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Contractile state of the left ventricle in man as evaluated from end-systolic pressure-volume relations.
|
End-systolic pressure (PES), volume (VES), wall tension (TES) and circumference (CES) of the human left ventricle were studied at cardiac catheterization in 24 subjects with varying degrees of left ventricular dysfunction. Acute alterations in systolic load consistently resulted in changes in VES and CES, with a smaller volume and circumference characterizing the lower systolic load in each subject. End systolic pressure-volume lines were constructed by plotting PES against VES at the higher and lower systolic load in each subject. The slope of the resultant lines was considerably steeper for normal than for poorly contractile left ventricles. Vo, the volume axis intercept of the line (i.e., the theoretical VES at PES = O) was significantly smaller for normal than for poorly contractile ventricles. Similar findings were noted for Co, the theoretic end-systolic circumference at zero end-systolic ventricular wall tension. Post-extrasystolic potentiation resulted in decreased VES and CES with no change in PES and only a slight fall in TES. In conclusion, end-systolic pressure-volume and tension-circumference relations reflect the contractile state of left ventricular myocardium. Quantitation of these relationships may provide a useful new approach to the assessment of myocardial function in man.
| 71,960
|
Effectiveness of methods of teaching dental health to 9- to 10-year-old schoolchildren in the United Kingdom.
|
Dental health education employing five different teaching methods was given to classes of 9- to 10-year-old schoolchildren. A control class received no teaching. The dental health knowledge of the classes was assessed before teaching, and immediately, 1 week and 3 months after teaching by the use of a questionnaire. All methods resulted in a variable increase in marks immediately after teaching. This was followed by a fall in marks for each class over the 3-month period. The poster and pack methods of presenting information, overall, had little or no effect on the recall of information. The talk, visual aids and project methods all significantly increased dental health knowledge for the 3-month period.
| 71,966
|
A comparative study of flurbiprofen and indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis.
|
A double-blind crossover trial of 200 mg flurbiprofen daily and 100 mg indomethacin daily, each given for 2 weeks separated by a 1-week placebo washout period, was carried out in 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The results were analyzed for the 26 patients with complete records. No statistically significant differences were found between the two treatments with regard to subjective impression of pain severity, duration of morning stiffness, grip strength, joint size, haemoglobin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. When the results for each treatment period were compared to baseline and both drugs considered individually, there was a statistically significant improvement from baseline. During the flurbiprofen treatment period the erythrocyte sedimentation rate showed a statistically significant fall, but not with indomethacin. During the placebo washout period between the active therapies, there was a statistically significant worsening in all parameters apart from the level of haemoglobin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. These assessments showed little change. Five patients reported side-effects with indomethacin, and 1 with flurbiprofen. No side-effects were reported during the placebo period and although 4 patients were withdrawn, none was withdrawn because of side-effects. Patient preference was for flurbiprofen.
| 71,973
|
Flurbiprofen at night.
|
Three double-blind crossover trials were used to study the effects of single doses of flurbiprofen at night on pain at night, duration of morning stiffness and sleep disturbance in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Flurbiprofen (150 mg) was shown to be superior to placebo and 150 mg was no more effective than 100 mg. Serum levels of the drug were significantly higher with 150 mg but did not correlate with clinical effects.
| 71,974
|
The interaction of Hoechst 33258 and BrdU substituted DNA in the formation of sister chromatid exchanges.
|
Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) are induced in cultured Chinese hamster cells by treatment with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) or with Hoechst 33258 (H33258) plus BrdU. The SCE frequencies depend upon the number of H33258 molecules available per cell (or per base pair) and the number of brdU molecules available per cell, and not solely upon molarity. In addition, H33258 and BrdU act synergistically to induce SCEs. At low BrdU concentrations H 33258 induces very few SCEs. At high BrdU concentrations and similar concentrations of H33258, however, SCE frequencies are significantly increased. SCE frequencies decrease with time in successively harvested cells because of the depletion of H33258 from the medium due to DNA binding.
| 71,978
|
Inflammatory cell count and identification in specific duodenitis. (Celiac disease, Whipple's disease and Crohn's disease). Comparison with jejunal findings.
|
The authors studied the count and identification of inflammatory cells in duodenal biopsies of specific duodenitis. In celiac disease there is an increase of lymphocytes in the epithelial layer, and rich population of plasmacells in the lamina propria of duodenal mucosa. In Whipple's disease the reticulum cell component of lamina propria is increased, while total inflammatory cells are within normal limits, and both lymphocytes and plasmacells are decreased. The comparison between duodenal and jejunal findings shows similar data in celiac and Whipple's disease. In Crohn's disease the inflammatory cell count differs from controls only in presence of radiological or endoscopical features of duodenal involvement.
| 71,989
|
An improved HRP method for the study of central nervous connections.
|
The HRP tract-tracing method has been modified by the introduction of cryoprotective agents, thereby allowing the enzymatic reaction to take place at sub-zero temperatures. By using cold temperatures the enzymatic reaction can be better controlled, which in turn makes it possible to "push" the method to its maximum without obtaining excessive crystallization. The addition of antifreeze agents, however, changes the acid-base phenomena, which in turn have to be adjusted by the use of appropriate buffers. The overall result is a considerable increase in efficiency as compared with the commonly used HRP procedure.
| 72,001
|
The influence of immunization on some functions of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in vitro.
|
Polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) obtained from immunized guinea pigs possess an affinity to antigen. The guinea pigs were immunized with human serum albumin (HSA) in complete Freund's adjuvant. The ability of PMNL to bind antigen was tested by means of the functional disorders induced by antigen after incubation with PMNL. The "immune" PMNL appeared to be more responsive to antigen when compared to PMNL obtained from non-immunized animals. The antigen decreases oxygen consumption, the phagocytosis coefficient and 14C-glycine incorporation in the "immune" PMNLs in vitro and also induces leakage of some lysosomal hydrolases from PMNL in the course of an 18 hrs incubation period.
| 72,003
|
[The effect of extracorporeal blood radiotherapy on the peripheral blood T and B-lymphocytes in chronic lymphadenitis].
|
B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes were determined before and after therapy in 12 patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) treated with extracorporal blood radiation (ECIB). There was a significant decrease of B-lymphocytes (p less than 0.001) from 85.3 +/- 6.55% to 71.55 +/- 10.60% by ECIB, whereas no significant changes could be found in T-lymphocytes. 12 untreated CLL patients, whose B-lymphocytes amounted 83.25 +/- 6.79% with 7.5 +/- 3.42% of T-lymphocytes, were examined as group of comparison. From these findings ECIB is concluded to cause a decrease of accumulated B-cells.
| 72,022
|
[The effect of the AcD-AG stabilizer on the survival time and surface properties of fluid preserved platelet concentrates compared to concentrates from fresh blood].
|
In the present investigations the storage effect the AcD-AG stabilizer on thrombocytes is examined. The thrombocytokinetic parameters of 9 fresh blood concentrates and 15 concentrates of AcD-AG plasma containing platelets were determined. Storage time amounted to three days. The results show that storage with AcD-AG is only possible to a limited degree. On an average the survival time of the platelets was reduced to 2.7 +/- 1.1 days compared with 9.0 +/- 1.0 days of fresh blood concentrates. The recovery of the stored platelets amounted to 25.3 +/- 16.1%, that of the fresh blood concentrates to 63.3 +/- 23.6%. The spleen-heart quotients and those of the liver-heart or the surplus impulses over the spleen and liver respectively indicate that there is a predominant destruction in the spleen for those thrombocytes stored for three days. The liver is scarcely involved in this sequestration process. With 36.1% platelet yield was very low in concentrates gained from AcD-AG plasma containing platelets and having been stored for 3 days. In cases of emergency a clinical application of concentrates prepared in this way should not be given up. If being used, the greater requirement has to be taken into account. If the substitution therapy is continued, however, fresh blood concentrates have to be used as soon as possible.
| 72,028
|
Interspecies-, species- and type-specific T antigenic determinants of human papovaviruses (JC and BK) and of Simian virus 40.
|
Immunofluorescence tests, absorption studies and quantitative analysis by a very sensitive 51Cr microcomplement fixation (CF) technique were used to define the degree of relatedness between the tumor (T) antigens induced by human papovaviruses, strain JC and BK, with simian virus 40(SV40) and mouse polyoma virus (PyV). Antisera against JCV, BKV, SV40 and PyV T were raised in tumor-bearing hamsters. The data obtained indicate that T antigens of JCV, BKV and SV40 possess various subspecificities which can be distinguished and looked upon as interspecies-, species- and type-specific antigenic determinants. It was found that JCV T and BKV T synthesized in transformed hamster cells share about the same amount (20%) of interspecies cross-reacting antigen with SV40 T from H-50 cell extracts (transformed hamster cells). Although hamster cells transformed by PyV showed definite PyV T reactivity, no cross-reactivity, at least with the sera used, was found with human papovavirus and SV40 T antigens. Furthermore, degree of heterogeneity was observed within the T antigen complex derived from different SV40-transformed cells.
| 72,046
|
Immunological study of the regulation of cellular arylsulfatase synthesis in Klebsiella aerogenes.
|
Regulation of cellular arylsulfatase synthesis in Klebsiella aerogenes was analyzed by immunological techniques. Antibody directed against the purified arylsulfatase from K. aerogenes W70 was obtained from rabbits and characterized by immunoelectrophoresis, double-diffusion, quantitative precipitation, and enzyme neutralization tests. Arylsulfatase was located in the periplasmic space when the wild-type strain was cultured with methionine or with inorganic sulfate plus tyramine, but not with inorganic sulfate without tyramine, as the sole sulfur source. Tyramine oxidase was retained in the membrane fraction prepared from cells grown in the presence of tyramine. Arylsulfatase protein was not synthesized in the presence of tyramine and inorganic sulfate by mutant K611, which is deficient in tyramine oxidase (tynA). We conclude that the expression of the arylsulfatase gene (atsA) is regulated by the expression of tynA and that inorganic sulfate serves as a corepressor. In addition, strains mutated in the atsA gene were analyzed by using antibody.
| 72,063
|
The olivocerebellar projection in the cat studied with the method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. VI. The projection onto longitudinal zones of the paramedian lobule.
|
Microinjections (30-50 nl) of a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) suspension of 25% (wt./vol.) were made in different folia of the paramedian lobule of cats, and the sites of occurrence of labeled cells in the inferior olive were precisely determined. In each case only a small number of cells are labeled, aggregated in a minute area. The labeled cells are found within three only of the four olivary areas previously determined (Brodal et al., '75) to project onto the paramedian lobule (fig. 1): one area in the rostral half of the medial accessory olive, another in the dorsal accessory olive (except its caudalmost part), and a third in part of the caudal half of the dorsal lamella of the principal olive. Labeled cells were never found in the fourth area, the ventral lamella. A distinct zonal pattern in the projection is demonstrated (figs. 3, 5B): a middle longitudinal zone of the paramedian lobule receives olivary afferents from the area in the medial accessory olive, a medial zone from part of the projection area in the dorsal accessory olive, a lateral zone from part of the projection area in the dorsal lamella. This zonal projection appears to extend throughout the length of the paramedian lobule (the two caudalmost folia could not be studied). tthe somatotopical pattern in the projections from the accessory olives described previously (Brodal et al., '75) is confirmed. The pattern of a zonal projection obtained with the HRP-method (fig 5B) is simpler than that deduced by Armstrong et al ('74) from recordings of antidromic potentials in the olive (fig 5A). Concerning main points there is satisfactory agreement. The phenomenon that following microinjections of HRP in superficial parts of the folia labeled cells occur within parts only of the regions of the olive which contain labeled cells following large HRP-injections in the paramedian lobule is discussed.
| 72,081
|
Immune responses to vaginal or systemic infection of BALB/c mice with herpes simplex virus type 2.
|
The temporal relationships among the humoral and cellular immune responses were defined in BALB/c mice after vaginal or systemic infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). After vaginal infection, mice showed evidence of clinical vaginitis on days 4 to 6 and HSV-2 replication was detected locally in the vaginal secretions, cervix, vagina, and uterus before the virus subsequently spread to the central nervous system. Death from encephalitis occurred between 7 and 10 days after infection. Vaginal infection was associated with significant delayed type hypersensitivity and splenic proliferative cell-mediated immune responses which appeared during the acute infection and waned by 3 weeks. There was almost no evidence of a systemic neutralizing antibody response at any time after vaginal infection. In contrast to the local vaginal infection, systemic i.v. HSV-2 infection induced a humoral response as well as the two cellular immune responses. Although both cellular immune responses appeared during the acute infection (days 6 to 14) and persisted for approximately 5 weeks, the humoral response appeared in surviving animals and persisted for at least 4 months. Thus, vaginal HSV-2 infection was associated primarily with transient cellular immune responses, whereas i.v. HSV-2 infection induced prolonged systemic humoral and cellular immune responses.
| 72,115
|
Structural subunits of poliovirus particles by electron microscopy.
|
Electron microscopy of poliovirus particles and empty capsids under various conditions of specimen deposition and staining visualizes the dissociation products of these particles. The dissociation proceeds in steps; it begins with the expansion of particles and leads to the final product of the dissociation--a cluster of several sub-particles of equal size (approx. 100 A in diam.). A scheme of the dissociation is proposed on the basis of the observed intermediates.
| 72,129
|
The bioavailability of phenytoin.
|
The bioavailability of three commercial products of phenytoin (Epanutin, sodium salt; Phenhydan, calcium salt; Zentropil, free acid) was studied relative to a standard solution of sodium phenytoin. Each preparation was given for 14 days in a daily dose of 300 mg according to a cross over design. The three brands tested were equivalent as to their bioavailability with respect to plasma concentrations during one dosing interval, the area under the plasma level time curve, the time of peak plasma concentration, and the urinary excretion of the primary metabolite. Therefore, these phenytoin brands are bioequivalent and exchangeable for antiepileptic treatment. The standard solution of sodium phenytoin had a higher bioavailability as compared to the commercial products.
| 72,133
|
Temperature dependence of normal sensory nerve action potentials.
|
Sensory conduction velocities of normal subjects are increasing linearly with rising temperature. The duration of the compound sensory action potentials recorded from the median nerve at the wrist and elbow shows a negative temperature coefficient. The peak-to-peak amplitude of these potentials increases from 22 degrees to approximately 26 degrees C and then decreases progressively again up to 36 degrees C. It is believed that this behavior is due to a combination of decreasing temporal dispersion, height and duration of the individual spike potentials.
| 72,135
|
The relationship between histamine secretion and 45calcium uptake by mast cells.
|
1. Unstimulated mast cells from the peritoneal cavity of the rat take up (45)Ca: the initial phase of rapid uptake being complete after 1 min incubation of the cells with the isotope. Stimulation of the mast cells with an antigen-antibody reaction, dextran or concanavalin A induces an increase in the uptake of (45)Ca which is accompanied by a release of granular material: this increase in (45)Ca uptake is also complete in 1 min. The majority of the stimulated (45)Ca uptake cannot be explained in terms of binding of Ca to released granular material, or to an enlargement in either the extracellular compartment or the cell surface area.2. The magnitude of the increase in (45)Ca uptake caused by stimulating the mast cells increases when the degree of histamine secretion increases.3. The increased (45)Ca uptake induced by stimulation of the mast cells and the degree of histamine secretion are both dependent on extracellular H ion concentration. Changes of pH cause similar changes in (45)Ca uptake and secretion with maxima at pH 7.5.4. Two thirds of the (45)Ca uptake induced by an antigen-antibody reaction or by the Ca ionophore A 23187 is unaffected by inhibiting glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Histamine secretion on the other hand is practically abolished by this metabolic inhibition. Thus, (45)Ca uptake proceeds in the absence of the discharge of granules.5. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP or theophylline inhibit both the increase in (45)Ca uptake and the histamine secretion caused by stimulating mast cells with an antigen-antibody reaction. Cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP and dibutyryl cyclic GMP have no effect on uptake or secretion.6. The Ca ionophore, A 23187, induces uptake of (45)Ca and histamine secretion, neither effect being inhibited by either dibutyryl cyclic AMP or theophylline.7. Phosphatidyl serine increases both (45)Ca uptake and the histamine release induced by an antigen-antibody reaction, dextran or concanavalin A.
| 72,146
|
Movement of strontium ions into mast cells and its relationship to the secretory response.
|
1. Non-stimulated mast cells take up (89)Sr and (45)Ca. There is a rapid phase of uptake of both labels which is complete in 1 min and the (89)Sr uptake is similar in magnitude to the (45)Ca uptake. A further slower phase of uptake occurs in the period from 1 to 30 min of incubation. The magnitude of this slower phase is about 6 times greater for (89)Sr than for (45)Ca.2. Non-stimulated and antigen-stimulated mast cells accumulate Sr which can be measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. There is a direct relationship between Sr accumulation and histamine secretion which is independent of whether or not the cells are stimulated. 10% histamine secretion is associated with Sr accumulation of 0.25 f-mole/cell.3. The time course of (89)Sr uptake is similar to the time course of histamine secretion in non-stimulated cells.4. The uptake of (89)Sr is linearly related to the external Sr concentration in the range 0.5-16 m-mole/l. for both stimulated and non-stimulated cells.5. Ca, 10-1000 mumole/l. inhibits (89)Sr uptake in non-stimulated cells.6. Inhibition of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation prevents spontaneous histamine secretion in the presence of Sr without blocking the accumulation of Sr by the cells.7. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP, 10 m-mole/l. produces only 18% inhibition of (89)Sr uptake whereas histamine secretion is inhibited by 45% by the same concentration. The antigen-stimulated Sr uptake on the other hand can be completely inhibited by dibutyryl cyclic AMP, 10 m-mole/l.8. The uptakes of (89)Sr and Sr by unstimulated mast cells after 60 min incubation are dependent on extracellular H ion concentration. Both uptakes increase with increasing pH over the range pH 7-8.5.
| 72,148
|
Oral non-absorbed antibiotics prevent infection in acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia.
|
113 patients being treated for acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia were investigated to determine the effect of suppression of body microbial flora on prevention of infection. They were randomly allocated to a control group or a group which received non-absorbed antibiotics by mouth and topical applications of cutaneous and mucosal antiseptic preparations. The group receiving oral non-absorbed antibiotics had significantly few infections, fewer deaths from infection, fewer pyrexial episodes, and consequently received less systemic antibiotic therapy than the controls.
| 72,192
|
Morphometric changes in rabbit ventricular myocardium produced by long-term beta-adrenoceptor blockade.
|
In rabbits long-term beta-adrenoceptor blockade did not cause any change in the morphology of individual organelles in the ventricular myocardium. There were, however, striking and significant changes in their relative distribution: (1) the relative volume of the mitochondria was reduced and was replaced by an equivalent relative increase in sarcoplasm; and (2) the relative volume of vascular elements was increased and the interfibrillar volume was decreased, so that the path from capillary to cell wall was reduced. The relative volumes of myofibrils and nuclei were unchanged. The doses used were well within the range used clinically, so that the results could be relevant to the efficacy of beta-blockers in angina pectoris, because the relative increase in capillaries and shorter diffusion pathway for oxygen could raise oxygen availability. The reduced rate of growth of the heart in young rabbits during beta-blockade may also be relevant to the treatment of infants with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy by beta-blockers.
| 72,197
|
Immunological events at the surface of basophil granulocytes and mast cells which induce degranulation.
|
IgE molecules combine with basophil granulocytes and mast cells through the Fc portion and sensitize these cells for reaginic hypersensitivity reactions. The number of receptors for IgE per human basophil granulocyte is estimated to be 40,000 to 100,000 and those on rat mast cells is about 300,000. The binding of IgE with the receptor is reversible and does not involve covalent bonding. The affinity of IgE molecules for the receptors is high; the equilibrium constant of the reaction is in the order of 10(9)/mole for both human basophils and rat mast cell systems. Such a high affinity will explain why a minute amount of IgE antibody can sensitize the target cells and why sensitization with the antibody is so persistent. The initial step of the reaginic hypersensitivity reactions is probably bridging of cell-bound IgE molecules by antigen, which activates enzymatic sequences. The release of chemical mediators, however, is controlled by pharmacological factors which have most important rôles in transducing immunological signals into intracellular signals and subsequent biochemical processes.
| 72,408
|
Histocompatibility determinants in Israeli Jewish patients with multiple sclerosis.
|
The distribution of 24 HLA antigens of the A and B loci was investigated in 197 Israeli Jewish patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) from various Jewish ethnic origins including central and eastern Europe, countries bordering the Mediterranean, the Middle East and from native-born Israelis. The results were compared with the HLA antigen frequencies in a control sample of 455 unrelated individuals representing the general Jewish population. The frequency of HLA-Bw40 among all MS patients (15%) was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) than among the controls (7%). In contrast to the findings in MS patients from other populations, there was no increased frequency of A3 and B7 and Dw2 was present in only one out of 28 patients. The study showed a similar distribution of HLA-A and -B locus antigens, especially of Bw40, in Jews of diverse ethnic origins represented in the control group.
| 72,427
|
[Short-term catheterization following electroresection of the prostate and adenomectomy].
|
The catheter short-term treatment is used in altogether 500 patients in adenectomy as well as in TUR. Apart from the restoration of regular passage the reduction of the infection of the urinary tract is the most important aim of the surgery of the prostate gland. With the help of the short catheter follow-up treatment within the first four weeks after operation the infection of the urinary tract is cured in 87,5% of the cases. The subjective trouble of the patient is further decreased. Prerequisite for the permanent catheter short-term treatment is the exact operation technique combined with most careful haemostasis.
| 72,465
|
[Occurrence of pseudoisocyanine-positive endocrine cells in the midgut of the hamster (Cricelulus griseus) (author's transl)].
|
Pseudoisocyanine-reacting cells could be identified in the intestinal glands of the upper duodenum of the hamster (Cricetulus griseus). These cells contain numerous granules as carrier substances of the colouring pigments. Presumable these cells are insulin-producing cells.
| 72,477
|
Topochemical localization of lipids in dinosaur bone by means of Sudan B black.
|
A dinosaur bone was examined with the aim to demonstrate in it the presence of lipids and to determine their localization. Ground sections of the bone in question revealed the presence of substances yielding positive reactions on application of a histochemical method used for identification of lipids. Moreover, these substances were found to be localized in the vascular canal, precisely, in the perivascular space. Localization of lipids in a dinosaur bone appeared to be comparable with the distribution of these substances in human bone and in bone of contemporary animals.
| 72,479
|
NMR observation of gramicidin A' in phosphatidylcholine vesicles.
|
Dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine was prepared with perdeuterated hydrocarbon chains and sonicated into bilayer vesicles together with gramicidin A'. The 1H NMR resonance from the tryptophan residues in the gramicidin has a linewidth of approximately 80 Hz, indicating significant local mobility for these residues. Paramagnetic lanthanides added to the aqueous medium cause a chemical shift of this signal indicating that some of the tryptophans may be located in the interfacial region of the bilayer.
| 72,565
|
[Association of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced cancer of the head and neck].
|
At the Head and Neck and Roentgentherapy Services of Fundaçao Antonio Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil, 38 patients with advanced cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx, were divided into two groups: the first, submmited to treatment with Bleomycin and Linear Acelerator, and the second to isolated irradiation. Both groups received 7 000 rads in 32 days, and to the association group, Bleomycin was administered in dosis of 300 mgs. The authors concluded that, that Chemo-Radiotherapic association didn't increase the survival rate.
| 72,576
|
Electron microscopy of rapid identification of animal viruses in hematoxylin-eosin sections.
|
Routine hematoxylin-eosin stained, paraffin sections were processed for electron microscopy, using a rapid method for localization of animal viruses. Formalin fixation was effective in preserving DNA as well as RNA viruses, however cellular fine structural details and organelles were not well preserved. The procedure is useful for morphological recognition of viral groups and as a rapid diagnostic aid for identifying viral disease.
| 72,592
|
Cellular localization of alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin in germ cell tumors of the testis using and indirect immunoperoxidase technique.
|
An immunohistologic study of 21 patients with germ cell tumors of the testis with measured serum levels of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and alpha-feto protein (AFP) was undertaken to correlate the various types of neoplasms with the presence of these tumor markers in the tissue and serum. AFP was demonstrated in mononuclear embryonal cells within embryonal carcinoma and endodermal sinus tumor. HCG was identified within syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells, frequently in association with embryonal carcinoma, and rarely with endodermal sinus tumor and seminoma, as well as in the syncytiotropho-blastic component of choriocarcinoma. Eighteen of the 21 patients (86%) had elevated tumor markers in their serum; serum HCG alone was elevated in five (24%), AFP alone in five (24%) and both were elevated in eight (38%). There was tissue localization of HCG in 12 of the 13 patients (92%) with elevated serum HCG while AFP was identified in the tumor in eight of the 13 patients (53%) with elevated serum AFP levels. Based on these findings, a tentative immunohistologic classification of germ cell tumors utilizing AFP and HCG is proposed. Thus, embryonal carcinoma, adult type, is frequently associated with both AFP and HCG, endodermal sinus tumor with AFP and choriocarcinoma with HCG, whereas pure seminoma and teratoma are unlikely to be associated with either marker.
| 72,596
|
Specificity of antisera produced against bleomycin.
|
The specificity of antisera produced in a goat or rabbit for use in bleomycin radioimmunoassay has been examined using competitive experiments employing several bleomycin analogs. These studies demonstrate that the antiserum distinguished alterations in both the nucleus and the terminal structure of the molecule. Removal of the terminal structure or addition of an aminosugar moiety in the bleomycin nucleus resulted in a significant decrease in immunoreactivity. Antisera produced in goat and rabbit hosts had different specificity for the terminal structure. The goat antisera demonstrated greater specificity for the terminal side chain than the rabbit antisera although this may not reflect a species-related event.
| 72,602
|
Localization of gonadotrophic hormones in the dog pituitary gland. A study using immunoenzyme histochemistry and chemical staining.
|
Using the immunoperoxidase technique and antisera to the specific beta (beta) subunits of FSH and LH1, selective immunochemical staining was localized mostly in the same cell type in the pars distalis and pars tuberalis of the dog pituitary gland. However, some cells were consistently shown to react solely with antisera to either LH beta of FSH beta. The cells stained for FSH beta were at least 1.5 times less numerous than those shown to contain LH beta. In the pars distalis of adult male dogs the immunoreactive gonadotrophs varied greatly in their relative proportion and were mostly shown to be much less numerous than in bitches in the anestrus phase of the sexual cycle. These cells were found to be positive to aldehyde fuchsin, alcian blue, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and aniline blue. The performic acid-alcian blue (pH 0.2)-PAS-orange G procedure stained the FSH/LH cells blue or turquoise, demonstrating TSH cells (blue-purple), ACTH/MSH cells (red-purple) and PRL cells (orange-red). The FSH/LH cells were further differentiated from other functional cell types of the pars distalis on the basis of their typical cytological features, intraglandular distribution and by immunochemical double staining. These observations support the concept that the one cell-one hormone theory may not apply to gonadotrophic hormones, although some cells seem to be the source of either FSH or LH.
| 72,609
|
Differential Giemsa staining of sister chromatids after extraction with acids.
|
Chromosomes of Chinese hamster strain cells were air-dried on slides after BrdU substitution for two or three rounds of replication. The preparations were treated with 20% PCA at 55 degrees C for 20-30 min, or 5N HCl at 55 degrees C for 15-20 min. After staining with Giemsa, unifilarly BrdU-substituted chromatids stained faintly and bifilarly substituted chromatids stained darkly. Such a pattern of sister chromatid differential staining was confirmed by the examination of metaphase cells grown with BrdU for three rounds of replication.
| 72,637
|
Modification of amygdalo-cortical evoked potentials by kindling and pentetrazol-induced generalized convulsions in cats.
|
Amygdalo-cortical pathways were studied in control cats, kindled cats and pentetrazol-injected cats by the evoked potential method. An increase in amplitude of suprasylvian cortical evoked potentials to stimulation of the amygdala was observed in the kindled group and in the pentetrazol group. Moreover, evoked potentials to stimulation of the amygdala appeared at the sigmoid gyrus after generalized convulsions in the kindled group and after pentetrazol in the other group. These modifications were permanent in the kindled group while they were only transient in the pentetrazol group.
| 72,647
|
Serum thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone and free thyroid hormone indices in patients with familial thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency.
|
The response in serum thyrotropin (TSH) to synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) as well as serum free thyroxine index (FT4I) and free triiodothyronine index (FT3I) was investigated in six patients with familial thyroxine-binding-globulin (TBG) deficiency. The total serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were significantly decreased, compared with those of normal subjects (3.4 +/- 0.9 microgram/dl, mean +/- SD. vs. 9.0 +/- 1.5 microgram/dl, p less than 0.01 and 87 +/- 27 ng/dl vs. 153 +/- 37 ng/dl, p less than 0.01, respectively). FT4I was lower than the normal range in all but one (5.3 +/- 1.5 vs. 8.9 +/- 1.6, p less than 0.01), whereas FT3I was all in the normal range and of no significant difference from the normal control (132 +/- 22 vs. 148 +/- 25). Serum TSH concentrations in TBG deficiency were all in the normal range (1.0-4.2 muU/ml) and the maximum TSH increments following TRH 500 microgram iv were 8.9 +/- 2.0 muU/ml and of no significant difference from the normal control (10.2 +/- 4.5 muU/ml). These results indicate that the euthyroid state in familial TBG deficiency is more clearly defined by TRH-test and the normal response to TRH in familial TBG deficiency is presumably under the control of the serum free T3 level rather than the serum free T4 level.
| 72,658
|
The possible role of vasoactive substances for the hemodynamic effects of rapidly injected antilymphocyte globulin.
|
A rapid intravenous injection of ALG into splenectomized dogs induced an almost complete elimination of lymphocytes and an extensive but partly reversible thrombocytopenia during which platelets were trapped in the lung. During this trapping there was a significant decrease in arterial blood pressure, pulmonary blood volume and cardiac output concomitant with a marked increase in the portal pressure. The pulmonary arterial pressure remained unchanged. The hemodynamic effects are probably caused by a release of vasoactive substances which induced a decreased venous return from splanchnic pooling and statis. Prostaglandins and histamine seem to play a dominant role, since Aspirin, promethazine and 48/80 markedly reduced the side-effects.
| 72,668
|
Role of epitope density in the induction of immunity and tolerance with thymus-independent antigens. IV. Selective tolerance and IgE response by DNP-levan conjugates.
|
Tolerance induction of IgE antibody-forming cells by dinitrophenylated levan (DNP-LE) conjugates was investigated in CBA mice. Antibody production was measured by passive coutaneous anaphylaxis on rat skin. Specific antibody neutralization was obtained with conjugates of different substitution degrees. Specific inhibition of IgE antibody production was obtained only with highly substituted conjugates. However, the epitope density required for inducing tolerance to antibody synthesis of the IgE class was lower than for other classes of immunoglobulins. The tolerance induced by DNP-LE was shown to affect only the anti-DNP B cells of IgE class without T cell participation. These results demonstrate that B cell precursors of all Ig classes are susceptible to tolerance induction and not to triggering by T-independent antigens.
| 72,672
|
Preparation and assessment of antisera to ACTH.
|
Antisera to ACTH were produced in rabbits injected repeatedly at multiple intradermal sites with synthetic [Asp25, Ala26, Gly27]alphah-corticotropin-(1-28)-octacosapeptide-bovine gamma globulin conjugate (octacosapeptide is a sequence analogue of alphah1-28-ACTH). Antibodies to extracted human or porcine ACTH were detected in all of the sera 1 month after immunization. A considerable proportion of the antisera obtained from a single final bleeding 5 months after the primary immunization were suitable for sensitive radioimmunoassay. The antisera were shown to neutralize the steroidogenic activity of ACTH in an isolated rat adrenal cell bioassay system. Titres estimated from antiserum dilution curves and relative avidities from the standard curves were compared. It was possible to detect picogram amounts of ACTH in plasma-free medium with the best antisera. The method described is an effective means of producing anti-sera to the weakly immunogenic N-terminal fragment of the ACTH molecule.
| 72,698
|
Myocardial infarct size: clinicopathologic agreement and discordance.
|
An accurate postmortem method of planimetrically estimating the extent of myocardial infarction was employed in 16 cases. Delineation of necrotic myocardium was enhanced by a macroscopic staining technique, which utilizes a tetrazolium dye. Comparison of infarct size with peak serum creatine phosphokinase levels showed a general correlation between the two that was not statistically significant. Two markedly disparate cases serve to emphasize the need for clinical awareness of the temporal relationship between myocardial infarction and creatinine phosphokinase analysis as well as the possibility of other anatomic sources of elevation of serum enzyme levels. Comparison of infarct sizes in cardiogenic shock and nonshock patients confirms the existence of a significant relationship between a larger myocardial infarct and shock. However, the data from several patients in the group again emphasize the possibility of maintaining a reasonable blood pressure in the face of a massive myocardial infarction or, more importantly, of manifesting "cardiogenic" shock when only a small amount of left ventricular damage has been sustained. The latter possibility may be related to other anatomic events, e.g., bowel infarction, hemorrhage, or possibly right ventricular ischemia, infarction, or dysfunction.
| 72,721
|
The control of specificity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by the major histocompatibility complex (AG-B) in rats and identification of a new alloantigen system showing no AG-B restriction.
|
The regulatory influence of the rat major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (Ag-B complex) on the specificity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes was investigated. It was shown that the effector cells were specific for the original Ag-B phenotype in rat systems in which the responder and stimulator cell populations were unquestionably MHC identical but expressed different minor alloantigens of viral antigens. However, combined in vivo immunization and restimulation in culture of lymphocytes from rat strains previously thought to be MHC compatible resulted in the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes which effectively lyse not only target cells from the specific stimulating strains but also, to varying degrees, target cells from third party strains regardless of their Ag-B haplotypes. Genetic analysis indicates that expression of these cytotoxic T-cell-defined ("CT") antigens, found on both T and B lymphocytes, detectable thus far only with cytotoxic lymphocytes, is controlled by a single locus which segregates in backcross populations with the rat MHC. Discrepancies between the nature of CT antigens of the rat Ag-B and I-region specificities of the mouse H-2 are discussed.
| 72,782
|
Laboratory characteristics of poxviruses isolated from captive elephants in Germany.
|
Proxviruses isolated from captive elephants in Germany have been characterized. Although related to vaccinia and even more closely to cowpox virus, the separate identity of elephantpox virus was established by both biological and serological methods. Elephantpox virus produces A-type inclusions in infected cells, as did cowpox, but had a lower ceiling temperature, was more heat resistant and affected rabbits differently. Cross neutralization tests on absorbed sera indicated that elephantpox, cowpox and vaccinia viruses shared one surface antigen, that elephantopox and vaccinia shared an antigen absent from cowpox, and that vaccinia virus had a surface antigen absent from elephantopox and cowpox viruses.
| 72,786
|
Recurrent Bell's palsy. Etiology, frequency, prognosis.
|
The etiology, frequency and prognosis of recurrent Bell's palsy were studied in patients with peripheral paresis of n.facialis of various etiology. Fourteen (11.9%) of 117 patients with Bell's palsy had a recurrent paresis of n.facialis. Nine of these were of homolateral and five contralateral type. Seven recurrent facial paralyses in idiopathic Bell's palsy (i.e. 10.4% of the patients with idiopathic facial palsy), 3 facial palsies of viral origin (i.e. 8.8% of the patients with viral facial palsy), one in association with diabetes mellitus, one during pregnancy, one combined with positive rheumatic serological tests, and one in a case of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome were found. The frequency and heterogenity of etiology of recurrent facial palsies suggest a predisposing factor or immune mechanisms. In eight patients there was within 6 to 8 weeks a good, in two patients a moderate and in four patients a poor recovery of function. The greater reduction of the compound action potential of the m.orbicularis oris in recurrent homolateral facial palsy in relation to patients with single manifestation point out the greater denervation and therefore the poorer prognosis of recurrent palsies. A prophylactic decompression to prevent a third attack of recurrent facial paresis is considered.
| 72,801
|
Cerebral coenurosis. Report of a case with arteritis.
|
A case of the unusual clinical condition of cerebral coenurosis, the unique parasitic disease that is localized only in the CNS, is reported. The patient had repeated attacks of transient hemiparesis due to intracranial arteritis which was demonstrated by several angiographic studies. The CSF showed a discreet lymphocytosis and increased immunoglobulins. This inflammatory reaction which preceeded the manifestations of the intracranial mass can be explained by the parasitic foreign bodies, the liberation of somatic and metabolic parasitic toxins and the immunological reaction of the organism. The arteritis of the basal intracranial vessels was probably secondary to the inflammatory reaction of the leptomeninges. In presence of the rare association of meningovascular disease and an expanding intracranial lesion a parasitic condition due to a larval stage of Cestodes (Hydatidosis, Cysticercosis, Coenurosis) should be always considered.
| 72,809
|
Influence of temperature on neuromuscular transmission in myasthenia gravis.
|
The effect of local cooling was studied in 28 patients with myastenia gravis. We stimulated the ulnar nerve with single stimuli and trains at 3/s for 2s and at 50/s for 1.5 s. The compound muscle action potential (MAP), the muscle twitch and the isometric tetanic force of the adductor pollicis were registered. 1. At 3/s stimulation the pathological decrement of the MAP decreased after slight cooling. 2. The amplitude of the single MAP was higher at lower temperature when compared to normal temperature. The same increase is however to be found in healthy subjects. 3. After slight cooling, the maximum tetanic force was higher. However, the decrement of the force was higher also, therefore ruling out a practicable application of cooling for the patient. 4. After severe cooling (18-22 degrees C) the tetanic force was much lower and in many cases a complete failure of the neuromuscular transmission occured.
| 72,810
|
The effect of hydrocortisone on the serum creatine kinase activity of muscles diseases.
|
Intravenous administration of a single dose of hydrocortisone to patients with the Duchenne type of progressive muscular dystrophy, carriers of Duchenne dystrophy gene caused a short-lasting rise of the serum creatine kinase activity. Administration of hydrocortisone also raised the serum CPK activity in some carriers with a primarly normal CPK level. This phenomenon was observed, though to a lower degree, in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. The serum CPK activity was sometimes increased after hydrocortisone administration in patients with polymyositis and Kugelberg-Welander spinal muscular atrophy. This phenomenon was never observed in the control group or in cases of myotonic dystrophy. The mechanism of this effect of hydrocortisone on the CPK level is still unknown.
| 72,811
|
A surface antigen associated with Hodgkin's disease: brief communication.
|
We used an indirect immunofluorescence technique to detect a surface antigen that may be associated with Hodgkin's disease (HD). A heteroantiserum raised in a rabbit given an injection of cells obtained from an HD lymph node (Stage I, classification of Lukes and Butler) allowed us to detect an antigen on the surfaces of HD-derived cells in 25 of 27 instances. Benign and malignant non-HD-type lesions (both lymph node and spleen) did not have this antigen. The nature of this antigen and the type of cells bearing it are unknown.
| 72,826
|
Treatment of female stress incontinence with midodrine: preliminary report.
|
For 10 days 21 female patients with clinical stages I to III stress incontinence and 4 continent control female patients were treated with the alpha-sympathomimetic midodrine. Urethrometry revealed that alpha-adrenergic stimulation resulted in an increase in the urethral occlusion pressure of up to 30 per cent and, cystometrically, to an increase in the detrusor pressure of up to 35 per cent without impairment of bladder capacity. In the stage I group 83 per cent and in the stage II group 63 per cent of the patients became continent. Midodrine, the advantage of which over comparable sympathomimetics, such as ephedrine, synephrine and norphenylephrine, lies in the absolutely sure and sustained action in oral use, is recommended as an alternative therapy to traditional surgical procedures in the treatment of stages I and II female stress incontinence.
| 72,832
|
Association between exaggerated responsiveness to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and hypercholesterolaemia.
|
Thyroid-function tests were performed on one hundred patients with suspected premyxoedema and the results compared with those in twenty age and sex matched controls. The increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone (T.S.H.) in response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (T.R.H.) was exaggerated in eighty-eight of the hundred patients with suspected premyxoedema. These included twenty-five with normal basal T.S.H. and sixty-three with a raised basal T.S.H. Serum-cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in those in whom premyxoedema was suspected than in the controls, even when patients presenting with degenerative arterial disease were excluded.
| 72,952
|
Antibiotic-induced colitis implication of a toxin neutralised by Clostridium sordellii antitoxin.
|
A toxin(s) has been demonstrated in the stools of two patients with antibiotic-associated colitis. This toxin(s) was heat-labile, was rapidly lethal for hamsters, increased vascular permeability in rabbit skin, and was cytotoxic for cells in tissue-culture. It was neutralised by Clostridium sordellii antitoxin but not by antitoxins prepared against other clostridia; Escherichia coli, and Vibrio cholerae toxins. These characteristics were identical to those of a toxin implicated in the aetiology of antibiotic-induced colitis in the hamster. One patient improved rapidly after treatment with oral vancomycin, and at the same time the toxin disappeared from the stool.
| 73,011
|
Clofibrate increases lipoprotein-lipase activity in adipose tissue of hypertriglyceridaemic patients.
|
Clearance of plasma-triglycerides and activity of lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue were studied in six hypertriglyceridaemic patients before and after a week of clofibrate therapy (2 g/day). Plasma-triglycerides decreased significantly from 6.85 +/- 1.1 to 2.66 +/- 0.29 mmol/l and triglyceride clearance increased significantly from 1.3 +/- 0.2 to 2.4 +/- 0.4%/min. There were concomitant significant increases in heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase (95 +/- 16 to 181 +/- 34 nmol free fatty acids/10(6) cells/h) and in extractable lipase (88 +/- 14 to 179 +/- 28 nmol free fatty acids/10(6) cells/h). It is concluded that an important effect of clofibrate may be to increase the levels of adipose-tissue lipoprotein lipase and thereby improve the clearance of plasma-triglycerides.
| 73,012
|
Ultraviolet-mediated antibiotic activity of species of Compositae caused by polyacetylenic compounds.
|
A survey of North, Central, and South American composites, and of certain polyacetylenic compounds occurring in them, confirmed that the ultraviolet-mediated antibiotic activity against Candida albicans can be ascribed to the presence of particular polyacetylenes and their thiophene derivatives. Leaves, stems, roots, and achenes were assayed separately. An attempt was made to relate the phototoxic activity of specific compounds to their chemical structures. Most composites tested were not phototoxic against Candida, but many were antibiotic. The antibiotic activity also appears to be caused by polyacetylenes. Of 65 sequiterpene lactones assayed, only a few were found to be antibiotic, and only one, glaucolide G, was phototoxic.
| 73,121
|
Biologic activities of poly (2-azaadenylic acid) and poly (2-azainosinic acid).
|
Poly (2-azaadenylic acid) [(aza2A)n] and poly(2-azainosinic acid [(aza2I)n], two newly synthesized analogues of (A)n and (I)n, in which CH-2 of the purine ring is replaced by a nitrogen atom, have been evaluated in various biological assay systems. (Aza2A) n formed a complex with (U)n and (br5U)n, and (aza2I)n formed a complex with (C)n and (br5C)n, but these complexes were markedly destabilized relative to the corresponding (A)n or (I)n complexes. The (aza2A)n-and (aza2I)n-derived complexes failed to stimulate the production of interferon in primary rabbit kidney cells and human diploid fibroblasts, under conditions (A)n. (U)n, (I)n. (C)n and (I)n. (br5C)n induced high amounts of interferon. both (aza2A)n and (aza2I)n exerted a marked inhibitory effect on the endogenous RNA directed DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) activity associated with murine leukemia virus. They caused a relatively mild inhibition of complement activity in an hemolytic assay system.
| 73,166
|
Antigen-specific purification of blocking factors from sera of mice with chemically induced tumors.
|
Serum from mice with growing tumors can prevent ("block") the destruction of tumor cells by immune lymphocytes, as measured in a microcytotoxicity assay. Factors responsible for this blocking activity were purified by binding to immune adsorbents that had been prepared from antibodies obtained by immunizing BALB/c mice to the homologous tumors. Two transplantable BALB/c sarcoma lines with individually different tumor-specific transplantation antigens were studied in parallel. The original tumor-specific blocking activity was recovered by elution of the immune adsorbents; that is, (i) eluates blocked the reduction of surviving tumor cell targets by immune lymphocytes only if the tumor specificity, and (ii) immune adsorbent columns prepared from tumor-immune sera recognized the purified blocking fractions in a tumor-specific fashion, indicating that a portion of the humoral response in the immune mice was directed against a factor that was individually distinct for each tumor. Absorption of eluates with the homologous tumor cells removed their blocking activity, indicating that the blocking factors have antigen-binding properties. Blocking activity in the purified fractions resided in molecules presumptively identified as glycoproteins by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose.
| 73,182
|
Analysis of single- and double-stranded nucleic acids on polyacrylamide and agarose gels by using glyoxal and acridine orange.
|
We have developed a simple and rapid system for the denaturation of nucleic acids and their subsequent analysis by gel electrophoresis. RNA and DNA are denatured in 1 M glyoxal (ethanedial) and 50% (vol/vol) dimethyl sulfoxide, at 50 degrees. The glyoxalated nucleic acids are then subjected to electrophoresis through either acrylamide or agarose gels in a 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer at pH 7.0. When glyoxalated DNA molecules of known molecular weights are used as standards, accurate molecular weights for RNA are obtained. Furthermore, we have employed the metachromatic stain acridine orange for visualization of nucleic acids in gels. This dye interacts differently with double- and single-stranded polynucleotides, fluorescing green and red, respectively. By using these techniques, native and denatured DNA and RNA molecules can be analyzed on the same slab gel.
| 73,185
|
Histochemistry of free and esterified cholesterol in human atherosclerotic arteries.
|
The described technique provides a sensitive, specific and accurate method for the nondestructive localization of cholesterol in tissues. The staining patterns observed closely correspond to those obtained with oil red O, but allow discrimination between sites where free and esterified cholesterol is present.
| 73,194
|
Hepatitis B "e" antigen: an apparent association with lactate dehydrogenase isozyme-5.
|
Serums containing the "e" antigen of hepatitis B virus were subjected to electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. An extra band appeared in the lactate dehydrogenase isozyme pattern, but this band was undetectable in serums containing antibodies to the e antigenic determinant. Prior separation of the lactate dehydrogenase isozyme-5 fraction by chromatography of serum on minicolumns of diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex-A50 improved electrophoretic identification of the extra band. Neutralization with antibodies to the e antigen as well as by antibodies to the homologous d or y component of the hepatitis B surface antigen removed the extra band; antibodies to the lactate dehydrogenase isozyme-5 removed both the normal and the extra enzymatic band of isozyme-5. This feature of the e antigen provides an assay system for laboratory diagnosis of potential clinical usefulness and suggests its possible role in pathogenesis of hepatocellular injury.
| 73,221
|
A new endoprosthesis for nonoperative intubation of the biliary tract in malignant obstructive jaundice.
|
A method for palliative treatment of obstructive jaundice due to malignant growths consists of an indwelling tube, endoprosthesis, inserted percutaneously transhepatically under local anesthesia. A permanent bile drainage was established in 12 patients with inoperable obstructions of the bile duct, and in seven, a temporary drainage was used.
| 73,227
|
[Evaluation of the results of treatment of Graves' disease by synthetic antithyroid drugs].
|
A study of 43 case records of Grave's disease followed up for at least two years after stopping treatment with synthetic antithyroid drugs, revealed 7 patients who did not relapse, 12 cases of rebound, (less than six months after stopping treatment), and 21 cases of recurrence (more than six months) of 10 cases (23%) had several recurrences. In relation to the 87 patients who formed this series, the cure rate after a single acute attack was only 50%. The good tolerance of antithyroid drugs, their almost complete efficacy, (2 failures out of 87 patients), indicate however that for a first attack they should be given for at least 18 months. Rebounds and recurrences suggest that radical treatment, mainly surgery, still have their place.
| 73,224
|
Improved staining boxes for fast, uniform staining of ultrathin sections on grids.
|
A standard LKB (LKB-Produkter Ab. S-161, 25 Brommma 1, Sweden) grid storage box is converted into several grid staining boxes by sawing the body of the box into segments along rows of its grid storage cavities. The staining boxes can be cut out to any required size or shape. The polymethyacrylate storage box cover is discarded. Covers for the staining boxes are cut from thin sheet vinyl, which is more chemically resistant than polymethyacrylate. Corresponding 2 mm diameter holes are drilled through the vinyl covers and the bottoms of the grid storage cavities of the staining boxes to convert the storage cavities into staining chambers. For staining, the covers are tied to the boxes with sewing thread and the assembled units are put into vials. The separate staining chambers prevent intermingling of and mechanical damage to grids during the staining procedure. Ultrathin sections are more cleanly and uniformly stained in bulk by the use of these staining boxes than they are when stained individually by a standard method.
| 73,234
|
An unusual case of benign mucous membrane pemphigoid.
|
This case of benign mucous membrane pemphigoid (BMMP) is unusual in that blistering, scarring lesions were confined to the skin for 15 years before mucous membranes were involved. The onset of this disorder at the age of 38 is also unusual. Detailed immunological investigation was performed on this patient but the results in no way clarify the present confusion regarding the immunopathological processes in BMMP related to those operative in bullous pemphigoid.
| 73,315
|
Reticular erythematous mucinosis syndrome: report of a case.
|
A 47-year-old man with erythematous, maculopapular rash on the chest and the back. Histology showed perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes, especially around hair follicles, and alcian green positive deposits in the dermis. Some improvement was achieved by treatment with 200 mg oxychloroquine sulphate (Plaquenil, Winthrop) twice daily.
| 73,318
|
Acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase staining of T lymphocytes in human skin.
|
T lymphocytes were stained in order to disclose alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity (ANAE staining) by adopting the method described by Mueller et al. In ANAE-staining of frozen sections from human lymph nodes, more than 90% of the lymphocytes in paracortical areas (T cell areas) were ANAE-positive, but in cortical follicles (B cell areas) less than 5% of the cells were positive. Lymphocytic infiltrations in various dermatoses (lichen ruber planus, psoriasis, SLE, atropic dermatitis, erythema multiforme, poikiloderma atrophicans vasculare, and Sézary syndrome) were investigated. A high percentage of ANAE-positive lymphoid cells (greater than 80%) was found in most cases. One patient with chron. lymphatic leukaemia, however, had a smaller proportion of ANAE-positive lymphocytic cells in an erythema multiforme skin infiltrate. ANAE staining seems to be an easy method for the identification of T lymphocytes in skin sections. The results of this investigation support the hypothesis that T lymphocytes have an affinity to skin.
| 73,323
|
[Detection of a new lipoprotein: Lp(a). Its occurrence in atherosclerosis with or without hyperlipemia].
|
Detected using a method involving gradient electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, the presence of a high level of an Lp(a) was demonstrated in 17% of control subjects and 39% oh hyperlipidaemic subjects explored. The difference appeared to be particularly significant in subjects with a pure hypercholesterolaemia (type IIA) or dominant hypercholesterolaemia (type IIB), which may be accounted for by the antigenic communities and related substances in the lipid composition uniting Lp(a) to LDL. The association of frank atherosclerosis with the hyperlipidaemia substantially increased the frequency of high levels of circulating Lp(a). A combined elevation of levels of Lp(a) and LDL would seem to be associated with a particular atherogenic power.
| 73,359
|
Fiber types and metabolic potentials of skeletal muscles in sedentary man and endurance runners.
|
This description of some of the present knowledge on skeletal muscle fibers, their metabolic potentials, and their interplay with the degree of physical activity has revealed that skeletal muscle of man has a very large capacity for adaptation. Moreover, this adaptability appears to be of utmost importance for the metabolic response as well as for performance. Although all this is true, it should not distract us from the fact that we are lacking the most important information. The questions that need to be answered are: What triggers the changes to take place? Which are the regulatory mechanisms?
| 73,362
|
The potential advantages and requirements of live attenuated influenza virus vaccines.
|
Live attenuated influenza A virus vaccines are potentially the most efficient and effective method of immunization against epidemic influenza, and offer the only feasible means of mass vaccination at a socially acceptable cost. The advantage of live virus vaccines are described and compared with killed virus vaccines in terms of immune responses, protection and commercial production. The most frequently considered methods of attenuation and their individual drawbacks are discussed with speculation on the future development and rationale of master vaccine strains. Recommended minimal requirements of master vaccine strains and candidate live vaccines are presented as a basis for their eventual evaluation by licensing authorities.
| 73,370
|
Heparin cofactor activity during and after extracorporeal circulation with bubble and membrane oxygenators.
|
Heparin cofactor activity as measured by an amidolytic method has been investigated in 48 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with extra-corporeal circulation (E.C.C.). Heparin cofactor activity is reduced soon after the start of E.C.C., due to hemodilution but it returns towards initial levels at the completion of the procedure and 3 hours later. Thus heparin cofactor does not seem to play a role in the heparin rebound phenomenon. In our patients bubble oxygenators did not modify heparin cofactor activity more than did membrane oxygenators.
| 73,390
|
Metastatic orchioblastoma: alpha1-fetoprotein in diagnosis and combination chemotherapy in treatment: a case report.
|
A case in which orchioblastoma metastasised to a lymph node at the left renal hilum is described. The metastasis was not detected by bipedal lymphography, but was associated with a rise in the serum level of the alpha1-fetoprotein. The metastasis responded to combination chemotherapy, including adriamycin, and residual tumour was excised at laparotomy. Tumour regression was associated with a fall in serum alpha1-fetoprotein which may be of value as a tumour marker substance in the diagnosis and monitoring of therapy in this tumour.
| 73,396
|
Serum dihydrotestosterone in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy.
|
Serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay in 24 normal men aged 60 to 80 years and in 25 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy in the same age range. There was a significant increase in the level of dihydrotestosterone in patients with prostatic hypertrophy but no significant difference was found between the testosterone levels of the 2 groups. The scatter of the individual values for DHT indicated that this measurement has little practical clinical application in the diagnosis of prostatic hypertrophy. It is suggested that the increase in DHT may be due, at least in part, to a prostatic contribution to the circulating level and the relevance of this observation in relation to the aetiology of benign prostatic hypertrophy is discussed.
| 73,397
|
Serum alphafetoprotein in cystic fibrosis of the pancreas.
|
Serum alphafetoprotein concentrations were measured by three different types of radioimmunoassay in 30 patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and in 55 controls. The highest value obtained in cystic patient was 10.2 ng/ml and in a control 10.8 ng/ml. These are within published normal limits. Previously reported large increases in serum AFP in patients with cystic fibrosis and in heterozygote carriers have not been confirmed.
| 73,432
|
Intra-vital staining as an aid to parotid gland surgery.
|
Successful parotid surgery depends on the careful identification and dissection of the facial nerve, and to prevent recurrence all tumours should be excised with a wide margin of normal tissue. These two requirements are facilitated by the technique of intra-vital staining of the parotid gland with 2.5% methylene blue solution.
| 73,435
|
Inhibition of antibody production in plasmacytoma cells by antigen.
|
Tissue culture-adapted MOPC 315 mouse plasmacytoma cells which secrete monoclonal anti-DNP IgA antibody, were cultured with a variety of DNP-carrier conjugates and the production of IgA measured by pulse labeling with [3H]leucine and by plaque-forming cell assays. DNP-coupled bovine, human and rabbit gamma-globulins (containing 9 to 12 DNP groups per 50 000 mol wt of carrier) inhibited the synthesis and secretion of IgA by 40 to 80%. This inhibition was specific, since unconjugated globulins were ineffective, non-IgA proteins and DNA synthesis remained unaffected, and DNP-globulins had no effect on X5563 cells which do not bind DNP. The degree of suppression of antibody production dependen on the concentration and epitone density of the antigen and on the duration of exposure of cells to it, and was no attributable to absorption of secreted antibody by cell-bound antigen. Comparably substituted DNP conjugates of F(ab')2 and intact globulins were equally inhibitory. The inhibition of antibody synthesis by DNP-BGG was reversible following removal of the antigen. This phenomenon is similar in many respects to the antigen-induced blockade of normal antibody-secreting cells, and provides a valuable model system for analyzing the mechanisms of antigen-mediated cellular inactivation.
| 73,462
|
Cell-mediated immunity in vasectomized rhesus monkeys.
|
Cell-mediated immunity in rhesus monkeys that had been vasectomized for 2, 4, 7, or 11 years was measured by lymphocyte blastogenesis following stimulation with concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and pokeweed mitogens. Several of the 7- and 11-year vasectomized animals had significantly reduced PHA reactivity when compared with control animals, and the percentage of animals with reduced PHA reactivity increased with time after vasectomy.
| 73,480
|
Immunohistochemistry of carcinoembryonic antigen: characterisation of cross-reactions with other glycoproteins.
|
In the course of demonstrating carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in normal human small intestine cross-reactivity of specific antiserum against red blood cells, vascular endothelium, and Paneth cell granules was noted. Pretreatment of sections with periodic acid eliminated these cross-reactions without affecting the staining of CEA, indicating that the antigenic determinants shared between CEA and other glycoproteins are in the carbohydrate portion of the molecules. These findings emphasise the caution with which immunohistochemical results should be regarded even when they are apparently well controlled.
| 73,495
|
Antigens in penicillin allergy. I. A radioimmunoassay for detection of penicilloylated protein contaminants in penicillin preparations.
|
This communication presents a sensitive and discriminative method for detection of protein impurities in penicillin preparations. Antibodies against various penicilloyl derivatives of high avidities and specificities raised in rabbits were coupled to microcrystalline cellulose. The amount of penicilloyl antigen present in a sample was calculated from the relative uptake of a radioiodinated penicilloylated albumin competing with the sample for binding to the antipenicilloyl immunosorbent. As little as 0.048 pmol/ml of penicilloylated human serum albumin could be detected. The accuracy of the determination was within +/- 23% (p less than 0.05). The pronounced specificities against the penicillin side chains demonstrated by the various immunosorbents were not displayed by the antibodies in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis experiments in guinea pigs. Furthermore, the immunosorbents showed the same pattern of specificity against monomeric penicillins as for penicilloylated proteins, but the former were considerably less efficiently recorded. The relatively small quantities of protein impurities in penicillin preparations, however, necessitated a separation from penicillin prior to analyses with the RIA. This was accomplished by fractionation on Sephadex G-50 fine, ginving a recovery of 80-90% of 0.1-2.5 ppm of penicilloylated protein.
| 73,504
|
Stimulation of heme accumulation and erythroid colony formation in cultures of chick bone marrow cells by chicken plasma.
|
A fibrin clot culture system with high plating efficiency is described for the growth of erythroid cells from chick bone marrow. Erythroid colonies grown in the absence of adult chicken plasma (spontaneous colonies) were either benzidine-negative or weakly benzidine-positive. Colonies grown in the presence of chicken plasma were 90% strongly benzidine-positive and 40% more abundant than spontaneous colonies. Plasma from anemic chickens was more effective than control plasma in inducing heme accumulation (heme-stimulating activity) and in increasing the number of erythroid colonies (colony-stimulating activity). Spontaneous colonies from 48-h cultures were transformed into benzidine-positive colonies by exposing them for 6-10 h to chicken plasma.
| 73,544
|
Clinical evaluation of commercial conjugates for direct immunofluorescence of herpes simplex virus.
|
Commercially prepared antibody conjugates that are now available allow extensive application of direct immunofluorescence for diagnosing herpetic infections. Five of these conjugates--Microbiological Associates bivalent herpes antiserum (MBA-bivalent), MBA anti-herpes types 1 (MBA-1) and 2 (MBA-2), and Flow Laboratories anti-herpes types 1 (Flow-1) and 2 (Flow-2)--were compared for antibody titer, diagnostic accuracy, and nonspecific background staining on known infected tissue. Four of these were tested simultaneously on 75 clinical specimens. No attempt was made to differentiate between herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 infections. All antisera were comparable in titer and exhibited fluorescence with both herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 antigens. The most significant difference was excessive nonspecific staining consistently seen with the MBA-2 conjugate. Overall, Flow-2 and MBA-bivalent antisera were preferable.
| 73,546
|
Human papovavirus in Papanicolaou smears of urinary sediment detected by transmission electron microscopy.
|
A technique is described whereby inclusion-bearing cells identified by light microscopy in stained smears of urinary sediment were reprocessed for examination in the electron microscope. The nuclei of the abnormal cells were found to contain numerous virus particles, 35 nm in diameter, which morphologically resembled papovaviruses. The technique was applied in this case to identify further the virus producing the cytopathic changes in the Papanicolaou smear. It could be particularly valuable for retrospective studies of mounted cytological or histological material when suitable specimens are no longer available for virological investigation.
| 73,550
|
Polymeric cryoprotectants in the preservation of biological ultrastructure. III. Morphological aspects.
|
Two high molecular weight polymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hydroxyethyl starch (HES), have been used as cryoprotectants for preparing specimens to be freeze fractured. Solutions of 25% (w/w) suppress the formation of intracellular ice in single cells and tissue blocks from both plants and animals to the extent that fine structural details of the cell can be elucidates. The mode of action of these cryoprotectants, together with the structures they reveal and the peculiar advantages attached to their use, is discussed.
| 73,593
|
A course in emergency care for first-year medical students.
|
A 52-hour course in emergency medicine for first-year medical students was developed from the Department of Transportation's (DOT) training program for emergency medical technicians (EMT). The objective of the course was to train students to provide life support and emergency care in the field at the level of competence of the EMT. Ninety-four percent of the first class met these standards on written examination. Problems in the course included over-simplified presentations by paraprofessional faculty and an overemphasis on inhospital management by physician faculty. The program is well received by students and allows for introduction of clinical material into the first-year curriculum. The DOT training program for the EMT provides a useful model that, with slight adaptation, is appropriate for the first-year medical student.
| 73,603
|
Reduced active thyroid hormone levels in acute illness.
|
In acute and subacute disease the active thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), are decreased while serum-thyroxine (T4) levels tend to be slightly reduced. Conversely, the inactive metabolite, reverse triiodothyronine (reverse T3), is increased indicating a diversion of T4 metabolism from an activating to an inactivating pathway. With convalescence the serum levels of T3, tetrac, and T4 recover while reverse T3 decreases to normal. These changes occur without significant alterations in serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, indicating maintenance of euthyroidism throughout disease.
| 73,636
|
A controlled study of therapeutic portacaval shunt in alcoholic cirrhosis.
|
A controlled study of therapeutic end-to-side portacaval shunt was carried out from 1968 to 1971 in 89 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding was less common and chronic hepatic encephalopathy was more common in patients with shunts than in patients without shunts. The survival-rate was lower, but not significantly, in patients with shunts. No overall benefit of the operation could be demonstrated in cirrhotic patients with the selection criteria and the type of surgical shunt used in this study.
| 73,637
|
Mitochondrial calcium overload: A general mechanism for cell-necrosis in muscle diseases.
|
It is suggested that the mechanism of muscle-cell necrosis in various muscle diseases is explained by an increased net influx of calcium into cells which triggers a "vicious cycle" of mitochondrial calcium overloading and energy depletion. If correct, this hypothesis may offer the basis of a more rational treatment of some muscle diseases even before their primary aetiology is known.
| 73,643
|
Changes of vasopressin in hypertension: Cause or effect?
|
Plasma concentrations of arginine-vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) have been measured in 40 patients with benign essential hypertension and 12 patients with malignant-phase hypertension. Values tended to be low in the benign phase and high in the malignant phase. 5 normal subjects were infused with synthetic arginine-vasopressin, producing plasma concentrations up to five times the highest value recorded in malignant-phase hypertension, without any effect on blood-pressure. There is no evidence that vasopressin has a direct role in the pathogenesis of benign essential hypertension or its transition to the malignant phase. On the contrary, abnormal vasopressin concentrations may be caused by hypertension.
| 73,691
|
A pseudohemipharetic form of Parkinson's disease.
|
Parkinson's disease can present as a progressive hemiparesis without tremor. The presence of mild cogwheel rigidity in a hemiparetic patient may suggest the diagnosis, as may the normal findings on brain scan and electroencephalogram in a patient with gradually evolving hemiparesis. The response to appropriate medication has been prompt and excellent. It is important that Parkinson's disease be considered in the differential diagnosis of a progressively evolving hemiparesis.
| 73,743
|
Cimetidine in the treatment of active duodenal and prepyloric ulcers.
|
44 patients with endoscopically confirmed duodenal (36) or prepyloric (8) ulcers have received in a double-blind trial either the histamine H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine (30 patients) or placebo (14 patients) for six weeks. At three weeks 67% of patients treated with cimetidine and 17% of those receiving placebo had endoscopically healed ulcers (chi2 = 8.49; P less than 0.005). At six weeks all except 3 patients receiving cimetidine (90%) had healed ulcers compared with 36% receiving placebo (chi2 = 11.11; P less than 0.001). Those receiving cimetidine had less daytime and nocturnal pain than patients on placebo. The differences were statistically significant for daytime pain during four of six weeks. The cimetidine-treated patients consumed significantly less antacids than placebo-treated patients and these patients' overall assessments of their wellbeing were significantly better. All patients on cimetidine had a significant reduction (P less than 0.0005) of their basal and pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion, but no reduction in acid secretion was measured in the group who received placebo.
| 73,792
|
Host resistance to lipopolysaccharides in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.
|
Host resistance against bacterial lipopolysaccharides (L.P.S.) and especially against its toxic part lipid A has earlier been demonstrated in biological assays. In this paper an aryl-esterase is shown to be associated with alfa-1-lipoprotein (ArE) and is probably responsible for the detoxification of L.P.S. in man. Furthermore C3 is shown to be activitated by L.P.S. From these facts it is suggested that ArE performs the initial degradation of L.P.S. followed by complement activation and trapping of the L.P.S.--complement complex in the reticuloendothelial system. It is postulated that a deficient host response against L.P.S. can be the triggering mechanism in multiple sclerosis due to the lack of ArE in myelin, and that an infectious-agent/L.P.S. syndrome can activate latent infections in connection with a severe hyperreactivity to L.P.S. Preliminary investigations in patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis have shown low levels of ArE in serum. This change, together with the low C3 values in these patients, may result in deficient L.P.S. detoxification and it is suggested that L.P.S. are at least partly responsible for the production of C3 nephritic factor.
| 73,807
|
Salivary phenytoin concentrations in epilepsy and in chronic renal failure.
|
Plasma total, plasma unbound (free, therapeutically active), and salivary phenytoin concentrations have been measured in seventeen epileptics and in seven patients with chronic renal failure on long-term phenytoin therapy. Patients with chronic renal failure had low plasma total, but disproportionately high plasma free, drug concentrations indicating impaired protein binding. Even so, their plasma free drug concentrations never fell within the predicted therapeutic range on conventional phenytoin dosage. Salivary drug concentrations correlated closely with plasma free drug concentrations. These observations suggest that phenytoin therapy could be more appropriately monitored by measurement of salivary, rather than plasma, drug concentrations. Avoidance of blood-sampling would be an added advantage, particularly in children and in uraemia. The present results suggest that the optimal therapeutic range of salivary phenytoin would be 4-10 mumol/1.
| 73,850
|
An automated test for the detection of significant bacteriuria.
|
A fully automated technique for the rapid detection of significant bacteriuria is described. The method, which depends on the detection of bacterial adenosine triphosphate (A.T.P.) by bioluminescence, was found to have better sensitivity than a conventional cultural technique which uses a standardised loop. Results were available in 30 minutes. In the 957 urine samples tested, specificity was 84.5% relative to a pour-plate technique; results were not affected by the presence of non-bacterial elements.
| 73,857
|
Bacterial overgrowth syndrome without "blind loop": A cause for malnutrition in the elderly.
|
Probable bacterial contamination of the small bowel without an anatomical sump occurred in 5 elderly patients (age 68--94). They presented with severe general deterioration in health rather than with obvious features of malabsorption. This syndrome has not been clearly described before. Bacterial deconjugation of bile salts was indentified by the 14C-glycocholic-acid breath test. Investigations for other causes of malabsorption, including small-bowel biopsy and pancreatic scan, revealed no abnormality. After prolonged ill-health despite an adequate diet in hospital, all 5 subjects made a striking recovery after treatment with antibiotics. This condition may be quite common, particularly in malnourished elderly people.
| 73,899
|
Metabolic immunodepression which increases the risk of cancer.
|
When some metabolic changes occur--namely, when blood levels of free fatty acids (F.F.A.), insulin, cholesterol, or triglycerides rise--cellular immunity becomes depressed. These metabolic changes also promote the division of somatic, non-lymphoid cells, which in turn increases the possibility of malignant transformation. The diametrically opposite effects of these metabolic changes on non-lymphoid cells, on the one hand, and on T-dependent lymphocytes and macrophages on the other, increase an individual's susceptibility to cancer. This normally occurs with pregnancy, rapid growth, stress, and ageing. Many chemical carcinogens raise the hypothalamic threshold to feedback control mechanisms, decrease glucose tolerance, and increase blood-insulin--i.e., all the main changes of "cancer-proneness". Changes in biogenic amine level in the hypothalamus during ageing and stress and after an exposure to some carcinogens are responsible for the elevation of hypothalamic threshold to feedback control.
| 73,905
|
Effect of coronary bypass surgery on longevity in high and low risk patients. Report from the V.A. Cooperative Coronary Surgery Study.
|
There is considerable uncertainty about the effects of bypass surgery on the longevity of patients with coronary-artery disease and angina. The Cleveland Clinic has reported improved survival after surgical treatment; the Duke University study indicated improvement in a high-risk subgroup only. The Veterans Administration (V.A.) randomised study initially reported improved survival only for patients with significant left main artery (L.M.) disease. Further analysis of the V.A. study shows that survival in the high-risk subgroup was 87% for the surgically treated patients and 74% for those treated medically--a highly significant difference after four years of follow-up. However, exclusion of the L.M. group reduced the difference to a non-significant one of 84% versus 79%. For patients not in the high-risk subgroup, survival at four years (with L.M. excluded) was 93% for those treated surgically and 96% for those treated medically. For all patients the rates were 85% and 86%, respectively. These findings indicate that in the evaluation of the effects of bypass surgery on longevity the characteristics of the coronary-artery disease are critical.
| 73,949
|
Inhibition of phagocytosis in vitro by obligate anaerobes.
|
A variety of species of obligate anaerobes have been shown to interfere with the phagocytosis and killing of Proteus mirabilis and other aerobic bacteria in vitro. Although all the obligate anaerobes examined showed this activity, the effect was greatest with strains of Bacteroides melaninogenicus and B. fragilis. In contrast, none of the 36 aerobes tested acted in this way. These observations suggest that the presence of obligate anaerobes may be fundamental to the pathogenesis of some types of infections.
| 73,952
|
Immune response in dog. 3. Antibody formation in dogs and rabbits to human serum proteins and keyhole limpet haemocyanin.
|
Antibody formation in dogs and rabbits to human serum proteins and keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) following primary, secondary and multiple stimulation was analysed. Primary injection of human serum stimulates the formation of precipitin antibodies to beta2 lipoprotein in dogs, beta2 lipoprotein and beta globulin in rabbits. After a secondary dose the rabbits formed precipitins to a whole range of human serum proteins, while the dogs to beta2 lipoprotein, albumin, beta globulin. When the primary dose of antigen was divided over a period of 8 weeks, the dog produced precipitins to beta2 lipoprotein while the rabbit to a wide range of serum proteins. Secondary stimulation of these animals did not increase the number of precipitins formed. Quantitative analysis of the antibody produced show that the best response was with beta2 lipoprotein followed by albumin and beta globulin. As the immunogenicity of the antigen was greater the differences between the two species were narrow. These differences were less pronounced following the primary injection than after the secondary and multiple stimulations. The primary response to KLH (which represents mainly IgM) is better in the dog than in the rabbit, while the secondary response (IgG) was better in the rabbit. The poorer IgG response in the dog compared to the rabbit, observed in all the experiments, is discussed.
| 74,005
|
[Palliative treatment of primary and metastatic tumors of the pancreas].
|
In primary carcinomas of the pancreas the palliative intervention shows worse results than the radical operation according to our experiences. Deviation is only justified with local irresectable tumours as a symptomatic procedure. In cases of metastatic tumours in the pancreas palliative resection may be the only way in order to eliminate complications (jaundice, pains, hemorrhage, tumour induced pancreatitis) caused by these growths. By means of six cases it is demonstrated that palliative surgery can be remarkably successful in cases of metastasis in the pancreas.
| 74,057
|
Studies on the neutralization of rabbit antibodies to human factor VIII.
|
The capacity of normal and haemophilic cryoprecipitates to neutralize the anticoagulant effect of rabbit antibodies to human factor VIII (anti-VIII) was assessed using a quantitative estimation of antibody. About 4 times as much anti-VIII could be neutralized by normal factor VIII as was required to neutralize clotting activity. This suggests that there are probably several antigenic sites intimately associated with factor VIII clotting activity, quite apart from any antigenic sites which may be detected using antibodies directed against other components of the factor VIII complex. The neutralizing capacity of factor VIII was only slightly greater for the rabbit antibodies employed in this study than has been previously reported for antibodies of human origin, thus indicating only minor differences in specificities. Additional evidence in support of this concept was the finding that cryoprecipitates prepared from haemophilic plasmas previously recognized as either lacking or possessing the capacity to neutralize antibodies of human origin neutralized least or most quantities of rabbit antibodies, respectively.
| 74,103
|
Primary liver cell carcinoma (PLCC) in the Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria.
|
There is a high prevalence of primary liver cell carcinoma in the Guinea Savanna country of Nigeria, one of the highest frequencies in the world. The highest frequency of the tumour was among males aged 20 to 49 years. The clinical and laboratory findings are similar to those found in other series in Africa. Alpha1-foeto-protein occurred in 85% of cases while HBsAg was noted in 49% of cases.
| 74,110
|
[Further study of spontaneous virus production using transplantable HEp-2 cells as a model].
|
Two maxima of optic density were observed at zones of gravity 1.27 g/ml and 1.15-1.16 g/ml by sedimentation equilibrium in sucrose gradient of cultural fluid, obtained from the transplantable cells of the HEP-2 strain and concentrated by ultracentrifugation. These fractions thus isolated were tested for presence of RNA- and DNA-dependent DNA-polymerase. The structures with the density of 1.15-1.16 g/ml were identified with the oncornaviruses on the basis of characteristics flotating density, presence of RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase. Analyses of products of RNA- and DNA-dependent polymerases reaction, flotating density of oncornaviral nucleotides in sucrose and CsCl gradients are presented. The optimal conditions for reverse-transcriptase reaction of virions of D type viruses are characterized.
| 74,126
|
Studies on carrier protein in contact dermatitis: macrophage migration inhibition by soluble epidermal substances as carrier proteins.
|
The migration of peritoneal exudate cells from picrylchloride-sensitive guinea pigs can be inhibited by the water-soluble proteins present in the picrylchloride-treated guinea pig epidermis. Further examination of these proteins revealed that antigens were present in fractions with the molecular weights ranging between 10 000 and 200 000.
| 74,164
|
Lichen planus: an ultrastructural study.
|
Ultrastructural features of skin lesions are described in 11 patients with lichen planus. Keratinocytes and melanocytes in the basal layer show loss of nuclear membrane, disappearance of nucleoli, homogenization of nuclear material, and aggregation of tonofilaments around the nucleus to resemble cells in the late prophase of the mitotic cycle except that there is no clumping of chromosomes. These cells undergo fibrillar transformation to form densely packed fibrillar bodies (colloid bodies) which are the size and shape of normal cells and frequently have cytoplasmic organelles. Ten per cent of the mainly lympho-histiocytic cells in the dermal infiltrate show changes such as multiple cell membrane discontinuities, disintegration of cytoplasm, and breaks in the nuclear membrane with spilling of nuclear substance either into the cytoplasm or the extracellular space. The shape, size and occasional fibrillar changes in the nuclei and cytoplasm of these cells resemble colloid bodies. Contact sites frequently occurred between cells in the dermal infiltrate, especially between lymphocytes and macrophages. It appears that primary injury to the basal layer cells occurs during the early phase of the mitotic cycle and antigen from this primary site may evoke a cell-mediated type of hypersensitivity reaction. Colloid bodies evolve from cells which have injured nuclei and undergo fibrillar transformation. Dermal as well as epidermal cells may contribute to colloid body formation.
| 74,169
|
A haemorrhagic bullous eruption of the hands caused by phenylbutazone: a report of 3 cases.
|
Three patients developed a haemorrhagic eruption on the hands after taking phenylbutazone. The reaction appeared within two weeks of taking the drug and is probably an allergic capillaritis. All patients showed generalised capillary fragility with a positive Hess test which became negative within a week of stopping the drug. A mechanism is suggested for the development and distribution of the blisters.
| 74,176
|
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