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A document that is stored in such a database, typically would contain more than one normalized data unit and often the relationships between the units as well. If all the data units and the relationships in question are often retrieved together, then this approach optimizes the number of retrieves. It also simplifies h... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mid-2002 the CFSCI was established as a non-membership 501(c)(3) corporation under non-profit law. The CFSCI Board of Directors and its staff comprise the CFSCI. (Subsequently, the CFSCI Board amended the bylaws to create a class of "at-large members," however the at-large members have no voting rights.) The CFSCI w... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
This architecture may replace the traditional pigment based colour filters, leading to enhanced efficiencies, viewing angles and contrast, as well as the highly saturated colour delivered by the use of QDs. The display landscape is constantly changing, but with the shift to μ- and mini-LEDs, quantum dots are looking li... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The pseudoinverse facilitates the statement and proof of results in linear algebra. The pseudoinverse is defined and unique for all matrices whose entries are real or complex numbers. It can be computed using the singular value decomposition. In the special case where A {\displaystyle A} is a normal matrix (for example... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics, the converse relation, or transpose, of a binary relation is the relation that occurs when the order of the elements is switched in the relation. For example, the converse of the relation 'child of' is the relation 'parent of'. In formal terms, if X {\displaystyle X} and Y {\displaystyle Y} are sets and... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics, given a category C, a quotient of an object X by an equivalence relation f: R → X × X {\displaystyle f:R\to X\times X} is a coequalizer for the pair of maps R → f X × X → pr i X , i = 1 , 2 , {\displaystyle R\ {\overset {f}{\to }}\ X\times X\ {\overset {\operatorname {pr} _{i}}{\to }}\ X,\ \ i=1,2,} whe... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In this case, the expectation value is the probability that the experiment results in "1", and it can be computed as In quantum theory, it is also possible for an operator to have a non-discrete spectrum, such as the position operator X {\displaystyle X} in quantum mechanics. This operator has a completely continuous s... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
There is no generally agreed set of properties that make a particular trust metric better than others, as each metric is designed to serve different purposes, e.g. provides certain classification scheme for trust metrics. Two groups of trust metrics can be identified: Empirical metrics focusing on supporting the captur... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In statistics, the matrix t-distribution (or matrix variate t-distribution) is the generalization of the multivariate t-distribution from vectors to matrices. The matrix t-distribution shares the same relationship with the multivariate t-distribution that the matrix normal distribution shares with the multivariate norm... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
This tactic associates a set of constant values to a VIS' variable and generates as many test classes as elements are in the set. Each test class is characterized by a predicate of the form v a r = v a l {\displaystyle var=val} where var is the name of the variable and val is one of the values of the set. Numeric Range... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
(See example below.) Programming languages have the analogous notions of typing and scoping. A compiler or interpreter for the language must recognize which uses of a variable belong together (refer to the same variable). | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
A practical implementation of these strategies with refinements is available at the ACE website. The Knuth–Bendix algorithm also can perform coset enumeration, and unlike the Todd–Coxeter algorithm, it can sometimes solve the word problem for infinite groups. The main practical difficulties in producing a coset enumera... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In practice, "Gray code" almost always refers to a binary-reflected Gray code (BRGC). However, mathematicians have discovered other kinds of Gray codes. Like BRGCs, each consists of a list of words, where each word differs from the next in only one digit (each word has a Hamming distance of 1 from the next word). | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the following, R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } represents the real numbers with their usual topology. The subspace topology of the natural numbers, as a subspace of R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } , is the discrete topology. The rational numbers Q {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } considered as a subspace of R {\displaysty... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
For example, Twitter can use machine learning applications to flag content that does not comply with its terms of service and identify extremist posts encouraging terrorism. Facebook and Google have developed a content hierarchy system where fact-checkers can identify and de-rank possible disinformation and adjust algo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
, a n {\displaystyle a_{1},...,a_{n}} are attribute names. Its result is defined as the set obtained when the components of the tuples in R {\displaystyle R} are restricted to the set { a 1 , . . | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics, the symmetric closure of a binary relation R {\displaystyle R} on a set X {\displaystyle X} is the smallest symmetric relation on X {\displaystyle X} that contains R . {\displaystyle R.} For example, if X {\displaystyle X} is a set of airports and x R y {\displaystyle xRy} means "there is a direct fligh... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the diagram, MGF is the mask generating function, usually MGF1, Hash is the chosen hash function, hLen is the length of the output of the hash function in bytes, k is the length of the RSA modulus n in bytes, M is the message to be padded (at most k − 2 ⋅ h L e n − 2 {\displaystyle k-2\cdot \mathrm {hLen} -2} bytes)... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Sometimes, a set comes equipped with a natural hierarchical structure. For example, the set of natural numbers N is equipped with a natural pre-order structure, where n ≤ n ′ {\displaystyle n\leq n'} whenever we can find some other number m {\displaystyle m} so that n + m = n ′ {\displaystyle n+m=n'} . That is, n ′ {\d... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Consistent use of templates. Producing a consistent set of models and templates to document the requirements. Documenting dependencies. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
A block is usually subjected to some type of block processing, such as multidimensional parity checking, associated with it.A block transfer attempt is a coordinated sequence of user and telecommunication system activities undertaken to effect transfer of an individual block from a source user to a destination user. A ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In numerically challenging applications, sophisticated preconditioners are used, which may lead to variable preconditioning, changing between iterations. Even if the preconditioner is symmetric positive-definite on every iteration, the fact that it may change makes the arguments above invalid, and in practical tests le... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
One of the functions of a static map is to allow a traveler to decide upon a course of action suitable for getting from one point to another. In times of war, the terrain and the troops and weapons deployed upon it can be changed much more rapidly than cartographers can change their maps. A commander with Fingerspitzen... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In response to escalating textbook prices, limited competition, and to provide a more efficient system to connect buyers and sellers together, online textbook exchanges were developed. Most of today's sites handle buyer and seller payments, and usually deduct a small commission only after the sale is completed. Accordi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Their cost function was adaptive, in that the definition of the cost function depends on the computable approximation of the Δ 2 0 {\displaystyle \Delta _{2}^{0}} set being built. A cost function construction of a K-trivial computably enumerable noncomputable set first appeared in Downey et al.We say a Δ 2 0 {\displays... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
As noted below, Minsky (1967) hints at the problem for a RASP but doesn't offer a solution. Elgot and Robinson (1964) proved that their RASP model P0 – it has no indirection capability – cannot compute all "recursive sequential functions" (ones that have parameters of arbitrary length) if it does not have the capabilit... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Therefore, some would-be clients are not convinced that they are best-placed to assist in the area of integrity and ethical management, because their parent companies face reputational challenges themselves. Specialist integrity management consultancy helps business leaders not only to avoid business practices that rep... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The terminology is also applied to indirect measurements—that is, values obtained by a computational procedure from observed data. In addition to accuracy and precision, measurements may also have a measurement resolution, which is the smallest change in the underlying physical quantity that produces a response in the ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
It was the first randomized polynomial time PIT algorithm to be proven correct. The larger the domain the inputs are drawn from, the less likely Schwartz–Zippel is to fail. If random bits are in short supply, the Chen-Kao algorithm (over the rationals) or the Lewin-Vadhan algorithm (over any field) require fewer random... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematical modeling of social networks, link-centric preferential attachment is a node's propensity to re-establish links to nodes it has previously been in contact with in time-varying networks. This preferential attachment model relies on nodes keeping memory of previous neighbors up to the current time. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In multi-step jobs, a later step can use a referback instead of specifying in full a file which has already been specified in an earlier step. For example: Here, MYPR02 uses the file identified as NEWFILE in step MYPR01 (DSN means "dataset name" and specifies the name of the file; a DSN could not exceed 44 characters).... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics and statistics, sums of powers occur in a number of contexts: Sums of squares arise in many contexts. For example, in geometry, the Pythagorean theorem involves the sum of two squares; in number theory, there are Legendre's three-square theorem and Jacobi's four-square theorem; and in statistics, the ana... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
To distinguish these concepts, subtyping is sometimes referred to as interface inheritance (without acknowledging that the specialization of type variables also induces a subtyping relation), whereas inheritance as defined here is known as implementation inheritance or code inheritance. Still, inheritance is a commonly... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
For example, in the Python interactive REPL: However, relying on dynamic name resolution in code is discouraged by the Python community. The feature also may be removed in a later version of Python.Examples of languages that use static name resolution include C, C++, E, Erlang, Haskell, Java, Pascal, Scheme, and Smallt... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In perhaps the first use of substructural type theory to control resources, John C. Reynolds showed how to use an affine type theory to control aliasing and other forms of interference in Algol-like programming languages. O'Hearn used bunched type theory to extend Reynolds' system by allowing interference and non-inter... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics, summation is the addition of a sequence of any kind of numbers, called addends or summands; the result is their sum or total. Beside numbers, other types of values can be summed as well: functions, vectors, matrices, polynomials and, in general, elements of any type of mathematical objects on which an o... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
They also arise in algebraic number theory, due to the relation of the sequence to the roots of a polynomial; in the analysis of algorithms as the running time of simple recursive functions; and in formal language theory, where they count strings up to a given length in a regular language. Constant-recursive sequences ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In real-world exploits there are a variety of challenges which need to be overcome for exploits to operate reliably. These factors include null bytes in addresses, variability in the location of shellcode, differences between environments and various counter-measures in operation. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics, and in particular linear algebra, the Moore–Penrose inverse A + {\displaystyle A^{+}} of a matrix A {\displaystyle A} is the most widely known generalization of the inverse matrix. It was independently described by E. H. Moore in 1920, Arne Bjerhammar in 1951, and Roger Penrose in 1955. Earlier, Erik Iv... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In semantic parsing, statements in natural languages are converted into logical forms that represent their meanings. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Most phone companies sell phones from third-party manufacturers. A subscriber identity module (SIM card), which is activated by the operator once the billing relationship is established. After activation the card is then programmed with the subscriber's Mobile Subscriber Integrated Services Digital Network Number (MSIS... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
It is often more comfortable to use the notation x i = ( x i , x i − 1 , x i − 2 , . . . | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In social networks, a link between two players is formed only if both of them decide to do so, however either of them can make the decision to delete a link without the other player’s approval. The concept of Nash equilibrium has a drawback in this case since it does not take into consideration the fact that the player... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The term isomorphism is mainly used for algebraic structures. In this case, mappings are called homomorphisms, and a homomorphism is an isomorphism if and only if it is bijective. In various areas of mathematics, isomorphisms have received specialized names, depending on the type of structure under consideration. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In terms of the modular S-matrix, the fusion coefficients are given by N λ μ ν = ∑ σ S λ σ S μ σ S σ ν ∗ S 0 σ {\displaystyle N_{\lambda \mu }^{\nu }=\sum _{\sigma }{\frac {S_{\lambda \sigma }S_{\mu \sigma }S_{\sigma \nu }^{*}}{S_{0\sigma }}}} where S ∗ {\displaystyle S^{*}} is the component-wise complex conjugate of S... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
By using the theory of rapidly mixing Markov chains, they show that it takes a polynomial time for the random walk to settle down to being a nearly uniform distribution. By using rejection sampling, it is possible to compare the volumes of two convex bodies, one nested within another, when their volumes are within a sm... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The algorithm runs in strongly polynomial time if: the number of operations in the arithmetic model of computation is bounded by a polynomial in the number of integers in the input instance; and the space used by the algorithm is bounded by a polynomial in the size of the input.Any algorithm with these two properties c... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In some cases, the pieces allocated to the partners must satisfy some geometric constraints, in addition to being fair. The most common constraint is connectivity. In case the "cake" is a 1-dimensional interval, this translates to the requirement that each piece is also an interval. In case the cake is a 1-dimensional ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In some cases, instead of repeating digit sequences we find repeating digit patterns. For instance, the number f 3 ( 49 ) {\displaystyle {\sqrt {f_{3}(49)}}}: 1111111111111111111111111.1111111111111111111111111111111 01200 202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 11010102 00120012000012001200120012001200120012 0010 2... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
, and the restriction to monadic logic means that the graph property in question may be defined in terms of sets of vertices of the given graph, but not in terms of sets of edges, or sets of tuples of vertices. As an example, the property of a graph being colorable with three colors (represented by three sets of vertic... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the above example, vectors are represented as n × 1 matrices (column vectors), while covectors are represented as 1 × n matrices (row covectors). When using the column vector convention: "Upper indices go up to down; lower indices go left to right." "Covariant tensors are row vectors that have indices that are below... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the European Union, (advanced) electronic signatures on legal documents are commonly performed using digital signatures with accompanying identity certificates. However, only qualified electronic signatures (which require using a qualified trust service provider and signature creation device) are given the same powe... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the figure, we can see an example of two packets linearly combined into a new coded packet. In the example, we have two packets, namely packet f {\displaystyle f} and packet e {\displaystyle e} . The generation size of our example is two. We know this because each packet has two coding coefficients ( C i j {\display... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In terms of skills, software designers were expected to think out database structures in entity relationship models and functional decomposition models, then transform those models into database definitions and modules (the screens and reports). Software developers were then expected to elaborate the database definitio... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the 1990s and early 21st century, mainstream AI achieved commercial success and academic respectability by focusing on specific sub-problems where AI can produce verifiable results and commercial applications, such as artificial neural networks and statistical machine learning. These "applied AI" systems are now use... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In certain special cases it is convenient to use representations which transform almost like tensors, but with an additional, nonlinear factor in the transformation. A prototypical example is a matrix representing the cross product (area of spanned parallelogram) on R 2 . {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{2}.} | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
This allows the procedure to access the actual variable. As a result, the variable's actual value can be changed by the procedure to which it is passed. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, a retrial queue is a model of a system with finite capacity, where jobs which arrive and find the system busy wait for some time before trying again to enter the system. Examples of such systems include making restaurant reservations and pa... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In network science, a gradient network is a directed subnetwork of an undirected "substrate" network where each node has an associated scalar potential and one out-link that points to the node with the smallest (or largest) potential in its neighborhood, defined as the union of itself and its neighbors on the substrate... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In ordinal ranking, all items receive distinct ordinal numbers, including items that compare equal. The assignment of distinct ordinal numbers to items that compare equal can be done at random, or arbitrarily, but it is generally preferable to use a system that is arbitrary but consistent, as this gives stable results ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In numerical analysis, nested dissection is a divide and conquer heuristic for the solution of sparse symmetric systems of linear equations based on graph partitioning. Nested dissection was introduced by George (1973); the name was suggested by Garrett Birkhoff.Nested dissection consists of the following steps: Form a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In probability and statistics, an exponential family is a parametric set of probability distributions of a certain form, specified below. This special form is chosen for mathematical convenience, including the enabling of the user to calculate expectations, covariances using differentiation based on some useful algebra... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The ECL circuitry consumed huge amount of current at a very low voltage; the cabinets of the larger models contained extra rack space which held stacks of 400-amp power supplies, and heavy-gauge wiring leading to the backplane. In the mid-1990s, the RSX computer board featured RISC processing capabilities and high spee... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the 1973 article "Flowchart techniques for structured programming" presented at a 1973 SIGPLAN meeting Isaac Nassi and Shneiderman argued: With the advent of structured programming and GOTO-less programming a method is needed to model computation in simply ordered structures, each representing a complete thought pos... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
This is seen when comparing system messages (natural language-like statements in the user’s native language) vs. ‘binary’ storage dumps. Partial or full set of system state data: some tools collect a complete system state vs. a partial system state (user or partial ‘binary’ storage dump vs. complete system dump). Raw o... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In programming languages, name resolution is the resolution of the tokens within program expressions to the intended program components. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the first systematic study of astroturfing in the United States, Oxford Professor Philip N. Howard argued that the internet was making it much easier for powerful lobbyists and political movements to activate small groups of aggrieved citizens to have an exaggerated importance in public policy debates. Astroturfed a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics, a noncommutative unique factorization domain is a noncommutative ring with the unique factorization property. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
These have special analysis methods. In particular linear regression techniques are much more efficient than most non-linear techniques. The model can be deterministic or stochastic (i.e. containing random components) depending on its planned use. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In number theory, a pernicious number is a positive integer such that the Hamming weight of its binary representation is prime, that is, there is a prime number of 1s when it is written as a binary number. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In number theory, a provable prime is an integer that has been calculated to be prime using a primality-proving algorithm. Boot-strapping techniques using Pocklington primality test are the most common ways to generate provable primes for cryptography. Contrast with probable prime, which is likely (but not certain) to ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
.These formulas are equivalent for a quadratic function, but for nonlinear optimization the preferred formula is a matter of heuristics or taste. A popular choice is β = max { 0 , β P R } {\displaystyle \displaystyle \beta =\max\{0,\beta ^{PR}\}} , which provides a direction reset automatically.Algorithms based on Newt... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
To illustrate this property, we shall see what happens when n = 2 (i.e. we consider 3 interpolation nodes in which case the property is not trivial). One can check that each set of (zero-symmetric) nodes of type (−a, 0, a) is optimal when √8/3 ≤ a ≤ 1 (we consider only nodes in ). If we force the set of nodes to be of ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics, in graph theory, the Seidel adjacency matrix of a simple undirected graph G is a symmetric matrix with a row and column for each vertex, having 0 on the diagonal, −1 for positions whose rows and columns correspond to adjacent vertices, and +1 for positions corresponding to non-adjacent vertices. It is a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The closure of a subset is the result of a closure operator applied to the subset. The closure of a subset under some operations is the smallest superset that is closed under these operations. It is often called the span (for example linear span) or the generated set. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
: 38 Qualcomm further developed the CDMA techniques for commercial use and submitted them to the Cellular Telephone Industries Association (CTIA) in 1989 as an alternative to the time-division multiple access (TDMA) standard for second-generation cell-phone networks. : 49 A few months later, CTIA officially rejected Qu... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In scientific notation, numbers are written in the form x = a × 10 b {\displaystyle x=a\times 10^{b}} , where a {\displaystyle a} is the significand and 10 b {\displaystyle 10^{b}} is the exponential part. Addition requires two numbers in scientific notation to be represented using the same exponential part, so that th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Principally, and most correctly, it can be thought of as the logical design of the base data structures used to store the data. In the relational model these are the tables and views. In an object database the entities and relationships map directly to object classes and named relationships. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
As the tree is balanced, the path from one of the input arrays to the root contains only Θ(log k) elements. In total, there are n elements that need to be transferred. The resulting total running time is therefore in Θ(n log k). | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Historically, homographies (and projective spaces) have been introduced to study perspective and projections in Euclidean geometry, and the term homography, which, etymologically, roughly means "similar drawing", dates from this time. At the end of the 19th century, formal definitions of projective spaces were introduc... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
A further method for the derivation of a concept hierarchy exists in the usage of several patterns that should indicate a sub- or supersumption relationship. Patterns like “X, that is a Y” or “X is a Y” indicate that X is a subclass of Y. Such pattern can be analyzed efficiently, but they often occur too infrequently t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
(The expression "a mathematical function of person and item parameters" is analogous to Lewin's equation, B = f(P, E), which asserts that behavior is a function of the person in their environment.) The person parameter is construed as (usually) a single latent trait or dimension. Examples include general intelligence o... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the collection of these 18 problems Problem 13 is very special. In it there are 6 unknowns but only 5 equations and so Problem 13 is indeterminate and does not have a unique solution. This is the earliest known reference to a system of linear equations in which the number of unknowns exceeds the number of equations.... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
And also presume that these tests have identical sensitivity and specificity. In this situation one is carried away by these findings and presume that both the tests are equivalent. However this may not be the case. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In single-linkage clustering, the distance between two clusters is determined by a single pair of elements: those two elements (one in each cluster) that are closest to each other. The shortest of these pairwise distances that remain at any step causes the two clusters whose elements are involved to be merged. The meth... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Thus isomorphic structures cannot be distinguished from the point of view of structure only, and may be identified. In mathematical jargon, one says that two objects are the same up to an isomorphism.An automorphism is an isomorphism from a structure to itself. An isomorphism between two structures is a canonical isomo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In particle physics, the hypercharge (a portmanteau of hyperonic and charge) Y of a particle is a quantum number conserved under the strong interaction. The concept of hypercharge provides a single charge operator that accounts for properties of isospin, electric charge, and flavour. The hypercharge is useful to classi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In mathematics, the vertex enumeration problem for a polytope, a polyhedral cell complex, a hyperplane arrangement, or some other object of discrete geometry, is the problem of determination of the object's vertices given some formal representation of the object. A classical example is the problem of enumeration of the... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In network theory, collective classification is the simultaneous prediction of the labels for multiple objects, where each label is predicted using information about the object's observed features, the observed features and labels of its neighbors, and the unobserved labels of its neighbors. Collective classification p... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In static timing analysis, the word static alludes to the fact that this timing analysis is carried out in an input-independent manner, and purports to find the worst-case delay of the circuit over all possible input combinations. The computational efficiency (linear in the number of edges in the graph) of such an appr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The numeric processor also incorporated memory management and consequently employed virtual memory concepts. The memory subsystem implemented a 64 way interleaved 4-port memory. To ensure that there would be no "hot spots" within the memory system, the addresses to the memory were hashed to spread the accesses evenly a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the autumn of 1884, Károly Zipernowsky, Ottó Bláthy and Miksa Déri (ZBD), three engineers associated with the Ganz Works of Budapest, determined that open-core devices were impractical, as they were incapable of reliably regulating voltage. In their joint 1885 patent applications for novel transformers (later called... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
{\displaystyle f^{-}(x)=\max(-f(x),0)=-\min(f(x),0)={\begin{cases}-f(x)&{\mbox{ if }}f(x)<0\\0&{\mbox{ otherwise. }}\end{cases}}} Note that both f+ and f− are non-negative functions. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In order to support the machine translation service, a mobile device needs to be able to communicate with external computers (servers) that receive the user-input text/speech, translate it and send it back to the user. This is usually done via an Internet connection (WAP, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, Wi-Fi) but some earlier appli... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the event calculus, fluents are reified. This means that they are not formalized by means of predicates but by means of functions. A separate predicate HoldsAt is used to tell which fluents hold at a given time point. For example, H o l d s A t ( o n ( b o x , t a b l e ) , t ) {\displaystyle {\mathit {HoldsAt}}(on(... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
This makes the transmission system less susceptible to noise. Despite the fact that Stibitz described this code before Gray, the reflected binary code was later named after Gray by others who used it. Two different 1953 patent applications use "Gray code" as an alternative name for the "reflected binary code"; one of t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Define the amount of elements on the hypersphere S N d {\displaystyle S_{N}^{d}} within the neighborhood M N n {\displaystyle M_{N}^{n}} as E {\displaystyle E} . For a given q → {\displaystyle {\vec {q}}} , E {\displaystyle E} will be equal to the amount of permutations of q → {\displaystyle {\vec {q}}} multiplied by t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In statistics, the bootstrap error-adjusted single-sample technique (BEST or the BEAST) is a non-parametric method that is intended to allow an assessment to be made of the validity of a single sample. It is based on estimating a probability distribution representing what can be expected from valid samples. This is don... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the base ten (decimal) number system, integer powers of 10 are written as the digit 1 followed or preceded by a number of zeroes determined by the sign and magnitude of the exponent. For example, 103 = 1000 and 10−4 = 0.0001. Exponentiation with base 10 is used in scientific notation to denote large or small numbers... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the century from 1832 to Noether's death in 1935, the field of mathematics – specifically algebra – underwent a profound revolution, whose reverberations are still being felt. Mathematicians of previous centuries had worked on practical methods for solving specific types of equations, e.g., cubic, quartic, and quint... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
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