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in recent years, several students of jean - paul benzecri have refined mca and incorporated it into a more general framework of data analysis known as geometric data analysis. this involves the development of direct connections between simple correspondence analysis, principal component analysis and mca with a form of ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
if an industry uses little of a factor of production, a small increase in the output of that industry will not bid the price of that factor up. to a first - order approximation, firms in the industry will experience constant costs, and the industry supply curves will not slope up. if an industry uses an appreciable amo...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
the sql standard defines the following properties : language - defines the programming language in which the user - defined function is implemented ; examples include sql, c, c # and java. parameter style - defines the conventions that are used to pass the function parameters and results between the implementation of t...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
links not in the mcf are paid nothing. this routing problem is one of the cases for which vcg is strategyproof and minimum. in 2004, it was shown that the expected vcg overpayment of an erdos – renyi random graph with n nodes and edge probability p, g ∈ g ( n, p ) { \ displaystyle \ scriptstyle g \ in g ( n, p ) } appr...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in order to effectively aid marketers in fully understanding customers and subsequently developing a strategic marketing plan, marketing automation platforms ( maps ) are designed to perform eight key tasks : development and analysis of marketing campaigns and customers management of marketing campaigns appropriate cus...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics, mathematical optimization ( or optimization or mathematical programming ) refers to the selection of a best element from some set of available alternatives. in the simplest case, an optimization problem involves maximizing or minimizing a real function by selecting input values of the function and compu...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
the negation of an event in probability theory : pr ( a β€² ) = 1 βˆ’ pr ( a ) ( other notation also exists ). the result of a transformation : tx = x β€² the transpose of a matrix ( other notation also exists ) the dual of a vector spacethe prime is said to " decorate " the letter to which it applies.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in physics, the impact parameter b is defined as the perpendicular distance between the path of a projectile and the center of a potential field u ( r ) created by an object that the projectile is approaching ( see diagram ). it is often referred to in nuclear physics ( see rutherford scattering ) and in classical mech...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics and abstract algebra, a boolean domain is a set consisting of exactly two elements whose interpretations include false and true. in logic, mathematics and theoretical computer science, a boolean domain is usually written as { 0, 1 }, or b. { \ displaystyle \ mathbb { b }. } the algebraic structure that n...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
" the text also states that, "... over most of the area affected by the emp the electric field strength on the ground would exceed 0. 5emax. for yields of less than a few hundred kilotons, this would not necessarily be true because the field strength at the earth's tangent could be substantially less than 0. 5emax.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
supposing that the kempe chain is connecting the green and yellow neighbors, red and blue must then necessarily not have a kempe chain between them. so, when placing the original vertex v back into the graph, we can simply reverse the colors of the red vertex and its neighbors ( including the red vertex, making it blue...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
such a formula can be made either true or false based on the values assigned to its propositional variables. the double turnstile notation s { \ displaystyle \ vdash s } is used to indicate that s is a tautology. tautology is sometimes symbolized by " vpq ", and contradiction by " opq ".
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics, ingleton's inequality is an inequality that is satisfied by the rank function of any representable matroid. in this sense it is a necessary condition for representability of a matroid over a finite field. let m be a matroid and let ρ be its rank function, ingleton's inequality states that for any subset...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in some states, grand theft of a vehicle may be charged as " grand theft auto " ( see motor vehicle theft for more information ). repeat offenders who continue to steal may become subject to life imprisonment in certain states. sometimes the federal anti - theft - of - government - property law 18 u. s. c. Β§ 640 is use...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
areas most at risk for flooding could be put to valuable uses that could be abandoned temporarily as people retreat to safer areas when a flood is imminent. planning for flood safety involves many aspects of analysis and engineering, including : observation of previous and present flood heights and inundated areas, sta...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in simple type theory objects are elements of various disjoint " types ". types are implicitly built up as follows. if Ο„1,..., Ο„m are types then there is a type ( Ο„1,..., Ο„m ) that can be thought of as the class of propositional functions of Ο„1,..., Ο„m ( which in set theory is essentially the set of subsets of Ο„1Γ—... Γ—...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
if it is consistent with either state, bob announces that the bit is invalid, since he cannot distinguish which state was transmitted based on the measurement. if on the other hand, one of the two candidate states was inconsistent with the observed measurement, bob announces that the bit is valid since he can deduce th...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in probability theory and statistics, the log - laplace distribution is the probability distribution of a random variable whose logarithm has a laplace distribution. if x has a laplace distribution with parameters ΞΌ and b, then y = ex has a log - laplace distribution. the distributional properties can be derived from t...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
the linear form ⟨ | { \ displaystyle \ langle \ phi | } is a covector to | ⟩ { \ displaystyle | \ phi \ rangle }, and the set of all covectors form a subspace of the dual vector space v ∨ { \ displaystyle v ^ { \ vee } }, to the initial vector space v { \ displaystyle v }. the purpose of this linear form ⟨ | { \ displa...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
since you and your opponent are each infinitely wealthy, there is no limit to how long the game can last. this means the sample space Ο‰ must consist of all possible infinite sequences of h { \ displaystyle h } or t : { \ displaystyle t : } however, after n { \ displaystyle n } flips of the coin, you may want to determi...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
now we are taking balls randomly in such a way that the probability of taking a particular ball is proportional to its weight, but independent of what happens to the other balls. the number of balls taken of a particular color follows the binomial distribution. if the total number n of balls taken is known then the con...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in some types of computer video displays, the related technique of double buffering may be used to improve video performance. in this case, while the processor is updating the contents of one set of physical memory locations, the video generation hardware is accessing and displaying the contents of a second set. when t...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
this always includes the content of general - purpose cpu registers, the cpu process status word, stack and frame pointers, etc. during context switch, the running process is stopped and another process runs. the kernel must stop the execution of the running process, copy out the values in hardware registers to its pcb...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics, in particular number theory, an odd composite number n is a somer – lucas d - pseudoprime ( with given d β‰₯ 1 ) if there exists a nondegenerate lucas sequence u ( p, q ) { \ displaystyle u ( p, q ) } with the discriminant d = p 2 βˆ’ 4 q, { \ displaystyle d = p ^ { 2 } - 4q, } such that gcd ( n, d ) = 1 { ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
however, there are many different writings on mathematics and mathematics methodology that date back to 1800 bce. these were mostly located in mesopotamia, where the sumerians were practicing multiplication and division. there are also artifacts demonstrating their methodology for solving equations like the quadratic e...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
sql query is tightly coupled and rigidly constrained by datatype within the specific database and can join tables and extract data from tables, and the result is generally a table, and a query can join tables by any columns which match by datatype. sparql query is the standard query language and protocol for linked ope...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
( tcp's sister protocol, udp, does not do this. udp simply sends data packets over the network in a best effort manner and assumes the packets are well - received. ) an early problem noted with tcp's ack mechanism was it did not work well in large multicast group communications.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
the first of these is that the context changes functional interpretations of the same behaviors, such as the way β€œ wright, right, right, rite, and write ” are interpreted based on the context of the sentence. β€œ right ” can be interpreted as a direction or as something good depending on the context. a second line of evi...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in the japanese kantenji braille, the standard 8 - dot braille patterns 258, 1258, 2458, and 12458 are the patterns related to braille pattern dots - 146, since the two additional dots of kantenji patterns 0146, 1467, and 01467 are placed above the base 6 - dot cell, instead of below, as in standard 8 - dot braille.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics, the quasi - commutative property is an extension or generalization of the general commutative property. this property is used in specific applications with various definitions.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
the main reason for the design of this format is that it fits the maximum amount of data on a standard 80 - character - wide screen or printer, while still being very easy to read and skim visually. here the leftmost column represents the address at which the bytes represented by the following columns are located. cp /...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in programming languages that support recursive data types, it is possible to type the y combinator by appropriately accounting for the recursion at the type level. the need to self - apply the variable x can be managed using a type ( rec a ), which is defined so as to be isomorphic to ( rec a - > a ). for example, in ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in the philippines, the data privacy act of 2012 mandated the creation of the national privacy commission that would monitor and maintain policies that involve information privacy and personal data protection in the country. modeled after the eu data protection directive and the asia - pacific economic cooperation ( ap...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics, a supercommutative ( associative ) algebra is a superalgebra ( i. e. a z2 - graded algebra ) such that for any two homogeneous elements x, y we have y x = ( βˆ’ 1 ) | x | | y | x y, { \ displaystyle yx = ( - 1 ) ^ { | x | | y | } xy, } where | x | denotes the grade of the element and is 0 or 1 ( in z2 ) a...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics, a permutation of a set is, loosely speaking, an arrangement of its members into a sequence or linear order, or if the set is already ordered, a rearrangement of its elements. the word " permutation " also refers to the act or process of changing the linear order of an ordered set. permutations differ fr...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
this is possible because the logarithm of a product is the sum of the logarithms of the factors : provided that b, x and y are all positive and b = 1. the slide rule, also based on logarithms, allows quick calculations without tables, but at lower precision. the present - day notion of logarithms comes from leonhard eu...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in usaid, the use of a program cycle, " codified in the automated directive systems ( ads ) 201, is usaid's operational model for planning, delivering, assessing, and adapting development programming in a given region or country to achieve more effective and sustainable results in order to advance u. s. foreign policy ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
as properties of permutations do not depend on the nature of the set elements, it is often the permutations of the set { 1, 2, …, n } { \ displaystyle \ { 1, 2, \ ldots, n \ } } that are considered for studying permutations. in elementary combinatorics, the k - permutations, or partial permutations, are the ordered arr...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in meteorology a ridge or barometric ridge is an elongated area of relatively high atmospheric pressure compared to the surrounding environment, without being a closed circulation. it is associated with an area of maximum anticyclonic curvature of wind flow. the ridge originates in the center of an anticyclone and sand...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
for example, in the multiset { a, a, b, b, b, c } the multiplicities of the members a, b, and c are respectively 2, 3, and 1, and therefore the cardinality of this multiset is 6. nicolaas govert de bruijn coined the word multiset in the 1970s, according to donald knuth. : 694 however, the concept of multisets predates ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in the svp, a basis of a vector space v and a norm n ( often l2 ) are given for a lattice l and one must find the shortest non - zero vector in v, as measured by n, in l. in other words, the algorithm should output a non - zero vector v such that β€– v β€– n = Ξ» ( l ) { \ displaystyle \ | v \ | _ { n } = \ lambda ( l ) }. ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
error correction does not seem to have a direct influence on learning a second language. instruction may affect the rate of learning, but the stages remain the same.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in probability theory, the conditional expectation, conditional expected value, or conditional mean of a random variable is its expected value – the value it would take " on average " over an arbitrarily large number of occurrences – given that a certain set of " conditions " is known to occur. if the random variable c...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics, knuth's up - arrow notation is a method of notation for very large integers, introduced by donald knuth in 1976. in his 1947 paper, r. l. goodstein introduced the specific sequence of operations that are now called hyperoperations. goodstein also suggested the greek names tetration, pentation, etc., for...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
this is a pbe - it is a best - response for both sender and receiver. the sender's strategy is : never give. suppose the receiver's beliefs when receiving a gift is that the sender is a friend with probability q { \ displaystyle q }, where q { \ displaystyle q } is any number in { \ displaystyle }.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
the number of correct digits roughly doubles with each step. this algorithm is first in the class of householder's methods, succeeded by halley's method. the method can also be extended to complex functions and to systems of equations.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in one special case two covariates, say j and k, are identical for each observation, so that x ( j ) = x ( k ) { \ displaystyle x _ { ( j ) } = x _ { ( k ) } }, where x ( j ), i = x ( k ), i { \ displaystyle x _ { ( j ), i } = x _ { ( k ), i } }. then the values of Ξ² j { \ displaystyle \ beta _ { j } } and Ξ² k { \ disp...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
whatever we may say something'is'obviously is not the'something'on the silent levels. " by making it a'mental'habit to find and keep one's bearings among the ordered stages, general semantics training seeks to sharpen internal orientation much as a gps device may sharpen external orientation. once trained, general sema...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
given a data array x, the basic backus - gilbert inverse is : h ΞΈ = c βˆ’ 1 g ΞΈ g ΞΈ t c βˆ’ 1 g ΞΈ { \ displaystyle \ mathbf { h } _ { \ theta } = { \ frac { \ mathbf { c } ^ { - 1 } \ mathbf { g } _ { \ theta } } { \ mathbf { g } _ { \ theta } ^ { t } \ mathbf { c } ^ { - 1 } \ mathbf { g } _ { \ theta } } } } where c is t...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in some countries such as germany, the above multiplication is depicted similarly but with the original product kept horizontal and computation starting with the first digit of the multiplier : 23958233 Β· 5830 β€” β€” β€” β€” β€” β€” β€” β€” β€” β€” β€” β€” β€” β€” β€” 119791165 191665864 71874699 00000000 β€” β€” β€” β€” β€” β€” β€” β€” β€” β€” β€” β€” β€” β€” β€” 139676498390...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
{ \ cdot } \, } _ { i \ in i } a _ { i } } ). a standard way for building the disjoint union is to define a { \ displaystyle a } as the set of ordered pairs ( x, i ) { \ displaystyle ( x, i ) } such that x ∈ a i, { \ displaystyle x \ in a _ { i }, } and the injection a i β†’ a { \ displaystyle a _ { i } \ to a } as x ↦ (...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in statistics, the binomial test is an exact test of the statistical significance of deviations from a theoretically expected distribution of observations into two categories using sample data.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
we can show that c = 2 0 { \ displaystyle { \ mathfrak { c } } = 2 ^ { \ aleph _ { 0 } } }, this also being the cardinality of the set of all subsets of the natural numbers. the continuum hypothesis says that 1 = 2 0 { \ displaystyle \ aleph _ { 1 } = 2 ^ { \ aleph _ { 0 } } }, i. e. 2 0 { \ displaystyle 2 ^ { \ aleph ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
for instance, the set of all integers ( including negative numbers ) can be brought into bijection with the set of natural numbers, and even seemingly much larger sets like that of all finite sequences of rational numbers are still ( only ) countably infinite. nevertheless, there are sets, such as the set of real numbe...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in logic, a formula is satisfiable if it is true under at least one interpretation, and thus a tautology is a formula whose negation is unsatisfiable. in other words, it cannot be false. it cannot be untrue.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
a line l in a projective plane Ο€ is a translation line if the group of all elations with axis l acts transitively on the points of the affine plane obtained by removing l from the plane Ο€, Ο€l ( the affine derivative of Ο€ ). a projective plane with a translation line is called a translation plane. the affine plane obtai...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
the lrn removes the need for the public telephone number to identify the local exchange carrier. if a subscriber changes to another telephone service provider, the current telephone number can be retained, and only the lrn needs to be changed. in addition to supporting service provider telephone number portability, an ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in order to define a custom structure type using oracle database one could use statements such as these : such structure type can be then used to create a table that would also hold all columns defined in person _ type : custom structure types support inheritance, which means that one can create another type that inher...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in the 19th century, sir william thomson made a hypothesis that the chemical elements were based upon knotted vortices in the aether. in an attempt to make a periodic table of the elements, p. g. tait, c. n. little and others started to attempt to count all possible knots. because their work predated the invention of t...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
voip systems are based on internet standards and technology which have not previously attempted to satisfy such complex and demanding requirements as those that specify call control. an alternative name often used is call processing. in a voip network, call control is one of three major categories of communications tra...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
these critics suggest that direct parameters would be better placed on the operational uses of data in general. opponents of regulatory reform say this would, perhaps unintentionally, drastically inhibit businesses ability to utilize the data for positive measures. furthermore, because singular data points may be used ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in pseudocode the algorithm can be stated as : begin 1 ) objective function : f ( x ), x = ( x 1, x 2,...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
an example is the assignment of the code eur to the euro. iso 4217 amendment 94, which created this code, states " the code element'eu'has been reserved by the iso 3166 maintenance agency for use within iso 4217 where'r'has been appended to make an acceptable mnemonic code. " here the r comes from the third letter in t...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
the conjugate gradient method can also be used to solve unconstrained optimization problems such as energy minimization. it is commonly attributed to magnus hestenes and eduard stiefel, who programmed it on the z4, and extensively researched it. the biconjugate gradient method provides a generalization to non - symmetr...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
when an item in the left column is related to an item across the top, a mark is placed in the intersecting cell. the number of relationships are added up for each row and each column.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
thus, metaheuristics usually allow to meet the resolution delays imposed in the industrial field as well as they allow to study general problem classes instead that particular problem instances. in general, many of the best performing techniques in precision and effort to solve complex and real - world problems are met...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in probability theory and machine learning, the multi - armed bandit problem ( sometimes called the k - or n - armed bandit problem ) is a problem in which a fixed limited set of resources must be allocated between competing ( alternative ) choices in a way that maximizes their expected gain, when each choice's propert...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in test - driven development ( tdd ), which is frequently used in both extreme programming and scrum, unit tests are created before the code itself is written. when the tests pass, that code is considered complete. the same unit tests are run against that function frequently as the larger code base is developed either ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in the 1970s, there was a two - player game made by tri - ang toys & games called check lines, in which the board consisted of eleven holes arranged in a geometrical pattern of twelve straight lines each containing three of the holes. each player had exactly five tokens and played in turn placing one token in any of th...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in optimal control theory, the evolution of n state variables through time depends at any time on their own values and on the values of k control variables. with linear evolution, matrices of coefficients appear in the state equation ( equation of evolution ). in some problems the values of the parameters in these matr...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
the position of an element in a sequence is its rank or index ; it is the natural number for which the element is the image. the first element has index 0 or 1, depending on the context or a specific convention. in mathematical analysis, a sequence is often denoted by letters in the form of a n { \ displaystyle a _ { n...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in most languages that provide this feature, a procedural parameter f of a subroutine p can be called inside the body of p as if it were an ordinary procedure : procedure p ( f ) : return f ( 6, 3 ) * f ( 2, 1 ) when calling the subroutine p, one must give it one argument, that must be some previously defined function ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in number theory, a branch of mathematics, a mirimanoff's congruence is one of a collection of expressions in modular arithmetic which, if they hold, entail the truth of fermat's last theorem. since the theorem has now been proven, these are now of mainly historical significance, though the mirimanoff polynomials are i...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics, an identity element or neutral element of a binary operation is an element that leaves unchanged every element when the operation is applied. for example, 0 is an identity element of the addition of real numbers. this concept is used in algebraic structures such as groups and rings. the term identity el...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in probability theory and statistics, the hermite distribution, named after charles hermite, is a discrete probability distribution used to model count data with more than one parameter. this distribution is flexible in terms of its ability to allow a moderate over - dispersion in the data. the authors kemp and kemp ha...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
the typical metric used in this case the lee distance. there exist a gray isometry between z 2 2 m { \ displaystyle \ mathbb { z } _ { 2 } ^ { 2m } } ( i. e. gf ( 22m ) ) with the hamming distance and z 4 m { \ displaystyle \ mathbb { z } _ { 4 } ^ { m } } ( also denoted as gr ( 4, m ) ) with the lee distance. = = refe...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematical logic, proof compression by splitting is an algorithm that operates as a post - process on resolution proofs. it was proposed by scott cotton in his paper " two techniques for minimizing resolution proof ". the splitting algorithm is based on the following observation : given a proof of unsatisfiability...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in political science, the policy cycle is a tool used for analyzing the development of a policy. it can also be referred to as a " stages model " or " stages heuristic ". it is thus a rule of thumb rather than the actual reality of how policy is created, but has been influential in how political scientists looked at po...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
this is primarily because adding another opteron processor increases memory bandwidth, while that is not always the case for xeon systems, and the fact that the opterons use a switched fabric, rather than a shared bus. in particular, the opteron's integrated memory controller allows the cpu to access local ram very qui...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
then, they consider the above lp with one additional constraint : the additional constraint guarantees that the " vacant space " in the bins can be filled by the small items. the dual of this lp is more complex and cannot be solved by a simple knapsack - problem separation oracle. csirik, johnson and kenyon present a d...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics, especially group theory, the centralizer ( also called commutant ) of a subset s in a group g is the set c g ( s ) { \ displaystyle \ operatorname { c } _ { g } ( s ) } of elements of g that commute with every element of s, or equivalently, such that conjugation by g { \ displaystyle g } leaves each ele...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics, the mertens conjecture is the statement that the mertens function m ( n ) { \ displaystyle m ( n ) } is bounded by Β± n { \ displaystyle \ pm { \ sqrt { n } } }. although now disproven, it had been shown to imply the riemann hypothesis. it was conjectured by thomas joannes stieltjes, in an 1885 letter to...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
relation algebra to specify information systems.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in the japanese kantenji braille, the standard 8 - dot braille patterns 58, 158, 458, and 1458 are the patterns related to braille pattern dots - 46, since the two additional dots of kantenji patterns 046, 467, and 0467 are placed above the base 6 - dot cell, instead of below, as in standard 8 - dot braille.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
let β„“ { \ displaystyle \ ell } be the single literal of the unit clause of Ξ· β€² { \ displaystyle \ eta ^ { \ prime } }. then any occurrence of β„“ { \ displaystyle { \ overline { \ ell } } } in the subproof above Ξ· { \ displaystyle \ eta } will not be cancelled by resolution inferences with Ξ· β€² { \ displaystyle \ eta ^ { ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in some texts, especially in random matrix theory, authors have found it more convenient to use a matrix argument in the jack function. the connection is simple. if x { \ displaystyle x } is a matrix with eigenvalues x 1, x 2, …, x m { \ displaystyle x _ { 1 }, x _ { 2 }, \ ldots, x _ { m } }, then j ΞΊ ( Ξ± ) ( x ) = j ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in some cases, fpus may be specialized, and divided between simpler floating - point operations ( mainly addition and multiplication ) and more complicated operations, like division. in some cases, only the simple operations may be implemented in hardware or microcode, while the more complex operations are implemented ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in some older virtual memory operating systems, space in swap backing store is reserved when programs allocate memory for runtime data. operating system vendors typically issue guidelines about how much swap space should be allocated.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in most legal proceedings, one party has a burden of proof, which requires it to present prima facie evidence for all of the essential facts in its case. if it cannot, its claim may be dismissed without any need for a response by other parties. a prima facie case might not stand or fall on its own ; if an opposing part...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
and by stanley p. frankel in 1950 for the purpose of automatically solving linear systems on digital computers. over - relaxation methods had been used before the work of young and frankel. an example is the method of lewis fry richardson, and the methods developed by r. v. southwell. however, these methods were design...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics, in the field of algebraic number theory, a modulus ( plural moduli ) ( or cycle, or extended ideal ) is a formal product of places of a global field ( i. e. an algebraic number field or a global function field ). it is used to encode ramification data for abelian extensions of a global field.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in the 1993 book " information coordination : the management of information models, systems, and organizations " veryard gives a snapshot of the state of the art around these subjects. " maximizing the value of corporate data depends upon being able to manage information models both within and between businesses. a cen...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
only call packets from or destined to a phone serviced by the concentrator actually are processed by the concentrator β€” nonlocal phones'time slots just pass through the concentrator unchanged. if the concentrator malfunctions, a fail - safe relay connects the " in " wires to the " out " wires, and nonlocal phones detec...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
considering even the simple case of exponentiation as a primitive recursive function, and that the composition of primitive recursive functions is primitive recursive, one can begin to see how quickly a primitive recursive function can grow. and any function that can be computed by a turing machine in a running time bo...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
abstract datatypes are structures of concrete datatypes, with a new name assigned. for example, a list of integers could be called integer _ list. in object - oriented jargon, abstract datatypes are called classes.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
even if they are uncorrelated, we cannot tell which factor corresponds to verbal intelligence and which corresponds to mathematical intelligence without an outside argument. the values of the loadings l { \ displaystyle l }, the averages ΞΌ { \ displaystyle \ mu }, and the variances of the " errors " Ξ΅ { \ displaystyle ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
the equivalence class of a set a under this relation, then, consists of all those sets which have the same cardinality as a. there are two ways to define the " cardinality of a set " : the cardinality of a set a is defined as its equivalence class under equinumerosity. a representative set is designated for each equiva...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics, a minimum bottleneck spanning tree ( mbst ) in an undirected graph is a spanning tree in which the most expensive edge is as cheap as possible. a bottleneck edge is the highest weighted edge in a spanning tree. a spanning tree is a minimum bottleneck spanning tree if the graph does not contain a spannin...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in telephony, a service switching point ( ssp ) is the telephone exchange that initially responds, when a telephone caller dials a number, by sending a query to a central database called a service control point ( scp ) so that the call can be handled. the service switching point uses the signalling system no. 7 ( ss7 )...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics and statistics, the arithmetic mean ( arr - ith - met - ik ), arithmetic average, or just the mean or average ( when the context is clear ) is the sum of a collection of numbers divided by the count of numbers in the collection. the collection is often a set of results from an experiment, an observationa...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus