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Do particles at different temperatures experience time differently? Can we heat particles to near-relativistic speeds?	Well, 1 mph experiences less time dilation that 2 mph. So the answer to the first question is trivially yes. For the second part, you'd experience relativistic phenomena that converts an energetic particle into multiple particles before you started reaching too high of energies, but the dilation effects would increase ...	[ "In classical mechanics all particles can be thought of as having some energy made up of their potential energy and kinetic energy. Temperature, for example, arises from the intensity of random particle motion caused by kinetic energy (known as brownian motion). As temperature is reduced to absolute zero, it might ...
Did the Red Army really use human-wave tactics in World War II?	Borrowing from the answer I provided last week for the [Eastern Front AMA](_URL_0_) > It isn't not true, but it didn't happen like you see in Enemy at the Gates. > > There are three principle ways that human waves were utilized during the war. > > * In the very early months, the fight was exceptionally d...	[ "The basic tactical principles of the Red Army remained those used during World War I, primarily trench warfare, until the emergence of theoreticians such as Uborevich, Tukhachevsky and Triandafillov who transformed the tactical, operational and strategic conduct of war in Soviet military philosophy.\n", "Develop...
What was Hitlers policy towards Freemasons, and were any masons in his administration?	Hjalmar Schacht was the only freemason in the 1933 Nazi government. The Nazi's associated freemasonry with international conspiracies and denounced it in their propaganda. Freemasonry in Germany was targeted immediately after the Nazi's came to power in 1933 and became illegal in 1935, after most of the lodges had alre...	[ "Historically, complaints have been made that the Masons have secretly plotted to create a society based on the revolutionary ideals of liberty, equality, fraternity, separation of church and state and (in Nazi Germany) a Jewish plot for religious tolerance. Similarly, some anti-Masons have claimed that Freemasonry...
Recommend me a good book covering Europe in the period after the Roman Empire and before the turn of the millenium (1000AD)	Chris Wickham's The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000 (2009) sounds like the book you are looking for. Wickham is an excellent historian and his breadth of knowledge really shines in this book, it's not often that you can find a medievalist just as comfortable talking about Anglo-Saxon England...	[ "The library offers approximately 90,000 printed titles and 900,000 licensed online resources on the history of Europe from the mid-15th century. There is an emphasis on general European history and international history, as well as on church history and the history of theology since the period of Humanism and the ...
why is the devil portrayed as he is?	From the Gauls. They had a horned god who was master of the hunt. When Christianity was absorbing paganism, he was turned into the adversary.	[ "Satan, also known as the Devil, is an entity in the Abrahamic religions that seduces humans into sin or falsehood. In Christianity and Islam, he is usually seen as either a fallen angel or a jinn, who used to possess great piety and beauty, but rebelled against God, who nevertheless allows him temporary power over...
so what happened to greece after the media stopped caring about it?	If a crisis occurs and no major news outlets cover it, does it make any crisis?	[ "The crisis has laid bare the unsustainability of Greek media, and the dependence of media owners on state support in terms of tax breaks and public advertisement revenues, and reciprocating by publishing favourable stories, in a self-censorship mode. When public funds dried up, media went bankrupt, while the gover...
why does mac & cheese thicken as it sits?	* evaporation * mac still sucking up water * fats in the cheese coagulating again	[ "In the United States, string cheese generally refers to snack-sized servings of low-moisture mozzarella. This form of string cheese is roughly cylindrical, about 6 inches (15 cm) long and less than 1 inch (2.54 cm) in diameter. The common term is a \"cheese stick\" which is cut and packaged, either individually or...
During the American Civil War were the tactics used really as far behind the technology as stated in many documentaries?	The mass fire tactics used with muskets with ball shot were developed in part because of the relative inaccuracy of a single shot from the weapons. The development of the minie ball made each individual capable of hitting his target over 100 yards away. So you go from people shooting at masses of people and hoping th...	[ "The Civil War drove many innovations in military tactics. W. J. Hardee published the first revised infantry tactics for use with modern rifles in 1855. However, even these tactics proved ineffective in combat, as it involved massed volley fire, in which entire units (primarily regiments) would fire simultaneously....
does keeping my phone plugged in hurt the battery, and what is the best charging practice to keep my battery at maximum efficiency?	A lithium battery is happiest when it's cool and between 20% and 80% state of charge. So ideally you would slow-charge it to keep the temperature down, unplug it at 80% and plug it back in before it gets too low. Leaving it plugged in isn't great because it means you're charging it to 100%, but it's not really any wor...	[ "Which electrical practices, and so which charger, are best suited for use depending entirely on the type of battery. NiCd cells must be fully discharged occasionally, or else the battery loses capacity over time due to a phenomenon known as \"memory effect.\" Once a month (perhaps once every 30 charges) is sometim...
Why did Musket and bayonet era troops (1600-1800+) Why bright colorful clothes? most notably the British redcoats?	[There are](_URL_0_) [several](_URL_2_) [answers about this](_URL_1_) [in the past](_URL_3_). I'd recommend going through them. If you have any other follow up questions, I'll be happy to answer but the simple answer is that they're like that to create a regimental unity and to show which side they're on.	[ "The iconic \"Redcoat\" of the British Empire was the staple unit in the British armies that created the largest empire in history. The British infantryman was equipped with the .75 calibre Land Pattern Musket, or Brown Bess. He was well trained by the standards of the time, training with live ammunition. A fully t...
Why is Michigan one state and not two separate, smaller, states?	This was asked and answered last week: [Why is Michigan's Upper Peninsula part of Michigan and not part of Wisconsin (or even its own state)?](_URL_0_)	[ "Michigan is largely divided in the same way as many other U.S. states, but is distinct in its usage of charter townships. Michigan ranks 13th among the 50 states in terms of the number of local governmental entities.\n", "The state of Michigan is largely divided in the same way as many other U.S. states, but is ...
Did any non-European powers ever engage in colonialism or become an overseas power?	Yes, absolutely. Since I assume you're referring to the 'age of imperialism', the first and foremost example would be Japan. Throughout the Tokugawa Shogunate, from 1600-the mid 1800s, Japan had been in relative self-imposed isolation. Large scale trade continued with other east-asian countries, most prominently Korea...	[ "While the other European colonial powers, such as France, Britain and the Netherlands, gave up their colonial empires in the post-war years, both Spain and Portugal clung to their possessions around the globe. Portugal fought a costly colonial war in Africa and in 1961 saw its territory of Goa invaded by India. De...
why is there cotton in various medication containers?	pills bad when wet, cotton absorbs water. pills bad when broken, cotton absorbs shock.	[ "Cotton and cotton blends dominate the market. The most common blend being cotton and polyester. Cotton provides absorbency and a soft hand, while polyester adds durability and wrinkle resistance. Other common fibers used in the manufacturing of bed sheets include linen, silk, Modal and bamboo rayon, lyocell, and p...
What culture was the first to create candy? How did that happen?	The practice of eating raw honey and honeycomb is so old it predates history, and possibly even humans in the sense of anatomically modern Homo sapiens. Does your definition of "candy" mean the sugar has to be cooked?	[ "Candy has its origins mainly in Ancient India. Between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE, the Persians, followed by the Greeks, discovered the people in India and their \"reeds that produce honey without bees\". They adopted and then spread sugar and sugarcane agriculture. Sugarcane is indigenous to tropical South and...
Why did the Allied Strategic Bombing campaigns of 1942-45 help break Axis civilian resolve while German “Blitz” of 1940 helped strengthen British civilian resolve?	Does this question assume facts not in evidence?	[ "The strategic bombing campaign against German industrial cities, military installations and a wide variety of other targets continued throughout World War Two and made a decisive contribution to Allied victory. Although the Royal Air Force suffered significant losses of both men and aircraft, the campaign severely...
computer science and computer engineering.	Computer Engineering is generally associated with hardware - making better physical components that make the computer run. Computer Science is generally associated with software. However, there is some crossover. Knowing a little about CE may situationally help a software developer optimize their code. Likewise a ha...	[ "Computer Engineering is a combination of elements of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, which deals with the design, and utilization of computers. The parent discipline of Computer Engineering is Electrical Engineering with which it shares considerable commonali...
how do conjoined twins fit in the womb?	The womb can stretch a lot and unborn babies are very pliable. They can curl up into fairly small balls (newborns have soft bones). Also important to remember is that the vast majority of twin pregnancies (even non-conjoined ones) will not make it full term. The average length of a twin pregnancy is 36 weeks (vs 40 wee...	[ "Conjoined twins (or the once-commonly used term \"siamese\") are monozygotic twins whose bodies are joined together during pregnancy. This occurs when the zygote starts to split after day 12 following fertilization and fails to separate completely. This condition occurs in about 1 in 50,000 human pregnancies.\n", ...
When does "simplifying" history for children in text books become falsifying history or misinformation?	It all depends on what you want to teach. What is your goal for the students to reach? Quick example: If I teach about Rome, I want them to see the class struggle, the legitimate grievances the peasants had, what the reforms were tried, and why they failed. But I have neither time nor the capacity for understanding o...	[ "Since the mid -50s it has become vogue to reread and reinterpret classic children’s books. As to what children’s books should accomplish trouble cultural observers. However, they agree that the narratives in children’s books must delete unequal social arrangements: and instead of identifying inequality, describe, ...
How does a computer processor wear out?	Current flow causes heat. Heat causes expansion. Cooling allows contraction. Solid state components often fail when connections break down due to the constant cycling of expansion and contraction. I'm not sure about the cpu die itself but the connections where the die meets the conductors will be made from differe...	[ "A common problem amongst single processor G5s was that the plate of metal soldered to the Logic Board connecting all eight of the RAM slots would, over time, expand and contract in such a way that the computer could not boot properly, as it would not detect any RAM. The only way known to fix this problem is for so...
how are booger formed and what makes them change colors?	You breathe in lots of dust during the day. You don't want dust in your lungs. The hairs in your nose and mucus capture the dust to prevent them from entering your lungs. Boogers are just collections of dust and mucus. They change colors based on what kind of dust is in there.	[ "The wort is moved into a large tank known as a \"copper\" or kettle where it is boiled with hops and sometimes other ingredients such as herbs or sugars. This stage is where many chemical reactions take place, and where important decisions about the flavour, colour, and aroma of the beer are made. The boiling proc...
why are there so many ladyboys in thailand?	Being a primarily Buddhist country, there is much less stigma attached to being gay or TG there.	[ "Similarly, in Thailand, \"kathoey\", or \"ladyboys,\" have been a feature of Thai society for many centuries, and Thai kings had male as well as female lovers. While \"kathoey\" may encompass simple effeminacy or transvestism, it most commonly is treated in Thai culture as a third gender. They are generally accept...
being from canada, why do all these sports websites block me from watching a highlight from their website?	Content rights are generally owned on a country-by-country basis. The owner of that highlight may only have authority to broadcast it in say Belarus, not in Angola. As such, since they are legally not allowed to show you the content since you live in Angola, they don't show it to you. There may be some company in An...	[ "Sportsnet shows two flagship national games per week, Scotiabank Wednesday Night Hockey, and Rogers Hometown Hockey on Sunday nights—which features segments hosted on-location by Ron MacLean from various Canadian cities as part of a nationwide tour. On Saturday nights, the Sportsnet channels, CBC, and Citytv broad...
How liquid crystals rotate light's polarization?	No, they don't act as polarizers, they are what's called a birefringent material. Linear polarization can be described as a linear combination of left and right circular polarizations, and the angle of linear polarization is given by the phases between the left and right circular polarizations. Liquid crystals have di...	[ "When the liquid crystal material is in its natural state, light passing through the first filter will be rotated (in terms of polarity) by the twisted molecule structure, which allows the light to pass through the second filter. When voltage is applied across the electrodes, the liquid crystal structure is untwist...
Why do we teach more complex sciences earlier in life, and wait until around 11th-12th grade to start explaining physics.	Physics require understanding of calculus. Calculus requires a lot of prerequisite knowledge of math that takes years to learn.	[ "Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and, through its inclusion of astronomy, perhaps \"the\" oldest. Over much of the past two millennia, physics, chemistry, biology, and certain branches of mathematics, were a part of natural philosophy, but during the Scientific Revolution in the 17th century these...
how do scientists make money?	People that fund research: A Company looking to make a product, Universities, The Government in General, The Military in Specific, NASA in Specific, and people who donate to research funds.	[ "Private funding for research comes from philanthropists, crowd-funding, private companies, non-profit foundations, and professional organizations. Philanthropists and foundations have been known to pour millions of dollars into a wide variety of scientific investigations, including basic research discovery, diseas...
Would a woman be allowed to become a blacksmith in Medieval Europe?	The Holkham Bible (British Library Add. MS 47682) from 14th century England isn't a "Bible" in the standard sense. It's more like a biblically-based storybook, combining prose and poetry narratives that weave apocryphal legends into bible stories. This sort of narrative or historiated Bible isn't unusual for the later ...	[ "Women were admitted to membership in the majority of the medieval craft guilds, but membership in a guild did not carry with it the right of being apprenticed, although it implied that a female member might share in all its benefits, pious and pecuniary, and in the event of her husband’s death (he being a master) ...
i dont understand animals having multiple primary colours. what do they see?	Light is Radiation and there are different frequencies that correspond with different colors. Us humans have three distinct receptors in our eyes and are able to see a part of the radiation spectrum with them. Other animals have more types of receptors and see colors like infrared (a to us invisible frequency of the ra...	[ "Animals can also appear coloured due to structural colour, the result of coherent scattering perceived as iridescence. The structures themselves are colourless. Light typically passes through multiple layers and is reflected more than once. The multiple reflections compound one another and intensify the colours. S...
How and why was what constitutes a deck of playing cards decided upon?	Hey there - while you're waiting for an answer for your question, here are some related topics that you might be interested in: /u/AshkenazeeYankee discusses the traditional colors for playing cards: [Why are playing cards red and black?](_URL_1_) /u/Vox_Imperatoris talks about the original games: [What games were pl...	[ "A deck of cards consists of any number of cards, generally of a uniform size and of rigid enough paper stock that they may be reused. Some may bear artwork, writing or other game-relevant content created during past games, with a reasonable stock of cards that are blank at the start of gameplay. Some time may be t...
At the most fundamental level, what stops me from falling through the floor?	The electrons in your feet are repelled by the electrons in the floor.	[ "When the athlete drops down to the floor, the body experiences an impact upon landing. The higher the height of the step-off platform, the greater the impact force upon landing. This creates a shock to the body which the body responds to by undergoing a strong involuntary muscular contraction to prevent the body f...
how do zambonis work?	Cooling tubes embedded in the concrete beneath the ice keep it at a temperature which is somewhat below zero. This is important, as it needs to keep the ice cold enough to freeze the additional water which is laid down during resurfacing. The machine first scrapes the ice to remove shavings and prevent weak spots with ...	[ "Zambales (; ; ; ; ) is a province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region in the island of Luzon. Its capital is the Municipality of Iba which is strategically located in the middle of the province. Zambales borders Pangasinan to the north and northeast, Tarlac to the east,\n", "The Zamboni is a s...
Did the US really save UK's ass in WW2?	There's lots of different opinions on this and lots of valid reasoning for all conclusions. However, I will say that the one thing everybody should agree on is this: The US entry into WWII drastically shortened the war and saved an untold number of British and Commonwealth lives. And for that matter, the bravery and...	[ "Britons' actual wartime diet was never as severe as in the Cambridge study because imports from America successfully avoided the U-boats, but rationing improved the health of British people; infant mortality declined and life expectancy rose, discounting deaths caused by hostilities. This was because it ensured th...
How many atoms "thin" does a solid sheet have to be before it becomes transparent?	Depends on what the paper is made out of. Glass can be rather thick and still be transparent. An equally thick piece of most metals would be opaque. However, a sufficiently thin piece of gold foil is mostly transparent and is used on astronaut helmets as a filter.	[ "Materials can be transparent. This is referred to as being \"dissolved\". Unlike real transparency, the result does not depend upon the thickness of the object. A value of 1.0 for \"d\" is the default and means fully opaque, as does a value of 0.0 for \"Tr\".\n", "The act of applying a thin film to a surface is ...
Could high blood pressure be treated by giving blood every week?	The blood pressure is not because you have too much blood in your system. You have the correct amount of blood :) The problem is occlusion of the blood vessels. and so, yes, high BP is definitely a symptom of something else.	[ "In people who do not have a diagnosis of high blood pressure, drinking 2–3 liters of fluid a day and taking 10 grams of salt can improve symptoms, by maximizing the amount of fluid in the bloodstream. Another strategy is keeping the head of the bed slightly elevated. This reduces the return of fluid from the limbs...
To what degree was Manifest Destiny religious in its origin?	The answer, in my view, is both entirely yes and not really at the same time. Here's why: The United States of the nineteenth century was an overwhelmingly religious country. Even compared to today's US, which is much more religious than most of Europe, people believed during the nineteenth century. In particula...	[ "Manifest Destiny was the belief that American settlers were destined to expand across the continent. This concept was born out of \"A sense of mission to redeem the Old World by high example ... generated by the potentialities of a new earth for building a new heaven\". The phrase \"Manifest Destiny\" meant many d...
Drink with lime in a solid copper mug, is there a chemical reaction that changes the flavor?	it's called a [Moscow Mule](_URL_0_). Copper oxidizes over time, creating a layer of copper oxide in the cup. When copper oxide (a base) comes into contact with the citric acid (an acid) from the lime juice, the neutralization results in a salt. Now, whether this produces enough salt to be noticeable in the drink, I ...	[ "This compound is often improperly called (even in chemistry articles) copper carbonate, cupric carbonate, and similar names. The true (neutral) copper(II) carbonate CuCO is not known to occur naturally. It is decomposed by water or moisture from the air, and was synthesized only in 1973 by high temperature and ver...
What happens to light and thermal energy?	Light won't disappear. If light is not absorbed it will travel forever. If it is absorbed it can be converted to thermal energy, warming the object up. There are other things that can happen when light is absorbed depending on the material absorbing the light. Thermal energy can be converted into light e.g. a fire or ...	[ "Heat is energy in transit that flows due to a temperature difference. Unlike heat transmitted by thermal conduction or thermal convection, thermal radiation can propagate through a vacuum. Thermal radiation is characterized by a particular spectrum of many wavelengths that are associated with emission from an obje...
what authority permits the us national guard to be deployed overseas?	I would assume that this would fall under either voluntary order, or Presidential Reserve Call up. Which is basically a fancy way of saying, if the president and his team think a certain situation calls for federal aid he can send the guard. There generally isn't much of a problem getting enough volunteers to go on mis...	[ "The Army National Guard as currently authorized and organized operates under Title 10 of the United States Code when under federal control, and Title 32 of the United States Code and applicable state laws when under state control. The Army National Guard may be called up for active duty by the state or territorial...
Were puritan women permitted any rights?	One of the greatest debates between historians of the reformation is whether or not it was a was a positive movement for women. It's difficult to say whether it was entirely positive or negative, but I'd have to agree more with the side claiming that it was on the whole a positive movement for women. Protestants valu...	[ "During the English Civil War, the Puritans briefly passed a law that divested marriage of all sacrament, leaving it as a secular contract that could be broken. John Milton wrote four divorce tracts in 1643–1645 that argued for the legitimacy of divorce on grounds of spousal incompatibility. His ideas were ahead of...
why are different types of alcohol (vodka, gin, whiskey, tequila, etc.) associated with different moods of intoxication (violent, mellow, happy, crazy, etc.)?	It's because of the situations in which you drink them. Not a lot of people sit quietly at home and sip tequila while reading a nice book - that's more of a thing for wine or brandy, so we associate those with a quiet or a thoughtful drunk. We drink tequila at parties (or good tequila at a nice dinner or something) s...	[ "Excessive concentrations of some alcohols other than ethanol may cause off-flavors, sometimes described as \"spicy\", \"hot\", or \"solvent-like\". Some beverages, such as rum, whisky (especially Bourbon), incompletely rectified vodka (e.g. Siwucha), and traditional ales and ciders, are expected to have relatively...
What does the interior of the ISS smell like	Apparently, [meat and metal.](_URL_0_)	[ "BULLET::::- Smell - The space station has a permanent odor described as the smell of gunpowder. Due to the zero gravity, the bodily fluids rise to the face and prevent the sinuses from drying up, which dulls the sense of smell.\n", "The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station in low Earth orbit. Its...
Curiosity on Support for Nixon during the Nixon Presidency	> Not only towards the time of his resignation, but as the investigation rolled on (I see it began in 1972; his resignation occurred in 1974.) did he still have many staunch supporters stating he was innocent? Taken from an earlier answer: Most Republicans stuck out with Nixon to the end. In August 1974, a week befo...	[ "Courage and Hesitation: Notes and Photographs of the Nixon Administration is a 1971 non-fiction book by Allen Drury. It is an inside look at U. S. President Richard Nixon and those closest to him midway through his first term in office, with photographs by Fred J. Maroon.\n", "Also in 1955, while Nixon was servi...
Can too much cardio be bad for your heart? And how do you know how much is too much?	Yes. A review conducted by the Mayo clinic has found that excessive exercise can actually cause patchy scarring in the heart. However, excessive exercise was defined as people who are marathon or ultramarathon runners, not your average Joe. They found that up to 60 minutes of vigorous physical activity per day can b...	[ "Rates of adverse effects are based on a comparison versus placebo in people with heart failure. Most common side effects include dizziness (17% vs 9% ), low blood pressure (7% vs 2%), and diarrhea (5% vs 4%). Less common side effects include joint pain, fatigue, and back pain (all 3% vs 2%).\n", "In many cases, ...
oil price goes up, market crashes. oil price goes down, market crashes. wtf??	Basically OPEC dropped the price of oil per barrel because they didn't want to lose money. They wanted to drive the price of oil so low that we have to stop fracing cause we wouldn't make any money. Certain countries need to sell oil for a certain amount per barrel otherwise they won't make any money. They can drill fo...	[ "A commodity price bubble was created following the collapse in the housing bubble. The price of oil nearly tripled from $50 to $140 from early 2007 to 2008, before plunging as the financial crisis began to take hold in late 2008. Experts debate the causes, which include the flow of money from housing and other inv...
how is it that in 10 years i’ve never seen an answer posted in here that a 5 yr old could understand or not become incredibly bored with inside of 5 seconds?	Read the sidebar. > LI5 means friendly, simplified and layperson-accessible explanations - not responses aimed at literal five-year-olds. That would be why.	[ "A woman, recounting a story about an old man who used to answer all her \"stupid questions\", explained \"Chica, if you ask a question it makes you look stupid for 5 minutes – but if you don't ask – you stay stupid for fifty years, so always ask questions in your life\".\n", "The people that answer questions off...
if energy is not created nor destroyed, what happens to the energy in batteries once a device uses it?	The energy changes form. While in the battery it is stored chemically. While the battery is being used, it is transferred to electrical energy, and when all of that done, the energy is dissipated as heat (the same reason why your laptop may be hot right now). That heat then disperses and its energy is no longer useful ...	[ "Energy is lost during the process of converting the electrical energy to mechanical energy. Approximately 90% of the energy from the battery is converted to mechanical energy, the losses being in the motor and drivetrain.\n", "Batteries convert chemical energy directly to electrical energy. In many cases, the el...
what does the denotations of flu viruses, like h1n1 or h7n9 indicate?	The two proteins on the surface of the virus, hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). The numbers are indices to identify the protein variations.	[ "Influenza A virus subtype H3N2 (A/H3N2) is a subtype of viruses that causes influenza (flu). H3N2 viruses can infect birds and mammals. In birds, humans, and pigs, the virus has mutated into many strains. In years in which H3N2 is the predominate strain, there are more hospitalizations.\n", "Seasonal H3N2 flu is...
how do we keep such good track all of the objects that are orbiting earth?	The laws of the universe are actually fairly simple. They get complex when it's a whole bunch of them mixing together - but space is perhaps one of the least "law-mixing" regions. Basically if you know the velocity of an object and the mass of the objects around it, you can very precisely predict its movement just us...	[ "Orbiting at an altitude of approximately ; orbital radius of approximately , each SV makes two complete orbits each sidereal day, repeating the same ground track each day. This was very helpful during development because even with only four satellites, correct alignment means all four are visible from one spot for...
How large were the Greek Colonies in the Mediterranean?	They were some of the largest cities of the Greek world. Herodotus tells us that Cyrene (in modern Libya) could field 6000 hoplites in the mid-6th century BC, which means it would be outmatched only by the biggest communities of the Greek mainland. In the Classical period, Syracuse (in Sicily) was the second largest Gr...	[ "Influential Greek colonies in the western Mediterranean – many of them in today's Italy — included Cyme, Rhegium (Rhegion) by Chalcis and Zankle (c. 8th century), Syracuse by Corinth/Tenea (c. 734 BC), Naxos by Chalcis (c. 734 BC), Massalia (the later Marseille, France, c. 598 BC) and Agathe (shortly after Massali...
why is the nuremberg defense not considered valid?	The Nuremberg Defense refers to a legal strategy employed by many of the defendants at the Nuremberg war crimes trials seeking to convict Nazi perpetrators of war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the Second World War. Many of those defendants claimed that they were not guilty of the charges against t...	[ "However, US General Telford Taylor, who had served as Chief Counsel for the United States during the Nuremberg trials, employed the term \"Nuremberg defense\" in a different sense. He applied it not to the defense offered by the Nuremberg defendants but to a justification put forward by those who refused to take p...
information theory	Information theory does not require a being. It does tell you what the being can (theoretically) do with the information, and whether (and how much) he can tell the information from noise. If you get caught up in philosophical questions, you'll probably just confuse the issue. Look at it this way: instead of wondering ...	[ "Information theory studies the transmission, processing, extraction, and utilization of information. Abstractly, information can be thought of as the resolution of uncertainty. In the case of communication of information over a noisy channel, this abstract concept was made concrete in 1948 by Claude Shannon in his...
How come only mammals have external ears?	Different types of species have different reasons. Such as snakes and some reptiles don't have them as to protect themselves from getting dirt and water in their ear. Birds on the other hand don't have them because they have small feathers that cover the ear hole to reduce noise generated from high winds. _URL_0_	[ "In mammals the cues for hearing are usually based on inter-aural intensity differences, which occur as a result of the diffraction of a progressive sound wave by the head and pinna. They could also be based on inter-aural time differences that are present because of the distance between their two ears. Moles have ...
how does stephen hawking continually contribute to science despite his severe disability?	For the most part, he doesn't. His scientific output has declined significantly since the 1980s, when he retained more control over his body. This actually isn't that unusual for even able bodied theoretical physicists, who tend to peak in their 20s and 30s. Since then, he has been more of a science popularizer than...	[ "Some of his contributions in the scientific field include knowledge of the inner ear, motion sickness, disorientation, and biological effects of space flight. Other of Money’s interests include badminton, skiing, acrobatic flying, skydiving, fishing, and reading.\n", "In the late 1960s, Hawking's physical abilit...
I am a proud member of the Soviet Union, and I have answered the call to defend the Mother Land against the Facists in WWII. What is the extent of my training, and what is my fate?	Ah, the popular view of the Red Army; questions along these lines pop up every now and then. You'll be most interested in u/Georgy_K_Zhukov's [answer on blocking detachments](_URL_1_), which also addresses several other matters along the way - namely, your question 2 and part of your question 3. The remainder of your ...	[ "Until the war's end in 1945, the 1st Red Banner Army covered some of the long far eastern borders of the Soviet Union. In August 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, and the Soviet Far East Front attacked into Japanese-occupied Manchuria, as part of the Soviet invasion of Manchuria, led by Marshal of the ...
article 13 meme ban?	It just bans copyrighted imagery, so if someone draws/makes something/takes a photo then you can’t steal it to make a meme out of it.	[ "A popular internet meme, started in 2011 and based on the show, became widely popular on social media in early 2018. The meme consists of five panels depicting a dispute between Paul Sr. and his son Paul Jr. In the original scene, Paul Sr. shouts at Paul Jr. for being late to work and Paul Jr. shouts back, throws ...
History questions about the medieval period	I think a good place to start for you would be Ian Mortimer's The Time Traveller's Guide to Fourteenth-Century England (or, if you prefer early modern, The Time Traveller's Guide to Elizabethan England--you might find that some of the issues you're asking about are more relevant later). It's a solid, well-sourced b...	[ "The close of the medieval history is also variously fixed; some make it coincide with the rise of Humanism and the Renaissance in Italy, in the 14th century; with the Fall of Constantinople, in 1453; with the discovery of America by Columbus in 1492; or, again, with the great religious schism of the 16th century. ...
how does color work and does it exist in the dark?	Color is something your brain generates, to represent various wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, the part of the spectrum we call visible light. It does this in response to those wavelengths falling upon receptor cells in your retina that are sensitive to those wavelengths. Color does not exist 'outside' your b...	[ "Color is the element of art that is produced when light, striking an object, is reflected back to the eye. There are three properties to color. The first is hue, which simply means the name we give to a color (red, yellow, blue, green, etc.). The second property is intensity, which refers to the vividness of the c...
Does a map of North and/or South America pre-colonialism exist?	There are some old petroglyphs and other items you may find interesting here: 'Maps, mapmaking and use of maps by native North Americans' _URL_0_	[ "The Piri reis map was discovered in 1929 while Topkapi Palace, Constantinople, Turkey was being converted into a museum. It consists of a map drawn on gazelle skin, primarily detailing the western coast of Africa and the eastern coast of South America. The map is considered to have been drawn in 1572 by piri reis,...
[Opinion]How has the American Civil War and Reconstruction affected the forming of the two modern political parties and modern American politics in general?	In my opinion, the modern condition of the two parties is a result of things much more recent - Nixon's Southern Strategy and the rise of Fox News. The Civil War and Reconstruction certainly played their part, see the Civil Rights Act, but in terms of meaningful effect I would still focus on more recent times.	[ "The Civil War and Reconstruction issues polarized the parties until the Compromise of 1877 finally ended the political warfare. War issues resonated for a quarter century, as Republicans waved the \"bloody shirt\" (of dead union soldiers), and Democrats warned against Black supremacy in the South and plutocracy in...
how did the 9 month school/3 month break system develop and how come it's universal?	It has to do with buildings being hot and sweaty and poorly ventilated during the summer. Completely an urban thing -- nothing to do with agriculture. Edit: It may have started as an agricultural thing, but as soon as school schedules became synchronized (no more rural schoolhouses), that went out the window. It's al...	[ "As school systems grew throughout the United States they became more aligned with college and university schedules, which already observed a break during summer. Breaks became more frequent as well. Original schools observed New Year’s Day, Easter, Fourth of July, Thanksgiving, and Christmas. The duration of break...
what would happen if everyone maxed out all of their credit cards at once?	I like this question, generally banks or lending institutions extend lines of credit, but use statistical algorithms to decide how much money to keep available, so it's possible Visa might run out of money, since this is an essentially impossible occurrence, for which they are not prepared.	[ "This second form of credit card hijacking was created by marketers who recognized that subscription based services generally have relatively low periodic billing amounts which will generally go unnoticed on any given credit card statement. So what happens is that long after the user loses interest in the subscript...
how does the vocaloid software work?	In order to understand it, you first have to understand a bit about the difference between English and Japanese. English writing breaks everything down into letters (c+a+t = cat). Japanese breaks things down into the sounds (kuh+at = cat). So, in Japanese they have this huge list of phonemes (that's the most basic u...	[ "Vocaloid's technology is generally categorized into the concatenative synthesis in the frequency domain, which splices and processes the vocal fragments extracted from human singing voices, in the forms of time-frequency representation. The Vocaloid system can produce the realistic voices by adding vocal expressio...
How and where does our brain store the "voices" of people/friends so that when we imagine them, we can hear them in our heads.	There may actually be one neuron in your brain that fires in response to a familiar voice. I heard someone found evidence of voice-activation of the "grandmother cell", but unfortunately I can't find a reference for it now. The [grandmother cell](_URL_0_) is a single neuron that fires in response to the face of a speci...	[ "During a real-life conversation, sounds follow a complex journey before reaching the listener's ears for decoding by the brain. The human brain analyses the sounds and all their alterations to determine the source's position in the room. This enables the brain to know instantly who the speaker is, even without rec...
What would be the first language of the Irish who arrived in the United States in the 19th century? What impact or relation did it have to their relation to society?	By far the majority of the Irish who arrived in the US in the 19th Century spoke only English, or were bilingual in English and Gaelic. The 1861 census of Ireland (a few years after the large potato famine immigration, but the best data I could find, and unlikely to have been much different in 1846) found that only 2%...	[ "Irish people brought the language with them to North America as early as the 17th century (when it is first mentioned). In the 18th century it had many speakers in Pennsylvania. Immigration from Irish-speaking counties to America was strong throughout the 19th century, particularly after the Famine, and many manus...
in regards to verbal communication, how long does it take baby animals to comprehend what their older counterparts are communicating?	Well for humans there's many stages of learning involved in speech and speech comprehension. Babies are prone to mimicking what they see or hear, so seeing the movement of their parents mouths and the noises that come out pushes them to do the same. Obviously their brains are not fully developed so they start with babb...	[ "Infants use words to communicate early in life and their communication skills develop as they grow older. Communication skills aid in word learning. Infants learn to take turns while communicating with adults. While preschoolers lack precise timing and rely on obvious speaker cues, older children are more precise ...
What happens when you magnetize antimatter?	> According to Einsteins equation a reaction with 1 gram of antimatter colliding with another gram of regular matter of the same element can create x1335 the energy need to propel the Saturn V Rocket to light speed This uses the Newtonian formula for kinetic energy. The correct formula for kinetic energy shows that y...	[ "Antiferromagnets, like ferrimagnets, have two sublattices with opposing moments, but now the moments are equal in magnitude. If the moments are exactly opposed, the magnet has no remanence. However, the moments can be tilted (spin canting), resulting in a moment nearly at right angles to the moments of the sublatt...
what is the difference between a snowball effect and a domino effect?	Just my thoughts... Domino effect would create a chain reaction of multiple events. For example: you yell at someone, which ruins their day, they then yell at someone, running their day, and so on. The be original action is essentially repeated in a similar manner. Snowball effect would create a larger reaction with ...	[ "A domino effect or chain reaction is the cumulative effect produced when one event sets off a chain of similar events. The term is best known as a mechanical effect and is used as an analogy to a falling row of dominoes. It typically refers to a linked sequence of events where the time between successive events is...
Airplanes and passenger weight. Cost difference in flying heavy/light passengers.	I'm approving this on a very tentative basis. Please keep the discussion to the science of flight-weight ratios alone and not the ethical implications of such a system.	[ "By this point the Model 2229 effort had progressed to detail design. The 100-passenger aircraft had settled at about 420,000 lb, heavier than the Boeing 707 while holding 20% fewer passengers. As the operational costs of an aircraft are roughly defined by the aircraft fuel use, a function of weight, divided by the...
Where there any proposals to create an African nation in America?	There were black communities set up by African Americans in the late 1870s-80s, but they weren't protected by the government like Native American reservations. The people participating in the communities were called [exodusters](_URL_1_) because of the exodus from the south to states like Kansas. One of the more well ...	[ "The focus for developing the United States of Africa so far has been on building subdivisions of Africa - the proposed East African Federation can be seen as an example of this. Former President of Senegal, Abdoulaye Wade, had indicated that the United States of Africa could exist from as early as 2017. The Africa...
someone explain cpu cores to me	You seem to have a bit of a misconception about what clock speeds mean. It isn't a measurement of how fast a processor is. 2.7 GHz processor means that it does 2.7 billion cycles per second. If you overclocked your CPU to double the clock speed it would be able to make 2x as many calculations per second. But comparing ...	[ "The CPU core is a two-way superscalar in-order RISC processor. Based on the MIPS R5900, it implements the MIPS-III instruction set architecture (ISA) and much of MIPS-IV, in addition to a custom instruction set developed by Sony which operated on 128-bit wide groups of either 32-bit, 16-bit, or 8-bit integers in s...
why is crying a natural response to both extreme sadness and extreme happiness, but not so much for anything in between?	Crying is a response to extreme emotion- I’ve seen people cry from being scared, angry (kind of the same thing) etc. it’s a natural way to release those pent up emotions. You wouldn’t need to cry over something mild happening, like say, your food order being late, unless you already had a bunch of unexpressed emotions ...	[ "The question of the function or origin of emotional tears remains open. Theories range from the simple, such as response to inflicted pain, to the more complex, including nonverbal communication in order to elicit altruistic helping behavior from others. Some have also claimed that crying can serve several biochem...
What's the difference between formulas, algorithms and equations?	An equation always has an "equal" sign in the middle, and declares that the two things on either side of it are equal. A formula is a type of equation. An algorithm is a defined series of instructions...a recipe or procedure.	[ "In computing, a formula typically describes a calculation, such as addition, to be performed on one or more variables. A formula is often implicitly provided in the form of a computer instruction such as.\n", "The mathematical notation used for formulas has its own grammar, not dependent on a specific natural la...
Were ancient Greek statues really coloured like this?	There was a good discussion about the specifics of the color recreations on the sub a few weeks back; you can read it [here](_URL_0_).	[ "BULLET::::- Ancient Greek sculptures were originally painted bright colors; they only appear white today because the original pigments have deteriorated. Some well-preserved statues still bear traces of their original coloration.\n", "Ancient Greek sculptures were originally painted bright colors; they only appe...
how can wal-mart sell so many items for cheaper than other big box store prices?	Wal-Mart is notorious for selling lower quality versions of similar products at other stores. They have other angles, but above all, keep an eye on the quality at Wal-Mart, it is noticeably less than other stores.	[ "Unlike many other retailers, Walmart does not charge [[slotting fee]]s to suppliers for their products to appear in the store. Instead, it focuses on selling more-popular products and provides incentives for store managers to drop unpopular products.\n", "Products at Walmart Neighborhood Market stores carry the ...
How different would the star constellation be around Alpha Centauri? Would we share any of the same noticeable constellations?	Even as most of the "constellation stars", ie. the one's visible with the naked eye, tend to be relatively close(*) to Sol, they're still, generally, tens, hundreds and even thousands of lightyears away. So, most of the stars' apparent positions would shift relatively little by the meager 4 ly jump from Sun to Alpha C...	[ "Alpha Centauri A and B are Sun-like stars (Class G and K), and together they form the binary star Alpha Centauri AB. To the naked eye, the two main components appear to be a single star with an apparent magnitude of −0.27, forming the brightest star in the southern constellation of Centaurus and the third-brightes...
why do so many ant hills show up after it's been raining?	Ant hills are usually caused by ants dumping debris out of the holes that lead into their home complexes. After a rain, a lot of dirt and debris has fallen off the walls and into the holes, and has to be removed. So the ants take all that out and dumps it into the area around the holes, making a hill.	[ "Ant hill art is a growing collecting hobby. It involves pouring molten metal (typically non-toxic zinc or aluminum), plaster or cement down an ant colony mound acting as a mold and upon hardening, one excavates the resulting structure. In some cases, this involves a great deal of digging. The casts are often used ...
when looking at laptops, is the mah the capacity of the battery? is it multiplied by how many cells there are?	The thing that matters is watt hours. That is amp hours times nominal voltage. Assuming the batteries are of the same chemistry, thus each cell has the same voltage, yes, it's proportional to the number of cells. So the 6 cell 4.4 stores almost twice as much energy as the 3 cell 4.6.	[ "The laptop design specification goals are consumption of about 2 W of power during normal use, far less than the 10 W to 45 W of conventional laptops. With build 656, power consumption is between 5 and 8 watts measured on G1G1 laptop. Future software builds are expected to meet the 2-watt target.\n", "It is most...
how was the world able to work together to ban cfcs and protect the ozone layer, but aren't making those same enviornmental gains now?	Not an expert by any means, but CFCs in aerosol cans and the like are easily and cheaply replaced by other gases. Carbon emissions are the main cause of climate change and those are caused by fossil fuel consumption. The oil, gas, and coal industry has a much more powerful lobby in governments, and hydrocarbons are a l...	[ "In his 1993 book, \"Ecoscam\", Bailey wrote, \"Despite a great deal of continuing scientific uncertainty, it appears that CFCs do contribute to the creation of the Antarctic ozone hole and perhaps a tiny amount of global ozone depletion. ... [I]t makes sense to phase out the use of CFCs.\" When \"Science\" reporte...
why do many businesses, especially those with long term aspirations lease vs buy their buildings?	Lease payments are deductible business expenses. Leasing property or equipment reduces a company's taxable income dollar-for-dollar. A building owned by the company is an asset. Depreciation reduces taxable income, as well as does interest on loans taken to acquire business assets, but in general leasing is the bett...	[ "Lease-purchase contract agreements are open source in nature and flexible to the needs of the tenant/buyer and landlord/seller. Lease-purchase contracts are popular with tenant/buyers who have poor credit scores, lower savings for down payments, or people who are moving from one city to another but are pending a s...
why do we as humans, classify things that we perceive are beautiful, elegant, graceful etc. and other things are abhorrent, loathsome, repulsive etc.	I think that this originally comes from instinctual knowledge about how things look. We are predisposed to like flowing water and healthy green plants and to dislike rotting things and dark places basically anything that could have caused us harm. Everything else is just an extension of this and the things we have seen...	[ "BULLET::::5. \"Beauty\": The collective knowledge of philosophers and mathematicians of the past, as well as modern day artists, scientists, models and musicians form the basis for considering what people find beautiful and why.\n", "The characterization of a person as “beautiful”, whether on an individual basis...
where does the flu go?	It's still there. The number of infected people just go down because people aren't stuck inside together, so it doesn't get passed as easily. But once it gets colder and people stay inside together, one infected person can infect more people.	[ "Typically, influenza is transmitted from infected mammals through the air by coughs or sneezes, creating aerosols containing the virus, and from infected birds through their droppings. Influenza can also be transmitted by saliva, nasal secretions, feces and blood. Infections occur through contact with these bodily...
why do i pass out when i see my own bloody injuries?	Yeah, what we're disgusted/shocked at is generally not in our control. It's not a voluntary response, where we look at something and consciously think, "OH GOSH that is so gross I'm gonna pass out." It's really our subconsciousness' decision. Since your sister also does this, it might be [vasovagal syncope.](_URL_2_...	[ "Not only does this interview depict the agony of having to watch ones fellow soldiers being slaughtered, but also how it feels to be personally brutalized. The fire had burned my clothes and I was lying there mostly naked with burns all over my body. There was no bleeding or pain, which had to be a blessing at the...
the new rules regarding overtime pay announced by the department of labor	An individual has to pass two tests to be considered exempt. 1. They have to perform certain types of duties at work 2. They had to be paid a minimum of $23,600 per year If they met both tests they were "exempt" from the fair labor standards act, which means they did not have to be paid overtime. They could be pa...	[ "The U.S. Department of Labor changed overtime pay rules on May 18, 2016. The process began in 2014 when President Obama signed a Presidential Memorandum that directed the Department of Labor to update regulations that affect white collar workers who fall under minimum wage and overtime protections.\n", "The Unit...
Your Finger is Pricked by a HIV Infected Needle- Can You Amputate To Save Yourself?	No. This kind of thing happens to nurses and other medical workers more often than you would think. First, the chances of getting HIV from this type of exposure are pretty low. It isn't like sharing a needle for intravenous drug use where blood is actually drawn up into the syringe. Second, if there is a known expo...	[ "A simple prick or accidentally touching a used infected needle can put someone at risk of acquiring Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, or HIV. Hepatitis B is the easiest to contract, followed by Hepatitis C, followed by HIV from discarded needles. Almost 50% of people who participate in IVDU have Hepatitis C. Not only are ...
Does the universe really look like a brain cell?	First it should be pointed out that this is not a picture of the universe. This is picture of a dark matter simulation. That being said, if you choose the right scale, on the right simulation, and choose the right colour scheme to compare with, then they do look similar. I can't say much as to the validity of what a br...	[ "The Boltzmann brain argument suggests that it is more likely for a single brain to spontaneously and briefly form in a void (complete with a false memory of having existed in our universe) than it is for our universe to have come about in the way modern science thinks it actually did. It is a reductio ad absurdum ...
Why can't some tissues like ligaments regenerate?	In order for parts of the human body to regenerate, stem cells have to be present that can differentiate into the damaged tissue. You might be familiar with the fact that your skin is continuously being replaced as old cells are sloughed off and replaced with new ones. This occurs because epithelial stem cells are pres...	[ "Ligaments are similar to tendons and fasciae as they are all made of connective tissue. The differences in them are in the connections that they make: ligaments connect one bone to another bone, tendons connect muscle to bone, and fasciae connect muscles to other muscles. These are all found in the skeletal system...
what is reddit?	Reddit is like a forum, except anybody can create their own sub-forums (or "sub-reddits") within it if they'd like. Some of the most popular threads in the most popular sub-forums are aggregated and displayed on the front page by default. (The word "aggregate" simply means "to gather together"). However, you can cre...	[ "Reddit is a website comprising user-generated content—including photos, videos, links, and text-based posts—and discussions of this content in what is essentially a bulletin board system. The name \"Reddit\" is a play-on-words with the phrase \"read it\", i.e., \"I read it on Reddit.\" , there are approximately 33...
How does the chemical composition of air influences our behaviour?	> Q What happens to human behaviour when the current balance of the global chemical composition of air is changed? That's a very vague question. Temporary low oxygen enviornments over a few weeks can boost red blood cell count which can benefit athletes in training. High oxygen environments can benefit people, but th...	[ "Air sensitivity is a term used, particularly in chemistry, to denote the reactivity of chemical compounds with some constituent of air. Most often, reactions occur with atmospheric oxygen (O) or water vapor (HO), although reactions with the other constituents of air such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO...
the differences and similarities between anarchy and communism	Anarchy is an ideology which asserts that there is no need for a government for a peaceful and ideal community. On the other hand communism requires a government. And the key idea behind communism is to make all citizen equal.(This is the duty of the government) For example all of them will have a house but the houses ...	[ "While communism is proposed as a form of social and economic organisation by many anarchists, other anarchists consider it a danger to the liberty and free development of the individual. Most schools of anarchism have recognized a distinction between libertarian and authoritarian forms of communism. Pierre-Joseph ...
In the human heart, why are the atria and ventricles of the same side separated from each other? Couldn't there just be a right chamber that pumps blood to the lungs and a left chamber that pumps blood around the body?	It would be possible to make a heart that relies completely on passive filling in humans, but we have evolved from animals in which atria contribute much more than in our heart. In mammals and humans, the atria play a relatively small role, when they contract they contribute ~10-30% to ventricular filling. In an othe...	[ "The heart is a four-chambered organ consisting of right and left halves, called the right heart and the left heart. The upper two chambers, the left and right atria, are entry points \"into\" the heart for blood-flow returning from the circulatory system, while the two lower chambers, the left and right ventricles...
why do people that aren't normally suicidal, randomly have the urge or thought to drive into oncoming traffic or other ways to die?	The feeling you're describing is called as L’appel du Vide or the high place phenomenon. The speculation is that when you see somthing like oncoming traffic, you veer away or step back as an instinct, a survival response. But your conscious brain, constructs a rational explanation for the instinct. "I must have wanted...	[ "Some suicides are the result of intended car crashes. This especially applies to single-occupant, single-vehicle accidents, \"because of the frequency of its use, the generally accepted inherent hazards of driving, and the fact that it offers the individual an opportunity to imperil or end his life without conscio...
I'm the head of a Roman family during the height of the Imperial Period and the Tax Collector asks for the taxes, and I refuse for one reason or another. What happens next?	The head of a Roman family? Or a provincial? A Roman wouldn't have had to pay taxes, Roman citizens were exempt from all taxes except the vectigals, a broad class of duties levied generally on trade. Most Roman citizens would not have paid any taxes at all, except for those few who engaged in some sort of merchant tr...	[ "The measures of taxation in the reign of Augustus were determined by population census, with fixed quotas for each province. Citizens of Rome and Italy paid indirect taxes, while direct taxes were exacted from the provinces. Indirect taxes included a 4% tax on the price of slaves, a 1% tax on goods sold at auction...
How do scientists know what planets look like, what they're made out of, whether it could sustain life etc. They're millions of light years away and they don't see much detail, right? And what do scientists see when they see into telescopes like the Hubble. Do they just see a round ball or more?	Well, first off, we don't know of any exoplanets that are millions of light years away. That's MUCH too far to be able to spot planets. [Here's a list of known exoplanets.](_URL_0_) The farthest one is 8500 parsecs, which is about 27,700 light years. Still a pretty good distance, but barely 1/4 of the way across our o...	[ "The goal of these missions is not only to detect Earth-sized planets, but also to directly detect light from the planet so that it may be studied spectroscopically. By examining planetary spectra, it would be possible to determine the basic composition of an extrasolar planet's atmosphere and/or surface. Given thi...
"It ain't over til the Fat Lady Sings"	This quote is supposed to be about Brunhilde singing her final aria at the end of Gotterdammerung, which is the last opera in the Ring Cycle (four total operas) and is about 6 hours long. (!!!) Brunhilde is often a larger woman, and her [traditional costume has her in a chestplate and a winged hat](_URL_0_) - she's act...	[ "When the show started there was a segment called \"The Game's Not Over Until the Fat Lady Sings\", where an overweight lady would go to a game and sing when she thought that the game was over. This segment was scrapped due to the fat lady being fired for singing after the siren had gone. The part of the fat lady w...
why when i zoom out on ascii art it changes color?	Text scaling gets weird when individual characters get really small - near the pixel size or smaller. When dealing with modern digital LCD displays and modern operating systems, you're starting to look at [sub-pixel rendering](_URL_0_) of text (just looking at the pictures in that article will probably answer your que...	[ "\"Colors! 3D\" allows users to draw on five layers, each on their own stereoscopic 3D plane. Drawing is done on the bottom screen while the top screen displays the painting in 3D. While drawing, players can use the various controls on the Nintendo 3DS to change layers, zoom and pan, and alter the pressure of their...
Question Regarding Radar Fire Control in WWII	Some Japanese vessels, like the new Akizuki class as well as larger capital ships like the Kongo, Haruna, Yamato, and more, were equipped with a surface-surface radar (Type 22) that could be used to provide information to the fire control systems. It was fairly standard equipment by early 1944 or so, and entered servic...	[ "Most fire-control radars have unique characteristics, such as radio frequency, pulse duration, pulse frequency and power. These can assist in identifying the radar, and therefore the weapon system it is controlling. This can provide valuable tactical information, like the maximum range of the weapon, or flaws that...
what was the reason for nintendo 64 to use a 64-bit processor, and why did it take 10 years for every other processor type to catch up?	Chance, I would suppose. A company called Silicon Graphics Inc. acquired another company called MIPS Technologies specifically because MIPS Technologies had created this really cheap, really powerful new 64-bit processor (MIPS R4000), and Silicon Graphics Inc. wanted the technology. SGI had initially offered the techn...	[ "The Nintendo 64, originally announced as the \"Ultra 64\", was released in 1996. The system's delays and use of the expensive cartridge format made it an unpopular platform among third party developers. Several popular 1st party titles allowed the Nintendo 64 to maintain strong sales in the United States, but it r...
Do rubber soles on our shoes actually protect us from lightning strikes?	No, it's very unlikely that they do. Air has a dielectric strength of 3 MV/m. To travel 1 m, we need 3 million volts. To travel two meters, 6 million volts. And so on. Rubber has ~15 MV/m. It seems a lot more insulating than air. This means that for electricity to travel through your 1 cm soles, we need a voltage of...	[ "In the industrial settings such as paint or flour plants as well as in hospitals, antistatic safety boots are sometimes used to prevent a buildup of static charge due to contact with the floor. These shoes have soles with good conductivity. Anti-static shoes should not be confused with insulating shoes, which prov...
What was the first country to have an accurate map of the whole world?	Maps are still being refined. What do you intend with "accurate"?	[ "Kunyu Wanguo Quantu (; , \"Complete Geographical Map of all the Kingdoms of the World\"), printed by Italian Jesuit missionary Matteo Ricci at the request by Wanli Emperor in 1602, is the first known European-styled Chinese world map (and the first Chinese map to show the Americas). The map is in Classical Chinese...
Why do some animals have completely blacked out eyes?	It's an evolutionary trait that has benefited certain types of predators. Looking at this from the other side. What benefit comes from eyes that have white around the cornea? In herd animals or pack predators there is a type of non verbal queue that allows for one to estimate the direction in which another member ...	[ "Animals with this pattern may include birds, cats, cattle, dogs, foxes, horses, pigs, and snakes. Some animals also exhibit colouration of the irises of the eye that match the surrounding skin (blue eyes for pink skin, brown for dark). The underlying genetic cause is related to a condition known as leucism.\n", ...
How was bronze-/iron age metal mined, what types of metals where mined.	hi! not discouraging anyone from providing more info, but FYI, you may be interested in previous posts on mining from the FAQ (link on sidebar): [Mineral resource extraction](_URL_0_)	[ "Innovation of the technique of smelting ore ended the Stone Age and began the Bronze Age. The first most significant metal manufactured was bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, each of which was smelted separately. The transition from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age was a period during which modern people could sme...

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