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Question: "What is the Interstate number of the short road that makes a branch from a longer, more important road?" Context: "Interstate 40 crosses the state in a west-east orientation. Its branch interstate highways include I-240 in Memphis; I-440 in Nashville; I-140 from Knoxville to Alcoa and I-640 in Knoxville. I-26, although technically an east-west interstate, runs from the North Carolina border below Johnson City to its terminus at Kingsport. I-24 is an east-west interstate that runs cross-state from Chattanooga to Clarksville. In a north-south orientation are highways I-55, I-65, I-75, and I-81. Interstate 65 crosses the state through Nashville, while Interstate 75 serves Chattanooga and Knoxville and Interstate 55 serves Memphis. Interstate 81 enters the state at Bristol and terminates at its junction with I-40 near Dandridge. I-155 is a branch highway from I-55. The only spur highway of I-75 in Tennessee is I-275, which is in Knoxville. When completed, I-69 will travel through the western part of the state, from South Fulton to Memphis. A branch interstate, I-269 also exists from Millington to Collierville." Answer:
The answer to this question is:
|
275
|
adversarial_qa_dbert_question_context_answer
|
P3
|
zs_opt
| 7
|
train
|
Please answer the following question: Question: "When was an aircraft carrier sunk?" Context: "The aircraft carrier dramatically changed naval combat in World War II, because air power was becoming a significant factor in warfare. The advent of aircraft as focal weapons was driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-launched aircraft. They had higher range and precision than naval guns, making them highly effective. The versatility of the carrier was demonstrated in November 1940 when HMS Illustrious launched a long-range strike on the Italian fleet at their base in Taranto, signalling the beginning of the effective and highly mobile aircraft strikes. This operation incapacitated three of the six battleships at a cost of two torpedo bombers. World War II in the Pacific Ocean involved clashes between aircraft carrier fleets. The 1941 Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor was a clear illustration of the power projection capability afforded by a large force of modern carriers. Concentrating six carriers in a single unit turned naval history about, as no other nation had fielded anything comparable. However, the vulnerability of carriers compared to traditional battleships when forced into a gun-range encounter was quickly illustrated by the sinking of HMS Glorious by German battleships during the Norwegian campaign in 1940." Answer:
Answer:
|
1940
|
adversarial_qa_dbert_question_context_answer
|
P3
|
zs_noopt
| 9
|
train
|
Question: "What is not able to produce cross-species offspring?" Context: "Species boundaries in plants may be weaker than in animals, and cross species hybrids are often possible. A familiar example is peppermint, Mentha × piperita, a sterile hybrid between Mentha aquatica and spearmint, Mentha spicata. The many cultivated varieties of wheat are the result of multiple inter- and intra-specific crosses between wild species and their hybrids. Angiosperms with monoecious flowers often have self-incompatibility mechanisms that operate between the pollen and stigma so that the pollen either fails to reach the stigma or fails to germinate and produce male gametes. This is one of several methods used by plants to promote outcrossing. In many land plants the male and female gametes are produced by separate individuals. These species are said to be dioecious when referring to vascular plant sporophytes and dioicous when referring to bryophyte gametophytes." Answer:
A:
|
animals
|
adversarial_qa_dbert_question_context_answer
|
P3
|
zs_noopt
| 2
|
train
|
Please answer the following question: Question: "What was the 5 point plan designed to enable" Context: "On 16 April 1973, Gaddafi proclaimed the start of a "Popular Revolution" in a Zuwarah speech. He initiated this with a 5-point plan, the first point of which dissolved all existing laws, to be replaced by revolutionary enactments. The second point proclaimed that all opponents of the revolution had to be removed, while the third initiated an administrative revolution that Gaddafi proclaimed would remove all traces of bureaucracy and the bourgeoisie. The fourth point announced that the population must form People's Committees and be armed to defend the revolution, while the fifth proclaimed the beginning of a cultural revolution to expunge Libya of "poisonous" foreign influences. He began to lecture on this new phase of the revolution in Libya, Egypt, and France." Answer:
A:
|
a "Popular Revolution"
|
adversarial_qa_dbert_question_context_answer
|
P3
|
zs_noopt
| 8
|
train
|
[Q]: Question: "How do you pronounce ASCII?" Context: "ASCII (i/ˈæski/ ASS-kee), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character-encoding scheme (the IANA prefers the name US-ASCII). ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text. Most modern character-encoding schemes are based on ASCII, though they support many additional characters. ASCII was the most common character encoding on the World Wide Web until December 2007, when it was surpassed by UTF-8, which is fully backward compatibe to ASCII." Answer:
****
[A]: i/ˈæski/ ASS-kee
[Q]: Question: "What was the problem with FireWire?" Context: "The third generation began including a 30-pin dock connector, allowing for FireWire or USB connectivity. This provided better compatibility with non-Apple machines, as most of them did not have FireWire ports at the time. Eventually Apple began shipping iPods with USB cables instead of FireWire, although the latter was available separately. As of the first-generation iPod Nano and the fifth-generation iPod Classic, Apple discontinued using FireWire for data transfer (while still allowing for use of FireWire to charge the device) in an attempt to reduce cost and form factor. As of the second-generation iPod Touch and the fourth-generation iPod Nano, FireWire charging ability has been removed. The second-, third-, and fourth-generation iPod Shuffle uses a single 3.5 mm minijack phone connector which acts as both a headphone jack and a data port for the dock." Answer:
****
[A]: compatibility with non-Apple machines
[Q]: Question: "What was the issue at hand?" Context: "Idris' government was increasingly unpopular by the latter 1960s; it had exacerbated Libya's traditional regional and tribal divisions by centralising the country's federal system in order to take advantage of the country's oil wealth, while corruption and entrenched systems of patronage were widespread throughout the oil industry. Arab nationalism was increasingly popular, and protests flared up following Egypt's 1967 defeat in the Six-Day War with Israel; allied to the western powers, Idris' administration was seen as pro-Israeli. Anti-western riots broke out in Tripoli and Benghazi, while Libyan workers shut down oil terminals in solidarity with Egypt. By 1969, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency was expecting segments of Libya's armed forces to launch a coup. Although claims have been made that they knew of Gaddafi's Free Officers Movement, they have since claimed ignorance, stating that they were monitoring Abdul Aziz Shalhi's Black Boots revolutionary group." Answer:
****
[A]: it had exacerbated Libya's traditional regional and tribal divisions by centralising the country's federal system in order to take advantage of the country's oil wealth, while corruption and entrenched systems of patronage were widespread throughout the oil industry
[Q]: Question: "Why would it be hard to find a farmer here?" Context: "Valencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves." Answer:
****
[A]:
|
Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population
|
adversarial_qa_dbert_question_context_answer
|
P3
|
fs_opt
| 4
|
train
|
Question: "What is one thing the United States makes?" Context: "The pulp papermaking process is said to have been developed in China during the early 2nd century AD, possibly as early as the year 105 A.D., by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from the 2nd century BC in China. The modern pulp and paper industry is global, with China leading its production and the United States right behind it." Answer:
A:
|
paper
|
adversarial_qa_dbert_question_context_answer
|
P3
|
zs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
Question: Question: "What money did Bermuda used to use?" Context: "In 1970 the country switched its currency from the Bermudian pound to the Bermudian dollar, which is pegged at par with the US dollar. US notes and coins are used interchangeably with Bermudian notes and coins within the islands for most practical purposes; however, banks levy an exchange rate fee for the purchase of US dollars with Bermudian dollars. Bermudian notes carry the image of Queen Elizabeth II. The Bermuda Monetary Authority is the issuing authority for all banknotes and coins, and regulates financial institutions. The Royal Naval Dockyard Museum holds a permanent exhibition of Bermuda notes and coins." Answer:
Answer:
|
pound
|
adversarial_qa_dbert_question_context_answer
|
P3
|
zs_noopt
| 4
|
train
|
Please answer the following question: Question: "who gets to receive information about candidates at the end?" Context: "The independence of the ECB is instrumental in maintaining price stability. Not only must the bank not seek influence, but EU institutions and national governments are bound by the treaties to respect the ECB's independence. To offer some accountability, the ECB is bound to publish reports on its activities and has to address its annual report to the European Parliament, the European Commission, the Council of the European Union and the European Council. The European Parliament also gets to question and then issue its opinion on candidates to the executive board." Answer:
A:
|
executive board
|
adversarial_qa_dbert_question_context_answer
|
P3
|
zs_noopt
| 8
|
train
|
Problem: Question: "Where did Zhuge Liang go?" Context: "Following the fall of Wu and the turmoil of the Wu Hu uprising against the Jin dynasty (265–420), most of elite Chinese families had collaborated with the non-Chinese rulers and military conquerors in the north. Some may have lost social privilege, and took refugee in areas south to Yangtze River. Some of the Chinese refugees from north China might have resided in areas near Hangzhou. For example, the clan of Zhuge Liang (181–234), a chancellor of the state of Shu Han from Central Plain in north China during the Three Kingdoms period, gathered together at the suburb of Hangzhou, forming an exclusive, closed village Zhuge Village (Zhege Cun), consisting of villagers all with family name "Zhuge". The village has intentionally isolated itself from the surrounding communities for centuries to this day, and only recently came to be known in public. It suggests that a small number of powerful, elite Chinese refugees from the Central Plain might have taken refugee in south of the Yangtze River. However, considering the mountainous geography and relative lack of agrarian lands in Zhejiang, most of these refugees might have resided in some areas in south China beyond Zhejiang, where fertile agrarian lands and metropolitan resources were available, mainly north Jiangsu, west Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Anhui,and provinces where less cohesive, organized regional governments had been in place. Metropolitan areas of Sichuan was another hub for refugees, given that the state of Shu had long been founded and ruled by political and military elites from the Central Plain and north China. Some refugees from the north China might have found residence in south China depending on their social status and military power in the north. The rump Jin state or the Southern Dynasties vied against some elite Chinese from the Central Plain and south of the Yangtze River." Answer:
A: suburb of Hangzhou
Problem: Given the question: Question: "Which is not a last name, Vorosholov or Poland?" Context: "The day after the Pact was signed, the French and British military negotiation delegation urgently requested a meeting with Soviet military negotiator Kliment Voroshilov. On August 25, Voroshilov told them "[i]n view of the changed political situation, no useful purpose can be served in continuing the conversation." That day, Hitler told the British ambassador to Berlin that the pact with the Soviets prevented Germany from facing a two front war, changing the strategic situation from that in World War I, and that Britain should accept his demands regarding Poland." Answer:
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The answer is:
Poland
input question: Question: "When the US said Panama's government was corrupt, what was the US doing?" Context: "The United States accused Manuel Noriega's government in Panama of being a "narcokleptocracy", a corrupt government profiting on illegal drug trade. Later the U.S. invaded Panama and captured Noriega." Answer:???
output answer: accused
Question: "Which English word is the same in both German and Low German?" Context: "Voicing of pre-vocalic initial voiceless alveolar fricatives occurs, although less in Dutch than in German (Du zeven, Germ sieben [z] vs. Eng seven and LG seven [s]), and also the shift in /θ/ > /d/. Dutch shares only with Low German the development of /xs/ > /ss/ (Du vossen, ossen and LG Vösse, Ossen vs. Germ Füchse, Ochsen and Eng foxes, oxen), and also the development of /ft/ → /xt/ though it is far more common in Dutch (Du zacht and LG sacht vs. Germ sanft and Eng soft, but Du kracht vs. LG/Germ kraft and Eng cognate craft)." Answer:
----
Answer: kraft
Q: Question: "__ culture was influenced by Ancient Greek culture" Context: "The Romans are known for the great number of deities they honored, a capacity that earned the mockery of early Christian polemicists. The presence of Greeks on the Italian peninsula from the beginning of the historical period influenced Roman culture, introducing some religious practices that became as fundamental as the cult of Apollo. The Romans looked for common ground between their major gods and those of the Greeks (interpretatio graeca), adapting Greek myths and iconography for Latin literature and Roman art. Etruscan religion was also a major influence, particularly on the practice of augury." Answer:
A: Etruscan
[Q]: Question: "Where can you find significant enclaves of these people?" Context: "Although sizable Orthodox Jewish communities are located throughout the United States, many American Orthodox Jews live in New York State, particularly in the New York City Metropolitan Area. Two of the main Orthodox communities in the United States are located in New York City and Rockland County. In New York City, the neighborhoods of Borough Park, Midwood, Williamsburg, and Crown Heights, located in the borough of Brooklyn, have particularly large Orthodox communities. The most rapidly growing community of American Orthodox Jews is located in Rockland County and the Hudson Valley of New York, including the communities of Monsey, Monroe, New Square, and Kiryas Joel. There are also sizable and rapidly growing Orthodox communities throughout New Jersey, particularly in Lakewood, Teaneck, Englewood, Passaic, and Fair Lawn." Answer:
****
[A]:
|
Two of the main Orthodox communities in the United States are located in New York City and Rockland County. In New York City, the neighborhoods of Borough Park, Midwood, Williamsburg, and Crown Heights, located in the borough of Brooklyn, have particularly large Orthodox communities
|
adversarial_qa_dbert_question_context_answer
|
P3
|
fs_opt
| 3
|
test
|
Please answer this: Question: "What two ideas emerged after Britain and France broke wartime promises?" Context: "After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took over the Hijaz, and regimes led by army officers came to power in Iran and Turkey. "[B]oth illiberal currents of the modern Middle East," writes de Bellaigne, "Islamism and militarism, received a major impetus from Western empire-builders." As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to yield to retrograde currents." Answer:
++++++++
Answer: Islamism and militarism
Problem: Question: "When did the Laramide orogeny finish?" Context: "In many ways, the Paleocene continued processes that had begun during the late Cretaceous Period. During the Paleocene, the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. Supercontinent Laurasia had not yet separated into three continents. Europe and Greenland were still connected. North America and Asia were still intermittently joined by a land bridge, while Greenland and North America were beginning to separate. The Laramide orogeny of the late Cretaceous continued to uplift the Rocky Mountains in the American west, which ended in the succeeding epoch. South and North America remained separated by equatorial seas (they joined during the Neogene); the components of the former southern supercontinent Gondwana continued to split apart, with Africa, South America, Antarctica and Australia pulling away from each other. Africa was heading north toward Europe, slowly closing the Tethys Ocean, and India began its migration to Asia that would lead to a tectonic collision and the formation of the Himalayas." Answer:
A: the Paleocene
Problem: Given the question: Question: "What caused laser rot?" Context: "Many early LDs were not manufactured properly; sometimes a substandard adhesive was used to sandwich together the two sides of the disc.[citation needed] The adhesive contained impurities that were able to penetrate the lacquer seal layer and chemically attack the metalized reflective aluminium layer, causing it to oxidize and lose its reflective characteristics. This was a problem that was termed "laser rot" among LD enthusiasts, also called "color flash" internally by LaserDisc-pressing plants. Some forms of laser rot could appear as black spots that looked like mold or burned plastic which cause the disc to skip and the movie to exhibit excessive speckling noise. But, for the most part, rotted discs could actually appear perfectly fine to the naked eye." Answer:
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The answer is:
substandard adhesive
input question: Question: "What title did they win?" Context: "Barça beat Athletic Bilbao 4–1 in the 2009 Copa del Rey Final, winning the competition for a record-breaking 25th time. A historic 2–6 victory against Real Madrid followed three days later and ensured that Barcelona became La Liga champions for the 2008–09 season. Barça finished the season by beating the previous year's Champions League winners Manchester United 2–0 at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome to win their third Champions League title and completed the first ever treble won by a Spanish team. The team went on to win the 2009 Supercopa de España against Athletic Bilbao and the 2009 UEFA Super Cup against Shakhtar Donetsk, becoming the first European club to win both domestic and European Super Cups following a treble. In December 2009, Barcelona won the 2009 FIFA Club World Cup, and became the first football club ever to accomplish the sextuple. Barcelona accomplished two new records in Spanish football in 2010 as they retained the La Liga trophy with 99 points and won the Spanish Super Cup trophy for a ninth time." Answer:???
output answer: La Liga champions for the 2008–09 season
Question: "Which letter is mentioned by itself in both Eastern Catalan and Alguerese?" Context: "In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a]." Answer:
----
Answer: [ə]
Q: Question: "Who didn't win the charity replay?" Context: "After being rendered obsolete by the redesign, the 1895 replica was presented in 1910 to the FA's long-serving president Lord Kinnaird. Kinnaird died in 1923, and his family kept it in their possession, out of view, until putting it up for auction in 2005. It was duly sold at Christie's auction house on 19 May 2005 for £420,000 (£478,400 including auction fees and taxes). The sale price set a new world record for a piece of football memorabilia, surpassing the £254,000 paid for the Jules Rimet World Cup Trophy in 1997. The successful bidder was David Gold, the then joint chairman of Birmingham City; claiming the FA and government were doing nothing proactive to ensure the trophy remained in the country, Gold stated his purchase was motivated by wanting to save it for the nation. Accordingly, Gold presented the trophy to the National Football Museum in Preston on 20 April 2006, where it went on immediate public display. It later moved with the museum to its new location in Manchester. In November 2012, it was ceremonially presented to Royal Engineers, after they beat Wanderers 7–1 in a charity replay of the first FA Cup final." Answer:
A:
|
Wanderers
|
adversarial_qa_dbert_question_context_answer
|
P3
|
fs_opt
| 1
|
validation
|
In this task, you will be presented with a premise and a hypothesis sentence. Determine whether the hypothesis sentence entails (implies), contradicts (opposes), or is neutral with respect to the given premise sentence. Please answer with "Contradiction", "Neutral", or "Entailment".
[EX Q]: Premise: Eleftheria Arvanitaki (Greek: Ελευθερία Αρβανιτάκη) (born October 17, 1957 in Piraeus) is a Greek folk singer. She originates from the island of Icaria. Arvanitaki has worked with important musicians, such as Cesária Évora, Arto Tunçboyacıyan, Ara Dinkjian. On 14 March 2010, Alpha TV ranked her the sixth top-certified female artist in the nation's phonographic era (since 1960). <sep> Hypothesis: There were six female artists that ranked higher than Eleftheria Arvanitaki on Alpha TV's top-certified female artist list.
[EX A]: Contradiction
[EX Q]: Premise: The Dream Synopsis EP is an extended play by The Last Shadow Puppets, released on 2 December 2016. It contains re-recordings of two songs from the band's second album, "Everything You've Come to Expect", as well as four cover versions that the band played during their 2016 tour. It was the final release of the band's second period of activity. <sep> Hypothesis: The Dream Synopsis was released after 2015
[EX A]: Entailment
[EX Q]: Premise: Alexander Aleksandrovich Alyabyev (Russian: Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Аля́бьев ; 15 August [O.S. 4 August] 1787 6 March [O.S. 22 February] 1851 ), also rendered as Alabiev or Alabieff, was a Russian composer known as one of the fathers of the Russian art song. He wrote seven operas, twenty musical comedies, a symphony, three string quartets, more than 200 songs, and many other pieces. <sep> Hypothesis: Alabiev lived to be more than 200 years old.
[EX A]:
|
Contradiction
|
task1385_anli_r1_entailment
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 6
|
train
|
Definition: In this task, you will be presented with a premise and a hypothesis sentence. Determine whether the hypothesis sentence entails (implies), contradicts (opposes), or is neutral with respect to the given premise sentence. Please answer with "Contradiction", "Neutral", or "Entailment".
Input: Premise: Paradise Lost is a 2011 Chinese teen sex comedy film and the sequel to the film "Pubescence" and the second film in the "Pubescence" film series. It was directed and written by Guan Xiaojie, starring Zhao Yihuan and Wang Yi. It was released in China on Singles Day. <sep> Hypothesis: Pubescence was directed by Guan Xiaojie as well
Output:
|
Neutral
|
task1385_anli_r1_entailment
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
In this task, you will be presented with a premise and a hypothesis sentence. Determine whether the hypothesis sentence entails (implies), contradicts (opposes), or is neutral with respect to the given premise sentence. Please answer with "Contradiction", "Neutral", or "Entailment".
[Q]: Premise: Ancud (] ) is a city in southern Chile located in the northernmost part of the island and province of Chiloé, in Los Lagos Region. It is the second largest city of Chiloé Archipelago after Castro. The city was established in 1768 to function as the capital of the archipelago and held that position until 1982. <sep> Hypothesis: Castro is the largest city in Chile
[A]: Entailment
[Q]: Premise: The Second Jungle Book: Mowgli & Baloo is a 1997 American adventure film starring Jamie Williams as Mowgli, with Roddy McDowall and Billy Campbell in supporting roles. It is a live action adaptation of Rudyard Kipling's "The Jungle Book" (not based on "The Second Jungle Book", as its title would suggest). The film was adapted for the screen by Bayard Johnson and Matthew Horton. <sep> Hypothesis: Roddy McDowall was the star that played Mowgli.
[A]: Contradiction
[Q]: Premise: Kota Ramakrishna Karanth (born May 1, 1894) was an Indian lawyer and politician who served as the Minister of Land Revenue for the Madras Presidency from March 1, 1946 to March 23, 1947. He was the elder brother of noted Kannada novelist K. Shivarama Karanth. <sep> Hypothesis: Kota Ramakrishna Karanth has a brother who was a novelist and a politician
[A]:
|
Neutral
|
task1385_anli_r1_entailment
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you will be presented with a premise and a hypothesis sentence. Determine whether the hypothesis sentence entails (implies), contradicts (opposes), or is neutral with respect to the given premise sentence. Please answer with "Contradiction", "Neutral", or "Entailment".
Premise: Operation Damocles was a covert campaign of the Israeli Mossad in August 1962 targeting German scientists and technicians, formerly employed in Nazi Germany's rocket program, who were developing rockets for Egypt at a military site known as Factory 333. According to Otto Joklik, an Austrian scientist involved with the project, the rockets being developed were programmed to use a radioactive waste. <sep> Hypothesis: Operation Damocles took place in the summer.
|
Entailment
|
task1385_anli_r1_entailment
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
In this task, you will be presented with a premise and a hypothesis sentence. Determine whether the hypothesis sentence entails (implies), contradicts (opposes), or is neutral with respect to the given premise sentence. Please answer with "Contradiction", "Neutral", or "Entailment".
Premise: Karaliaus Mindaugo taurė (English: King Mindaugas Cup) is an annual basketball competition of Lithuanian basketball teams. It is organised by the Lithuanian Basketball Federation (Lietuvos krepšinio federacija – LKF) and the Lithuanian Basketball League (Lietuvos krepšinio lyga – LKL). The tournament is named in honor of Mindaugas, the first King of Lithuania. <sep> Hypothesis: Karaliaus Mindaugo taurė is played in several countries ot her than Lithuanian and is popular in Asian countries
Neutral
Premise: Edward C. Rochette (born February 17, 1927) has devoted nearly all of his adult life in service to the American Numismatic Association. His first exposure to the ANA was as an editor of "The Numismatist" in 1966. Later, he would spend most of his 20 years as executive vice president. In 1987 he was elected to the ANA Board of Governors, and would serve as its president from 1991 to 1993. <sep> Hypothesis: Edward C. Rochette ran for mayor.
Neutral
Premise: Don 2 is the soundtrack album composed by the trio Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy to the film of the same name directed by Farhan Akhtar starring Shahrukh Khan, Priyanka Chopra, Boman Irani, Om Puri, Lara Dutta and Kunal Kapoor. The album features nine tracks, and was released on 17 November 2011 by T-Series. <sep> Hypothesis: Don 2 is the soundtrack album composed by the duo Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy to the film of the same name directed by Farhan Akhtar starring Shahrukh Khan, Priyanka Chopra, Boman Irani, Om Puri, Lara Dutta and Kunal Kapoor.
|
Contradiction
|
task1385_anli_r1_entailment
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 0
|
train
|
Teacher:In this task, you will be presented with a premise and a hypothesis sentence. Determine whether the hypothesis sentence entails (implies), contradicts (opposes), or is neutral with respect to the given premise sentence. Please answer with "Contradiction", "Neutral", or "Entailment".
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Premise: North Lincolnshire is a unitary authority area in the region of Yorkshire and the Humber in England. The population of the Unitary Authority at the 2011 census was 167,446. For ceremonial purposes it is part of Lincolnshire. There are three significant towns: Scunthorpe (the administrative centre), Brigg and Barton-upon-Humber. <sep> Hypothesis: There is only one administrative centre
Student:
|
Entailment
|
task1385_anli_r1_entailment
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 6
|
train
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you will be presented with a premise and a hypothesis sentence. Determine whether the hypothesis sentence entails (implies), contradicts (opposes), or is neutral with respect to the given premise sentence. Please answer with "Contradiction", "Neutral", or "Entailment".
Premise: The Invisible Woman (Susan "Sue" Storm-Richards), previously known as the Invisible Girl, is a fictional superheroine appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is a founding member of the Fantastic Four and was the first female superhero created by Marvel during the Silver Age of Comics. <sep> Hypothesis: Silver Surfer was a founding member of the Fantastic Four.
|
Neutral
|
task1385_anli_r1_entailment
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
In this task, you will be presented with a premise and a hypothesis sentence. Determine whether the hypothesis sentence entails (implies), contradicts (opposes), or is neutral with respect to the given premise sentence. Please answer with "Contradiction", "Neutral", or "Entailment".
Example input: Premise: Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13 (published in paperback as Apollo 13), is a non-fiction book first published in 1994 by astronaut James Lovell and journalist Jeffrey Kluger, about the failed April 1970 Apollo 13 lunar landing mission which Lovell commanded. The book is the basis of the 1995 film adaptation "Apollo 13", directed by Ron Howard. <sep> Hypothesis: the book wouldnt have happened if we didnt try to go into space
Example output: Entailment
Example explanation: This is a good example, the book wouldnt have happened if we didnt try to go into space. The hypothesis sentence entails the given premise.
Q: Premise: We Have Always Lived in the Castle is an upcoming American mystery thriller film directed by Stacie Passon and written by Passon and Mark Kruger, based on the 1962 novel of the same name by Shirley Jackson. The film stars Taissa Farmiga, Alexandra Daddario, Crispin Glover, and Sebastian Stan. <sep> Hypothesis: We Have Always Lived in the Castle came out in 2018.
A:
|
Contradiction
|
task1385_anli_r1_entailment
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 3
|
train
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Teacher:In this task, you will be presented with a premise and a hypothesis sentence. Determine whether the hypothesis sentence entails (implies), contradicts (opposes), or is neutral with respect to the given premise sentence. Please answer with "Contradiction", "Neutral", or "Entailment".
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: Premise: Kōbō Abe (安部 公房 , "Abe Kōbō" ) , pseudonym of Kimifusa Abe (安部 公房 , "Abe Kimifusa" , March 7, 1924 – January 22, 1993) , was a Japanese writer, playwright, photographer and inventor. Abe has been often compared to Franz Kafka and Alberto Moravia for his modernist sensibilities and his surreal, often nightmarish explorations of individuals in contemporary society. <sep> Hypothesis: Abe Kimifusa was also an inventor.
Student:
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Entailment
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task1385_anli_r1_entailment
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NIv2
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zs_opt
| 6
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test
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In this task, you will be presented with a premise and a hypothesis sentence. Determine whether the hypothesis sentence entails (implies), contradicts (opposes), or is neutral with respect to the given premise sentence. Please answer with "Contradiction", "Neutral", or "Entailment".
One example: Premise: Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13 (published in paperback as Apollo 13), is a non-fiction book first published in 1994 by astronaut James Lovell and journalist Jeffrey Kluger, about the failed April 1970 Apollo 13 lunar landing mission which Lovell commanded. The book is the basis of the 1995 film adaptation "Apollo 13", directed by Ron Howard. <sep> Hypothesis: the book wouldnt have happened if we didnt try to go into space
Solution is here: Entailment
Explanation: This is a good example, the book wouldnt have happened if we didnt try to go into space. The hypothesis sentence entails the given premise.
Now, solve this: Premise: The Individualism of Gil Evans is an album by pianist, conductor, arranger and composer Gil Evans originally released on the Verve label in 1964. It features Evans' big band arrangements of five original compositions (two cowritten with Miles Davis) and compositions by Kurt Weill, Bob Dorough, John Lewis and Willie Dixon. Tracks 1, 6, 7, 8 & 9 first appeared on the CD version of the album. <sep> Hypothesis: Miles Davis co-wrote five original compositions on The Individualism of Gil Evans.
Solution:
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Contradiction
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task1385_anli_r1_entailment
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NIv2
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fs_opt
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validation
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(Q).
John stumbled in the dark trying to find a lamp, but there wasn't one nearby. It was late and everything was dark. The entire what was pitch black. A. country B. bedroom C. building D. store E. desktop The best answer is
(A).
C
(Q).
Where can one find multiple closets? A. hotel B. apartment building C. bedroom D. school E. house The best answer is
(A).
E
(Q).
What dirty method of getting from one place to another in large cities may not allow you to see daylight? A. ground B. subway C. over bridge D. street E. race track The best answer is
(A).
|
B
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cos_e_v1_11_question_option_description_id
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P3
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fs_opt
| 8
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train
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Answer the following question: John wanted to meet interesting people, but he always drove them away. He felt that he needed to be more what? A. understand themselves B. socialize C. take class D. explore E. friendly The best answer is
Answer:
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E
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cos_e_v1_11_question_option_description_id
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P3
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zs_opt
| 5
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train
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Where do you put a bowl after it is used? A. cupboard B. restaurant C. cabinet D. trash E. dishwasher The best answer is
E
He expected high quality for the money he spent, but the chair fell apart from what? A. bad taste B. crummy C. cheap D. medium E. poor workmanship The best answer is
E
The group was great at communicating, their quality worked showed how well their what went? A. progress B. collaboration C. static D. coup E. confusion The best answer is
B
He fantasied about getting a what while driving to work and the pros and cons of the extra responsibilities and benefits? A. new car B. promotion C. boredom D. impatience E. pressure The best answer is
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B
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cos_e_v1_11_question_option_description_id
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P3
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fs_opt
| 0
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train
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Given the question: If a person celebrates by drinking too much, what is a likely consequence? A. drinking B. becoming tired C. hangovers D. big head E. being happy The best answer is
The answer is:
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C
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cos_e_v1_11_question_option_description_id
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P3
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zs_noopt
| 6
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train
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What will happen if you are successful when committing suicide? A. scars B. being born C. sorrow D. misery E. kill yourself The best answer is
E
How much money should we print if we want to fight inflation? A. happiness B. sense of accomplishment C. not very much D. dissatisfaction E. saving money The best answer is
C
His addiction to drugs had affected many aspects of his life, his relationships had suffered the most what? A. damage B. cause accidents C. cause illness D. pain E. lower i.q The best answer is
A
What does someone gain from getting divorce? A. poorer B. sadness C. depression D. tears E. freedom The best answer is
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E
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cos_e_v1_11_question_option_description_id
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P3
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fs_opt
| 0
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train
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Please answer the following question: After stopping being married to a person you no longer love, what emotion may you experience? A. depression B. grief C. relief D. anger E. wrong The best answer is
A:
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C
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cos_e_v1_11_question_option_description_id
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P3
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zs_noopt
| 8
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train
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Where would you buy alcohol from a person who will also bring things to eat? A. chemistry lab B. party C. restaurants D. supermarket E. pub The best answer is
C
(Question)
What is the opposite of remembering? A. answering question B. stopping to think C. knowing D. closing eyes E. forgetting The best answer is
(Answer)
E
Ques: This will take a long time without an electric motor, where can I find one? A. electric mixer B. electric hammer C. electrabus D. electric typewriter E. drum sander The best answer is
Ans: A
(Q).
What kind of activity is making bread? A. pride B. mess C. gratifying D. allergic reactions E. adept The best answer is
(A).
C
Ques:Where could a human run to hide if someone was chasing them in the midwest? A. cornfield B. workplace C. restroom D. star trek E. space The best answer is
Ans:A
Question: The text made no sense, it was just a random what? A. sequence of words B. book C. hatred D. fade E. analyzing The best answer is
Answer:
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A
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cos_e_v1_11_question_option_description_id
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P3
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fs_opt
| 3
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train
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Please answer the following question: The man needed a toothbrush and some food, where did he go? A. drug store B. mouth C. dentist office D. he went to the attic E. grocery store The best answer is
A:
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E
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cos_e_v1_11_question_option_description_id
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P3
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zs_noopt
| 8
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train
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Answer the following question: Where would you find a spare pillowcase in a house? A. bedroom B. linen closet C. coverning pillow D. bathroom E. linen cupboard The best answer is
Answer:
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B
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cos_e_v1_11_question_option_description_id
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P3
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zs_opt
| 5
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test
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He was going to be working from home, he began to install the program on his what? A. speaker B. television C. theater D. opera E. computer The best answer is
E
A large container was a dime a dozen, there were hundreds of rows of them in the giant what? A. factory B. garden C. supermarket D. garage E. warehouse The best answer is
E
Q: Greg wasn't interested in academics or history, so when he was visiting the museum with his class he was crushed by what feeling? A. inspiration B. itchiness C. enjoyment D. boredom E. sore feet The best answer is
A: D
Question: Where are gallons of beer held in one container? A. outside B. friend's house C. neighbor's house D. keg E. refrigerator The best answer is
Answer: D
*Question*
James raised the stairs, but john wanted to get up too. What did James have to do to the stairs? A. lower B. push down C. demotion D. pay cut E. repair The best answer is
**Answer**
A
(Question)
What would you do to numbers that are positive integers to get a result that is orders of magnitude larger? A. written down B. divided C. added up D. multiplied E. get headache The best answer is
(Answer)
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D
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cos_e_v1_11_question_option_description_id
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P3
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fs_opt
| 6
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validation
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Question: Given the below context: Rachmaninoff's choral symphony The Bells reflected the four-part progression from youth to marriage, maturity, and death in Poe's poem. Britten reversed the pattern for his Spring Symphony—the four sections of the symphony represent, in its composer's words, "the progress of Winter to Spring and the reawakening of the earth and life which that means.... It is in the traditional four movement shape of a symphony, but with the movements divided into shorter sections bound together by a similar mood or point of view."The gestation of Shostakovich's Thirteenth Symphony, Babi Yar, was only slightly less straightforward. He set the poem Babi Yar by Yevgeny Yevtushenko almost immediately upon reading it, initially considering it a single-movement composition. Discovering three other Yevtushenko poems in the poet's collection Vzmakh ruki (A Wave of the Hand) prompted him to proceed to a full-length choral symphony, with "A Career" as the closing movement. Musicologist Francis Maes comments that Shostakovich did so by complementing Babi Yar's theme of Jewish suffering with Yevtushenko's verses about other Soviet abuses: "'At the Store' is a tribute to the women who have to stand in line for hours to buy the most basic foods,... 'Fears' evokes the terror under Stalin. 'A Career' is an attack on bureaucrats and a tribute to genuine creativity". Music historian Boris Schwarz adds that the poems, in the order Shostakovich places them, form a strongly dramatic opening movement, a scherzo, two slow movements and a finale.In other cases, the choice of text has led the composer to different symphonic structures. Havergal Brian allowed the form of his Fourth Symphony, subtitled "Das Siegeslied" (Psalm of Victory), to be dictated by the three-part structure of his text, Psalm 68; the setting of Verses 13–18 for soprano solo and orchestra forms a quiet interlude between two wilder, highly chromatic martial ones set for massive choral and orchestral forces. Likewise, Szymanowski allowed the text by 13th-century Persian poet Rumi... Guess a valid title for it!
Answer:
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Choral symphony
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quoref_Guess_Title_For_Context
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P3
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zs_noopt
| 4
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train
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Q:Given the below context: The Rokeby Venus is the only surviving nude by Velázquez, but three others by the artist are recorded in 17th-century Spanish inventories. Two were mentioned in the Royal collection, but may have been lost in the 1734 fire that destroyed the main Royal Palace of Madrid. A further one was recorded in the collection of Domingo Guerra Coronel. These records mention "a reclining Venus", Venus and Adonis, and a Psyche and Cupid.Although the work is widely thought to have been painted from life, the identity of the model is subject to much speculation. In contemporary Spain it was acceptable for artists to employ male nude models for studies; however, the use of female nude models was frowned upon. The painting is believed to have been executed during one of Velázquez's visits to Rome, and Prater has observed that in Rome the artist "did indeed lead a life of considerable personal liberty that would have been consistent with the notion of using a live nude female model". It has been claimed that the painting depicts a mistress Velázquez is known to have had while in Italy, who is supposed to have borne his child. Others have claimed that the model is the same as in Coronation of the Virgin and Las Hilanderas, both in the Museo del Prado, and other works.The figures of both Venus and Cupid were significantly altered during the painting process, the result of the artist's corrections to the contours as initially painted. Pentimenti can be seen in Venus's upraised arm, in the position of her left shoulder, and on her head. Infra-red reveals that she was originally shown more upright with her head turned to the left. An area on the left of the painting, extending from Venus's left foot to the left leg and foot of Cupid, is apparently unfinished, but this feature is seen in many other works by Velázquez and was probably deliberate. The painting was given a major cleaning and restoration in 1965–66, which showed it to be in good condition, and with very little paint added later by other artists, contrary to what some... Guess a valid title for it!
A:
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Rokeby Venus
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quoref_Guess_Title_For_Context
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P3
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zs_opt
| 3
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train
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Q:Given the below context: In Cuchillo, New Mexico, 1887, a group of five Outlaws, led by Henry, are robbing the town bank, which culminates in a shoot-out with the residents of the town. A posse of bounty hunters, led by Josiah, is formed and are in hot pursuit, "only being a half-day behind them". The outlaws are now down to four after one of the men was shot dead after the robbery. They are met on the path by a couple, who are the aunt and uncle of Charlie, and brought them supplies. They find out that there is a bounty of 8000 dollars on their heads. They shoot the couple so they cannot turn them in for the reward money. The posse comes upon the scene of the dead couple, and Josiah talks to the couples' granddaughter Lulu, who hid in the bushes when her grandparents were shot. She tells them that they are headed East through White Sands, to make them more difficult to track. The outlaws are down to three, when one passes out and they shoot him to put him out of his misery. They spot the Tildon farm, where Preacher George and Ada live with their teenage daughters, Charlotte and Florence, and make plan to descend on them at dark. They burst in to the house, and start eating and drinking whiskey and intend to have relations with the women. Florence catches Henry's eye and he calls her to sit on his lap. Ada and George plead with the men because she is only 15, but both are brutally subdued by Charlie and Little Joe. George says he is the preacher of the chapel on the property, but nobody attends now because the town was ravaged by consumption. Guess a valid title for it!
A:
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Outlaws and Angels (film)
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quoref_Guess_Title_For_Context
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P3
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zs_opt
| 3
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train
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Please answer the following question: Given the below context: Homework features singles that had significant impact in the French house and global dance music scenes. The first single from the album, "Alive", was included as a B-side on the single "The New Wave", which was released in April 1994. The album's second single was "Da Funk"; it was initially released in 1995 by Soma and was re-released by Virgin Records in 1996. It became the duo's first number-one single on the Billboard Hot Dance/Club Play chart. The song reached number seven on British and French charts. The third single, "Around the World", was a critical and commercial success, becoming the second number-one single on the Billboard Hot Dance/Club Play chart, as well as reaching number 11 in Australia, number five in the United Kingdom and number 61 on the Billboard Hot 100. In October 2011, NME placed "Around the World" at number 21 on its list of "150 Best Tracks of the Past 15 Years". The album's fourth single was "Burnin'"; it was released in September 1997 and peaked at number 30 in the UK. The final single from Homework was "Revolution 909". It was released in February 1998 and reached number 47 in the UK and number 12 on the Billboard Hot Dance/Club Play chart.In 1999, the duo released a video collection featuring music videos of tracks and singles from the album under the name of D.A.F.T.: A Story About Dogs, Androids, Firemen and Tomatoes. Although its title derives from the appearances of dogs ("Da Funk" and "Fresh"), androids ("Around the World"), firemen ("Burnin'"), and tomatoes ("Revolution 909") in the videos, a cohesive plot does not connect its episodes. Guess a valid title for it!
A:
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Homework (Daft Punk album)
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quoref_Guess_Title_For_Context
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P3
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zs_opt
| 8
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train
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Given the below context: As early as 1881, industrialists proposed altering the natural channel of the Columbia to improve navigation. Changes to the river over the years have included the construction of jetties at the river's mouth, dredging, and the construction of canals and navigation locks. Today, ocean freighters can travel upriver as far as Portland and Vancouver, and barges can reach as far inland as Lewiston, Idaho.The shifting Columbia Bar makes passage between the river and the Pacific Ocean difficult and dangerous, and numerous rapids along the river hinder navigation. Pacific Graveyard, a 1964 book by James A. Gibbs, describes the many shipwrecks near the mouth of the Columbia. Jetties, first constructed in 1886, extend the river's channel into the ocean. Strong currents and the shifting sandbar remain a threat to ships entering the river and necessitate continuous maintenance of the jetties. In 1891 the Columbia was dredged to enhance shipping. The channel between the ocean and Portland and Vancouver was deepened from 17 feet (5.2 m) to 25 feet (7.6 m). The Columbian called for the channel to be deepened to 40 feet (12 m) as early as 1905, but that depth was not attained until 1976.Cascade Locks and Canal were first constructed in 1896 around the Cascades Rapids, enabling boats to travel safely through the Columbia River Gorge. The Celilo Canal, bypassing Celilo Falls, opened to river traffic in 1915. In the mid-20th century, the construction of dams along the length of the river submerged the rapids beneath a series of reservoirs. An extensive system of locks allowed ships and barges to pass easily from one reservoir to the next. A navigation channel reaching to Lewiston, Idaho, along the Columbia and Snake rivers, was completed in 1975. Among the main commodities are wheat and other grains, mainly for export. As of 2016, the Columbia ranked third, behind the Mississippi and Paraná rivers, among the world's largest export corridors for grain.The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens caused mudslides in the area, which... Guess a valid title for it!
The answer to this question is:
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Columbia River
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quoref_Guess_Title_For_Context
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P3
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zs_noopt
| 7
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train
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input: Please answer the following: Given the below context: On May 2, 2013, Jeff Hanneman died due to liver failure in a local hospital near his home in Southern California's Inland Empire; the cause of death was later determined to be alcohol-related cirrhosis. King confirmed that the band would continue, saying "Jeff is going to be in everybody's thoughts for a long time. It's unfortunate you can't keep unfortunate things from happening. But we're going to carry on – and he'll be there in spirit." However, Araya felt more uncertain about the band's future, expressing his belief that "After 30 years [with Hanneman active in the band], it would literally be like starting over", and doubting that Slayer's fanbase would approve such a change. Despite the uncertainty regarding the band's future, Slayer still worked on a followup to World Painted Blood. Additionally, it was reported that the new album would still feature material written by Hanneman.At the 2014 Revolver's Golden Gods Awards ceremony, Slayer debuted "Implode", its first new song in five years. The group announced that they have signed with Nuclear Blast, and planned to release a new album in 2015. It was reported that Holt would take over Hanneman's guitar duties full-time, although Holt did not participate in the songwriting. In February, Slayer announced a seventeen date American tour to start in June featuring Suicidal Tendencies and Exodus. In 2015, Slayer headlined the Rockstar Energy Mayhem Festival for the second time. Repentless, the band's twelfth studio album, was released on September 11, 2015. Slayer toured for two-and-a-half years in support of Repentless. The band toured Europe with Anthrax and Kvelertak in October and November 2015, and embarked on three North American tours: one with Testament and Carcass in February and March 2016, then with Anthrax and Death Angel in September and October 2016, and with Lamb of God and Behemoth in July and August 2017. A lone date in Southeast Asia in 2017 was held in the Philippines. Guess a valid title for it!
++++++++++
output: Slayer
Please answer this: Given the below context: Harrison married model Pattie Boyd on 21 January 1966, with McCartney serving as best man. Harrison and Boyd had met in 1964 during the production of the film A Hard Day's Night, in which the 19-year-old Boyd had been cast as a schoolgirl. They separated in 1974 and their divorce was finalised in 1977. Boyd said her decision to end the marriage was due largely to George's repeated infidelities. The last infidelity culminated in an affair with Ringo's wife Maureen, which Boyd called "the final straw". She characterised the last year of their marriage as "fuelled by alcohol and cocaine", and she stated: "George used coke excessively, and I think it changed him ... it froze his emotions and hardened his heart." She subsequently moved in with Eric Clapton, and they married in 1979.Harrison married Dark Horse Records' secretary Olivia Trinidad Arias on 2 September 1978. They had met at the A&M Records offices in Los Angeles in 1974, and together had one son, Dhani Harrison, born on 1 August 1978.He restored the English manor house and grounds of Friar Park, his home in Henley-on-Thames, where several of his music videos were filmed including "Crackerbox Palace"; the grounds also served as the background for the cover of All Things Must Pass. He employed ten workers to maintain the 36-acre (15 ha) garden. Harrison commented on gardening as a form of escapism: "Sometimes I feel like I'm actually on the wrong planet, and it's great when I'm in my garden, but the minute I go out the gate I think: 'What the hell am I doing here?'" His autobiography, I, Me, Mine, is dedicated "to gardeners everywhere". The former Beatles publicist Derek Taylor helped Harrison write the book, which said little about the Beatles, focusing instead on Harrison's hobbies, music and lyrics. Taylor commented: "George is not disowning the Beatles ... but it was a long time ago and actually a short part of his life."Harrison had an interest in sports cars and motor racing; he was one of the 100 people who purchased the McLaren F1 road car. He... Guess a valid title for it!
++++++++
Answer: George Harrison
input question: Given the below context: A few weeks after Of Human Feelings was recorded, Mwanga went to Japan to negotiate a deal with Trio Records to have the album released on Phrase Text. Trio, who had previously released a compilation of Coleman's 1966 to 1971 live performances in Paris, prepared to press the album once Mwanga provided the label with the record stamper. Coleman was also set to perform his song "Skies of America" with the NHK Symphony Orchestra, but cancelled both deals upon Mwanga's return from Japan. Mwanga immediately quit after less than four months as Coleman's manager. In 1981, Coleman hired Stan and Sid Bernstein as his managers, who sold the album's recording tapes to Island Records. He signed with the record label that year, and Of Human Feelings was released in 1982 on Island's subsidiary jazz label Antilles Records. Billboard magazine published a front-page story at the time about its distinction as both the first digital album recorded in New York City and the first digital jazz album recorded by an American label.According to jazz writer Francis Davis, "a modest commercial breakthrough seemed imminent" for Coleman, who appeared to be regaining his celebrity. German musicologist Peter Niklas Wilson said the album may have been the most tuneful and commercial-sounding of his career at that point. The album's clean mix and relatively short tracks were interpreted as an attempt for radio airplay by Mandel, who described its production as "the surface consistency that would put it in the pop sphere". Of Human Feelings had no success on the American pop charts, only charting on the Top Jazz Albums, where it spent 26 weeks and peaked at number 15. Because the record offered a middle ground between funk and jazz, McRae argued that it consequently appealed to neither demographic of listeners. Sound & Vision critic Brent Butterworth speculated that it was overlooked because it had electric instruments, rock and funk drumming, and did not conform to what he felt was the hokey image of jazz that many of the genre's fans... Guess a valid title for it!???
output answer:
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Of Human Feelings
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quoref_Guess_Title_For_Context
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P3
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fs_opt
| 8
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train
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Given the below context: William Etty was born in 1787 in York, the son of a miller and baker. He showed artistic promise from an early age, but his family were financially insecure, and at the age of 12 he left school to become an apprentice printer in Hull. On completing his seven-year indenture he moved to London "with a few pieces of chalk-crayons in colours", with the aim of emulating the Old Masters and becoming a history painter. Etty gained acceptance to the Royal Academy Schools in early 1807. After a year spent studying under renowned portrait painter Thomas Lawrence, Etty returned to the Royal Academy, drawing at the life class and copying other paintings. In 1821 the Royal Academy exhibited one of Etty's works, The Arrival of Cleopatra in Cilicia (also known as The Triumph of Cleopatra). The painting was extremely well received, and many of Etty's fellow artists greatly admired him. He was elected a full Royal Academician in 1828, ahead of John Constable. He became well respected for his ability to capture flesh tones accurately in painting and for his fascination with contrasts in skin tones. Following the exhibition of Cleopatra, Etty attempted to reproduce its success, concentrating on painting further history paintings containing nude figures. He exhibited 15 paintings at the Summer Exhibition in the 1820s (including Cleopatra), and all but one contained at least one nude figure. In so doing Etty became the first English artist to treat nude studies as a serious art form in their own right, capable of being aesthetically attractive and of delivering moral messages. Although some nudes by foreign artists were held in private English collections, Britain had no tradition of nude painting, and the display and distribution of nude material to the public had been suppressed since the 1787 Proclamation for the Discouragement of Vice. The supposed prurient reaction of the lower classes to his nude paintings caused concern throughout the 19th century. Many critics condemned his repeated depictions of female nudity as... Guess a valid title for it!
Answer:
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Britomart Redeems Faire Amoret
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quoref_Guess_Title_For_Context
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P3
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zs_noopt
| 1
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train
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Given the below context: Four battalions of rebel troops moved before dawn from the Mekong Delta towards Saigon, using armored personnel carriers and jeeps carrying machine guns. After cowing several police checkpoints on the edge of the capital with threats of machine-gun and artillery fire, the plotters put rebel sentries in their place to seal off Saigon from incoming or outgoing traffic. They then captured communication facilities in the capital, including the post office, to prevent messages from being sent in or out. As his troops took over the city, Phát sat in a civilian vehicle and placidly said "We'll be holding a press conference in town this afternoon at 4 p.m." He said "This is nothing to worry about. Just a little operation against some politicians." The rebels set up their command post in the Saigon home of General Duong Ngoc Lam, who had been removed from his post as Mayor of Saigon by Khánh. Lam had commanded the Civil Guard during Diệm's presidency and was one of his trusted supporters.The rebels took over the city without any gunfire, and used the national radio station to make a broadcast. Claiming to represent "The Council for the Liberation of the Nation", Phát proclaimed a regime change, and accused Khánh of promoting conflict within the nation's military and political leadership. He promised to capture Khánh and pursue a policy of increased anti-communism, with a stronger government and military. Phát said he would use the ideology and legacy of Diệm to lay the foundation for his new junta. Đức claimed the coup attempt was prompted by "the transfer to the capital of some neutralist elements, and by some pro-communists in the government". According to the historian George McTurnan Kahin, Phát's broadcast was "triumphant" and may have prompted senior officers who were neither part of the original conspiracy nor fully loyal to Khánh to conclude that Phát and Đức would not embrace them if they abandoned Khánh.In contrast to Phát's serene demeanor, his incoming troops prompted devotees at the Catholic cathedral—who... Guess a valid title for it!
The answer to this question is:
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September 1964 South Vietnamese coup attempt
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quoref_Guess_Title_For_Context
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P3
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zs_opt
| 7
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train
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Given the below context: Joey and Turkey are members of the Wanderers, an all-Italian-American street gang. In the Bronx, New York, Joey tries to dissuade Turkey from joining a rival gang, the Fordham Baldies. Before Turkey can ask, Terror's girlfriend Peewee overhears Joey insulting the Baldies, calling them a "bunch of pricks with ears". Joey and Turkey flee and the Baldies chase them. Richie—the leader of the Wanderers—and Buddy come to help but they also flee from the Baldies. After being cornered, the Wanderers are helped by a tough stranger named Perry, who has recently moved to the Bronx from New Jersey. After much persuasion, Perry joins the Wanderers. In school, the Wanderers get into a racial dispute with another gang, the Del Bombers who are all African-American. Both gangs agree to settle their dispute, seemingly a street fight, but the Wanderers struggle to find a gang willing to back them. With no other options, Richie asks his girlfriend's father, local mafia boss Chubby Galasso, who agrees to help solve the gangs' dispute. During a game of "elbow-tit", Richie gropes a woman called Nina. He feels ashamed of himself, apologizes for his actions and persuades Nina to accept Joey's telephone number. The Wanderers then decide to follow Nina in Perry's car. After Perry becomes lost, the Wanderers are attacked by an all-Irish-American street gang called the Ducky Boys. They escape after Perry's arm is broken. While drunk, the Baldies are tricked into joining the Marines. Before reporting for training, they decide to crash Despie's party, where Turkey—who has recently joined the Baldies—is told to draw the Wanderers outside. After drawing them out, Turkey realizes the Baldies have abandoned him. He tries to chase them but fails. Upset, Turkey visits a nearby Catholic church. After being spotted by a member of the Ducky Boys attending mass, Turkey is chased down the street. After climbing a fire escape ladder in an attempt to escape, he falls to his death. Guess a valid title for it!
The answer to this question is:
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The Wanderers (1979 film)
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quoref_Guess_Title_For_Context
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P3
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zs_noopt
| 7
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test
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Given the below context: Ottavio's marriage troubled Alessandro; he struggled with the burden of chastity and entertained fantasies of marrying a princess. He resented his younger brother's arrangement; during the wedding ceremony he "became more deathly pale than death itself, and, so they say, is unable to bear this thing, that he, the first-born, should see himself deprived of such splendid status and of the daughter of an Emperor." In 1546 Paul gave Pier Luigi the duchies of Parma and Piacenza as papal fiefs, a highly political move by the pope: in doing so he gave titles and wealth to Pier and appointed a lord who was subservient and owed a debt of gratitude, guaranteeing that the duchies would remain under papal control. At the same time, Ottavio was posted to the North of Italy to support Charles. By 1546 Ottavio was 22 years old, married to Margaret of Austria and an accomplished and distinguished individual. In 1547 his father was assassinated and Ottavio claimed the dukedom of Parma and Piacenza against the express wishes of both Charles, his father-in-law, and Paul. In doing so, Ottavio acted in opposition to the pope's desire to maintain the duchies as papal fiefs, and to Charles, whom he believed responsible for the plot to assassinate Pier Luigi.Titian was a personal friend of Charles; the commissioning of the portrait was most likely intended by Paul as a signal of allegiance to the emperor. Pressure from reforming monarchs in France and Spain, coupled with a general shift of influence in France's favour, ended the Farnese hold on the papacy soon after Paul's death. Ottavio excelled as a military commander and was awarded the Golden Fleece by the emperor. While the post had been given as a means to strengthen the family position, it did not come without cost. His success bred resentment amongst his family, as he began to see himself unaccountable to Rome.At the time of the portrait Paul had convinced Alessandro to retain the post, hinting that he would later succeed him as pope – an aspiration that was ultimately... Guess a valid title for it!
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Pope Paul III and His Grandsons 2
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Q: In this task, you are given an article. Your task is to summarize the article in a sentence.
The Awards for Valour (Protection) Bill tabled by Conservative MP Gareth Johnson passed its Commons second reading on Friday.
It could create a new criminal offence with a maximum penalty of six months' imprisonment or a £5,000 fine.
Defence Secretary Sir Michael Fallon says he "fully supports" the proposal.
The bill will undergo further scrutiny by MPs at committee stage at a later date.
"Medals recognise our forces who risk their lives for freedom. It is important their service is properly protected," he said.
But James Glancy, a former captain in the Royal Marines who received the Conspicuous Gallantry Cross for his service in Afghanistan, told the BBC's Daily Politics the bill goes "too far".
"I think it's just going too far to suggest someone could go to prison…" he said. "I think it's very important to look at what's going on with someone that is actually pretending that they served in the armed forces.
"There may well be a serious mental health problem and actually that person just has low self-esteem, they're not a threat to the public, and they actually need professional help."
Legislation making the unauthorised wearing of medals a criminal offence was originally introduced in the aftermath of the First World War by the then secretary for war, Winston Churchill.
It remained on the statute book until 2006 when the new Armed Forces Act came into force and the provisions relating to military decorations were not carried over.
Mr Johnson's bill has the backing of the Commons Defence Committee, which said in a report earlier this week that the unauthorised wearing of medals constituted "a harm that is worthy of specific criminal prohibition".
"There is a tangible and identifiable harm created by military imposters against members of society who should rightly be held in its highest esteem," it said.
Speaking at the bill's second reading in the Commons, Mr Johnson said: "To undermine our veterans is wrong. To claim you're a military hero when you are not is wrong, and to steal valour is wrong.
"The point of this bill is to protect genuine heroes. People should not be able to claim that they are heroes when they are not.
Showing MPs his great-grandfather's military medal, he said the new legislation would not stop family members from wearing medals their relatives had earned.
And he said the bill would be sensitive to those with mental health issues.
"What I want to do is to make sure we catch only those who intend deliberately to deceive others," he told MPs.
Retired Major Judith Webb was the first woman to command an all-male field force squadron in the British Army.
She said changing the law would help to take action out of the hands of vigilantism, and into the hands of police.
"Such imposters - and there do seem to be quite a few of them - should be prosecuted," she said.
But Col Lincoln Jopp, who commanded the 1st Battalion Scots guards in Afghanistan and was awarded the Military Cross for service in Sierra Leone, said it was a "mistaken priority" in tackling challenges faced by veterans.
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A Private Member's Bill making it offence for people to wear military medals to which they are not entitled is backed by the government.
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Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you are given an article. Your task is to summarize the article in a sentence.
The 28-year-old will play Arsenal in a competitive fixture for the first time when Forest face the Gunners in the EFL Cup third round on Tuesday.
"Most people don't celebrate when they score and some go absolutely crazy and start chaos, which is fun," he said.
"For me out of respect I will celebrate a little bit, but it won't be crazy."
Bendtner began his senior with Arsenal and spent nine years with the club, before moving to German side Wolfsburg in 2014.
"[Arsenal] feels like a long time away. I had been there a long time but so much has happened since, so it's a little bit of a distant memory," he told BBC Radio Nottingham.
"Things happen in football, it's a quick career and you have 15 or 20 years.
"I was there at an early age and there's many things - ups and downs - that have happened but it's in the past and I only look to the future."
The Denmark international says he has good memories of his time at Arsenal, but hopes his new club can progress to the fourth round of the EFL Cup for the first time since 2004-05.
"I am sure I will probably pop into the dressing room after the match," he continued.
"In 90 minutes when I go onto the pitch I am focused on Forest to win the match for them and after all the emotions it's a different story."
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Nottingham Forest forward Nicklas Bendtner will not "go crazy" if he scores against Arsenal despite his time at the club being a distant memory.
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Q: In this task, you are given an article. Your task is to summarize the article in a sentence.
The Glasgow Warriors wing was initially left out of the squad for the two-Test trip, but injury to Tim Visser resulted in a call-up for the 35-year-old.
Lamont made his Scotland debut in 2004 and turned out for the 104th time during this year's Six Nations.
"When I was left out I was absolutely gutted. To get the phone call again was very nice," he told BBC Scotland.
"I love playing for Scotland it's a massive part of what I've grown up doing for 12 years now.
"It's been a big part of my life and I sure as damn don't want it to go away."
Lamont may be close to Paterson's record but realises that with every passing Test the competition for places in Vern Cotter's line-up is greater, with younger players breaking through.
"Eventually it will have to finish but it's been a fairly emotional roller coaster," he explained. "The disappointment of not getting the call-up and then getting the call, so it's nice to still be on that list.
"If someone's ahead of me I like pushing myself to get ahead of them, that's the way it should be.
"But in the cold light of day it's down to the coaches to make the choice.
"I know where I am in my career, I'm all for pushing the next generation through - it's good for Scottish rugby, it's something we need, so the more competition it's good for the player and the country."
The Scots are unbeaten in five meetings with Japan, with the last encounter a 45-10 victory at the World Cup in 2015.
Japan are 10th in the world rankings, one place below Scotland, and Lamont expects two strongly contested encounters in Toyota City and Tokyo.
"They're going to be two tough Tests, no shadow of doubt," he said.
"They'll be geed up because of the run they had at the World Cup, they'll be looking to claim a scalp and boost the profile of Japanese rugby.
"Things like home advantage and weather, I think it'll be hot and humid over there, and above all they're a good team so we've got be very wary.
"They pushed us in the World Cup for a good 60 minutes, but towards the end we ran away with it, but it was by no means easy, there were some real sticky moments."
BBC Scotland will provide live television, online and radio coverage of the Tests on 18 and 25 June.
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Sean Lamont aims to take a step closer to Chris Paterson's Scotland cap record of 109 on the summer tour of Japan.
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Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given an article. Your task is to summarize the article in a sentence.
Problem:The 44-year-old man also suffered neck and chest injuries after falling in a gully on Blencathra's Sharp Edge.
Keswick Mountain Rescue Team, which rescued the man on Sunday, said the area was a "blackspot" in wet or snowy conditions.
The Great North Air Ambulance Service airlifted the man to the Cumberland Infirmary after the six-hour rescue.
Solution:
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A man suffered serious head injuries when he fell 160ft (50m) down a Lake District mountain.
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Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you are given an article. Your task is to summarize the article in a sentence.
The Portuguese said he understood the stance of Reds boss Brendan Rodgers, who said Sterling would not be sold.
But Mourinho said: "I don't like players that don't want to play for me and my club, clearly."
Chelsea are among the clubs linked with the England forward, 20, after he rejected a £100,000-a-week contract.
Mourinho said striker Zlatan Ibrahimovic was sold to Barcelona when he was Inter Milan boss after asking to join the Spanish club.
Media playback is not supported on this device
"Every player has a price. It doesn't matter which player," said Mourinho. "If you ask me now, for example, Eden Hazard, we can speak about him because he's signed a new contract.
"Do I want him to leave Chelsea? No. If he wants to leave, if he doesn't want to work with me, if he doesn't want to play for Chelsea, does Eden Hazard have a price? I think he has a price."
Sterling has two years left on a contract worth £35,000 a week and Mourinho added: "I also understand the philosophy of managers and clubs who want to keep the players at any price, who want just to say, 'there is no price to sell - the player stays, whatever'.
"My philosophy is not better than that - it's just different. Either way, when a player has a contract with a club, the club, the manager and the board have the power to decide what to do."
Mourinho admitted he faces a difficult decision over Petr Cech after the long-serving goalkeeper said he did not want to remain second choice behind Thibaut Courtois at Stamford Bridge.
"Chelsea gave him a lot, but for what he is giving to the club still, he deserves a special perspective," he said.
"I think he won the right to be part of a discussion and a decision."
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Chelsea manager Jose Mourinho says "every player has a price" after being asked about Raheem Sterling's contract wrangle at Liverpool.
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Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you are given an article. Your task is to summarize the article in a sentence.
The former Wales Under-20 international began his career at Pontypridd and also featured for Cardiff Blues and New Zealand province Northlands.
He is Sale's sixth new signing ahead of next season.
"He has been one of the most consistent performers in the Championship and is a good ball carrier who works hard in defence," said Sale boss Steve Diamond.
Sale have not disclosed the length of his contract.
The Sharks are 10th in the Premiership table and take on Bath in their final game of the season at the AJ Bell Stadium on Saturday.
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Premiership side Sale Sharks have signed prop WillGriff John from Championship club Doncaster Knights.
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In this task, you are given an article. Your task is to summarize the article in a sentence.
Input: Consider Input: Pte James, from Llangollen in Denbighshire, was one of four recruits to die from bullet wounds at the army base between 1995 and 2002.
Pte Helen Miller said she had been pressured by a senior officer 20 years ago to say her friend was happy.
She said all leave had been cancelled at the Surrey base after her death.
She said she had been told by an unnamed sergeant major at the time to "behave myself, to stop being hysterical. I was told a couple of times 'you wont go to the funeral if you carry on'.
"I think they were trying to keep us quiet. It was damage limitation." she said.
John Beggs, representing Surrey Police, asked Pte Miller about a statement she had made in 2002 in which she said she always thought Pte James had killed herself.
Pte Miller told the inquest: "Now, whether I believe it, I have no idea about what happened to her on that day."
Giving evidence from abroad via video link, she said: "I find it very strange that she would open up to me and then out of nowhere, kill herself, without talking about it and without getting upset."
On Thursday, the hearing was told Pte James had been in relationships with two male recruits at the barracks.
"She had found herself in a situation where she didn't want to finish with one of them", WO1 Sarah Ditchfield said.
Peter Mant, representing Pte James's family, asked Pte Miller if relationship problems could have caused her friend to take her own life.
She said: "No. Everyone had boyfriend trouble".
It was not something that was causing her "great upset", but was more "indecisiveness", she told the hearing.
Pte Miller said: "I think it was a struggle for her at Deepcut."
She told the inquest recruits had talked about the death of Pte Sean Benton from Hastings who was found with five gunshot wounds in June 1995.
They discussed how they would kill themselves, if they were to do it.
Pte Miller said: "It was the general consensus to shoot yourself [in the head] would be the easiest way to do it.
"Cheryl was part of that conversation. It was a conversation many were having, not Cheryl alone."
An initial inquest into Pte James's death in 1995 recorded an open verdict but that was overturned by the High Court, which ordered the new hearing.
The inquest continues.
Who were the Deepcut four? Background to the deaths and timeline of events
Output: A friend of Pte Cheryl James who died at Deepcut barracks has told an inquest "they were trying to keep us quiet" after her death.
Input: Consider Input: The 28-year-old world number two confirmed on Tuesday he will defend the trophy he won for a fourth time last year with victory over Kevin Anderson.
There have been eight four-time champions, including John McEnroe, Boris Becker, Lleyton Hewitt and Andy Roddick in the open era.
"If I could win it for a fifth time it would be amazing," said Scot Murray.
"The names that have won it four times - they are all great tennis players."
Murray, champion in 2009, 2011, 2013 and 2015, made his debut at Queen's in 2005 and used the club's clay courts to prepare for Great Britain's Davis Cup final victory over Belgium in November.
Media playback is not supported on this device
Output: Britain's Andy Murray wants to win a record fifth Aegon Championship title at Queen's Club this summer.
Input: Consider Input: The BBC's Tom Espiner looks at seven unusual ways of getting at least some of the 20 minutes of brisk activity a day being recommended.
Sir Stanley Matthews was still playing professional football at 50, but for people of a similar age who might like to ease back into the game, walking football could be just the ticket, according to Surrey Football Association.
Walking Football has helped players start kicking a ball again and getting active who have suffered from hip replacements, chronic arthritis - and even heart bypass surgery, says Surrey FA Football Development Officer Chris Cole.
Andy Cox plays Walking Football every week in Croydon. "I never envisaged at the age of 65 I'd start playing football again. I'm fitter now than I was 30 years ago," he says.
Luton Council and leisure trust Active Luton are two organisations keen to promote the beautiful game at a sedate pace - Active Luton has recently been given £40,000 from Sport England for walking football.
Active Luton chief executive Helen Barnet says: "The skills and enthusiasm on show compares to anything you would see on Match of the Day. It is simple to do and play and above all everyone that takes part is always smiling."
The Walking Football United website's interactive map shows where you can go to find out more.
People may think of hula-hooping as primarily being a US 1950s craze, but, hula-hoop based classes are available around the country, with some groups offering circus skills as well.
Ellouise Hempstead, of Etrois Dance and Fitness in Newcastle, says: "Hooping can be a solo activity in your living room, or a social one if you join a hoop class. Either way, it's great to lose body fat, gain muscle tone, boost your energy, improve balance and co-ordination, reduce stress and most importantly have fun."
Kurling is inspired by the original game of curling, and involves pushing a kurling stone on casters (called "bearings") towards a target.
The beauty of new age kurling is that you don't need an ice rink to do it, according to Ann McCallum, secretary for the Dover club which practises the sport.
"All you need is just a target, some chairs to sit on, some sticks, and then you're away," she says.
The Great Britain Kurling Association has more information.
"Double Dutch" is the name given to jumping two ropes swung by two people, and can be fiercely competitive.
However, people can skip at their own pace singly, and even Double Dutch skipping occasionally lets people have a rest, as they hop in and out of the ropes, according to the British Rope Skipping Association.
For those people who think that sailing is "like standing under a cold shower tearing up £5 notes" - as former PM Edward Heath reportedly said of ocean racing - the Royal Yachting Association (RYA) begs to differ.
Dinghy sailing, where people sail boats designed for one, two, or more people, is open to all, RYA says.
"It is one of most accessible sports for disabled people and is also one of the only sports where people with disabilities can join in on equal terms with able bodied people," it says.
"It's also a fantastic activity that all the family, from the youngsters to the grandparents can be involved in."
If dinghy sailing doesn't float your boat (sorry!) perhaps amateur synchronised swimming could get you into the water.
You don't need to be super fit to get into the sport, the Amateur Swimming Association (ASA) insists, although it admits those entering competitions need to be pretty fit - apparently competition level is like trying to do ballet, underwater.
To start with, you need to be comfortable about holding your breath, and the prospect of eventually lifting your leg out of the water.
Karen Thorpe, ASA synchronised swimming talent development officer says: "Synchronised swimming is an exciting mixture of swimming, dance and gymnastics and can be a fantastic way to keep fit."
And for those who prefer dry land, the British Minigolf Association "would strongly encourage you to get out and play" the sport. Well, it would, wouldn't it?
Crazy golf, and its closely-related cousin adventure golf, test your putting skills.
For those in England who like the idea of a putting challenge, the miniaturegolfer.com website has a list of courses that may be useful.
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Output: Scientists say a lack of exercise could be killing twice as many people as obesity and are urging people to get more active.
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You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, you are given an article. Your task is to summarize the article in a sentence.
Ms Bourne, who became Sussex's first PCC in 2012, was declared winner after the vote went to a second count.
Three candidates were eliminated in the first count, leaving only Ms Bourne and Labour's Michael Jones.
In the first count, Ms Bourne had 114,570 votes and Mr Jones had 61,017. The second count brought their totals to 139,335 and 86,392 respectively.
She said: "I'm absolutely honoured and very privileged to be elected."
She said she needed to "find extra savings because budgets are still reducing" and "to invest in frontline policing because I know that is really important to people in Sussex".
Voter turnout was 22.5% compared with 15.3% in 2012.
The three eliminated in the first count were Green Party candidate James Doyle, UKIP's Patrick Lowe and James Walsh from the Liberal Democrats.
Results listed alphabetically by surname are as follows. BBC News App users: tap here to see the results.
Solution: Conservative Katy Bourne has been re-elected police and crime commissioner for Sussex.
Why? This is a good example. The output correctly summarizes the article.
New input: The seven-carriage train pulled into a new station in the city after travelling the 75-km (47-mile) route without any cargo.
The line was completed last year at a cost of $165 million (£105m).
The authorities hope to open up new trade routes and link Afghanistan to its neighbours' rail networks.
The new line could also become a key supply route for Nato forces in Afghanistan and help take military equipment out when the international troops withdraw, starting in 2012.
The US has been shifting its supply lines into the north and away from the volatile route from Pakistan.
The first journey on Wednesday was intended to test the track and signals, before the formal opening of the project at which President Hamid Karzai is expected to attend.
"This is a matter of pride for us and a very important issue for Afghanistan," said Deputy Public Works Minister Noor Gul Mangal, who was there to watch the train arrive in Mazar-e-Sharif.
He said the government planned to build another line into Turkmenistan, to the north-west.
The new line to Mazar-e-Sharif runs from the border town of Hairatan, which is currently a major bottleneck for goods entering Afghanistan.
Supplies have to be taken off Uzbek trains and loaded on to trucks to continue their journey.
The railway should enable goods to be taken straight to Mazar-e-Sharif, avoiding the queues and significantly increasing the volume of goods that can be transported.
Afghanistan's neighbours, including Pakistan and Uzbekistan, have good railway networks built by their former rulers, Britain and Russia.
However, Afghanistan has never had a functioning rail system.
Railway projects were started several times in the 19th and 20th centuries, by British and then Soviet authorities, only to be abandoned for political reasons.
Afghanistan has long been the missing link between the rail networks of China, India and the Middle East.
The new railway is part of the Central Asia Regional Economic Co-operation (Carec) project, under which it is intended that these networks will be joined up by 2,000km (1,300miles) of new track.
The plan is funded by the Asian Development Bank, the UN, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, but so far it is a very long way from being completed.
Solution:
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A train has run for the first time on Afghanistan's only major railway, between the Uzbek border and the northern city of Mazar-e-Sharif.
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In this task, you are given an article. Your task is to summarize the article in a sentence.
Q: Media playback is not supported on this device
Michael Shenton and Jake Webster scored tries inside the first 11 minutes for Cas, before Ryan Morgan closed the gap.
St Helens were left stunned when Webster grabbed a second, while Paul McShane, Greg Minikin and Nathan Massey scored as Cas led 31-4 at half-time.
Greg Eden had a second-half hat-trick and Minikin ran 70 metres, while Luke Douglas scored St Helens' consolation.
Castleford, four-time winners of the Challenge Cup, scored six tries in 17 minutes either side of half-time to rip the heart out of St Helens.
After a tight opening, Cas, who have a one-point lead at the top of Super League, blew St Helens away with four tries in seven minutes to take a 27-point half-time lead.
Webster gathered a brilliantly lofted pass by Ben Roberts, and Eden's clever run was the catalyst for McShane to sneak over.
Roberts' run and perfectly judged kick-through was finished off by Minikin, while Massey dived over under the posts.
Castleford came out after the break in the same fashion and Eden scored a second-half hat-trick.
The Castleford-born full-back spectacularly jumped in one-handed in the left-hand corner, ran in unchallenged in the same corner and then took a Zak Hardaker pass to score his 18th try of the season.
Minikin burst through from 70 metres for his second, while Douglas powered in under the posts for a consolation for St Helens.
Castleford's victory was their first against St Helens in six matches, a run stretching back to June 2015 when their last victory was a narrow one-point success in the Super League.
It was also Castleford's first Challenge Cup victory between the two sides since they won the 1970 semi-final 6-3 on their way to the second of back-to-back Challenge Cup titles.
St Helens, who have won the last three cup meetings, never looked likely to reach the last eight and add to their 12 Challenge Cups.
Castleford's Luke Gale:
"I think we are a group of players who enjoy playing football together. We have fun at training and we bring it onto the pitch as well.
"This was an outstanding performance and that's what we have in the locker.
"Last season we were criticised for our defence and we knew pre-season we had to work on our defence and I think we have done that.
"We enjoy throwing that ball about and you can tell with our performance."
St Helens caretaker coach Jamahl Lolesi:
"Unfortunately we're in a bit of a hole at the moment. It's a little bit worrying. We've got some issues we need to sort out.
"We didn't compete hard for 60 minutes of last week's game and probably 80 minutes of today's game.
"We've a group of young men who will need to stand up and start doing better for the club."
Castleford: Hardaker, Minikin, Webster, Shenton, Eden, T. Holmes, Gale, Lynch, McShane, Millington, Sene-Lefao, McMeeken, Milner.
Replacements: Massey, Roberts, Moors, Cook.
St Helens: Makinson, Swift, Percival, Morgan, Grace, Fages, Smith, Walmsley, Roby, Douglas, Taia, Knowles, Thompson.
Replacements: Amor, Wilkin, McCarthy-Scarsbrook, Richards.
Referee: Phil Bentham (RFL).
A: Castleford put on a masterclass to beat St Helens and book a place in the Challenge Cup quarter-finals.
****
Q: The Conservatives, now with a majority at Westminster, have pledged to replace the Act with a British Bill of Rights.
They want to give UK courts and Parliament the "final say" on human rights issues rather than Strasbourg.
Asked about the impact of such a change on Wales, Mr Jones told assembly members: "It would make us look like a Banana republic, frankly."
The Human Rights Act came into force in 2000, bringing the rights contained in the European Convention on Human Rights into UK law.
Critics say the Act has led to "perverse" judgements, including a ruling that found the UK's blanket ban on prisoners voting was unlawful.
But during Tuesday's First Minister's Questions, Mr Jones said: "Most countries in Europe including Russia are signatories, are members of the European Convention.
"The European Convention was drafted by British lawyers; it's a British invention, and there's a complete lack of understanding of history in Whitehall at the moment," Mr Jones added.
Under the Conservatives' plan, the European Courts would not be able to require the UK to change British laws, with its judgements being treated as "advisory" rather than binding.
Instead, the UK's Supreme Court would be "the ultimate arbiter" on human rights matters.
Welsh Liberal Democrat leader Kirsty Williams accused Conservative ministers of wanting to "put us in the same category as Kazakhstan in terms of how we view human rights".
"Liberal Democrats stopped the Tories scrapping the Human Rights Act and we are determined to keep fighting these plans," she said.
The European Convention created basic human rights and freedoms for every citizen in Europe.
They include the rights to life, liberty and security, a fair trial, respect for private life, and freedom of expression.
A Ministry of Justice spokesman said: "The Government was elected with a manifesto commitment to replace the Human Rights Act with a British Bill of Rights.
"Ministers will be discussing their plans on this and making announcements in due course."
A: Scrapping the Human Rights Act would "make us look like a banana republic", First Minister Carwyn Jones has warned.
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Q: Some councils were showing "clear signs of financial stress", but many had "coped well" with cuts, said the National Audit Office.
The government said every part of the public sector had to do its bit.
Labour said ministers had taken most funding away from areas with the greatest need.
And the Local Government Association warned services would "buckle under the strain" of more cuts.
Most local authority funding comes from central government, with about a quarter raised through council tax.
By 2016, government funding will have dropped in real terms by 37% since 2010, the National Audit Office said.
While councils had tried to protect spending on social care, services like housing and leisure and culture had been given deeper cuts, it said, with "some evidence" of reduced services.
Auditors are "increasingly concerned" about councils' ability to make more savings, the report said, with over half of authorities responsible for education and social care not well placed to provide the services they hope to over the next three to five years.
The report said there were "significant differences" in the size of budget cuts faced by different council areas, with those that depend most on government grants the hardest hit.
It also said the Department for Communities and Local Government did not monitor the impact of spending cuts "in a co-ordinated way", instead relying on other departments for alerts.
As a result, it said, the government risked finding out about serious problems "only after they have occurred".
NAO head Sir Amyas Morse said: "The department really needs to be better informed about the situation on the ground among local authorities across England, in a much more active way, in order to head off serious problems before they happen."
Local Government Minister Kris Hopkins said local government made up a quarter of all public spending.
The government continued to deliver a "fair settlement" to every part of the country, he said.
"The reality is since 2010 budgets have been balanced, council tax has fallen by 11% in real-terms and public satisfaction with local government has been maintained."
Mr Hopkins said councils still had to do more to "cut waste and make sensible savings".
Labour's shadow local government secretary Hilary Benn said: "This report reveals the true impact of the decisions David Cameron's government has made, with housing and leisure facilities having taken the biggest hit."
He said ministers were "out of touch" with the pressures faced by councils.
The LGA said council services had faced deeper cuts than any other part of the public sector.
It said: "This report paints a stark picture of increasing financial risk and uncertainty for local authorities. It shows that central government has not taken a comprehensive approach to assessing the impact of its decisions."
A:
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The government only has a "limited understanding" of the impact of budget cuts on local authorities in England, a public spending watchdog says.
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fs_opt
| 4
|
test
|
Teacher: In this task, you are given an article. Your task is to summarize the article in a sentence.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Ms Bourne, who became Sussex's first PCC in 2012, was declared winner after the vote went to a second count.
Three candidates were eliminated in the first count, leaving only Ms Bourne and Labour's Michael Jones.
In the first count, Ms Bourne had 114,570 votes and Mr Jones had 61,017. The second count brought their totals to 139,335 and 86,392 respectively.
She said: "I'm absolutely honoured and very privileged to be elected."
She said she needed to "find extra savings because budgets are still reducing" and "to invest in frontline policing because I know that is really important to people in Sussex".
Voter turnout was 22.5% compared with 15.3% in 2012.
The three eliminated in the first count were Green Party candidate James Doyle, UKIP's Patrick Lowe and James Walsh from the Liberal Democrats.
Results listed alphabetically by surname are as follows. BBC News App users: tap here to see the results.
Solution: Conservative Katy Bourne has been re-elected police and crime commissioner for Sussex.
Reason: This is a good example. The output correctly summarizes the article.
Now, solve this instance: Black Cats striker Jermain Defoe opened the scoring, smashing in a penalty after being brought down by Jose Fonte.
Home striker Charlie Austin forced Jordan Pickford into a low save, while the Sunderland goalkeeper also kept out Shane Long and Nathan Redmond strikes.
But Pickford was at fault for the equaliser, letting Jay Rodriguez's long-range shot squirm under his body.
After selling striker Graziano Pelle in the summer, Southampton are without a presence and focal point at the top of the pitch.
Charlie Austin was making his first start of the season but looked off the pace and has netted just once since joining from QPR in the January transfer window.
Although they worked Sunderland stand-in goalkeeper Pickford on a number of occasion, the efforts were mostly from outside the area.
Two draws and a defeat is the return for new boss Claude Puel in his opening three league games, and although the Frenchman's side had 63% possession, they were struggled to carve open a sturdy Sunderland defence.
However, a late speculative strike did come off for the Saints through substitute Rodriguez, who netted his first goal since March 2014, after an effort which evaded the grasp of England Under-21 international Pickford.
Media playback is not supported on this device
Back-to-back defeats in their opening two games meant Sunderland boss David Moyes was already under pressure, especially after "realistic" comments about the club facing another relegation battle this season.
Defoe's opener 10 minutes from time looked to be the match-winner, but the visitors conceded five minutes later following an individual error.
Up until that point, they had looked solid in defence with the newly formed central defensive partnership of Papy Djilobodji and the returning Lamine Kone, who has been linked with a move to Everton.
The duo combined well as Senegal's Djilobodji made 11 clearances, more than any other player on the pitch, while Ivorian Kone helped out by gaining possession seven times.
If the pair can build on this impressive showing and team-mates can cut out their errors, the North East side may well look up the table rather than down it.
Media playback is not supported on this device
Southampton boss Claude Puel: "It is disappointing this afternoon. It was important for my players to show good character and spirit to find the equaliser. It is a better result for us just before the international break."
Sunderland boss David Moyes: "Jordan Pickford played really well today and made some good saves. This is what you get with young goalkeepers. There are times they will make mistakes and you have to put up with it. If a defender or midfielder make mistakes, it is not highlighted, but for a goalkeeper it is."
Southampton face a trip to Arsenal on Saturday, 10 September (kick-off 15:00 BST), while Sunderland host Everton on Monday, 12 September (20:00 BST).
Match ends, Southampton 1, Sunderland 1.
Second Half ends, Southampton 1, Sunderland 1.
Corner, Southampton. Conceded by Papy Djilobodji.
Attempt missed. Nathan Redmond (Southampton) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the right.
Attempt blocked. Oriol Romeu (Southampton) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Jack Rodwell (Sunderland) is shown the yellow card.
Corner, Southampton. Conceded by Duncan Watmore.
Corner, Sunderland. Conceded by José Fonte.
Corner, Sunderland. Conceded by José Fonte.
Foul by Matt Targett (Southampton).
Jeremain Lens (Sunderland) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Attempt missed. Matt Targett (Southampton) left footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses to the left from a direct free kick.
Nathan Redmond (Southampton) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Donald Love (Sunderland).
Goal! Southampton 1, Sunderland 1. Jay Rodriguez (Southampton) right footed shot from outside the box to the centre of the goal. Assisted by James Ward-Prowse.
Attempt blocked. James Ward-Prowse (Southampton) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Shane Long (Southampton) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Papy Djilobodji (Sunderland).
Substitution, Southampton. James Ward-Prowse replaces Pierre-Emile Højbjerg.
Attempt saved. Jay Rodriguez (Southampton) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the top left corner. Assisted by Oriol Romeu.
Goal! Southampton 0, Sunderland 1. Jermain Defoe (Sunderland) converts the penalty with a right footed shot to the top left corner.
Penalty conceded by José Fonte (Southampton) after a foul in the penalty area.
Penalty Sunderland. Jermain Defoe draws a foul in the penalty area.
Attempt blocked. Jermain Defoe (Sunderland) right footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked. Assisted by Duncan Watmore.
Substitution, Sunderland. Donald Love replaces Lynden Gooch.
Foul by Jay Rodriguez (Southampton).
Papy Djilobodji (Sunderland) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Southampton. Jay Rodriguez replaces Charlie Austin.
Corner, Southampton. Conceded by Jordan Pickford.
Attempt saved. Nathan Redmond (Southampton) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom left corner. Assisted by Cédric Soares.
Attempt saved. Shane Long (Southampton) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom left corner. Assisted by Nathan Redmond.
Attempt saved. Nathan Redmond (Southampton) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Steven Davis.
Substitution, Sunderland. Jeremain Lens replaces Steven Pienaar.
Substitution, Southampton. Shane Long replaces Dusan Tadic.
Steven Pienaar (Sunderland) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Pierre-Emile Højbjerg (Southampton) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Steven Pienaar (Sunderland).
Foul by Dusan Tadic (Southampton).
Duncan Watmore (Sunderland) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Sunderland. Duncan Watmore replaces Fabio Borini because of an injury.
Student:
|
Southampton and Sunderland drew to remain in search of their first Premier League wins of the season.
|
task1290_xsum_summarization
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 2
|
validation
|
Instructions: In this task, you're given a paragraph and title from the research paper. Your task is to classify whether the given title is suitable or not for the research paper based on the given paragraph. Return "True" if title is proper according to paragraph else "False".
Input: Paragraph: The major structural protein VP2 of porcine parvovirus (PPV) was used as the model parvovirus antigen, which has been expressed in Lactobacillus casei fusing with Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) as mucosal adjuvant. The VP2-LTB DNA fragment was cloned into vector pPG611 or pPG612 to generated inducible surface-displayed and secretion expression systems based on xylose promoter, designated as rLc:pPG611-VP2-LTB (recombinant L. casei) and rLc:pPG612-VP2-LTB, respectively. Expression of the fusion protein was verified by SDS-PAGE, Western blot immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. It was observed that the level of IgG or sIgA from mice orally immunized with VP2-LTB was higher than that from mice received VP2 and negative control, which demonstrated significantly statistically different. Especially, the titer of IgG or sIgA in mice immunized with rLc:pPG612-VP2-LTB is the highest in this study. In summary, LTB as mucosal adjuvant was able to effectively facilitate induction of mucosal and systemic immunity by L. casei-expressing VP2 fusion protein.
Title: Comparison of the immune responses induced by oral immunization of mice with Lactobacillus casei-expressing porcine parvovirus VP2 and VP2 fused to Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit protein
Output:
|
False
|
task1162_coda19_title_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 3
|
train
|
Q: In this task, you're given a paragraph and title from the research paper. Your task is to classify whether the given title is suitable or not for the research paper based on the given paragraph. Return "True" if title is proper according to paragraph else "False".
Paragraph: Immunoglobulins (Igs), also called antibodies, are present in milk and colostrum of all lactating species. Igs are divided into classes having different physico-chemical structures and biological activities. The major Ig classes in bovine and human milk are IgA, IgG and IgM. Bovine colostral Igs provide the newborn calf with passive immune protection against microbial infections until the calf's own immune system matures. Colostral Ig preparations designed for farm animals have been commercially available for many years. Potential health benefi ts attributed to bovine colostrum have increased manufacture and marketing of colostral Ig-based dietary supplements also for human use. Furthermore, specifi c anti-microbial antibodies can be produced into colostrum by immunizing cows with vaccines made of pathogenic microorganisms. These antibodies can be concentrated and used to formulate so-called immune milk preparations. Such preparations have proven effective in prevention of animal and human infections caused, e.g. by rotavirus, Shigella fl exneri, Escherichia coli, Clostridium diffi cile, Streptococcus mutans, Cryptosporidium parvum and Helicobacter pylori. Their therapeutic effi cacy, however, seems limited. A few immune milk products have been commercialized and more can be expected in the future for use, e.g. as a supportive means in antibiotic treatments and for prevention of hospital infections.
Title: Bovine milk immunoglobulins against microbial human diseases
A:
|
True
|
task1162_coda19_title_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 7
|
train
|
In this task, you're given a paragraph and title from the research paper. Your task is to classify whether the given title is suitable or not for the research paper based on the given paragraph. Return "True" if title is proper according to paragraph else "False".
Q: Paragraph: Without viral envelope proteins, viruses cannot enter cells to start infection. As the major viral proteins present on the surface of virions, viral envelope proteins are a prominent target of the host immune system in preventing and ultimately eliminating viral infection. In addition to the well-appreciated adaptive immunity that produces envelope protein-specific antibodies and T cell responses, recent studies have begun to unveil a rich layer of host innate immune mechanisms restricting viral entry. This review focuses on the exciting progress that has been made in this new direction of research, by discussing various known examples of host restriction of viral entry, and diverse viral countering strategies, in particular, the emerging role of viral envelope proteins in evading host innate immune suppression. We will also highlight the effective cooperation between innate and adaptive immunity to achieve the synergistic control of viral infection by targeting viral envelope protein and checking viral escape. Given that many of the related findings were made with HIV-1, we will use HIV-1 as the model virus to illustrate the basic principles and molecular mechanisms on host restriction targeting HIV-1 envelope protein.
Title: HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein at the Interface of Host Restriction and Virus Evasion
A:
|
True
|
task1162_coda19_title_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 4
|
train
|
In this task, you're given a paragraph and title from the research paper. Your task is to classify whether the given title is suitable or not for the research paper based on the given paragraph. Return "True" if title is proper according to paragraph else "False".
Paragraph: We describe the association of caspase-dependent and caspase-independent mechanisms in macrophage apoptosis induced by LpqH, a 19 kDa Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoprotein. LpqH triggered TLR2 activation, with upregulation of death receptors and ligands, which was followed by a death receptor signaling cascade with activation of initiator caspase 8 and executioner caspase 3. In this caspase-mediated phase, mitochondrial factors were involved in loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), release of cytochrome c, and caspase 9 activation. Interestingly, a caspase-independent pathway was also identified; by immunoblot, the mitochondrial apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) was demonstrated in nuclei and cytosol of LpqH-treated macrophages. Confocal microscopy revealed translocation of AIF to the nuclei of the majority of apoptotic cells. These findings emphasize the complex and redundant nature of the macrophage death response to mycobacteria.
Title: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lipoprotein (LpqH) Induces Macrophage Apoptosis through Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways: A Role for the Mitochondrial Apoptosis-Inducing Factor
True
Paragraph: Background: Public health emergencies have challenged the public health emergency management systems (PHEMSs) of many countries critically and frequently since this century. As the world's most populated country and the second biggest economy in the world, China used to have a fragile PHEMS; however, the government took forceful actions to build PHEMS after the 2003 SARS outbreak. After more than one decade's efforts, we tried to assess the improvements and problems of China's PHEMS between 2002 and 2012. Methods: We conducted two rounds of national surveys and collected the data of the year 2002 and 2012, including all 32 provincial, 139 municipal, and 489 county CDCs. The municipal and county CDCs were selected by systematic random sampling. Twenty-one indicators of four stages (preparation, readiness, response and recovery) from the National Assessment Criteria for CDC Performance were chosen to assess the ten-year trends. Results: At the preparation stage, organization, mechanisms, workforce, and stockpile across all levels and regions were significantly improved after one decade's efforts. At the readiness stage, the capability for formulating an emergency plan was also significantly improved during the same period. At the response stage, internet-based direct reporting was 98.8%, and coping scores were nearly full points of ten in 2012. At the recovery stage, the capabilities were generally lower than expected. Conclusions: Due to forceful leadership, sounder regulations, and intensive resources, China's PHEMS has been improved at the preparation, readiness, and response stages; however, the recovery stage was still weak and could not meet the requirements of crisis management and preventive governance. In addition, CDCs in the Western region and counties lagged behind in performance on most indicators. Future priorities should include developing the recovery stage, establishing a closed feedback loop, and strengthening the capabilities of CDCs in Western region and counties.
Title: The public health emergency management system in China: trends from 2002 to 2012
True
Paragraph: Normal piglets weaned onto soy-or egg-based diets generated antibody responses to fed protein. Concurrent infection with transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) did not affect the responses to dietary antigens at weaning, nor did it affect the subsequent development of tolerance. However, TGEV infection did enhance the primary immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG1, but not IgG2, antibody responses to injected soy in comparison to those of uninfected animals. Paradoxically, TGEV-infected animals showed an enhanced primary IgG1 antibody response to injected soy at 4 weeks of age, but they subsequently showed a reduced secondary response after an intraperitoneal challenge at 9 weeks of age in comparison to uninfected animals. The results suggest that an enteric virus, either used as a vaccine vector or present as a subclinical infection, may not have significant effects on the development of dietary allergies but may have effects both on the primary response and on the subsequent recall response to systemic antigens to which the animal is exposed concurrently with virus antigens. on March 24, 2020 by guest http://cvi.asm.org/ Downloaded from FIG. 5. Total antigen-nonspecific immunoglobulin levels throughout the experimental period for all groups. (a and b) Piglets weaned onto a soy-based diet. (c and d) Piglets weaned onto an egg-based diet. (e and f) Piglets weaned onto an egg-based diet and injected with soy intramuscularly at weaning. IgG1 levels (a, c, and e) and IgG2 levels (b, d, and f) are shown. Results shown are means Ϯ standard errors. 342 BAILEY ET AL. CLIN. DIAGN. LAB. IMMUNOL. on March 24, 2020 by guest
Title: Effects of Infection with Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus on Concomitant Immune Responses to Dietary and Injected Antigens
|
False
|
task1162_coda19_title_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 0
|
train
|
Teacher: In this task, you're given a paragraph and title from the research paper. Your task is to classify whether the given title is suitable or not for the research paper based on the given paragraph. Return "True" if title is proper according to paragraph else "False".
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Paragraph: The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic originating from China in 2002 was caused by a previously uncharacterized coronavirus that could be identified by specific RT-PCR amplification. Efforts to control future SARS outbreaks depend on the accurate and early identification of SARS-CoV infected patients. A real-time fluorogenic RT-PCR assay based on the 3 -noncoding region (3 -NCR) of SARS-CoV genome was developed as a quantitative SARS diagnostic tool. The ideal amplification efficiency of a sensitive SARS-CoV RT-PCR assay should yield an E value (PCR product concentration increase per amplification cycle) equal to 2.0. It was demonstrated that the 3 -NCR SARS-CoV based RT-PCR reactions could be formulated to reach excellent E values of 1.81, or 91% amplification efficacy. The SARS-CoV cDNA preparations derived from viral RNA extract and the cloned recombinant plasmid both exhibit the identical amplification characteristics, i.e. amplification efficacy using the same PCR formulation developed in this study. The viral genomic copy (or genomic equivalences, GE) per infectious unit (GE/pfu) of SARS-CoV used in this study was also established to be approximate 1200-1600:1. The assay's detection sensitivity could reach 0.005 pfu or 6-8 GE per assay. It was preliminarily demonstrated that the assay could efficiently detect SARS-CoV from clinical specimens of SARS probable and suspected patients identified in Taiwan. The 3 -NCR based SARS-CoV assay demonstrated 100% diagnostic specificity testing samples of patients with acute respiratory disease from a non-SARS epidemic region.
Title: Development and evaluation of an efficient 3 -noncoding region-based SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) RT-PCR assay for detection of SARS-CoV
Solution: True
Reason: The answer is true because the title of the paragraph is correct where it described the development of 3 -noncoding region of SARS-CoV genome and assay efficiently detecting SARS-CoV from clinical specimens.
Now, solve this instance: Paragraph: The use of recombinant viral vectors expressing T. gondii antigens is a safe and efficient approach to induce immune response against the parasite and a valuable tool for vaccine development. We have previously protected mice from toxoplasmosis by immunizing the animals with an adenovirus expressing the protein SAG1 (AdSAG1) of T. gondii. We are now looking for ways to improve the vaccination strategy and enhance protection. One limitation of homologous vaccinations (sequential doses of the same vector) is induction of anti-vector immune response that blocks cell transduction, restricts transgene expression and, consequently, compromises the overall outcome of vaccination. One way to avert the effects of anti-vector response is to use different viruses in prime and boost (heterologous vaccination). Bearing this in mind, we generated a modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara encoding SAG1 (MVASAG1), to be tested as boost agent after prime with AdSAG1. Although minor differences were observed in the magnitude of the anti-SAG1 immune response induced by each vaccination protocol, the heterologous immunization with AdSAG1 followed by MVASAG1 resulted in improved capacity to control brain cyst formation in a model of chronic toxoplasmosis in C57BL/6 mice.
Title: Vectors Expressing SAG1
Student:
|
False
|
task1162_coda19_title_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
In this task, you're given a paragraph and title from the research paper. Your task is to classify whether the given title is suitable or not for the research paper based on the given paragraph. Return "True" if title is proper according to paragraph else "False".
Q: Paragraph: As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses need to cross the plasma membrane and deliver their genome inside the cell. This step is initiated by the recognition of receptors present on the host cell surface. Receptors can be major determinants of tropism, host range, and pathogenesis. Identifying virus receptors can give clues to these aspects and can lead to the design of intervention strategies. Interfering with receptor recognition is an attractive antiviral therapy, since it occurs before the viral genome has reached the relative safe haven within the cell. This chapter describes the use of an immunoprecipitation approach with Fc-tagged viral spike proteins followed by mass spectrometry to identify and characterize the receptor for the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. This technique can be adapted to identify other viral receptors.
Title: Chapter 15 Identifi cation of Protein Receptors for Coronaviruses by Mass Spectrometry
A:
|
True
|
task1162_coda19_title_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 4
|
train
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you're given a paragraph and title from the research paper. Your task is to classify whether the given title is suitable or not for the research paper based on the given paragraph. Return "True" if title is proper according to paragraph else "False".
Paragraph: Following the outbreak of novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 in Wuhan, China late 2019, different countries have put in place interventions such as travel ban, proper hygiene, and social distancing to slow the spread of this novel virus. We evaluated the effects of travel bans in the Australia context and projected the epidemic until May 2020. Our modelling results closely align with observed cases in Australia indicating the need for maintaining or improving on the control measures to slow down the virus.
Title: Delaying the COVID-19 epidemic in Australia: Evaluating the effectiveness of international travel bans
|
False
|
task1162_coda19_title_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
Instructions: In this task, you're given a paragraph and title from the research paper. Your task is to classify whether the given title is suitable or not for the research paper based on the given paragraph. Return "True" if title is proper according to paragraph else "False".
Input: Paragraph: In the event of a pandemic, the general public would use filters as protective devices. However, most commercial filters only remove airborne viruses physically without inactivating them, allowing reproduction on the surface and yielding the mask as a fomite. The objective of this study was to investigate the inactivation performance of dialdehyde starch (DAS) treated filters against airborne viruses. The viable removal efficiency by and relative survivability on the biocidal filters prepared with dialdehyde starch compared to untreated filters were investigated using MS2 bacteriophage at high relative humidity (80-90%) and room temperature. Experimental results showed no significant difference in viable removal efficiency and pressure drop between the treated and untreated filters for polypropylene filtering facepiece respirators. The pressure drop of DAS treated cellulose filters significantly decreased although there was no significant change in viable removal efficiency; the combination of these two factors resulted in an increase of filter quality. All biocidal filters showed a significantly lower relative survivability than untreated filters, and the relative survivability decreased as the concentration of DAS increased. The biocidal filter treated with 4% DAS presented an average of 30% survivability compared to the baseline of untreated filters. The results demonstrate that dialdehyde starch can be incorporated onto filters to provide an effective means for inactivating MS2 viruses through surface contact.
Title: Use of dialdehyde starch treated filters for protection against airborne viruses
Output:
|
True
|
task1162_coda19_title_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 3
|
train
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task, you're given a paragraph and title from the research paper. Your task is to classify whether the given title is suitable or not for the research paper based on the given paragraph. Return "True" if title is proper according to paragraph else "False".
Paragraph: Hantavirus structural proteins are believed to localize to intracellular membranes often identified as Golgi membranes, in virus-infected cells. After virus budding into the Golgi luminal space, virus-containing vesicles are transported to the plasma membrane via trafficking pathways that are not well defined. Using the New World hantavirus, Andes virus, we have investigated the role of various Rab proteins in the release of hantavirus particles from infected cells. Rabs 8 and 11 were found to colocalize with Andes virus proteins in virus infected cells and when expressed from cDNA, implicating the recycling endosome as an organelle important for hantavirus infection. Small interfering RNA-mediated downregulation of Rab11a alone or Rab11a and Rab11b together resulted in a decrease in infectious virus particle secretion from infected cells. Downregulation of Rab8a did not alter infectious virus release but reduction of both isoforms did. These data implicate the recycling endosome and the Rab proteins associated with vesicular transport to or from this intracellular organelle as an important pathway for hantavirus trafficking to the plasma membrane.
Title: Roles for the recycling endosome, Rab8, and Rab11 in hantavirus release from epithelial cells
Output:
|
False
|
task1162_coda19_title_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 1
|
test
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you're given a paragraph and title from the research paper. Your task is to classify whether the given title is suitable or not for the research paper based on the given paragraph. Return "True" if title is proper according to paragraph else "False".
Paragraph: The sensitivities and specificities of an immunofluorescence assay and an enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibodies specific for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) were compared for 148 laboratory-confirmed SARS cases. The appearance and persistence of SARS-CoV-specific antibodies were assessed, with immunoglobulin G detected in 59% of samples collected within 14 days and persisting for 60 to 95 days after the onset of illness.
Title: Kinetics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus-Specific Antibodies in 271 Laboratory-Confirmed Cases of SARS
|
True
|
task1162_coda19_title_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 5
|
validation
|
You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
[Q]: The Gulf of Mexico (Spanish: Golfo de México) is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent. It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States, on the southwest and south by Mexico, and on the southeast by Cuba. The U.S. states of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida border the Gulf on the north, which are often referred to as the ``Third Coast'', in comparison with the U.S. Atlantic and Pacific coasts.
[A]: is the gulf of mexico part of an ocean?
[Q]: Citing the reduction of competition in the broadband and cable industries that would result from the merger, the Department of Justice planned to file an antitrust lawsuit against Comcast and Time Warner Cable in an effort to block it. On April 24, 2015, Comcast announced that it would withdraw its proposal to acquire TWC. Afterward, TWC would enter into an agreement to be acquired by Charter Communications.
[A]: are comcast and time warner the same company?
[Q]: The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec, based on the popular book series of the same name written by L.J. Smith. The series premiered on The CW on September 10, 2009, and concluded on March 10, 2017, airing 171 episodes over eight seasons.
[A]:
|
is vampire diaries a spin off of twilight?
|
task381_boolq_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
Instructions: You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
Input: A venomoid is a venomous snake that has undergone a surgical procedure to remove or inhibit the production of snake venom. This procedure has been used for venomous snakes kept as pets or used in public demonstrations in order to remove the risk of injury or death when handled. The removal of venom glands or fangs of exhibited animals may be by surgery or simple mutilation; some or all of these procedures have been considered illegal and unethical. Removal of fangs is uncommon, as snakes frequently regenerate teeth, and the more invasive procedure of removing the underlying maxillary bone would be fatal. Most venomoid procedures consist of either removing the venom gland itself, or severing the duct between the gland and the fang. However, the duct and gland have been known to regenerate, and supposedly ``safe'' snakes have killed mice and successfully envenomated humans.
Output:
|
can you remove venom glands from a snake?
|
task381_boolq_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 3
|
train
|
Part 1. Definition
You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
Part 2. Example
Powdered sugar, also called confectioners' sugar, icing sugar, and icing cake, is a finely ground sugar produced by milling granulated sugar into a powdered state. It usually contains a small amount of anti-caking agent to prevent clumping and improve flow. Although most often produced in a factory, powdered sugar can also be made by processing ordinary granulated sugar in a coffee grinder, or by crushing it by hand in a mortar and pestle.
Answer: is confectionary sugar the same as powdered sugar?
Explanation: The question is a yes/no question, and it is answerable based on the given passage.
Part 3. Exercise
Take Your Dog to Work Day (TYDTWDay) was created by Pet Sitters International and first celebrated in 1999. PSI created the day to encourage businesses to allow dogs in the workplace for one Friday each year to celebrate the great companions dogs make and promote their adoptions from local shelters, rescue groups and humane societies. PSI believes that through the event dog-less co-workers will be encouraged to adopt when they witness the human-animal bond. The week leading up to Take Your Dog To Work Day is Take Your Pet To Work Week. Take Your Dog to Work Day and Take Your Pet to Work Week are registered trademarks of Pet Sitters International, Inc.
Answer:
|
is there a national bring your dog to work day?
|
task381_boolq_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 7
|
train
|
You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
Input: Consider Input: A pawn can jump over any other pawn during its move. However, two pawns cannot occupy the same square; a pawn that lands on a square occupied by another player's pawn ``bumps'' that pawn back to its own Start. Players can not bump their own pawns back to Start; if the only way to complete a move would result in a player bumping his or her own pawn, the player's pawns remain in place and the player loses his or her turn.
Output: can you jump your own player in sorry?
Input: Consider Input: Shyamalan or Paramount/Nickelodeon did not immediately confirm the ``go-ahead'' or whether the plug will be pulled on the trilogy. While filming The Last Airbender, Shyamalan mapped out a rough draft for a second film that is ``darker'' and includes Azula, portrayed by Summer Bishil, as the main antagonist. In a July 2010 interview with New York Magazine, Shyamalan commented ``In the next few months we'll be able to know whether we have that opportunity or not'' when asked about the sequel. No such announcement was made and in a September 2010 interview when asked if he knew when the sequel will be made, he replied, ``I don't, because there are so many factors they take into account'', adding, ``I guess it will get into an area where it becomes a discussion -- like pros and cons.'' In September 2015, Shyamalan confirmed to Metro UK that he may work on the sequel after completing his next thriller, which started shooting in November 2015.
Output: is there a sequel to the last airbender?
Input: Consider Input: The Willis Tower, built as and still commonly referred to as the Sears Tower, is a 110-story, 1,450-foot (442.1 m) skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois. At completion in 1973, it surpassed the World Trade Center towers in New York to become the tallest building in the world, a title it held for nearly 25 years; it remained the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere until the completion of a new building at the World Trade Center site in 2014. The building is considered a seminal achievement for its designer Fazlur Rahman Khan. The Willis Tower is the second-tallest building in the United States and the Western hemisphere -- and the 16th-tallest in the world. More than one million people visit its observation deck each year, making it one of Chicago's most-popular tourist destinations. The structure was renamed in 2009 by the Willis Group as part of its lease on a portion of the tower's space.
|
Output: was the sears tower the tallest building in the world?
|
task381_boolq_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
Q: The following is the list of teams to overcome 3--1 series deficits by winning three straight games to win a best-of-seven playoff series. In the history of major North American pro sports, teams that were down 3--1 in the series came back and won the series 52 times, more than half of them were accomplished by National Hockey League (NHL) teams. Teams overcame 3--1 deficit in the final championship round eight times, six were accomplished by Major League Baseball (MLB) teams in the World Series. Teams overcoming 3--0 deficit by winning four straight games were accomplished five times, four times in the NHL and once in MLB.
A:
|
has any nba team ever come back from 3-0 in playoffs?
|
task381_boolq_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 9
|
train
|
Teacher: You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Powdered sugar, also called confectioners' sugar, icing sugar, and icing cake, is a finely ground sugar produced by milling granulated sugar into a powdered state. It usually contains a small amount of anti-caking agent to prevent clumping and improve flow. Although most often produced in a factory, powdered sugar can also be made by processing ordinary granulated sugar in a coffee grinder, or by crushing it by hand in a mortar and pestle.
Solution: is confectionary sugar the same as powdered sugar?
Reason: The question is a yes/no question, and it is answerable based on the given passage.
Now, solve this instance: In the U.S. a certificate of incorporation is usually used as an alternative description of a corporation's articles of incorporation. The certificate of incorporation, or articles of incorporation, form a major constituent part of the constitutional documents of the corporation. In English and Commonwealth legal systems, a certificate of incorporation is usually a simple certificate issued by the relevant government registry as confirmation of the due incorporation and valid existence of the company.
Student:
|
is a certificate of incorporation the same as articles of incorporation?
|
task381_boolq_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
Problem:Ear mites spread rapidly, and can be transmitted from even brief physical contact with other animals. In pets, ear mites most commonly affect cats, ferrets, and to a lesser extent dogs. Humans can rarely be infected with ear mites. Infected animals have a large amount of crumbly dark brown material in their ears. On close inspection, tiny white mites can be seen in the debris. Ear mites do not burrow as some mites do, but live within the ear canal.
Solution:
|
can ear mites from dogs get on humans?
|
task381_boolq_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 8
|
train
|
You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
Example: Powdered sugar, also called confectioners' sugar, icing sugar, and icing cake, is a finely ground sugar produced by milling granulated sugar into a powdered state. It usually contains a small amount of anti-caking agent to prevent clumping and improve flow. Although most often produced in a factory, powdered sugar can also be made by processing ordinary granulated sugar in a coffee grinder, or by crushing it by hand in a mortar and pestle.
Example solution: is confectionary sugar the same as powdered sugar?
Example explanation: The question is a yes/no question, and it is answerable based on the given passage.
Problem: At the 83rd Academy Awards, the film received a total of twelve award nominations, more than any other film, and won four: Best Picture, Best Director (Hooper), Best Original Screenplay (Seidler), and Best Actor (Firth). At the 68th Golden Globe Awards, the film received seven nominations, more than any other nominee, but only Firth won an award, for Best Actor. Hooper also won for Best Director at the 63rd Directors Guild of America Awards. At the 17th Screen Actors Guild Awards, Firth won the Best Actor award and the cast won Best Ensemble. At the 64th British Academy Film Awards, it won seven awards out of fourteen nominations, more than any other film, consisting of Best Film, Outstanding British Film, Best Actor (Firth), Best Supporting Actor (Rush), Best Supporting Actress (Bonham Carter), Best Original Screenplay (Seidler), and Best Music (Alexandre Desplat).
|
Solution: did the king's speech win any oscars?
|
task381_boolq_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
A hex key, Allen key or Allen wrench is a tool used to drive bolts and screws with hexagonal sockets in their heads.
|
is a hex key the same as an allen wrench?
|
task381_boolq_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 0
|
test
|
instruction:
You will be given a passage, and your task is to generate a Yes/No question that is answerable based on the given passage.
question:
Although the name ``freshwater pearl mussel'' is often used for this species, other freshwater mussel species can also create pearls and some can also be used as a source of mother of pearl. In fact, most cultured pearls today come from Hyriopsis species in Asia, or Amblema species in North America, both members of the related family Unionidae; pearls are also found within species in the genus Unio.
answer:
can you find a pearl in a mussel?
question:
Citizens of India do not need a visa to enter Nepal, and can reside permanently as Nepali citizens with no restrictions, because Article 7 the 1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship allows free movement of people between the two nations on a reciprocal basis.
answer:
do indian passport holders need visa for nepal?
question:
An income statement or profit and loss account (also referred to as a profit and loss statement (P&L), statement of profit or loss, revenue statement, statement of financial performance, earnings statement, operating statement, or statement of operations) is one of the financial statements of a company and shows the company's revenues and expenses during a particular period. It indicates how the revenues (money received from the sale of products and services before expenses are taken out, also known as the ``top line'') are transformed into the net income (the result after all revenues and expenses have been accounted for, also known as ``net profit'' or the ``bottom line''). The purpose of the income statement is to show managers and investors whether the company made or lost money during the period being reported.
answer:
|
is an income statement the same as a profit and loss?
|
task381_boolq_question_generation
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 9
|
validation
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task you are expected to provide an SQL statement from an english description of what that SQL statement does. The description may include multiple steps but you should only ouput one SQL statement that accomplishes every step. An SQL query works by selecting data from a table where certain conditions apply. A table contains columns where every row in that table must have a value for each column. Every table has a primary key that uniquely identifies each row, usually an id. To choose which columns are returned you specify that after the "SELECT" statement. Next, you use a "FROM" statement to specify what tables you want to select the data from. When you specify a table you can rename it with the "AS" statement. You can reference that table by whatever name follows the "AS" statement. If you want to select data from multiple tables you need to use the "JOIN" statement. This will join the tables together by pairing a row in one table with every row in the other table (Cartesian Product). To limit the number of rows returned you should use the "ON" statement. This will only return rows where the condition specified after the statement is true, this is usually an equals operator with primary keys. You can also use the "WHERE" statement to specify that only rows with column values statisfying a certain condition, should be returned. The "GROUP BY" statement will group rows together that have equal column values for whatever columns follows the statement. The "HAVING" statement will return groups that statisfy whatever condition follows the statement. Any column(s) being returned from grouped rows must either be an aggregate function, (AVG, MAX, COUNT, SUM, ...) of a column, or the column(s) that the data was grouped by. To sort the returned data you can use the "ORDER BY" command which will order the data by whatever aggregate function or column follows the statement. The "DESC" statement will sort in descending order and the "ASC" statement will sort in ascending order. Finally, you can use the "LIMIT" statement to return a certain number of rows. When "*" is used in an SQL statement every column is returned. For example, SELECT * FROM table WHERE attribute = 1, will select every column from rows with the attribute column equal to 1.
Q: Step 1: For each row in instructor table, find the corresponding rows in teaches table.
Step 2: find the name in the results of step 1 whose year equals 2008 ordered ascending by name
A:
|
SELECT T1.name , T1.name FROM instructor AS T1 JOIN teaches AS T2 ON T1.ID = T2.ID WHERE T2.year = 2008 ORDER BY T1.name Asc
|
task077_splash_explanation_to_sql
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 9
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task you are expected to provide an SQL statement from an english description of what that SQL statement does. The description may include multiple steps but you should only ouput one SQL statement that accomplishes every step. An SQL query works by selecting data from a table where certain conditions apply. A table contains columns where every row in that table must have a value for each column. Every table has a primary key that uniquely identifies each row, usually an id. To choose which columns are returned you specify that after the "SELECT" statement. Next, you use a "FROM" statement to specify what tables you want to select the data from. When you specify a table you can rename it with the "AS" statement. You can reference that table by whatever name follows the "AS" statement. If you want to select data from multiple tables you need to use the "JOIN" statement. This will join the tables together by pairing a row in one table with every row in the other table (Cartesian Product). To limit the number of rows returned you should use the "ON" statement. This will only return rows where the condition specified after the statement is true, this is usually an equals operator with primary keys. You can also use the "WHERE" statement to specify that only rows with column values statisfying a certain condition, should be returned. The "GROUP BY" statement will group rows together that have equal column values for whatever columns follows the statement. The "HAVING" statement will return groups that statisfy whatever condition follows the statement. Any column(s) being returned from grouped rows must either be an aggregate function, (AVG, MAX, COUNT, SUM, ...) of a column, or the column(s) that the data was grouped by. To sort the returned data you can use the "ORDER BY" command which will order the data by whatever aggregate function or column follows the statement. The "DESC" statement will sort in descending order and the "ASC" statement will sort in ascending order. Finally, you can use the "LIMIT" statement to return a certain number of rows. When "*" is used in an SQL statement every column is returned. For example, SELECT * FROM table WHERE attribute = 1, will select every column from rows with the attribute column equal to 1.
Q: Step 1: For each row in ACCOUNTS table, find the corresponding rows in SAVINGS table.
Step 2: find each value of ACCOUNTS's custid in the results of step 1 along with the summation of balance of the corresponding rows to each value
A:
|
SELECT T1.name , Sum ( T2.balance ) FROM ACCOUNTS AS T1 JOIN SAVINGS AS T2 ON T1.custid = T2.custid GROUP BY T1.custid
|
task077_splash_explanation_to_sql
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 9
|
train
|
In this task you are expected to provide an SQL statement from an english description of what that SQL statement does. The description may include multiple steps but you should only ouput one SQL statement that accomplishes every step. An SQL query works by selecting data from a table where certain conditions apply. A table contains columns where every row in that table must have a value for each column. Every table has a primary key that uniquely identifies each row, usually an id. To choose which columns are returned you specify that after the "SELECT" statement. Next, you use a "FROM" statement to specify what tables you want to select the data from. When you specify a table you can rename it with the "AS" statement. You can reference that table by whatever name follows the "AS" statement. If you want to select data from multiple tables you need to use the "JOIN" statement. This will join the tables together by pairing a row in one table with every row in the other table (Cartesian Product). To limit the number of rows returned you should use the "ON" statement. This will only return rows where the condition specified after the statement is true, this is usually an equals operator with primary keys. You can also use the "WHERE" statement to specify that only rows with column values statisfying a certain condition, should be returned. The "GROUP BY" statement will group rows together that have equal column values for whatever columns follows the statement. The "HAVING" statement will return groups that statisfy whatever condition follows the statement. Any column(s) being returned from grouped rows must either be an aggregate function, (AVG, MAX, COUNT, SUM, ...) of a column, or the column(s) that the data was grouped by. To sort the returned data you can use the "ORDER BY" command which will order the data by whatever aggregate function or column follows the statement. The "DESC" statement will sort in descending order and the "ASC" statement will sort in ascending order. Finally, you can use the "LIMIT" statement to return a certain number of rows. When "*" is used in an SQL statement every column is returned. For example, SELECT * FROM table WHERE attribute = 1, will select every column from rows with the attribute column equal to 1.
[Q]: find the eid, name of employee table
[A]: SELECT eid , name FROM employee
[Q]: find the EMPLOYEE_ID, LAST_NAME of employees table with largest value of SALARY
[A]: SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID , LAST_NAME FROM employees ORDER BY SALARY Desc LIMIT 1
[Q]: find without repetition the name, Location, Product of enzyme table for which name contains inhibitor
[A]:
|
SELECT DISTINCT name , Location , Product FROM enzyme WHERE name LIKE "inhibitor"
|
task077_splash_explanation_to_sql
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
Instructions: In this task you are expected to provide an SQL statement from an english description of what that SQL statement does. The description may include multiple steps but you should only ouput one SQL statement that accomplishes every step. An SQL query works by selecting data from a table where certain conditions apply. A table contains columns where every row in that table must have a value for each column. Every table has a primary key that uniquely identifies each row, usually an id. To choose which columns are returned you specify that after the "SELECT" statement. Next, you use a "FROM" statement to specify what tables you want to select the data from. When you specify a table you can rename it with the "AS" statement. You can reference that table by whatever name follows the "AS" statement. If you want to select data from multiple tables you need to use the "JOIN" statement. This will join the tables together by pairing a row in one table with every row in the other table (Cartesian Product). To limit the number of rows returned you should use the "ON" statement. This will only return rows where the condition specified after the statement is true, this is usually an equals operator with primary keys. You can also use the "WHERE" statement to specify that only rows with column values statisfying a certain condition, should be returned. The "GROUP BY" statement will group rows together that have equal column values for whatever columns follows the statement. The "HAVING" statement will return groups that statisfy whatever condition follows the statement. Any column(s) being returned from grouped rows must either be an aggregate function, (AVG, MAX, COUNT, SUM, ...) of a column, or the column(s) that the data was grouped by. To sort the returned data you can use the "ORDER BY" command which will order the data by whatever aggregate function or column follows the statement. The "DESC" statement will sort in descending order and the "ASC" statement will sort in ascending order. Finally, you can use the "LIMIT" statement to return a certain number of rows. When "*" is used in an SQL statement every column is returned. For example, SELECT * FROM table WHERE attribute = 1, will select every column from rows with the attribute column equal to 1.
Input: Step 1: For each row in list table, find the corresponding rows in teachers table.
Step 2: find the number of rows in the results of step 1 whose FirstName equals LORIA and FirstName equals ONDERSMA
Output:
|
SELECT Count ( * ) FROM list AS T1 JOIN teachers AS T2 WHERE T1.FirstName = "LORIA" AND T2.FirstName = "ONDERSMA"
|
task077_splash_explanation_to_sql
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 3
|
train
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task you are expected to provide an SQL statement from an english description of what that SQL statement does. The description may include multiple steps but you should only ouput one SQL statement that accomplishes every step. An SQL query works by selecting data from a table where certain conditions apply. A table contains columns where every row in that table must have a value for each column. Every table has a primary key that uniquely identifies each row, usually an id. To choose which columns are returned you specify that after the "SELECT" statement. Next, you use a "FROM" statement to specify what tables you want to select the data from. When you specify a table you can rename it with the "AS" statement. You can reference that table by whatever name follows the "AS" statement. If you want to select data from multiple tables you need to use the "JOIN" statement. This will join the tables together by pairing a row in one table with every row in the other table (Cartesian Product). To limit the number of rows returned you should use the "ON" statement. This will only return rows where the condition specified after the statement is true, this is usually an equals operator with primary keys. You can also use the "WHERE" statement to specify that only rows with column values statisfying a certain condition, should be returned. The "GROUP BY" statement will group rows together that have equal column values for whatever columns follows the statement. The "HAVING" statement will return groups that statisfy whatever condition follows the statement. Any column(s) being returned from grouped rows must either be an aggregate function, (AVG, MAX, COUNT, SUM, ...) of a column, or the column(s) that the data was grouped by. To sort the returned data you can use the "ORDER BY" command which will order the data by whatever aggregate function or column follows the statement. The "DESC" statement will sort in descending order and the "ASC" statement will sort in ascending order. Finally, you can use the "LIMIT" statement to return a certain number of rows. When "*" is used in an SQL statement every column is returned. For example, SELECT * FROM table WHERE attribute = 1, will select every column from rows with the attribute column equal to 1.
find the rows of regions table
Output:
|
SELECT * FROM regions
|
task077_splash_explanation_to_sql
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 1
|
train
|
Definition: In this task you are expected to provide an SQL statement from an english description of what that SQL statement does. The description may include multiple steps but you should only ouput one SQL statement that accomplishes every step. An SQL query works by selecting data from a table where certain conditions apply. A table contains columns where every row in that table must have a value for each column. Every table has a primary key that uniquely identifies each row, usually an id. To choose which columns are returned you specify that after the "SELECT" statement. Next, you use a "FROM" statement to specify what tables you want to select the data from. When you specify a table you can rename it with the "AS" statement. You can reference that table by whatever name follows the "AS" statement. If you want to select data from multiple tables you need to use the "JOIN" statement. This will join the tables together by pairing a row in one table with every row in the other table (Cartesian Product). To limit the number of rows returned you should use the "ON" statement. This will only return rows where the condition specified after the statement is true, this is usually an equals operator with primary keys. You can also use the "WHERE" statement to specify that only rows with column values statisfying a certain condition, should be returned. The "GROUP BY" statement will group rows together that have equal column values for whatever columns follows the statement. The "HAVING" statement will return groups that statisfy whatever condition follows the statement. Any column(s) being returned from grouped rows must either be an aggregate function, (AVG, MAX, COUNT, SUM, ...) of a column, or the column(s) that the data was grouped by. To sort the returned data you can use the "ORDER BY" command which will order the data by whatever aggregate function or column follows the statement. The "DESC" statement will sort in descending order and the "ASC" statement will sort in ascending order. Finally, you can use the "LIMIT" statement to return a certain number of rows. When "*" is used in an SQL statement every column is returned. For example, SELECT * FROM table WHERE attribute = 1, will select every column from rows with the attribute column equal to 1.
Input: find id of trip table whose duration greater than 60 and duration greater than 384
Output:
|
SELECT id FROM trip WHERE duration > 384 AND duration > 60
|
task077_splash_explanation_to_sql
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
In this task you are expected to provide an SQL statement from an english description of what that SQL statement does. The description may include multiple steps but you should only ouput one SQL statement that accomplishes every step. An SQL query works by selecting data from a table where certain conditions apply. A table contains columns where every row in that table must have a value for each column. Every table has a primary key that uniquely identifies each row, usually an id. To choose which columns are returned you specify that after the "SELECT" statement. Next, you use a "FROM" statement to specify what tables you want to select the data from. When you specify a table you can rename it with the "AS" statement. You can reference that table by whatever name follows the "AS" statement. If you want to select data from multiple tables you need to use the "JOIN" statement. This will join the tables together by pairing a row in one table with every row in the other table (Cartesian Product). To limit the number of rows returned you should use the "ON" statement. This will only return rows where the condition specified after the statement is true, this is usually an equals operator with primary keys. You can also use the "WHERE" statement to specify that only rows with column values statisfying a certain condition, should be returned. The "GROUP BY" statement will group rows together that have equal column values for whatever columns follows the statement. The "HAVING" statement will return groups that statisfy whatever condition follows the statement. Any column(s) being returned from grouped rows must either be an aggregate function, (AVG, MAX, COUNT, SUM, ...) of a column, or the column(s) that the data was grouped by. To sort the returned data you can use the "ORDER BY" command which will order the data by whatever aggregate function or column follows the statement. The "DESC" statement will sort in descending order and the "ASC" statement will sort in ascending order. Finally, you can use the "LIMIT" statement to return a certain number of rows. When "*" is used in an SQL statement every column is returned. For example, SELECT * FROM table WHERE attribute = 1, will select every column from rows with the attribute column equal to 1.
Example Input: find the product_name of Products table for which product_description equals white
Example Output: SELECT product_name FROM Products WHERE product_description = "white"
Example Input: find each value of Cylinders in cars_data table along with the maximum Cylinders of the corresponding rows to each value
Example Output: SELECT Max ( Cylinders ) , Accelerate FROM cars_data GROUP BY Cylinders
Example Input: find the Product_Name of Products table for which Product_Price less than 1000000
Example Output:
|
SELECT Product_Name FROM Products WHERE Product_Price < 1000000
|
task077_splash_explanation_to_sql
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 3
|
train
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task.
In this task you are expected to provide an SQL statement from an english description of what that SQL statement does. The description may include multiple steps but you should only ouput one SQL statement that accomplishes every step. An SQL query works by selecting data from a table where certain conditions apply. A table contains columns where every row in that table must have a value for each column. Every table has a primary key that uniquely identifies each row, usually an id. To choose which columns are returned you specify that after the "SELECT" statement. Next, you use a "FROM" statement to specify what tables you want to select the data from. When you specify a table you can rename it with the "AS" statement. You can reference that table by whatever name follows the "AS" statement. If you want to select data from multiple tables you need to use the "JOIN" statement. This will join the tables together by pairing a row in one table with every row in the other table (Cartesian Product). To limit the number of rows returned you should use the "ON" statement. This will only return rows where the condition specified after the statement is true, this is usually an equals operator with primary keys. You can also use the "WHERE" statement to specify that only rows with column values statisfying a certain condition, should be returned. The "GROUP BY" statement will group rows together that have equal column values for whatever columns follows the statement. The "HAVING" statement will return groups that statisfy whatever condition follows the statement. Any column(s) being returned from grouped rows must either be an aggregate function, (AVG, MAX, COUNT, SUM, ...) of a column, or the column(s) that the data was grouped by. To sort the returned data you can use the "ORDER BY" command which will order the data by whatever aggregate function or column follows the statement. The "DESC" statement will sort in descending order and the "ASC" statement will sort in ascending order. Finally, you can use the "LIMIT" statement to return a certain number of rows. When "*" is used in an SQL statement every column is returned. For example, SELECT * FROM table WHERE attribute = 1, will select every column from rows with the attribute column equal to 1.
Step 1: For each row in Product_Categories table, find the corresponding rows in Products table.
Step 2: find each value of parent_product_id in the results of step 1 along with the summation of vat_rating of the corresponding rows to each value
Output:
|
SELECT T2.parent_product_id , Sum ( T1.vat_rating ) FROM Product_Categories AS T1 JOIN Products AS T2 ON T1.production_type_code = T2.production_type_code GROUP BY T2.parent_product_id
|
task077_splash_explanation_to_sql
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 1
|
train
|
In this task you are expected to provide an SQL statement from an english description of what that SQL statement does. The description may include multiple steps but you should only ouput one SQL statement that accomplishes every step. An SQL query works by selecting data from a table where certain conditions apply. A table contains columns where every row in that table must have a value for each column. Every table has a primary key that uniquely identifies each row, usually an id. To choose which columns are returned you specify that after the "SELECT" statement. Next, you use a "FROM" statement to specify what tables you want to select the data from. When you specify a table you can rename it with the "AS" statement. You can reference that table by whatever name follows the "AS" statement. If you want to select data from multiple tables you need to use the "JOIN" statement. This will join the tables together by pairing a row in one table with every row in the other table (Cartesian Product). To limit the number of rows returned you should use the "ON" statement. This will only return rows where the condition specified after the statement is true, this is usually an equals operator with primary keys. You can also use the "WHERE" statement to specify that only rows with column values statisfying a certain condition, should be returned. The "GROUP BY" statement will group rows together that have equal column values for whatever columns follows the statement. The "HAVING" statement will return groups that statisfy whatever condition follows the statement. Any column(s) being returned from grouped rows must either be an aggregate function, (AVG, MAX, COUNT, SUM, ...) of a column, or the column(s) that the data was grouped by. To sort the returned data you can use the "ORDER BY" command which will order the data by whatever aggregate function or column follows the statement. The "DESC" statement will sort in descending order and the "ASC" statement will sort in ascending order. Finally, you can use the "LIMIT" statement to return a certain number of rows. When "*" is used in an SQL statement every column is returned. For example, SELECT * FROM table WHERE attribute = 1, will select every column from rows with the attribute column equal to 1.
Example Input: find the FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, SALARY, DEPARTMENT_ID of employees table
Example Output: SELECT FIRST_NAME , LAST_NAME , SALARY , DEPARTMENT_ID FROM employees
Example Input: find the average min_temperature_f in weather table
Example Output: SELECT Avg ( min_temperature_f ) FROM weather
Example Input: find the School, Location of university table
Example Output:
|
SELECT School , Location FROM university
|
task077_splash_explanation_to_sql
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 3
|
test
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task you are expected to provide an SQL statement from an english description of what that SQL statement does. The description may include multiple steps but you should only ouput one SQL statement that accomplishes every step. An SQL query works by selecting data from a table where certain conditions apply. A table contains columns where every row in that table must have a value for each column. Every table has a primary key that uniquely identifies each row, usually an id. To choose which columns are returned you specify that after the "SELECT" statement. Next, you use a "FROM" statement to specify what tables you want to select the data from. When you specify a table you can rename it with the "AS" statement. You can reference that table by whatever name follows the "AS" statement. If you want to select data from multiple tables you need to use the "JOIN" statement. This will join the tables together by pairing a row in one table with every row in the other table (Cartesian Product). To limit the number of rows returned you should use the "ON" statement. This will only return rows where the condition specified after the statement is true, this is usually an equals operator with primary keys. You can also use the "WHERE" statement to specify that only rows with column values statisfying a certain condition, should be returned. The "GROUP BY" statement will group rows together that have equal column values for whatever columns follows the statement. The "HAVING" statement will return groups that statisfy whatever condition follows the statement. Any column(s) being returned from grouped rows must either be an aggregate function, (AVG, MAX, COUNT, SUM, ...) of a column, or the column(s) that the data was grouped by. To sort the returned data you can use the "ORDER BY" command which will order the data by whatever aggregate function or column follows the statement. The "DESC" statement will sort in descending order and the "ASC" statement will sort in ascending order. Finally, you can use the "LIMIT" statement to return a certain number of rows. When "*" is used in an SQL statement every column is returned. For example, SELECT * FROM table WHERE attribute = 1, will select every column from rows with the attribute column equal to 1.
Problem:find the product_name, typical_selling_price, product_description of Products table for which product_category_code equals Herbs
Solution:
|
SELECT product_name , typical_selling_price , product_description FROM Products WHERE product_category_code = "Herbs"
|
task077_splash_explanation_to_sql
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 8
|
validation
|
Definition: In this task, you are given a country name and you need to return the capital city of the given country
Input: Northern Ireland
Output:
|
Belfast
|
task1146_country_capital
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
In this task, you are given a country name and you need to return the capital city of the given country
[Q]: Ethiopia
[A]: Addis Abeba
[Q]: Ecuador
[A]: Quito
[Q]: Ghana
[A]:
|
Accra
|
task1146_country_capital
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
Definition: In this task, you are given a country name and you need to return the capital city of the given country
Input: Uganda
Output:
|
Kampala
|
task1146_country_capital
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 2
|
train
|
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. In this task, you are given a country name and you need to return the capital city of the given country
Spain
|
Madrid
|
task1146_country_capital
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 5
|
train
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, you are given a country name and you need to return the capital city of the given country
United States
Solution: Washington
Why? Washington is the capital city of United States.
New input: Cook Islands
Solution:
|
Avarua
|
task1146_country_capital
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 0
|
train
|
In this task, you are given a country name and you need to return the capital city of the given country
One example is below.
Q: United States
A: Washington
Rationale: Washington is the capital city of United States.
Q: Yemen
A:
|
Sanaa
|
task1146_country_capital
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 9
|
train
|
In this task, you are given a country name and you need to return the capital city of the given country
One example is below.
Q: United States
A: Washington
Rationale: Washington is the capital city of United States.
Q: Malta
A:
|
Valletta
|
task1146_country_capital
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 9
|
train
|
In this task, you are given a country name and you need to return the capital city of the given country
One example: United States
Solution is here: Washington
Explanation: Washington is the capital city of United States.
Now, solve this: Nepal
Solution:
|
Kathmandu
|
task1146_country_capital
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 6
|
train
|
Definition: In this task, you are given a country name and you need to return the capital city of the given country
Input: Canada
Output:
|
Ottawa
|
task1146_country_capital
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 2
|
test
|
In this task, you are given a country name and you need to return the capital city of the given country
Q: Lithuania
A:
|
Vilnius
|
task1146_country_capital
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 4
|
validation
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, you will be presented with a question having multiple possible answers in Polish language. And you should choose a most suitable option out of "A", "B", "C", "D", and "E" based on your commonsense knowledge.
Question: Major Tom chciał zachować broń. Tak samo niebezpieczny jak oni, czuł, że mogą mieć co w przyszłości?
Options: (A) Odpady (B) Ulica (C) ruina (D) gnić (E) Użyj
Solution: E
Why? One preserves something mainly if he/she thinks that it might be useful in the future. Hence, the predicted answer is correct.
New input: Question: Dziecko nauczyło się muzyki ze słuchu, nigdy nawet jej nie widziało, co?
Options: A Opera B złożony z C napisany na papierze D Nauczyciel E Skradziony
Solution:
|
C
|
task1140_xcsr_pl_commonsense_mc_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 0
|
train
|
In this task, you will be presented with a question having multiple possible answers in Polish language. And you should choose a most suitable option out of "A", "B", "C", "D", and "E" based on your commonsense knowledge.
Example Input: Question: Jeśli ktoś jest dość przebiegły z igłami, może mieć różne hobby, takie jak igłowanie, szydełkowanie, czy po prostu co?
Options: A Szycie B maszyna do szycia C sklep artystyczny D Ramka E Salon
Example Output: A
Example Input: Question: Billy jechał na długie wakacje, ale zanim to zrobił, miał coś do jedzenia. Gdzie on mógł jeść?
Options: A prom kosmiczny B stacja benzynowa C disneyland D supermarket E dom przyjaciela
Example Output: E
Example Input: Question: Kuwejt i inni w regionie nie zawsze są z nim od razu związani, ale gdzie się znajdują?
Options: A państwa Zatoki Perskiej B środkowy wschód C arabia D azja E kuwait
Example Output:
|
D
|
task1140_xcsr_pl_commonsense_mc_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 3
|
train
|
instruction:
In this task, you will be presented with a question having multiple possible answers in Polish language. And you should choose a most suitable option out of "A", "B", "C", "D", and "E" based on your commonsense knowledge.
question:
Question: Jeśli ludzie zostaną postrzeleni w głowę kulą, jaki jest prawdopodobny rezultat?
Options: A umierać nagle B migrena C kompletna szkoła średnia D wierzyć w Boga E przejście przez rzekę
answer:
A
question:
Question: To był pierwszy raz, kiedy poznali swoją nową siostrzenicę, dobrze było mieć wszystkich razem na corocznym co?
Options: A zjazd rodzinny B rodzinna książeczka obrazkowa C drzewo genealogiczne D dom brata E Książka
answer:
A
question:
Question: Samotny człowiek popełnił samobójstwo, dlaczego miałby to robić?
Options: A cierpienie B był szczęśliwy C uniknąć problemów D ból końcowy E Nieszczęśliwy
answer:
|
E
|
task1140_xcsr_pl_commonsense_mc_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 9
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be presented with a question having multiple possible answers in Polish language. And you should choose a most suitable option out of "A", "B", "C", "D", and "E" based on your commonsense knowledge.
Problem:Question: Gdzie jest przechowywana cyna na zawsze?
Options: A torba na zakupy B sklep z narzędziami C sklep z antykami D złomowisko E składowisko odpadów
Solution:
|
E
|
task1140_xcsr_pl_commonsense_mc_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 8
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be presented with a question having multiple possible answers in Polish language. And you should choose a most suitable option out of "A", "B", "C", "D", and "E" based on your commonsense knowledge.
Q: Question: Co chcesz robić, gdy idziesz na przedstawienie, które jest interaktywne?
Options: A wiedzieć gdzie B Wyjechać z C Doświadczenie D Brawo E Zachwyt
A:
|
C
|
task1140_xcsr_pl_commonsense_mc_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 9
|
train
|
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, you will be presented with a question having multiple possible answers in Polish language. And you should choose a most suitable option out of "A", "B", "C", "D", and "E" based on your commonsense knowledge.
Question: Major Tom chciał zachować broń. Tak samo niebezpieczny jak oni, czuł, że mogą mieć co w przyszłości?
Options: (A) Odpady (B) Ulica (C) ruina (D) gnić (E) Użyj
Solution: E
Why? One preserves something mainly if he/she thinks that it might be useful in the future. Hence, the predicted answer is correct.
New input: Question: Co prawdopodobnie zobaczysz w Dniu Niepodległości?
Options: A świnia pocztowa B pokaz sztucznych ogni C mina lądowa D Armia E plac budowy
Solution:
|
B
|
task1140_xcsr_pl_commonsense_mc_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 0
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be presented with a question having multiple possible answers in Polish language. And you should choose a most suitable option out of "A", "B", "C", "D", and "E" based on your commonsense knowledge.
See one example below:
Problem: Question: Major Tom chciał zachować broń. Tak samo niebezpieczny jak oni, czuł, że mogą mieć co w przyszłości?
Options: (A) Odpady (B) Ulica (C) ruina (D) gnić (E) Użyj
Solution: E
Explanation: One preserves something mainly if he/she thinks that it might be useful in the future. Hence, the predicted answer is correct.
Problem: Question: Skąd matka czyta swojemu dziecku bajkę?
Options: A wysoki budynek B budynek brytyjski C centrum handlowe D księżyc E księga opowieści
Solution:
|
E
|
task1140_xcsr_pl_commonsense_mc_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 4
|
train
|
In this task, you will be presented with a question having multiple possible answers in Polish language. And you should choose a most suitable option out of "A", "B", "C", "D", and "E" based on your commonsense knowledge.
--------
Question: Question: Skąd przybywają obcy?
Options: A mars B cotygodniowe wiadomości światowe C roswell D Wszechświat E przestrzeń kosmiczna
Answer: E
Question: Question: John pracuje dla firmy, która nic nie robi. Po prostu kupuje, sprzedaje, i co robi?
Options: A towary okrętowe B zamówienie pocztowe C popełnić przestępstwo D zasoby własne E regały magazynowe
Answer: A
Question: Question: Agent nieruchomości, który może dostać każdy, aby cokolwiek zrobić, było całkiem co?
Options: A Sprytne B manipulować C Urokliwy D Zwodzić E pokrywać się
Answer:
|
B
|
task1140_xcsr_pl_commonsense_mc_classification
|
NIv2
|
fs_opt
| 7
|
train
|
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you will be presented with a question having multiple possible answers in Polish language. And you should choose a most suitable option out of "A", "B", "C", "D", and "E" based on your commonsense knowledge.
Problem:Question: Z jakiego medium ludzie dostają piwo?
Options: A sklep monopolowy B Butelka C sklep spożywczy D Lodówka E Kasyno
Solution:
|
B
|
task1140_xcsr_pl_commonsense_mc_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 8
|
test
|
Q: In this task, you will be presented with a question having multiple possible answers in Polish language. And you should choose a most suitable option out of "A", "B", "C", "D", and "E" based on your commonsense knowledge.
Question: Gdzie poza wschodnimi Stanami Zjednoczonymi znalazłbyś ukwiał?
Options: A klucze na Florydzie B basen pływowy C kwietnik D morze koralowe E Akwarium
A:
|
A
|
task1140_xcsr_pl_commonsense_mc_classification
|
NIv2
|
zs_opt
| 7
|
validation
|
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