a significant similarity but probably not an identity of structure. SEB and SEC1 did not combine with antiserum to enterotoxin A nor inhibit the reaction of SEA with anti-SEA. SEA had no intrinsic binding capacity for anti-SEB or anti SEC1 nor did it inhibit the binding of either enterotoxin to its own antibody. Affinity chromatography was employed to demonstrate that a small apparent binding of SEA to anti-SEB was due to antibody to SEA in the anti-SEB serum and that an almost complete displacement of SEC1 binding to anti-SEC1 was caused by contaminating SEC (about 0.01%) in preparations of enterotoxin A.
| 75,229
|
Electrophysiological recovery after compression ischemia of the rat brain.
|
Cerebral ischemia of 15 min was produced in rats by increasing intracranial pressure above the systolic blood pressure level by infusing artificial cerebrospinal fluid into the cisterna magna. Pulmonary edema was prevented by blocking the vasomotor response with a ganglioplegic agent, and reducing the fluid load by peritoneal dialysis. The EEG flattened after 10.1 +/- 1.5 sec. followed by a dilatation of the pupils after 1--2 min. The EEG began to recover in 21 of 32 rats after 8 to 35 min of recirculation. Spectral analysis revealed an initial return of slow waves and spindles followed by continuous fast frequency activity. The EEG did not recover or was secondarily suppressed in 12 animals after a few hours. Electrophysiological recovery depended on the cardiocirculatory and respiratory state, the recovery being optimal in animals with mild hypertension and a normal acid-base status of the blood.
| 75,250
|
Electrophysiological studies on the "stiff-man" syndrome.
|
In addition to anamnestic and clinical data electrophysiological and pharmacokinetic investigations may be necessary for the diagnosis of stiff man syndrome. Continuous activity of motor units with superimposed bursts during muscular spasms was found by electromyography in the two patients reported. Rigidity and continuous activity disappears during sleep, after i.v. application of Tubocurarine and Diazepam, during Thiopenal anesthesia and after neural block with Procaine. Dipropylacetate and Baclofen improved the condition but did not lead to complete relaxation. Biperidenlactat and Magnesiumlaevulinat have only a temporary effect on rigidity. Neostigmine, Phenytoine, Glycine, Dopa and 5-Hydroxy-Tryptophan had no effect. Passive shortening or stretching of the m. biceps brachii as well as touching the skin increased motor activity which spread to other segments and to the contralateral side. The H/M ratio was increased but the silent period was normal. A combination of Diazepam and Dipropylacetate or Clonazepam was therapeutically effective in the cases reported. A central genesis, of the pathogenetic mechanisms discussed, is the most probable in our cases.
| 75,257
|
Morphologic and cytochemical comparison of human lymphoblastoid T-cell and B-cell lines: light and electron microscopy.
|
Human lymphoblastoid cell lines characterized as T- or B-cells by various markers were compared morphologically and cytochemically by light and electron microscopy. Distinct differences in nuclear morphology, amount of cytoplasm, pyroninophilia, and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining enabled us to discriminate between T- and B-cell lines. T-cells had nuclei with an irregular configuration, stippled heterochromatin, and small or absent nucleoli. The scanty cytoplasm of T-cells contained intensely stained, PAS-positive globules and was less pyroninophilic than the cytoplasm of B-cells. B-cells had more rounded, uniform, vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli and peripheral heterochromatin. The cytoplasm of B-cells was abundant and strongly pyroninophilic. Transmission electron microscopy generally confirmed these morphologic differences. These findings supported our contention that consistent cytologic features concordant with immunologic markers make it possible to identify certain lymphomas as being of B- or T-cell origin on purely morphologic grounds.
| 75,268
|
Effects of passive antibody in bee venom anaphylaxis.
|
Twelve patients allergic to honeybees were challenged by injections of bee venom; five responded systemically to the venom, with symptoms ranging from angioedema to respiratory distress. These patients were given intramuscular or intravenous infusions of gamma-globulin obtained from the plasma of hyperimmune beekeepers who had high levels of antibody to an allergen (phospholipase A) in the venom. Post-infusion, all five patients tolerated 1.5 to 5 times the venom dose that previously elicited adverse reactions. The quantity of passive IgG antibody infused did not impair the patient's own immune response to venom. These results represent the best available evidence for a direct role for IgG blocking antibodies in clinical protection against anaphylaxis occurring as a result of parenteral antigenic challenge as may be observed in penicillin and insect hypersensitivity.
| 75,280
|
[Quantitative estimation of cationic leukocyte antigen (cla) and lysozyme in leukaemic leukocytes (author's transl)].
|
Cationic lysosomal proteins such as cationic leukocyte antigen (CLA) and lysozyme were estimated in leukocyte lysates of acute and chronic leukaemics using quantitative enzymatic and immunoprecipitation techniques. The studies demonstrate that both lysosomal conponents are markers of non-lymphatic leukaemias. Therefore the determination of CLA and lysozyme is valuable for the differential diagnosis of acute leukaemias. The intracellular cationic protein contents showed characteristic kinetic variations as showing during X-irradiation of the spleen in cases of chronic myelocytic leukaemia. White cells in leukocytosis could be distinguished from normals by remarkably low cationic protein contents in leukocyte lysates. The results are interpreted in the light of current results revealed by immunofluorescent analyses.
| 75,285
|
In-vitro synthesis of anti-acetylcholine-receptor antibody by thymic lymphocytes in myasthenia gravis.
|
Cultures of thymic tissue or thymic lymphocytes from nine patients undergoing thymectomy for myasthenia gravis were examined for evidence of anti-acetylcholine-receptor-antibody synthesis. One of four thymic tissues and three of five thymic lymphocyte preparations synthesised this antibody.
| 75,339
|
A double-blind controlled crossover trial of an antigen-avoidance diet in atopic eczema.
|
20 out of 36 children (aged two to eight years) with atopic eczema completed a twelve-week, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial of an egg and cows' milk exclusion diet. During the first and third four-week periods, patients on an egg and cows' milk exclusion diet received a soya-based milk substitute (trial period) or an egg and cows' milk preparation (control period). Response was assessed in terms of eczema activity, number of areas affected, pruritus, sleeplessness, and antihistamine usage while on the two diets. During the middle period patients resumed their normal diet to minimise any carry-over effect. 14 patients responded more favourably to the antigen-avoidance diet than to the control diet, whereas only 1 responded more favourably to the control diet than the trial diet. Patients experienced more benefit during the first diet period than the second, whatever the nature of the diet. There was no correlation between a positive prick test to egg and cows' milk antigen and response to the trial diet.
| 75,438
|
Plasmapheresis in Raynaud's disease.
|
Understanding of the pathogenesis, clinical course, and treatment of Raynaud's disease is confused and unsatisfactory, and no success in treatment can be promised. Five patients with severe Raynaud's disease, who had not responded to other forms of treatment, were treated by plasmapheresis, which produced a striking improvement. Ultrasonic velocimetry showed that segments of digital arteries which had been thought to be permanently occluded became patent and remained patent after plasmapheresis.
| 75,444
|
Susceptibility to diphtheria.
|
Schick tests and antitoxin titrations have been carried out to investigate what percentage of individuals in each of 9 small groups were susceptible to diphtheria. Overall, 33% were susceptible: 26% among those below and 44% among those above 35 years of age. These results suggest that about 35% of the population of the United Kingdom are susceptible to diphtheria.
| 75,453
|
Amniography in the prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects.
|
Amniography for the visualization and confirmation of suspected neural tube defect was performed in 9 midtrimester gravidas. In all cases, amniotic fluid alpha-feto protein (AFP) was abnormally elevated. Four cases of anencephaly and one of spina bifida were demonstrated by amniography. These pregnancies were terminated and the defects were confirmed by gross pathologic examination. In 4 remaining cases, amniography was normal. Three of these pregnancies proceeded to term, culminating in the birth of a normal child. The fourth patient had spontaneous abortion of a normal fetus at 23 weeks of gestation. The experience reported here suggests that amniography is an important adjunctive diagnostic technique in the prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defect, and if used correctly, may significantly reduce the chance of false-positive diagnosis.
| 75,528
|
Inhibition of Rous sarcoma viral RNA translation by a specific oligodeoxyribonucleotide.
|
A tridecamer oligodeoxynucleotide, d(A-A-T-G-G-T-A-A-A-A-T-G-G), which is complementary to reiterated 3'- and 5'-terminal nucleotides of Rous sarcoma virus 35S RNA, is an efficient inhibitor of the translation of proteins specified by the viral RNA in the wheat embryo cell-free system. The inhibition specificity for oncornavirus RNA is greater than for rabbit reticulocyte mRNA or brome mosaic virus RNA. Other oligodeoxynucleotides of similar size have little or no specific effect on the RNA-directed translation. The tridecamer acts as a primer for the avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase when Rous sarcoma virus heated 70S RNA is used as a template, offering evidence that it can hybridize to the RNA. The possible use of such an oligodeoxynucleotide hybridization competitor to inhibit Rous sarcoma virus replication is described in the preceding paper [Zamecnik, P. C. & Stephenson, M. L. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 75, 280--284].
| 75,546
|
Immunogenicity of cows' milk in man. (Influence of age and of disease on serum antibodies to five cows' milk proteins).
|
Passive haemagglutination has been used to measure serum antibodies to the five proteins of cows' milk--bovine serum albumin, bovine gamma-globulin, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin and casein. Titres of antibodies to these proteins, and a composite cows' milk antibody (CMA) score, have been measured in 1,087 sera from children and adults. Antibodies to all five proteins were detected in many specimens. Age and disease influenced not only the absolute titres of antibody, but also the relative distribution of antibodies to the five antigens. In infants aged 2 months the typical pattern was of antibodies only to casein but in the sera of older children and adults antibodies to casein and to BSA were found in low titres and less frequently than antibodies to the other proteins. Children with coeliac disease had higher titres of antibody to bovine gamma-globulin than to other antigens. Serial studies in a patient with cows' milk intolerance illustrate how the pattern of antibodies varies with age, diet and disease.
| 75,562
|
Mixed lymphocyte culture search for HLA-D homozygous typing cells in the Hungarian inbred population of Ivád.
|
Six functionally HLA-D homozygous typing cells were identified by a restricted investigation into the Hungarian inbred population of Ivád. These putative HLA-D homozygous typing cells were then tested against a highly selected Scandinavian population sample of 60 individuals previously typed by histocompatibility reference reagents. The different HLA-D specificities could thus be identified: one closely matching HLA-Dw5, another resembling the Oslo LDoH specificity, while the last seems to be unique. Only one of the typing cells thus ascertained were HLA-B homozygous and were selected on the basis of the Ivád family structure and not on the basis of serological HLA typing.
| 75,586
|
HLA and mycobacterial infection: increased frequency of B8 in Japanese leprosy.
|
A total of 60 leprosy patients, 28 of lepromatous and 32 of tuberculoid form, and 70 active tuberculosis patients was compared with a control of 184 for 34 HLA specificities. The most interesting finding was an increased frequency (10.0%) for HLA-B8 (corrected P = 0.062, relative risk = 20.3) in the leprosy patients as compared with the control group, despite the fact that the frequency of HLA-B8 was extremely low in Japanese. Furthermore, all leprosy patients with B8 had leprous member(s) in their family.
| 75,590
|
Evaluation of the antigen specific to the mycelial phase of Candida albicans in the serodiagnosis of candidiasis.
|
We demonstrated 2 different antibodies against Candida albicans in patients' sera, the detection rates were proportional to the severity of candidiasis. One antibody was directed toward antigen shared by Candida in both blastospore and mycelial phases and the other was directed against antigen found only in the mycelial phase of Candida. The presence of the latter may reflect the invasive form of candidiasis.
| 75,594
|
[Use of viscous dye solutions for the vital staining of lymphnodes].
|
Animal-experimental and clinical results after applications of viscous solution with Fluorescein-Sodium and Erythrosin for representation of lympho-nodes and lymphatic ducts were published. In the frame of lymphography this application in form of a second infusion becomes possible preoperatively as well as intraoperatively. The lymphonodi inguinale, iliaci and lumbales represented even by lymphography were contrasty stained by this method over limited period.
| 75,622
|
[Antigenic characteristics and various biological properties of glycoprotein from Neisseria meningitidis of serological group A].
|
It was shown that the antigen determining the group specificity of meningococcus belonging to serological group A was of mixed polysaccharide-protein nature. Carbohydrate component is responsible for the interaction with the group-specific antibodies in this antigen. Glycoprotein can be isolated both from the cells and from the culture fluid where it passes during the N. meningitidis cultivation in fluid nutrient medium. The described antigen possesses no properties of endotoxin.
| 75,626
|
Failure to detect circulating IgG or IgM antibodies to basal cell carcinoma by immunofluorescence.
|
Immunofluorescence techniques failed to reveal evidence of anti-tumour antibody in the sera of patients with basal cell carcinima. Although the presence of such antibodies has previously been associated with the absence of metastasis in malignant melanoma, other explanations for the low metaststic potential of basal cell carcinoma should be sought.
| 75,642
|
Effect of cyproterone acetate on skin surface lipids.
|
Skin surface lipids in female patients with acne were examined before and after treatment with the oral contraceptive SH 209 AB (2 mg cyproterone acetate and 0.05 mg ethinyl estradiol) by direct extraction with petrol ether and photometrical determination. A significant reduction in the skin surface lipids was seen, together with a remarkable alleviation of the disease.
| 75,644
|
Malignant histiocytosis. Histiocytic medullary reticulosis.
|
Three cases of malignant histiocytosis occurring in children aged 2 months, 10 months and 14 years, are described. In all children the diagnosis was based on anaemia, granulocytopenia or thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly and marked erythrophagocytosis by bone marrow and lymph node atypical histiocytes. Two children aged 10 months and 14 years, underwent splenectomy after which combined chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone (COP) was started. In the older child a complete remission was achieved. The younger child died soon after the onset of the treatment. The youngest child was treated with bleomycin, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone (BACOP). He died of pneumonia and sepsis two months after the start of the treatment.
| 75,657
|
Anti-tumor virus activity of copper-binding drugs.
|
Several, structurally different, copper-binding ligands can inhibit the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and can inactivate the ability of the virus to malignantly transform chick embryo cells. These ligands include the anti-microbial agents, thiosemicarbazones, 8-hydroxyquinolines, isonicotinic acid hydrazide, and others. Many of these compounds bind to DNA and RNA in the presence of copper, which may play a role in their anti-viral activity. However, not all agents active against RSV bind to nucleic acids and not all ligands that bind to nucleic acids are active against RSV. Some copper-binding ligands are neither active against RSV, nor bind nucleic acids. It appears that there is no simple relationship between the anti-viral activity of copper-binding ligands and their nucleic acid-binding ability. The biological importance of thiosemicarbazone-copper complex binding to nucleic acids is supported by the observation that treatment of intact RSV virions with the complex causes the genome 70S RNA to sediment abnormally in velocity sucrose gradient analysis.
| 75,679
|
Inflammation inhibiting properties of rat alphaM foetoprotein (rat-alpha2 macroglobulin), an acute phase reactant.
|
alphaMFoetoprotein of the rat (rat alpha2macroglobulin) is present in serum during foetal development. After birth, alphaMFP declines rapidly, but the protein returns after injury. The injury we used consisted of skin and muscle incision, laparotomy, BaSO4 i.p. The protein occurs also during liverregeneration, livercardinogenesis en during infections. Therefore, alphaMFP can be considered as an acute phase reactant. We found that this protein strongly inhibits inflammatory exudation caused by carrageenin, histamin, prostaglandin E2, 5HT and bradykinin. Furthermore, we found that alphaMFP suppresses completely inflammatory reactions during Ga1.N-hepatitis. In this condition, the primary biochemical lesion, consisting of liver UDPG depletion, does occur in spite of the protective effect of alphaMFP. Thus, the inflammatory inhibiting effects of alphaMFP seem to be an important mechanism reducing inflammatory reaction patterns.
| 75,682
|
Neutral red supravital staining for cellular elements in the semen.
|
Human seminal fluid besides spermatozoa often contains other cellular elements. A supravital staining method designed to differentiate the above mentioned cellular elements was described. Amongst the spermatogenic cells only spermatocytes were stained with Neutral Red. They displayed two peculiar structures designated as "Y" granules and "Enigmatic Body". Neutral Red was absorbed by the spermiophage cells and was concentrated by them in the form of cytoplasmic granules. In addition the coarse granules of leukocytes and the gigestive vacuoles of Balantidium Coli and Trichomonads were stained with Neutral Red.
| 75,699
|
An analysis of the problem-solving process of third year medical students.
|
The recognition of pertinent cues and the use of clinical data generated by Junior medical students has been shown to be inconsistent.
| 75,707
|
The diagnostic problem in multiple sclerosis (M.S.): two specific laboratory tests.
|
In the present paper are discussed the diagnostic problems in M.S., there has been difficulty in certain diagnostic on the first modest signs in a proportion perhaps as high as 20% and the absence of a specific and reliable laboratory test has long been felt. This study describes two specific laboratory tests in M.S. The MEM-LAD test (macrophage electrophoretic mobility linoleic acid depression) and the E-UFA test (erythrocyte-unsaturated fatty acid). It may be noted that whilst the E-UFA and MEM-LAD test will diagnose (or esclude) M.S. the former is simpler, but is limited to M.S., the latter on the other hand once mastered is applicable in the whole range of clinical immunology were lymphocyte sensitisation is to be measured.
| 75,734
|
Sclerotherapy of bleeding oesophageal varices by means of endoscopy.
|
From 1.1.1969 up to 1.11.1977, 640 patients with hemorrhage from gastro-oesopheal varices were managed by sclerotherapy of the oesophageal wall. In 90% this method succeeded in stopping hemorrhage or preventing a new bleeding during the next four months. Only 43 patients of the total number were treated because of impending hemorrhage under precise indications. After two or three sessions of sclerotherapy the interval of control can be extended up to one years without new danger of hemorrhage. Overall mortality was 14.5%; main causes of death were liver coma, uncontrollable hemorrhage, mediastinitis and pyothorax.--If liver function improves, a porto-systemic-shunt is performed whenever possible.--416 = 65% of the patients are still alive; 50% longer than one year up to eight years. Thus sclerotherapy seems to be the method of choice in uncurable massive hemorrhage from varicosities from the oesophagus. It is indicated in patients with decompensated liver function, and whenever a shunt procedure is anatomically or clinically impossible or not advisable, too.
| 75,791
|
Observations on 1,000 Millin prostatectomies.
|
1,000 Millin prostatectomies were performed under general anaesthesia and normal conditions of blood pressure (without hypotension) over a period of 6 years. Observations were made as to the blood losses (Davillas and Miliaressis, 1972), the length of hospitalization, the various complications and the death causes in 17 patients (1.7%).
| 75,793
|
Prevention of experimental allergic encephalitis in guinea-pigs with spinal cord protein: optimum pretreatment schedules and appraisal of plausible mechanisms.
|
Pretreatment of Hartley guinea-pigs with three injections of 100 microgram of the purified bovine spinal cord protein, (SCP), protected tham from clinical experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE) when they were subsequently challenged with 50 microgram of purified bovine myelin basic protein (MyBP) in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). The length of the optimum pretreated schedule was found to be 1 week and the animals were fully protected for 2 weeks. Protection declined thereafter so that by 4 weeks following pretreatment only 40% of the animals were protected. The protected state could be restored several weeks after it had lapsed by repeating the treatment with SCP. Immature animals did not respond well to pretreatment with SCP. Evidence was presented to indicate that specific, non-specific immune suppression or anti-SCP IgG were not involved to a significant extent in protection. SCP-treated guinea-pigs regularly displayed delayed skin hypersensitivity to MyBP after sensitization but there was no correlation between the degree of cutaneous reactivity and protection from disease. Because SCP is localized in the nerve axon, the speculation was advanced that anti-SCP blocking factors might be responsible for preserving axonal function in SCP-treated animals sensitized with MyBP.
| 75,839
|
Induction of interferon synthesis in mice by fractions from Nocardia.
|
Three fractions of Nocardia, Nocardia water-soluble mitogen (NWSM), Nocardia water-soluble mitogen pellet (NWSMP), and the cell wall peptidoglycan, which are mitogenic for B lymphocytes, were able to induce circulating interferon in mice, NWSMP and NWSM being the most active. The peak of interferon appeared about 2 h after injection. The interferon induced by NSWMP and NWSM was acid stable and antigenically related to viral interferon, as shown by neutralization with antibodies directed against Newcastle disease virus-induced interferon.
| 75,845
|
Possible role of IgG4 in discordant correlations between intracutaneous skin tests and RAST.
|
Comparison of intracutaneous skin tests and RAST in 2 groups of patients, one consisting of 16 individuals having multiple allergies to pollen, mold and animal dander and the other of 10 patients allergic to mold only, revealed that skin tests were more sensitive than RAST. Skin reactions of 3+ to 4+ were frequently associated with negative RAST results. This was observed more so in mold-allergic patients. In a few cases (6%) RAST showed 2+ reactions while the skin tests were negative. Leukocytes from allergic individuals who had positive skin tests and negative RAST released a significant amount of histamine upon challenge with specific allergen as well as antihuman IgG4, suggesting that this immunoglobulin is a functional component of some immediate hypersensitivity reactions.
| 75,853
|
Detection of circulating tumor antigens in mice carrying a highly metastatic pulmonary squamous--cell carcinoma.
|
Recently we reported that the highly metastatic MSC-10 (mouse squamous carcinoma) is incapable of inducing transplantation immunity. Studies reported here were undertaken to determine whether or not the tumor is devoid of tumor-associated antigen. We found that sera from MSC-10 tumor-bearing mice contain soluble protein antigens which react with rabbit antisera made against the MSC-10 tumor, as demonstrated by immuno-diffusion. Such proteins were not detected in the sera of normal mice or mice bearing fibrosarcomas. A close temporal relationship was demonstrated between the appearance of circulating antigens and the occurrence of lung metastases. Protein components serologically indistinguishable from the circulating antigens were isolated from tumor cells. The molecular weight of these proteins is between 30,000 and 100,000 daltons. Studies with antisera to mouse leukemia virus showed that hte MSC-10 tumor antigens are not viral proteins. The lack of immunogenicity of this tumor for syngeneic hosts as well as its high metastatic activity may be due to the early appearance of soluble antigens in the circulation.
| 75,859
|
Cytochemistry of the skin of patients with mucopolysaccharidoses.
|
The distribution of complex carbohydrates has been investigated at the light and electron microscope levels in sweat glands of normal subjects and patients with Hurler's or Hunter's disease. Normal sweat glands examined with a battery of light microscopic histochemical methods revealed sulphated complex carbohydrate in secretory granules of the dark cells. These granules lacked affinity for dialysed iron (DI) at the light and electron microscope levels. The DI method demonstrated acid complex carbohydrates ultrastructurally on the surface of the intercellular canaliculi and central lumen in normal sweat glands. DI-reactive acidic material, presumably of mucopolysaccharide nature, surrounded and extended between collagen bundles in the stroma of normal skin, but was absent from the band which ensheathed the sweat gland and consisted of individual rather than bundled collagen fibrils. DI-reactive mucopolysaccharide lined and partially filled vacuoles of dark cells showing a laminar distribution in vacuoles of clear cells in sweat glands of a Hunter patient. The DI method also visualized mucopolysaccharide distributed throughout vacuoles in fibroblasts of this patient. DI-reactive acid material covered the luminal surface of the sweat gland, coated collagen bundles in the stroma and spared the periglandular collagenous sheath in skin from Hurler and Hunter patients as in that from normal controls. Acid phosphatase was localized ultrastructually in vacuoles and nearby cytoplasm and on plasmalemmae of clear cells, dark cells and myoepithelial cells of sweat glands from Hurler and Hunter patients. Vacuoles of dermal fibroblasts and Schwann cells in these specimens also exhibited strong acid phosphatase activity.
| 75,871
|
Structural and genetic studies on chicken 7S immunoglobulin allotypes. IV. The presence of an unexpected chicken immunoglobulin heavy chain allotype: subclass or pseudoallele?
|
Low concentrations of allotypic specificity CS-1.1 were detected in the sera of two inbred chicken lines [University of California, Davis (UCD) 7 and Regional Poultry Research Laboratory 15I4] previously reported to lack this specificity. The CS-1.1 alloantigen in 15I4 chickens has the same specificity as the major allotype in a line of chickens (UCD 2) in which it was initially defined. In 15I4 chickens, CS-1.1 allotype is present on a population of molecules distinct from those which carry the major allotype; thus a second 7S Ig H chain locus, CS-2, is proposed. The concentration of CS-1.1-bearing molecules determined by two different methods was 7 microgram/ml and 230 microgram/ml in 15I4, whereas UCD 2 chickens had 4 mg/ml of CS-1.1 molecules. The levels of CS-1.1 inhibitory activity in 15I4 birds remained relatively constant over a 30-day period. The presence of two 7S Ig populations in 15I4 chickens may be interpreted as evidence either for 7S Ig subclasses with shared allotypes or for a pseudoallelic organization of genes controlling expression of 7S Ig H chains. The results were consistent with the presence of redundant C region genes, differing in allotypes, whose expression is under the control of an as yet undefined regulatory mechanism.
| 75,924
|
Parkinsonism and dementia with acoustic neurinomas. Report of three cases.
|
Three cases of acoustic neurinoma with parkinsonism and dementia are reported. The characteristics of parkinsonism seen in these cases consisted of the rapid development of symptoms and symmetrical rigidity. In all cases there was a marked enlargement of the ventricular system and transient improvement in their mental states was observed following ventriculoperitoneal shunt or removal of the tumor. In an autopsy case there were no pathological findings in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, substantia nigra or pontine nuclei. It was concluded that parkinsonism and dementia in these patients were caused by chronic hydrocephalus due to the acoustic neurinomas.
| 75,963
|
Lymphocyte stimulation by acetylcholine receptor in polymyositis.
|
Lymphocytes of twenty-seven patients with polymyositis were incubated in vitro with cholinergic receptor rich membranes obtained from the electric organs of Torpedo Marmorata. Lymphocytes of polymyositic patients were slightly stimulated; positive responses were present mainly in patients affected from more than a year. Sensitization against the nicotinic cholinergic receptor may explain the occurrence of the myasthenic syndrome with polymyositis.
| 75,964
|
The hygiene standard for chrysotile asbestos.
|
Previous studies, including the analysis on which the current 2 fibres/cm3 hygiene standard is based, may have underestimated the risk of morbidity or mortality following exposure to low levels of asbestos dust. Accurate dose-response data at levels below 2 fibres/cm3 are unlikely to be available for the foreseeable future, and the biologically plausible assumption that excess cancer mortality is approximately proportional to dust level should be provisionally accepted. It may be reasonable, however, to postulate a safe threshold for mortality from asbestosis. If excess mortality from asbestos-related disease is proportional to dust level for each cause, approximately 10% of male asbestos workers might, under certain assumptions, eventually die of asbestos-induced disease after 50 years' exposure at 2 fibres/cm3. Peritoneal mesothelioma is usually due to crocidolite (blue asbestos) or other amphiboles, but exposure to chrysotile (white asbestos) alone may lead to a substantial risk of pleural mesothelioma. These predictions are based on rather small numbers in a single factory, and further studies in other working environments are required. Fibre counts based on optical microscopy are likely to be less relevant than total counts by electron microscopy, and excess mortality is virtually confined to men first exposed more than 20 years ago, when little or no accurate data on dust levels were collected.
| 76,030
|
Reduction in incidence of rheumatoid arthritis associated with oral contraceptives. Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study.
|
Analyses of the frequency of reporting of rheumatoid arthritis have been undertaken as part of the continuing major prospective survey of oral contraceptives. The rate of reporting in oral-contraceptive users (takers) is half of the rate in non-users (controls). The rates for ex-takers and controls are not materially different. The expected rise in the rate of reporting in women over 35 is apparent in controls but suppressed in takers. In the absence of any accountable bias, it is concluded that oral contraceptives protect against the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Although the effect is small, the observation may be valuable in understanding the aetiology of the disease and the mechanism of action of oral contraceptives.
| 76,118
|
Value of bile-acid binding agents in post-vagotomy diarrhoea.
|
Cholecystectomy increases the incidence of post-vagotomy diarrhoea. The effect of agents which either bind bile acids or prevent their action on the colonic mucosa has been studied in 31 patients with post-vagotomy diarrhoea--15 had had vagotomy and pyloroplasty alone and 16 vagotomy and pyloroplasty and cholecystectomy. Cholestyramine was particularly useful after the combined operation. Aluminium hydroxide in large doses has a similar mechanism of action to cholestyramine and is cheaper and more palatable, but propranolol was of no value. This study suggests that the excretion and chemical composition of bile and the handling of bile acids by the small intestine is of fundamental importance in the pathogenesis of post-vagotomy diarrhoea.
| 76,170
|
Glucose-induced hyperkalaemia: A hazard for diabetics?
|
The intravenous injection of glucose as a "therapeutic test" in comatose diabetics is reviewed in the light of evidence that it may evoke a paradoxical rise in plasma-potassium in the insulin-deprived diabetic. The plasma-potassium rose promptly after a drink of 50 g glucose in 8 insulin-dependent diabetics who had not had insulin for approximately 14-26 hours. This rise coincided with a rise in plasma-osmolality. In non-diabetic controls, however, plasma-potassium fell after the glucose drink. Osmotic and hormonal mechanisms may account for the rise in plasma-potassium in the diabetics. Since the rise in plasma-potassium may be clinically important, caution with, or abandonment of, the use of intravenous glucose as a therapeutic test is recommended.
| 76,227
|
[Complement system in disseminated lupus erythematosus].
|
The levels of C3, C4 and CH50 in patients with lupus erythematosus disseminatus (LED) were lower than in the controls. However, although in many patients these levels were below the normal values, there was no statistically significant difference between the two group. The levels are reduced during the acute phases and in some patients they remain high. On the whole, C3 was lower in patients with nephropathy (p less than 0,025) than in patients presenting with clinical activity (p less than 0,02). The positive relationship existing between C3 and C4 (r = 0,641, p less than 0,01) suggests activation of the complement system in LED via the classic route. In cases with concurrent lupus nephropathy a relationship between C3 and C3PA was seen, suggesting that in this case the alternative route is involved.
| 76,330
|
The efficacy of showers for control of ectoparasites of sheep.
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Ectoparasites of sheep in Britain include the tick Ixodes ricinus, the blowfly, Lucilia sericata, the ked, Melophagus ovinus and the lice, Damalinia ovis and Linognathus ovillus. The most important ectoparasite, however, is the mite Psoroptes communis ovis which causes sheep scab. This notifiable disease was eradicated from Britain in 1952 but was reported again in 1973. The control of ectoparasites depends largely on the efficient application of insecticide to the fleece and skin. Plunge dipping in a bath is generally regarded as the most efficient method and is compulsory for the control of sheep scab but it is not always the most convenient. After the eradication of sheep scab in 1952 plunge dipping was no longer compulsory and jetting, spraying and showering techniques were then employed for the other ectoparasites.
| 76,363
|
Xanthosis, an abnormal pigmentation of cattle.
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Xanthosis is seen in cattle in the abattoir. It is characterised by a dark brown colour of the heart muscle and certain skeletal muscles such as the masseter because of the presence of lipofuscin pigment. In a survey of its prevalence in 1000 cattle of varying breeds xanthosis was identified in about 25 per cent of Ayrshire cattle and the occasional Ayrshire cross. It was not seen in other breeds. The incidence of one affected and three normal suggests that this condition may result from the inheritance of a simple recessive gene. The relationship of xanthosis to brown atrophy is discussed.
| 76,364
|
[Resorption of colostral gamma-globulins and detection of antibodies to Bact. rhusiopathiaesuis, S. cholerasuis and beta-hemolytic Esch. coli in newborn pigs].
|
Traced was the resorption of colostral globulins and the production of antibodies against Bacterium rhusiopathiae suis, S. choleraesuis, and beta-hemolytic Escherichia coli organisms in newborn pigs. It was found that in the newborn pigs that had not yet started sucking there were no gamma-globulins and specific antibodies against the agents mentioned above. Such were observed after the animals had begun to suck, the titers of antibodies reaching their peak levels by the 10th--15th hour (erysipelothrix and paratyphoid) and the 24th--48th hour (hemolytic Escherichia coli). As against their mothers the titer of the antibodies in the sucklings was two to four times as lower. The gamma-lactoglobulins are resorbed along the whole intestinal mucous membrane, however, resorption is most intense in the duodenum and the jejunum in the course of the first 2 days after farrowing; from the fifth day on it ceases.
| 76,366
|
Immunofluorescence of the skin in allergic diseases: an investigation of patients with contact dermatitis, allergic vasculitis and atopic dermatitis.
|
Skin biopsies for immunofluorescent studies were taken from patients with contact dermatitis (positive patch tests), atopic dermatitis and allergic vasculitis for comparison with normal-appearing skin from the same patients, and from healthy controls. A variety of deposits of immunoglobulins, complement components and fibrinogen were demonstrated in 6 out of 20 patients with contact dermatitis, 7 out of 10 with atopic dermatitis, 8 out of 10 with allergic vasculitis, and in 4 out of 20 control individuals. No diagnostic pattern of deposits was found. Elevated serum IgE and eosinophilic counts were found in patients with atopic dermatitis, and high serum IgA and fibrinogen levels were found in the allergic vasculitis group.
| 76,388
|
Plasma levels of 8-methoxypsoralen and phototoxicity studies during PUVA treatment of psoriasis with meladinin tablets.
|
A new tablet formulation of 8-methoxypsoralen was used in PUVA treatment for psoriasis. The 8-Mop plasma level showed a maximum at about 1 hour after ingestion (mean values: 1/2 hr, 284 microgram/1; 1 hr, 275 microgram/1; 1 1/2 hr, 198 microgram/1; 2 hrs, 129 microgram/1). Phototoxicity tests showed the optimal time for exposure to be about 1 hour after peroral intake of 8-MOP.
| 76,395
|
Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis in men attending a venereal disease clinic: a culture and therapeutic study.
|
Urethral specimens from 459 male patients attending a venereal disease clinic were studied for presence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Of the 459 patients, 362 had symptoms suggestive of urethritis. In these 362, gonorrhoea was diagnosed in 78 (22%), while 88 (24%) harboured C. trachomatis; 15 harboured both organisms. Of those patients from whom C. trachomatis was isolated, 17% had no subjective symptoms of urethritis; the same percentage of symptomless carriers of gonococci was found. Watery discharge occurred more frequently in patients with chlamydial urethritis than in patients with gonorrhoea, while in the latter condition purulent discharge was more often found. Treatment with doxycycline for 9 days rendered 28 of 29 chlamydia-positive patients culture negative at control.
| 76,400
|
Nerves and nerve endings in the skin of tropical cattle.
|
The nerves and nerve endings in the skin of tropical cattle were studied using histological and histochemical techniques. Many nerve trunks and fibres were present in the reticular and papillary dermis in both hairy and non-hairy skin sites. In non-hairy skin locations such as the muzzle and lower lip, encapsulated endings akin to Krause and Ruffini end bulbs, which arise from myelinated nerve trunks situated lower down the dermis were observed at the upper papillary layer level. Some fibre trunks seen at this level extended upwards to terminate within dermal papillae as bulb-shaped longitudinally lamellated Pacinian-type endings, while other onion-shaped lamellated nerve structures were located either within dermal papillae or near the dermo-epidermal area. Intraepidermal free-ending nerve fibres, appearing non-myelinated were observed in areas with thick epidermis. Intraepidermal free-ending nerve fibres, appearing non-myelinated were observed in areas with thick epidermis. On hairy skin sites, however, organized nerve endings or intraepidermal nerve endings were not readily identifiable.
| 76,410
|
Histomorphometric analysis of normal bone from the iliac crest.
|
Bone specimens from a standardized area of the iliac crest were obtained at autopsy in 105 individuals after sudden unexpected death and at biopsy in 30 living volunteers. Seven micron thick sections of the plastic embedded undecalcified material were produced and stained. The amount of cancellous and cortical bone and the parameters attached to description of bone remodelling were determined by point counting and simple measurements, in order to establish normal mean values and range in a Danish population. A decrease in the amount of bone, trabecular as well as cortical, was found with increasing age in both males and females. The extent, volume and width of osteoid seams and the osteoclastic resorption were found to be age-independent. The osteoclastic resorption in cortical bone in males decreased, however, with increasing age. The reported values are of the greatest importance for the use of histomorphometric analysis of bone biopsies as a diagnostic tool in metabolic bone diseases. It is stressed, however, that supplementary information of the dynamic aspects of the bone remodelling would be necessary for the understanding of the pathogenesis of bone changes. Such information might be obtained by using tetracyline double labelling.
| 76,415
|
Interaction of 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide with DNA and inhibition of oncornavirus reverse transcriptase and cellular nucleic acid polymerases.
|
4'-(9-Acridinylamino)methanesulphon-m-anisidide (AMSA) (NSC 141549), an acridine derivative with activity against a variety of laboratory tumors in vivo, is presently undergoing Phase 1 clinical evaluation. The interaction of AMSA with DNA and its effects on nucleic acid-polymerizing enzymes were examined in an attempt to define the site of cytotoxicity of AMSA. Binding of AMSA to DNA, as demonstrated by equilibrium dialysis and spectrophotometric methods, appears to be similar to other aminoacridines, in that two types of binding sites (type 1 and type 2) were observed. Fluorescence studies and thermal denaturation studies gave strong evidence that AMSA type 1 binding was by intercalation into DNA. The binding of AMSA to DNA was without marked base-pair specificity. Furthermore, the effect of AMSA on nucleic acid-polymerizing enzyme activities (mouse embryo DNA polymerase alpha, avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase, and Escherichia coli RNA polymerase) was studied. Inhibition of enzyme activity by AMSA appeared to be independent of DNA base sequence. The relatively high concentrations of AMSA required for inhibition of these enzymes as compared to the concentrations of AMSA necessary for cytotoxicity in vitro suggest that the interaction with DNA alone might not fully explain its antitumor activity.
| 76,512
|
[Temporal organization of paroxysmal discharges in the child. I. Biotelemetric recordings during wakefulness].
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Based on telemetric recordings performed on 6 children, a study of the time distribution of intra-clinical paroxysmal discharges was carried out. It was tested whether this distribution is stochastic, and if not so, whether is depends upon an internal biological rhythm or upon environmental and behavioural factors. The times of occurrence of paroxysmal discharges, generalized and/or focal or partial, were located by visual inspection, and fed into a computer for statistical evaluation. Discharges and intervals were thus quantified for the overall recording time, for one situation or for groups of situations; the chronological distribution of discharges during successive 300 sec epochs was also computed. In all the cases, the discharge density varied from one moment to the next, but not in random fashion: the hypothesis of an internal modulation of the discharges was verified in some specific cases, more often, the changes in the discharge chronology seemed to be related to modifications of psychophysiological states observed during the successive experimental situations. The factors involved, namely, alertness, specific attention, stress, posture, etc., seemed to play a different role in each case; no simple correlation with the topography of discharges could be established. One explanation does not exclude the other: modulation of the discharges by biological rhythms could at any time be masked by variations due to environmental factors and to the subject's specific reaction to the latter. This type of study presents considerable methodological and interpretative difficulties which tend to emphasize individual differences rather than allowing to draw general laws.
| 76,535
|
A self-powered, preprogrammable, constant current, electronic stimulator for implantation in conscious and unrestrained, small animals.
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A completely implantable electronic brain stimulator was designed and constructed using commercially available Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor digital, integrated circuits. All stimulation parameters were preprogrammed prior to implantation. They included bipolar pulse width (0.5 msec), constant current intensity (120 muA) and frequency (125 pulses/sec) as well as pulse train length (33 sec) and the interval between pulse trains (70 min). After complete encapsulation, the unit weighed 6.2 g and measured 30 mm X 15 mm X 8 mm. The units were easily implanted under the skin in the flank areas of 300 g rats. The 5 muW power consumption allowed implanted lifetimes of over 6 months. A miniature magnetic switch was included inside the package to allow testing of the unit after implantation. Stimulators were implanted in 17 rats for periods of 4--62 days in a study exploring the relationship between long term electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus and the development of arterial pathology.
| 76,549
|
A new concept of triggering mechanisms of IgE-mediated histamine release.
|
It is generally accepted that an initial step of reaginic hypersensitivity reactions is a bridging of mast cell--bound IgE antibody molecules by antigen. Since IgE molecules are firmly bound to receptors on mast cells, bridging of cell-bound IgE molecules probably brings receptor molecules into close proximity. A hypothesis was therefore presented that such a local change in membrane structure and/or possible interaction between adjacent receptor molecules may be triggering mechanisms of IgE-mediated histamine release. The hypothesis was tested by use of antibodies against "exposed portion" of receptor molecules on rat basophilic leukemia cells. It was found that antireceptor antibodies and its F(ab')2fragments induced noncytotoxic histamine release from normal rat mast cells without participation of IgE, while the monovalent Fab' fragments of the antibody failed to do so. However, sensitization of normal rat skin with the Fab' fragments followed by an intravenous injection of antirabbit IgG induced skin reactions. These findings support the concept that bridging of receptors rather than polymerization of IgE molecules is responsible for the activation of membrane-associated enzymes which in turn leads to histamine release.
| 76,642
|
Mechanism of the antipsychotic effect in the treatment of acute schizophrenia.
|
In a double-blind trial in which 45 patients with acute schizophrenia took part the alpha-isomer of flupenthixol (which blocks the dopamine receptor) was found to be significantly more effective than both beta-flupenthixol (which does not) and placebo. The drug effect was confined to the "positive" symptoms--delusions, hallucinations, and though disorder--and appeared only in the 3rd and 4th weeks of the trial. It was as great in patients with evidence of deterioration (Feighner-positive patients) as in patients without deterioration and was less in patients who had affective disturbance in addition to schizophrenia symptoms. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that dopamine-receptor blockade is the only requirement for antipsychotic activity and suggest that the antipsychotic effect occurs in patients with typically schizophrenic illnesses but may be limited to positive symptoms.
| 76,797
|
A life-threatening complication of the infusion pump.
|
Serious disturbances in respiration and venous return developed in 2 infants in whom infusion into a central vein was controlled by a peristalic pump. The effects were the result of extravasation which led to build-up of pressure in the medistinum.
| 76,799
|
Antithrombin-III transfusion in disseminated intravascular coagulation.
|
Three patients with a severe bleeding disorder and disseminated intravascular coagulation were effectively treated with human antithrombin-III concentrates. This treatment, followed by administration of prothrombin complex and platelet suspensions, resulted in a normal haemostasis, which was maintained during clinical investigations and surgery.
| 76,800
|
Passive transfer of diabetes mellitus from man to mouse.
|
Lymphocytes extracted from peripheral-blood samples from each of six patients with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were transplanted into arthymic nude mice. At one or more sampling times (in the thirty-day study) blood sugar was higher in mice which had received lymphocytes from diabetic patients than in the control mice which had received lymphocytes from non-diabetic donors. Blood-sugar concentrations reached 260 mg/dl in some mice in the experimental group. This study demonstrates that lymphocytes may have an aggressive role in diabetogenesis. With this mouse experimental model mechanisms involved in diabetogenesis, and probably also in other disease in which lymphocytes are suspected of being involved in pathogenesis, could be investigated.
| 76,848
|
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