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In project management, risk assessment is an integral part of the risk management plan, studying the probability, the impact, and the effect of every known risk on the project, as well as the corrective action to take should an incident be implied by a risk occur. Of special consideration in this area are the relevant codes of practice that are enforced in the specific jurisdiction. Understanding the regime of regulations that risk management must abide by is integral to formulating safe and compliant risk assessment practices.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In mathematics, the result of the modulo operation is an equivalence class, and any member of the class may be chosen as representative; however, the usual representative is the least positive residue, the smallest non-negative integer that belongs to that class (i.e., the remainder of the Euclidean division). However, other conventions are possible. Computers and calculators have various ways of storing and representing numbers; thus their definition of the modulo operation depends on the programming language or the underlying hardware. In nearly all computing systems, the quotient q and the remainder r of a divided by n satisfy the following conditions: This still leaves a sign ambiguity if the remainder is non-zero: two possible choices for the remainder occur, one negative and the other positive, and two possible choices for the quotient occur.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In the context of fast Fourier transform algorithms, a butterfly is a portion of the computation that combines the results of smaller discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs) into a larger DFT, or vice versa (breaking a larger DFT up into subtransforms). The name "butterfly" comes from the shape of the data-flow diagram in the radix-2 case, as described below. The same structure can also be found in the Viterbi algorithm, used for finding the most likely sequence of hidden states. The butterfly diagram show a data-flow diagram connecting the inputs x (left) to the outputs y that depend on them (right) for a "butterfly" step of a radix-2 Cooley–Tukey FFT algorithm. This diagram resembles a butterfly as in the Morpho butterfly shown for comparison, hence the name.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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If the univariate polynomial Ψ ℓ ( X , j ( E ) ) {\displaystyle \Psi _{\ell }(X,j(E))} has a root in F q {\displaystyle \mathbb {F} _{q}} , where j ( E ) {\displaystyle j(E)} denotes the j-invariant of E {\displaystyle E} , then ℓ {\displaystyle \ell } is an Elkies prime, and otherwise it is an Atkin prime. In the Elkies case, further computations involving modular polynomials are used to obtain a proper factor of the division polynomial ψ ℓ {\displaystyle \psi _{\ell }} . The degree of this factor is O ( ℓ ) {\displaystyle O(\ell )} , whereas ψ ℓ {\displaystyle \psi _{\ell }} has degree O ( ℓ 2 ) {\displaystyle O(\ell ^{2})} .
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In the definition of NP-complete given above, the term reduction was used in the technical meaning of a polynomial-time many-one reduction. Another type of reduction is polynomial-time Turing reduction. A problem X {\displaystyle \scriptstyle X} is polynomial-time Turing-reducible to a problem Y {\displaystyle \scriptstyle Y} if, given a subroutine that solves Y {\displaystyle \scriptstyle Y} in polynomial time, one could write a program that calls this subroutine and solves X {\displaystyle \scriptstyle X} in polynomial time. This contrasts with many-one reducibility, which has the restriction that the program can only call the subroutine once, and the return value of the subroutine must be the return value of the program.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In particular, GXL was developed to enable interoperability between software reengineering tools and components, such as code extractors (parsers), analyzers and visualizers. GXL allows software reengineers to combine single-purpose tools especially for parsing, source code extraction, architecture recovery, data flow analysis, pointer analysis, program slicing, query techniques, source code visualization, object recovery, restructuring, refactoring, remodularization, etc., into a single powerful reengineering workbench. There are two innovative features in GXL that make it well-suited to an exchange format for software data. The conceptual data model is a typed, attributed, directed graph.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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The purpose of the test theory is to allow a(v) and b(v) to be measured by experiment, and to see how close the experimental values come to the values predicted by special relativity. (Notice that Newtonian physics, which has been conclusively excluded by experiment, results from a ( v ) = b ( v ) = d ( v ) = 1 , and e ( v ) = 0 . {\displaystyle a(v)=b(v)=d(v)=1,{\text{ and }}e(v)=0\,.}
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In some economic models, the role of social networks in job searching often use exogenous job networks. Using this framework, Calvo-Armegnol and Jackson were able to point out some network related labor market issues.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In the early seventies Stephen Wiesner introduced a primitive called multiplexing in his seminal paper "Conjugate Coding", which was the starting point of quantum cryptography. Unfortunately it took more than ten years to be published. Even though this primitive was equivalent to what was later called 1–2 oblivious transfer, Wiesner did not see its application to cryptography.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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These evolutionary lineages can thereby be portrayed through a phylogenetic tree, or cladogram, where varying relatedness amongst species is evidently depicted. Through this tree, organisms can be categorized by divergence from the common ancestor, and primitive characters, to clades of organisms with shared derived character states. Furthermore, cladograms allow researchers to view the changes and evolutionary alterations occurring in a species over time as they move from primitive characters to varying derived character states.Cladograms are important for scientists as they allow them to classify and hypothesize the origin and future of organisms. Cladograms allow scientists to propose their evolutionary scenarios about the lineage from a primitive trait to a derived one. By understanding how the trait came to be, scientists can hypothesize the environment that specific organism was in and how that affected the evolutionary adaptations of the trait that came to be.Other, more technical, terms for these two conditions—for example, "plesiomorphic" and "synapomorphic"—are frequently encountered; see the table below.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In number theory, a formula for primes is a formula generating the prime numbers, exactly and without exception. No such formula which is efficiently computable is known. A number of constraints are known, showing what such a "formula" can and cannot be.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Two moves in: At this point, the requirement that the graph be proper comes into effect, as a red area must be made which does not touch the existing one: Once the third region is coloured: Note that areas only count as touching if they share edges, not if they only share vertices, so this move is legal. The game continues, players moving alternately, until one player cannot make a move. This player loses. A possible continuation of the game is as follows (with each move numbered for clarity): Game over: In this outcome, the blue player has lost.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Scheme theory also unifies algebraic geometry with much of number theory, which eventually led to Wiles's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem. Formally, a scheme is a topological space together with commutative rings for all of its open sets, which arises from gluing together spectra (spaces of prime ideals) of commutative rings along their open subsets. In other words, it is a ringed space which is locally a spectrum of a commutative ring.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In recent years, several students of Jean-Paul Benzécri have refined MCA and incorporated it into a more general framework of data analysis known as geometric data analysis. This involves the development of direct connections between simple correspondence analysis, principal component analysis and MCA with a form of cluster analysis known as Euclidean classification.Two extensions have great practical use. It is possible to include, as active elements in the MCA, several quantitative variables.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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If an industry uses little of a factor of production, a small increase in the output of that industry will not bid the price of that factor up. To a first-order approximation, firms in the industry will experience constant costs, and the industry supply curves will not slope up. If an industry uses an appreciable amount of that factor of production, an increase in the output of that industry will exhibit increasing costs.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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The SQL standard defines the following properties: Language - defines the programming language in which the user-defined function is implemented; examples include SQL, C, C# and Java. Parameter style - defines the conventions that are used to pass the function parameters and results between the implementation of the function and the database system (only applicable if language is not SQL). Specific name - a name for the function that is unique within the database.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Links not in the MCF are paid nothing. This routing problem is one of the cases for which VCG is strategyproof and minimum. In 2004, it was shown that the expected VCG overpayment of an Erdős–Rényi random graph with n nodes and edge probability p, G ∈ G ( n , p ) {\displaystyle \scriptstyle G\in G(n,p)} approaches p 2 − p {\displaystyle {\frac {p}{2-p}}} as n, approaches ∞ {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \infty } , for n p = ω ( n log n ) {\displaystyle np=\omega ({\sqrt {n\log n}})} . Prior to this result, it was known that VCG overpayment in G(n, p) is Ω ( 1 n p ) {\displaystyle \Omega \left({\frac {1}{np}}\right)} and O ( 1 ) {\displaystyle O(1)\,} with high probability given n p = ω ( log n ) . {\displaystyle np=\omega (\log n).\,}
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In order to effectively aid marketers in fully understanding customers and subsequently developing a strategic marketing plan, marketing automation platforms (MAPs) are designed to perform eight key tasks: Development and analysis of marketing campaigns and customers Management of marketing campaigns Appropriate customer data organization and storage Moving contacts from leads (marketing prospects) to customers Lead scoring to qualify leads by measuring their engagement level Integration of multiple touch-points such as email and social media Lead management Campaign performance analytics (i.e. open rate or click-through rates on emails, conversion rates on landing pages)
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In mathematics, mathematical optimization (or optimization or mathematical programming) refers to the selection of a best element from some set of available alternatives. In the simplest case, an optimization problem involves maximizing or minimizing a real function by selecting input values of the function and computing the corresponding values of the function. The solution process includes satisfying general necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality. For optimization problems, specialized notation may be used as to the function and its input(s).
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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The negation of an event in probability theory: Pr(A′) = 1 − Pr(A) (other notation also exists). The result of a transformation: Tx = x′ The transpose of a matrix (other notation also exists) The dual of a vector spaceThe prime is said to "decorate" the letter to which it applies.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In physics, the impact parameter b is defined as the perpendicular distance between the path of a projectile and the center of a potential field U(r) created by an object that the projectile is approaching (see diagram). It is often referred to in nuclear physics (see Rutherford scattering) and in classical mechanics. The impact parameter is related to the scattering angle θ by θ = π − 2 b ∫ r min ∞ d r r 2 1 − ( b / r ) 2 − 2 U / ( m v ∞ 2 ) , {\displaystyle \theta =\pi -2b\int _{r_{\text{min}}}^{\infty }{\frac {dr}{r^{2}{\sqrt {1-(b/r)^{2}-2U/(mv_{\infty }^{2})}}}},} where v∞ is the velocity of the projectile when it is far from the center, and rmin is its closest distance from the center.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In mathematics and abstract algebra, a Boolean domain is a set consisting of exactly two elements whose interpretations include false and true. In logic, mathematics and theoretical computer science, a Boolean domain is usually written as {0, 1}, or B . {\displaystyle \mathbb {B} .} The algebraic structure that naturally builds on a Boolean domain is the Boolean algebra with two elements.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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"The text also states that, "... over most of the area affected by the EMP the electric field strength on the ground would exceed 0.5Emax. For yields of less than a few hundred kilotons, this would not necessarily be true because the field strength at the Earth's tangent could be substantially less than 0.5Emax.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Supposing that the Kempe chain is connecting the green and yellow neighbors, red and blue must then necessarily not have a Kempe chain between them. So, when placing the original vertex v back into the graph, we can simply reverse the colors of the red vertex and its neighbors (including the red vertex, making it blue) and color vertex v as red. This results in a four-colored graph.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Such a formula can be made either true or false based on the values assigned to its propositional variables. The double turnstile notation ⊨ S {\displaystyle \vDash S} is used to indicate that S is a tautology. Tautology is sometimes symbolized by "Vpq", and contradiction by "Opq".
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In mathematics, Ingleton's inequality is an inequality that is satisfied by the rank function of any representable matroid. In this sense it is a necessary condition for representability of a matroid over a finite field. Let M be a matroid and let ρ be its rank function, Ingleton's inequality states that for any subsets X1, X2, X3 and X4 in the support of M, the inequality ρ(X1)+ρ(X2)+ρ(X1∪X2∪X3)+ρ(X1∪X2∪X4)+ρ(X3∪X4) ≤ ρ(X1∪X2)+ρ(X1∪X3)+ρ(X1∪X4)+ρ(X2∪X3)+ρ(X2∪X4) is satisfied.Aubrey William Ingleton, an English mathematician, wrote an important paper in 1969 in which he surveyed the representability problem in matroids. Although the article is mainly expository, in this paper Ingleton stated and proved Ingleton's inequality, which has found interesting applications in information theory, matroid theory, and network coding.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In some states, grand theft of a vehicle may be charged as "grand theft auto" (see motor vehicle theft for more information). Repeat offenders who continue to steal may become subject to life imprisonment in certain states.Sometimes the federal anti-theft-of-government-property law 18 U.S.C. § 640 is used to prosecute cases where the Espionage Act would otherwise be involved; the theory being that by retaining sensitive information, the defendant has taken a 'thing of value' from the government. For examples, see the Amerasia case and United States v. Manning.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Areas most at risk for flooding could be put to valuable uses that could be abandoned temporarily as people retreat to safer areas when a flood is imminent. Planning for flood safety involves many aspects of analysis and engineering, including: observation of previous and present flood heights and inundated areas, statistical, hydrologic, and hydraulic model analyses, mapping inundated areas and flood heights for future flood scenarios, long-term land use planning and regulation, engineering design and construction of structures to control or withstand flooding, intermediate-term monitoring, forecasting, and emergency-response planning, and short-term monitoring, warning, and response operations.Each topic presents distinct yet related questions with varying scope and scale in time, space, and the people involved. Attempts to understand and manage the mechanisms at work in floodplains have been made for at least six millennia.In the United States, the Association of State Floodplain Managers works to promote education, policies, and activities that mitigate current and future losses, costs, and human suffering caused by flooding and to protect the natural and beneficial functions of floodplains – all without causing adverse impacts. A portfolio of best practice examples for disaster mitigation in the United States is available from the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In simple type theory objects are elements of various disjoint "types". Types are implicitly built up as follows. If τ1,...,τm are types then there is a type (τ1,...,τm) that can be thought of as the class of propositional functions of τ1,...,τm (which in set theory is essentially the set of subsets of τ1×...×τm). In particular there is a type () of propositions, and there may be a type ι (iota) of "individuals" from which other types are built.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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If it is consistent with either state, Bob announces that the bit is invalid, since he cannot distinguish which state was transmitted based on the measurement. If on the other hand, one of the two candidate states was inconsistent with the observed measurement, Bob announces that the bit is valid since he can deduce the state (and therefore the secret bit). Consider for example the scenario that Alice transmits | ψ 00 ⟩ {\displaystyle |\psi _{00}\rangle } and announces the two states | ψ 00 ⟩ {\displaystyle |\psi _{00}\rangle } and | ψ 01 ⟩ {\displaystyle |\psi _{01}\rangle } .
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In probability theory and statistics, the log-Laplace distribution is the probability distribution of a random variable whose logarithm has a Laplace distribution. If X has a Laplace distribution with parameters μ and b, then Y = eX has a log-Laplace distribution. The distributional properties can be derived from the Laplace distribution.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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The linear form ⟨ ϕ | {\displaystyle \langle \phi |} is a covector to | ϕ ⟩ {\displaystyle |\phi \rangle } , and the set of all covectors form a subspace of the dual vector space V ∨ {\displaystyle V^{\vee }} , to the initial vector space V {\displaystyle V} . The purpose of this linear form ⟨ ϕ | {\displaystyle \langle \phi |} can now be understood in terms of making projections on the state ϕ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\phi }}} , to find how linearly dependent two states are, etc. For the vector space C n {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} ^{n}} , kets can be identified with column vectors, and bras with row vectors. Combinations of bras, kets, and linear operators are interpreted using matrix multiplication.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Since you and your opponent are each infinitely wealthy, there is no limit to how long the game can last. This means the sample space Ω must consist of all possible infinite sequences of H {\displaystyle H} or T: {\displaystyle T:} However, after n {\displaystyle n} flips of the coin, you may want to determine or revise your betting strategy in advance of the next flip. The observed information at that point can be described in terms of the 2n possibilities for the first n {\displaystyle n} flips. Formally, since you need to use subsets of Ω, this is codified as the σ-algebra Observe that then where G ∞ {\displaystyle {\mathcal {G}}_{\infty }} is the smallest σ-algebra containing all the others.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Now we are taking balls randomly in such a way that the probability of taking a particular ball is proportional to its weight, but independent of what happens to the other balls. The number of balls taken of a particular color follows the binomial distribution. If the total number n of balls taken is known then the conditional distribution of the number of taken red balls for given n is Fisher's noncentral hypergeometric distribution.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In some types of computer video displays, the related technique of double buffering may be used to improve video performance. In this case, while the processor is updating the contents of one set of physical memory locations, the video generation hardware is accessing and displaying the contents of a second set. When the processor has completed its update, it can signal to the video display hardware to swap active banks, so that the transition visible on screen is free of artifacts or distortion. In this case, the processor may have access to all the memory at once, but the video display hardware is bank-switched between parts of the video memory. If the two (or more) banks of video memory contain slightly different images, rapidly cycling (page-flipping) between them can create animation or other visual effects that the processor might otherwise be too slow to carry out directly.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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This always includes the content of general-purpose CPU registers, the CPU process status word, stack and frame pointers, etc. During context switch, the running process is stopped and another process runs. The kernel must stop the execution of the running process, copy out the values in hardware registers to its PCB, and update the hardware registers with the values from the PCB of the new process. Process control information is used by the OS to manage the process itself. This includes: Process scheduling state – The state of the process in terms of "ready", "suspended", etc., and other scheduling information as well, such as priority value, the amount of time elapsed since the process gained control of the CPU or since it was suspended. Also, in case of a suspended process, event identification data must be recorded for the event the process is waiting for; Process structuring information – the process's children id's, or the id's of other processes related to the current one in some functional way, which may be represented as a queue, a ring or other data structures; Interprocess communication information – flags, signals and messages associated with the communication among independent processes; Process Privileges – allowed/disallowed access to system resources; Process State – new, ready, running, waiting, dead; Process Number (PID) – unique identification number for each process (also known as Process ID); Program Counter (PC) – a pointer to the address of the next instruction to be executed for this process; CPU Registers – register set where process needs to be stored for execution for running state; CPU Scheduling Information – information scheduling CPU time; Memory Management Information – page table, memory limits, segment table; Accounting Information – amount of CPU used for process execution, time limits, execution ID etc.; I/O Status Information – list of I/O devices allocated to the process.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In mathematics, in particular number theory, an odd composite number N is a Somer–Lucas d-pseudoprime (with given d ≥ 1) if there exists a nondegenerate Lucas sequence U ( P , Q ) {\displaystyle U(P,Q)} with the discriminant D = P 2 − 4 Q , {\displaystyle D=P^{2}-4Q,} such that gcd ( N , D ) = 1 {\displaystyle \gcd(N,D)=1} and the rank appearance of N in the sequence U(P, Q) is 1 d ( N − ( D N ) ) , {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{d}}\left(N-\left({\frac {D}{N}}\right)\right),} where ( D N ) {\displaystyle \left({\frac {D}{N}}\right)} is the Jacobi symbol.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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However, there are many different writings on mathematics and mathematics methodology that date back to 1800 BCE. These were mostly located in Mesopotamia, where the Sumerians were practicing multiplication and division. There are also artifacts demonstrating their methodology for solving equations like the quadratic equation.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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SQL query is tightly coupled and rigidly constrained by datatype within the specific database and can join tables and extract data from tables, and the result is generally a table, and a query can join tables by any columns which match by datatype. SPARQL query is the standard query language and protocol for Linked Open Data on the web and loosely coupled with the database so that it facilitates the reusability and can extract data through the relations free from the datatype, and not only extract but also generate additional knowledge graph with more sophisticated operations(logic: transitive/symmetric/inverseOf/functional). The inference based query (query on the existing asserted facts without the generation of new facts by logic) can be fast comparing to the reasoning based query (query on the existing plus the generated/discovered facts based on logic).
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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(TCP's sister protocol, UDP, does not do this. UDP simply sends data packets over the network in a best effort manner and assumes the packets are well-received.) An early problem noted with TCP's ACK mechanism was it did not work well in large multicast group communications.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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The first of these is that the context changes functional interpretations of the same behaviors, such as the way “wright, right, right, rite, and write” are interpreted based on the context of the sentence. “Right” can be interpreted as a direction or as something good depending on the context. A second line of evidence says that errors are involved in human behavior as hierarchical organization.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In the Japanese kantenji braille, the standard 8-dot Braille patterns 258, 1258, 2458, and 12458 are the patterns related to Braille pattern dots-146, since the two additional dots of kantenji patterns 0146, 1467, and 01467 are placed above the base 6-dot cell, instead of below, as in standard 8-dot braille.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In mathematics, the quasi-commutative property is an extension or generalization of the general commutative property. This property is used in specific applications with various definitions.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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The main reason for the design of this format is that it fits the maximum amount of data on a standard 80-character-wide screen or printer, while still being very easy to read and skim visually. Here the leftmost column represents the address at which the bytes represented by the following columns are located. CP/M and various DOS systems ran in real mode on the x86 CPUs, where addresses are composed of two parts (base and offset). In the above examples the final 00s are non-existent bytes beyond the end of the file. Some dump tools display other characters so that it is clear they are beyond the end of the file, typically using spaces or asterisks, e.g.: or
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In programming languages that support recursive data types, it is possible to type the Y combinator by appropriately accounting for the recursion at the type level. The need to self-apply the variable x can be managed using a type (Rec a), which is defined so as to be isomorphic to (Rec a -> a). For example, in the following Haskell code, we have In and out being the names of the two directions of the isomorphism, with types: which lets us write: Or equivalently in OCaml: Alternatively:
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In the Philippines, The Data Privacy Act of 2012 mandated the creation of the National Privacy Commission that would monitor and maintain policies that involve information privacy and personal data protection in the country. Modeled after the EU Data Protection Directive and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Privacy Framework, the independent body would ensure compliance of the country with international standards set for data protection. The law requires government and private organizations composed of at least 250 employees or those which have access to the personal and identifiable information of at least 1000 people to appoint a Data Protection Officer that would assist in regulating the management of personal information in such entities.In summary, the law identifies important points regarding the handling of personal information as follows: Personal information must be collected for reasons that are specified, legitimate, and reasonable.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In mathematics, a supercommutative (associative) algebra is a superalgebra (i.e. a Z2-graded algebra) such that for any two homogeneous elements x, y we have y x = ( − 1 ) | x | | y | x y , {\displaystyle yx=(-1)^{|x||y|}xy,} where |x| denotes the grade of the element and is 0 or 1 (in Z2) according to whether the grade is even or odd, respectively. Equivalently, it is a superalgebra where the supercommutator = x y − ( − 1 ) | x | | y | y x {\displaystyle =xy-(-1)^{|x||y|}yx} always vanishes. Algebraic structures which supercommute in the above sense are sometimes referred to as skew-commutative associative algebras to emphasize the anti-commutation, or, to emphasize the grading, graded-commutative or, if the supercommutativity is understood, simply commutative. Any commutative algebra is a supercommutative algebra if given the trivial gradation (i.e. all elements are even).
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In mathematics, a permutation of a set is, loosely speaking, an arrangement of its members into a sequence or linear order, or if the set is already ordered, a rearrangement of its elements. The word "permutation" also refers to the act or process of changing the linear order of an ordered set.Permutations differ from combinations, which are selections of some members of a set regardless of order. For example, written as tuples, there are six permutations of the set {1, 2, 3}, namely (1, 2, 3), (1, 3, 2), (2, 1, 3), (2, 3, 1), (3, 1, 2), and (3, 2, 1). These are all the possible orderings of this three-element set.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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This is possible because the logarithm of a product is the sum of the logarithms of the factors: provided that b, x and y are all positive and b ≠ 1. The slide rule, also based on logarithms, allows quick calculations without tables, but at lower precision. The present-day notion of logarithms comes from Leonhard Euler, who connected them to the exponential function in the 18th century, and who also introduced the letter e as the base of natural logarithms.Logarithmic scales reduce wide-ranging quantities to smaller scopes.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In USAID, the use of a program cycle, "codified in the Automated Directive Systems (ADS) 201, is USAID's operational model for planning, delivering, assessing, and adapting development programming in a given region or country to achieve more effective and sustainable results in order to advance U.S. foreign policy". Relatedly, within the agency there exists resources regarding adaptive management decision cycles.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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As properties of permutations do not depend on the nature of the set elements, it is often the permutations of the set { 1 , 2 , … , n } {\displaystyle \{1,2,\ldots ,n\}} that are considered for studying permutations. In elementary combinatorics, the k-permutations, or partial permutations, are the ordered arrangements of k distinct elements selected from a set. When k is equal to the size of the set, these are the permutations of the set.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In meteorology a ridge or barometric ridge is an elongated area of relatively high atmospheric pressure compared to the surrounding environment, without being a closed circulation. It is associated with an area of maximum anticyclonic curvature of wind flow. The ridge originates in the center of an anticyclone and sandwiched between two low-pressure areas, and the locus of the maximum curvature is called the ridge line. This phenomenon is the opposite of a trough.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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For example, in the multiset {a, a, b, b, b, c} the multiplicities of the members a, b, and c are respectively 2, 3, and 1, and therefore the cardinality of this multiset is 6. Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn coined the word multiset in the 1970s, according to Donald Knuth. : 694 However, the concept of multisets predates the coinage of the word multiset by many centuries.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In the SVP, a basis of a vector space V and a norm N (often L2) are given for a lattice L and one must find the shortest non-zero vector in V, as measured by N, in L. In other words, the algorithm should output a non-zero vector v such that ‖ v ‖ N = λ ( L ) {\displaystyle \|v\|_{N}=\lambda (L)} . In the γ-approximation version SVPγ, one must find a non-zero lattice vector of length at most γ ⋅ λ ( L ) {\displaystyle \gamma \cdot \lambda (L)} for given γ ≥ 1 {\displaystyle \gamma \geq 1} .
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Error correction does not seem to have a direct influence on learning a second language. Instruction may affect the rate of learning, but the stages remain the same.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In probability theory, the conditional expectation, conditional expected value, or conditional mean of a random variable is its expected value – the value it would take "on average" over an arbitrarily large number of occurrences – given that a certain set of "conditions" is known to occur. If the random variable can take on only a finite number of values, the "conditions" are that the variable can only take on a subset of those values. More formally, in the case when the random variable is defined over a discrete probability space, the "conditions" are a partition of this probability space.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In mathematics, Knuth's up-arrow notation is a method of notation for very large integers, introduced by Donald Knuth in 1976.In his 1947 paper, R. L. Goodstein introduced the specific sequence of operations that are now called hyperoperations. Goodstein also suggested the Greek names tetration, pentation, etc., for the extended operations beyond exponentiation. The sequence starts with a unary operation (the successor function with n = 0), and continues with the binary operations of addition (n = 1), multiplication (n = 2), exponentiation (n = 3), tetration (n = 4), pentation (n = 5), etc. Various notations have been used to represent hyperoperations. One such notation is H n ( a , b ) {\displaystyle H_{n}(a,b)} . Knuth's up-arrow notation ↑ {\displaystyle \uparrow } is another. For example: the single arrow ↑ {\displaystyle \uparrow } represents exponentiation (iterated multiplication) the double arrow ↑↑ {\displaystyle \uparrow \uparrow } represents tetration (iterated exponentiation) the triple arrow ↑↑↑ {\displaystyle \uparrow \uparrow \uparrow } represents pentation (iterated tetration) The general definition of the up-arrow notation is as follows (for a ≥ 0 , n ≥ 1 , b ≥ 0 {\displaystyle a\geq 0,n\geq 1,b\geq 0} ): Here, ↑ n {\displaystyle \uparrow ^{n}} stands for n arrows, so for example The square brackets are another notation for hyperoperations.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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This is a PBE - it is a best-response for both sender and receiver. The sender's strategy is: never give. Suppose the receiver's beliefs when receiving a gift is that the sender is a friend with probability q {\displaystyle q} , where q {\displaystyle q} is any number in {\displaystyle } .
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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The number of correct digits roughly doubles with each step. This algorithm is first in the class of Householder's methods, succeeded by Halley's method. The method can also be extended to complex functions and to systems of equations.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In one special case two covariates, say j and k, are identical for each observation, so that x ( j ) = x ( k ) {\displaystyle x_{(j)}=x_{(k)}} , where x ( j ) , i = x ( k ) , i {\displaystyle x_{(j),i}=x_{(k),i}} . Then the values of β j {\displaystyle \beta _{j}} and β k {\displaystyle \beta _{k}} that minimize the lasso objective function are not uniquely determined. In fact, if some β ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {\beta }}} in which β ^ j β ^ k ≥ 0 {\displaystyle {\hat {\beta }}_{j}{\hat {\beta }}_{k}\geq 0} , then if s ∈ {\displaystyle s\in } replacing β ^ j {\displaystyle {\hat {\beta }}_{j}} by s ( β ^ j + β ^ k ) {\displaystyle s({\hat {\beta }}_{j}+{\hat {\beta }}_{k})} and β ^ k {\displaystyle {\hat {\beta }}_{k}} by ( 1 − s ) ( β ^ j + β ^ k ) {\displaystyle (1-s)({\hat {\beta }}_{j}+{\hat {\beta }}_{k})} , while keeping all the other β ^ i {\displaystyle {\hat {\beta }}_{i}} fixed, gives a new solution, so the lasso objective function then has a continuum of valid minimizers. Several variants of the lasso, including the Elastic net regularization, have been designed to address this shortcoming.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Whatever we may say something 'is' obviously is not the 'something' on the silent levels." By making it a 'mental' habit to find and keep one's bearings among the ordered stages, general semantics training seeks to sharpen internal orientation much as a GPS device may sharpen external orientation. Once trained, general semanticists affirm, a person will act, respond, and make decisions more appropriate to any given set of happenings.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Given a data array X, the basic Backus-Gilbert inverse is: H θ = C − 1 G θ G θ T C − 1 G θ {\displaystyle \mathbf {H} _{\theta }={\frac {\mathbf {C} ^{-1}\mathbf {G} _{\theta }}{\mathbf {G} _{\theta }^{T}\mathbf {C} ^{-1}\mathbf {G} _{\theta }}}} where C is the covariance matrix of the data, and Gθ is an a priori constraint representing the source θ for which a solution is sought. Regularization is implemented by "whitening" the covariance matrix: C ′ = C + λ I {\displaystyle \mathbf {C} '=\mathbf {C} +\lambda \mathbf {I} } with C′ replacing C in the equation for Hθ. Then, H θ T X {\displaystyle \mathbf {H} _{\theta }^{T}\mathbf {X} } is an estimate of the activity of the source θ.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In some countries such as Germany, the above multiplication is depicted similarly but with the original product kept horizontal and computation starting with the first digit of the multiplier: 23958233 · 5830 ——————————————— 119791165 191665864 71874699 00000000 ——————————————— 139676498390 Below pseudocode describes the process of above multiplication. It keeps only one row to maintain the sum which finally becomes the result. Note that the '+=' operator is used to denote sum to existing value and store operation (akin to languages such as Java and C) for compactness.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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{\cdot }\,} _{i\in I}A_{i}} ). A standard way for building the disjoint union is to define A {\displaystyle A} as the set of ordered pairs ( x , i ) {\displaystyle (x,i)} such that x ∈ A i , {\displaystyle x\in A_{i},} and the injection A i → A {\displaystyle A_{i}\to A} as x ↦ ( x , i ) . {\displaystyle x\mapsto (x,i).}
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In statistics, the binomial test is an exact test of the statistical significance of deviations from a theoretically expected distribution of observations into two categories using sample data.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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We can show that c = 2 ℵ 0 {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {c}}=2^{\aleph _{0}}} , this also being the cardinality of the set of all subsets of the natural numbers. The continuum hypothesis says that ℵ 1 = 2 ℵ 0 {\displaystyle \aleph _{1}=2^{\aleph _{0}}} , i.e. 2 ℵ 0 {\displaystyle 2^{\aleph _{0}}} is the smallest cardinal number bigger than ℵ 0 {\displaystyle \aleph _{0}} , i.e. there is no set whose cardinality is strictly between that of the integers and that of the real numbers. The continuum hypothesis is independent of ZFC, a standard axiomatization of set theory; that is, it is impossible to prove the continuum hypothesis or its negation from ZFC—provided that ZFC is consistent. For more detail, see § Cardinality of the continuum below.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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For instance, the set of all integers (including negative numbers) can be brought into bijection with the set of natural numbers, and even seemingly much larger sets like that of all finite sequences of rational numbers are still (only) countably infinite. Nevertheless, there are sets, such as the set of real numbers, that can be shown to be "too large" to admit a bijection with the natural numbers, and these sets are called "uncountable." Sets for which there exists a bijection between them are said to have the same cardinality, and in the most general sense counting a set can be taken to mean determining its cardinality.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In logic, a formula is satisfiable if it is true under at least one interpretation, and thus a tautology is a formula whose negation is unsatisfiable. In other words, it cannot be false. It cannot be untrue.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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A line l in a projective plane Π is a translation line if the group of all elations with axis l acts transitively on the points of the affine plane obtained by removing l from the plane Π, Πl (the affine derivative of Π). A projective plane with a translation line is called a translation plane. The affine plane obtained by removing the translation line is called an affine translation plane. While it is often easier to work with projective planes, in this context several authors use the term translation plane to mean affine translation plane.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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The LRN removes the need for the public telephone number to identify the local exchange carrier. If a subscriber changes to another telephone service provider, the current telephone number can be retained, and only the LRN needs to be changed. In addition to supporting service provider telephone number portability, an LRN also supports the possibility of two other types of number portability: service portability (for example, ordinary service to ISDN) and geographic portability.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In order to define a custom structure type using Oracle Database one could use statements such as these:Such structure type can be then used to create a table that would also hold all columns defined in Person_Type:Custom structure types support inheritance, which means that one can create another type that inherits from previous. NOT FINAL statement must be however included in a base structure type definition in order to allow for creation of any other subtypes.Student_Type then could be used in order to create a Student_Table which will include all columns defined in Person_Type as well. Primary Key and Constraints should be defined during or after creation of table and cannot be defined inside structure type itself.Each custom structure type can also contain other types in order to support more complex structures:
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In the 19th century, Sir William Thomson made a hypothesis that the chemical elements were based upon knotted vortices in the aether. In an attempt to make a periodic table of the elements, P. G. Tait, C. N. Little and others started to attempt to count all possible knots. Because their work predated the invention of the digital computer, all work had to be done by hand.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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VoIP systems are based on Internet standards and technology which have not previously attempted to satisfy such complex and demanding requirements as those that specify call control. An alternative name often used is call processing.In a VoIP network, call control is one of three major categories of communications traffic, the other two being call signaling and media communications. Call control uses Q.931, a connection protocol for digital networks, especially VoIP systems. Messages are transmitted as octets as specified in ITU H.245, which resolves the type of call media to be used (for example, conventional call, videoconferencing, or VoIP), and then manages the connection after it has been established. Call control functions include, but are not limited to, the determination of master/slave status for the endpoints, monitoring of the status of the endpoints, modification of the parameters of a connection, termination of a connection, and restarting a terminated or failed connection.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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These critics suggest that direct parameters would be better placed on the operational uses of data in general. Opponents of regulatory reform say this would, perhaps unintentionally, drastically inhibit businesses ability to utilize the data for positive measures. Furthermore, because singular data points may be used across a large array of industries, sector-specific legislation may prove fruitless.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In pseudocode the algorithm can be stated as: Begin 1) Objective function: f ( x ) , x = ( x 1 , x 2 , . . .
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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An example is the assignment of the code EUR to the euro. ISO 4217 amendment 94, which created this code, states "The code element 'EU' has been reserved by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency for use within ISO 4217 where 'R' has been appended to make an acceptable mnemonic code." Here the R comes from the third letter in the word "euro".
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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The conjugate gradient method can also be used to solve unconstrained optimization problems such as energy minimization. It is commonly attributed to Magnus Hestenes and Eduard Stiefel, who programmed it on the Z4, and extensively researched it.The biconjugate gradient method provides a generalization to non-symmetric matrices. Various nonlinear conjugate gradient methods seek minima of nonlinear optimization problems.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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When an item in the left column is related to an item across the top, a mark is placed in the intersecting cell. The number of relationships are added up for each row and each column.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Thus, metaheuristics usually allow to meet the resolution delays imposed in the industrial field as well as they allow to study general problem classes instead that particular problem instances. In general, many of the best performing techniques in precision and effort to solve complex and real-world problems are metaheuristics. Their fields of application range from combinatorial optimization, bioinformatics, and telecommunications to economics, software engineering, etc. These fields are full of many tasks needing fast solutions of high quality.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In probability theory and machine learning, the multi-armed bandit problem (sometimes called the K- or N-armed bandit problem) is a problem in which a fixed limited set of resources must be allocated between competing (alternative) choices in a way that maximizes their expected gain, when each choice's properties are only partially known at the time of allocation, and may become better understood as time passes or by allocating resources to the choice. This is a classic reinforcement learning problem that exemplifies the exploration–exploitation tradeoff dilemma. The name comes from imagining a gambler at a row of slot machines (sometimes known as "one-armed bandits"), who has to decide which machines to play, how many times to play each machine and in which order to play them, and whether to continue with the current machine or try a different machine. The multi-armed bandit problem also falls into the broad category of stochastic scheduling.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In test-driven development (TDD), which is frequently used in both extreme programming and scrum, unit tests are created before the code itself is written. When the tests pass, that code is considered complete. The same unit tests are run against that function frequently as the larger code base is developed either as the code is changed or via an automated process with the build. If the unit tests fail, it is considered to be a bug either in the changed code or the tests themselves. The unit tests then allow the location of the fault or failure to be easily traced. Since the unit tests alert the development team of the problem before handing the code off to testers or clients, potential problems are caught early in the development process.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In the 1970s, there was a two-player game made by Tri-ang Toys & Games called Check Lines, in which the board consisted of eleven holes arranged in a geometrical pattern of twelve straight lines each containing three of the holes. Each player had exactly five tokens and played in turn placing one token in any of the holes. The winner was the first player whose tokens were arranged in two lines of three (which by definition were intersecting lines). If neither player had won by the tenth turn, subsequent turns consisted of moving one of one's own tokens to the remaining empty hole, with the constraint that this move could only be from an adjacent hole.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In optimal control theory, the evolution of n state variables through time depends at any time on their own values and on the values of k control variables. With linear evolution, matrices of coefficients appear in the state equation (equation of evolution). In some problems the values of the parameters in these matrices are not known with certainty, in which case there are random matrices in the state equation and the problem is known as one of stochastic control. : ch. 13 A key result in the case of linear-quadratic control with stochastic matrices is that the certainty equivalence principle does not apply: while in the absence of multiplier uncertainty (that is, with only additive uncertainty) the optimal policy with a quadratic loss function coincides with what would be decided if the uncertainty were ignored, the optimal policy may differ if the state equation contains random coefficients.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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The position of an element in a sequence is its rank or index; it is the natural number for which the element is the image. The first element has index 0 or 1, depending on the context or a specific convention. In mathematical analysis, a sequence is often denoted by letters in the form of a n {\displaystyle a_{n}} , b n {\displaystyle b_{n}} and c n {\displaystyle c_{n}} , where the subscript n refers to the nth element of the sequence; for example, the nth element of the Fibonacci sequence F {\displaystyle F} is generally denoted as F n {\displaystyle F_{n}} . In computing and computer science, finite sequences are sometimes called strings, words or lists, the different names commonly corresponding to different ways to represent them in computer memory; infinite sequences are called streams. The empty sequence ( ) is included in most notions of sequence, but may be excluded depending on the context.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In most languages that provide this feature, a procedural parameter f of a subroutine P can be called inside the body of P as if it were an ordinary procedure: procedure P(f): return f(6,3) * f(2,1) When calling the subroutine P, one must give it one argument, that must be some previously defined function compatible with the way P uses its parameter f. For example, if we define procedure plus(x, y): return x + y then we may call P (plus), and the result will be plus(6,3) * plus(2,1) = (6 + 3)*(2 + 1) = 27. On the other hand, if we define procedure quot(u, v): return u/v then the call P (quot) will return quot(6,3)*quot(2,1) = (6/3)*(2/1) = 4. Finally, if we define procedure evil(z) return z + 100 then the call P (evil) will not make much sense, and may be flagged as an error.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In number theory, a branch of mathematics, a Mirimanoff's congruence is one of a collection of expressions in modular arithmetic which, if they hold, entail the truth of Fermat's Last Theorem. Since the theorem has now been proven, these are now of mainly historical significance, though the Mirimanoff polynomials are interesting in their own right. The theorem is due to Dmitry Mirimanoff.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In mathematics, an identity element or neutral element of a binary operation is an element that leaves unchanged every element when the operation is applied. For example, 0 is an identity element of the addition of real numbers. This concept is used in algebraic structures such as groups and rings. The term identity element is often shortened to identity (as in the case of additive identity and multiplicative identity) when there is no possibility of confusion, but the identity implicitly depends on the binary operation it is associated with.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In probability theory and statistics, the Hermite distribution, named after Charles Hermite, is a discrete probability distribution used to model count data with more than one parameter. This distribution is flexible in terms of its ability to allow a moderate over-dispersion in the data. The authors Kemp and Kemp have called it "Hermite distribution" from the fact its probability function and the moment generating function can be expressed in terms of the coefficients of (modified) Hermite polynomials.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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The typical metric used in this case the Lee distance. There exist a Gray isometry between Z 2 2 m {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{2}^{2m}} (i.e. GF(22m)) with the Hamming distance and Z 4 m {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{4}^{m}} (also denoted as GR(4,m)) with the Lee distance. == References ==
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In mathematical logic, proof compression by splitting is an algorithm that operates as a post-process on resolution proofs. It was proposed by Scott Cotton in his paper "Two Techniques for Minimizing Resolution Proof".The Splitting algorithm is based on the following observation: Given a proof of unsatisfiability π {\displaystyle \pi } and a variable x {\displaystyle x} , it is easy to re-arrange (split) the proof in a proof of x {\displaystyle x} and a proof of ¬ x {\displaystyle \neg x} and the recombination of these two proofs (by an additional resolution step) may result in a proof smaller than the original. Note that applying Splitting in a proof π {\displaystyle \pi } using a variable x {\displaystyle x} does not invalidates a latter application of the algorithm using a differente variable y {\displaystyle y} . Actually, the method proposed by Cotton generates a sequence of proofs π 1 π 2 … {\displaystyle \pi _{1}\pi _{2}\ldots } , where each proof π i + 1 {\displaystyle \pi _{i+1}} is the result of applying Splitting to π i {\displaystyle \pi _{i}} .
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In political science, the policy cycle is a tool used for analyzing the development of a policy. It can also be referred to as a "stages model" or "stages heuristic". It is thus a rule of thumb rather than the actual reality of how policy is created, but has been influential in how political scientists looked at policy in general. It was developed as a theory from Harold Lasswell's work.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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This is primarily because adding another Opteron processor increases memory bandwidth, while that is not always the case for Xeon systems, and the fact that the Opterons use a switched fabric, rather than a shared bus. In particular, the Opteron's integrated memory controller allows the CPU to access local RAM very quickly. In contrast, multiprocessor Xeon system CPUs share only two common buses for both processor-processor and processor-memory communication. As the number of CPUs increases in a typical Xeon system, contention for the shared bus causes computing efficiency to drop. Intel migrated to a memory architecture similar to the Opteron's for the Intel Core i7 family of processors and their Xeon derivatives.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Then, they consider the above LP with one additional constraint:The additional constraint guarantees that the "vacant space" in the bins can be filled by the small items. The dual of this LP is more complex and cannot be solved by a simple knapsack-problem separation oracle. Csirik, Johnson and Kenyon present a different method to solve it approximately in time exponential in 1/epsilon. Jansen and Solis-Oba present an improved method to solve it approximately in time exponential in 1/epsilon.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In mathematics, especially group theory, the centralizer (also called commutant) of a subset S in a group G is the set C G ( S ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {C} _{G}(S)} of elements of G that commute with every element of S, or equivalently, such that conjugation by g {\displaystyle g} leaves each element of S fixed. The normalizer of S in G is the set of elements N G ( S ) {\displaystyle \mathrm {N} _{G}(S)} of G that satisfy the weaker condition of leaving the set S ⊆ G {\displaystyle S\subseteq G} fixed under conjugation. The centralizer and normalizer of S are subgroups of G. Many techniques in group theory are based on studying the centralizers and normalizers of suitable subsets S. Suitably formulated, the definitions also apply to semigroups.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In mathematics, the Mertens conjecture is the statement that the Mertens function M ( n ) {\displaystyle M(n)} is bounded by ± n {\displaystyle \pm {\sqrt {n}}} . Although now disproven, it had been shown to imply the Riemann hypothesis. It was conjectured by Thomas Joannes Stieltjes, in an 1885 letter to Charles Hermite (reprinted in Stieltjes (1905)), and again in print by Franz Mertens (1897), and disproved by Andrew Odlyzko and Herman te Riele (1985). It is a striking example of a mathematical conjecture proven false despite a large amount of computational evidence in its favor.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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relation algebra to specify information systems.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In the Japanese kantenji braille, the standard 8-dot Braille patterns 58, 158, 458, and 1458 are the patterns related to Braille pattern dots-46, since the two additional dots of kantenji patterns 046, 467, and 0467 are placed above the base 6-dot cell, instead of below, as in standard 8-dot braille.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Let ℓ {\displaystyle \ell } be the single literal of the unit clause of η ′ {\displaystyle \eta ^{\prime }} . Then any occurrence of ℓ ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {\ell }}} in the subproof above η {\displaystyle \eta } will not be cancelled by resolution inferences with η ′ {\displaystyle \eta ^{\prime }} anymore. Consequently, ℓ ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {\ell }}} will be propagated downwards when the proof is fixed and will appear in the clause of η {\displaystyle \eta } .
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In some texts, especially in random matrix theory, authors have found it more convenient to use a matrix argument in the Jack function. The connection is simple. If X {\displaystyle X} is a matrix with eigenvalues x 1 , x 2 , … , x m {\displaystyle x_{1},x_{2},\ldots ,x_{m}} , then J κ ( α ) ( X ) = J κ ( α ) ( x 1 , x 2 , … , x m ) . {\displaystyle J_{\kappa }^{(\alpha )}(X)=J_{\kappa }^{(\alpha )}(x_{1},x_{2},\ldots ,x_{m}).}
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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In some cases, FPUs may be specialized, and divided between simpler floating-point operations (mainly addition and multiplication) and more complicated operations, like division. In some cases, only the simple operations may be implemented in hardware or microcode, while the more complex operations are implemented as software. In some current architectures, the FPU functionality is combined with SIMD units to perform SIMD computation; an example of this is the augmentation of the x87 instructions set with SSE instruction set in the x86-64 architecture used in newer Intel and AMD processors.
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https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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