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The Royal Maundy is an ancient ceremony which has its origin in the commandment Christ gave after washing the feet of his disciples on the day before Good Friday. The commandment, or mandatum, 'that ye love one another' (John XIII 34) is still recalled regularly by Christian churches throughout the world and the ceremo...
One thing is clear. Courts came alive in the twentieth century and made changes that could not have been envisioned as late as World War II.From Chapter 6Creating the Judicial Branch: The Unfinished Reform describes and assesses a recent historical phenomenon, the creation of administratively and organizationally coher...
In-Class Performance and Commentary: Guidelines and Hints 1) Choice of passage: importance to work/author/era/genre. (25 %) Before you read the passage, take time to tell us briefly why you chose the passage or short poem to represent the material we were assigned to read for the day. Why is it crucial or at least very...
Presentation on theme: "Write about the emotions of love and hate. Write about how R+J was written in the 1590s and how people saw love and marriage at the time. How is hatred."— Presentation transcript: Write about the emotions of love and hate. Write about how R+J was written in the 1590s and how people saw love and ...
Monkeys can form sentences. Monkeys can even speak in accents. Now, they've gone one better by learning to recognize suffixes and prefixes. According to stories in the National Geographic and the Washington Post about research published in the journal Biology Letters, Harvard researchers taught 14 cotton-top tamarins t...
Monosyllables are words that have have only one vowel sound; polysyllables have more than one. If a syllable ends with a consonant, it is called a closed syllable. If a syllable ends with a vowel, it is called an open syllable. Patterns of syllables can be shown with C and V (C for 'consonant', V for 'vowel'). Closed s...
John Jay was born on this date in 1745. Jay, a delegate from New York, served in the First and Second Continental Congresses. During the War for Independence Jay served as president of the Continental Congress, minister plenipotentiary to Spain, and peace commissioner (in which he negotiated vital treaties with Spain a...
The Earth has suffered a decline in biodiversity over the past century unprecedented in human history. This has led to a concerted effort to monitor populations of animals in many of the world’s threatened ecosystems. However such efforts are require considerable time-investment from individuals trained in species iden...
In Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, why do Flavius and Marullus object to the people celebrating in the streets? Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar begins on the Feast of the Lupercal on February 15, 44 B.C. In one month, Caesar will be assassinated. On this day, most of the Roman citizens are out in the streets to celebrate fert...
Reading is an integral part of our day at school, just as it is in “the real world”. Reading takes place throughout the day in a variety of ways. We read signs, instructions, and books. I read to the children, children read to me, the children read to themselves, and they read to each other. The children in our class r...
Detailed Description of English Grammar Tenses is given here.While improving the English language skills the candidate should emphasize mainly on the usage of the grammar tenses in the sentences. This is because the event or the occasion can take place either in the past, present or in the future. So this thing should ...
Protection and Restoration The Weeks Act of 1911 authorized the federal government to purchase private lands for stream-flow protection and to maintain the acquired lands as national forests. Its passage made possible the creation of the eastern national forests. Section 2 of the law made provisions for fighting forest...
A simple rule for determining the timing of interglacials - the relatively warm periods that occur in between glacial ones - is described in a paper published this week in Nature. The study shows that this rule, which does not require knowledge of climate or atmospheric data, successfully predicts each interglacial per...
The 1929 stock market crash was a result of an unsustainable boom in share prices in the preceding years. The boom in share prices was caused by the irrational exuberance of investors, buying shares on the margin, and over-confidence in the sustainability of economic growth. Some economists argue the boom was also faci...
Intervals are the raw material from which melodies are created, and provide the building blocks of harmony. They are the musician's tool to control feeling and tell a story. This section of ten web pages explores intervals from the very basics of vibration to the terminology used in music theory. A general reference fo...
The invention of the transistor is arguably the most important electronic event of the 20th century, as it made possible the integrated circuit (microchip) and microprocessor that are the basis of all modern electronics. In its September 1948 issue, Popular Science magazine announced that “for the first time since its ...
It can be difficult figuring out how to help students improve their English vocabulary once they have become good friends with dictionaries, and have learned to use them as a valuable resource. In this article you will find more English vocabulary games, activities and assignments to challenge your students further. Ho...
SLAVERY, EMANCIPATION, AND SELF-LIBERATION Lincoln’s close ties to his native state brought him continually into contact with slavery, and his relationships with Kentuckians were pivotal to his evolving views on the institution. Lincoln’s boyhood experiences in Kentucky placed him firmly on the trajectory of opposing s...
After the devastating earthquake that caused a nuclear disaster at Japan’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in March 2011, traces of radiation are now being found in the muscle tissues of Bluefin tuna near off the coast of California. Usually such a discovery would be alarming; however, the levels that are establi...
Bone Marrow and Blood Formation Bone marrow is the spongy tissue that fills the cavities inside your bones. Most of your blood cells are made in your bone marrow. The process by which blood cells are made is called haemopoiesis. As an infant, haemopoiesis takes place at the centre of all bones. In later life, it is lim...
Thanksgiving began as part of the religion of the English colonists (who had emigrated to Holland because of religious persecution) called Pilgrims who made thanksgiving prayers a part of their religious ceremonies. It was days of prayer, not just feasting. Contrary to belief, the first thanksgiving feast with Native A...
Harmonics (overtones) A difference is noticed between sounds is that some sounds are pleasant while others are unpleasant. A beginning violin player sounds very different than a violin player in a symphony, even if they are playing the same note. A violin also sounds different than a flute playing the same pitch. This...
What are Executive Function Skills? Executive Function (EF) refers to a suite of neurocognitive skills that allow us to actively and intentionally control our attention to accomplish a goal, such as keeping a question in mind in order to formulate an answer. It is typically measured as three skills: cognitive flexibili...
Signposts to Music A unique new resource for Key Stages 1 and 2, these seven books of games and activities explore the seven musical elements required by the National Curriculum. It presents clear and simple instructions - ideal for the non-specialist music teacher. It includes fun, stimulating and progressive activiti...
Before starting to read a book, discuss the cover with your child and the name of the author. Ask your child to predict what might happen in the book. Preview the characters your child will be reading about and briefly summarize the plot for him/her. Previewing gives the child a “head start” in understanding the conten...
The collodion technique is an early photographic process, said to have been invented, almost simultaneously, by Frederick Scott Archer and Gustave Le Gray in about 1851. During the subsequent decades of its popularity, many photographers and experimenters refined or varied the process. By the end of the 1850s it had al...
Leaves initially arise from cell divisions in the shoot apical meristem. A slight bulge (a leaf buttress) is produced, which in dicots continues to grow and elongate to form a leaf primordium. (Stipules, if present, appear as two small protuberances.) Marginal and submarginal meristems on opposite flanks of the primord...
Read about common Neurological disorders and their diagnosis and treatments in an easy to understand format.. The spine has normal curves if seen from the sides and is seen as a straight column from the front. But in certain conditions the spine shows curvatures from the front and it is called scoliosis. The abnormal f...
April 12 marks Equal Pay Day—symbolizing how far into the year women have to work on average before their earnings catch up with what men earned in the previous year. Women in the U.S. are still typically paid just 79 cents for every dollar earned by men, despite the fact that the Equal Pay Act was enacted in 1963. Whi...
The Flooding of the Nile refers to an annual flooding cycle in Egypt that dates back to ancient times. Today it is celebrated by Egyptians as an annual holiday for two weeks starting August 15, known as Wafaa El-Nil. It is also celebrated in the Coptic Church by ceremonially throwing a martyr's relic into the river, he...
Construction of the canal across New York was made possible thanks to the most significant gap in the Appalachian Mountain range. This low lying gap provided a natural avenue between the eastern seaboard and the Great Lakes through which a canal could be dug. A shallow sea covered upstate New York during the period fro...
Students must develop literacy skills in order to access, learn, and comprehend. And with the adoption of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), teachers in all subject areas—science, humanities, history, social sciences, mathematics, and technology—are finding themselves actively involved in their students' literacy ...
When I tell non-educators I've edited a book on formative assessment, they look blank. Yes, I admit "formative assessment" sounds like education-speak. Formative assessment is the practice of dipping in to find out what students understand and can do during the process of instruction instead of just at the end of a uni...
What is a coil? From the beginning of the internal combustion engine, several different ignition systems have been used to create a high-energy spark. The most popular system, and the one that’s in use today, is a step-up coil. A coil is nothing more than a transformer, and like any transformer, it has two separate coi...
The heart of the electrical system in your home is an electrical panel. It receives and directs the flow of incoming electricity, distributing the power to the circuits in your home. It is also crucial to the electrical safety of your home. An electrical current that is too strong may create a fire hazard. An electrica...
Audrey M. Godfrey Utah History Encyclopedia On 9 November 1858, amid gun fire and patriotic music, the soldiers of Camp Floyd, Utah Territory, raised the United States flag above their newly completed garrison. Named for Secretary of War, John B. Floyd, the post housed the largest concentration of U.S. troops to that t...
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (French: La Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du citoyen) is one of the fundamental documents of the French Revolution. Influenced by the doctrine of natural rights, it promulgates a set of individual rights and collective rights which are defined as universal:...
In some instances, research illuminates a topic and changes our existing beliefs. For example, here’s a post that challenges the myth of preferred learning styles. Other times, you might hear about a study and say, “Well, of course that’s true!” This might be one of those moments. Last year, Dr. Karlsson Wirebring and ...
As a review for the week we spent our time in math practicing finding common denominators, which will come in handy for adding and subtracting fractions. We also reviewed turning improper fractions into mixed numbers and vice versa. The students also had the chance to learn some new vocabulary along the way. Least Comm...
Dartmouth During World War Two The advent of the Second World War ushered in an era unlike any Dartmouth had experienced before. As the nation prepared for war, the military began to depend on extensive civilian support. Ernest Martin Hopkins and the Dartmouth community answered this call to arms. President Hopkins dir...
The guilds were an important part of city and town life. Guilds were - exclusive, regimented organizations; - created in part to preserve the rights and privileges of their members; and - separate and distinct from the civic governments, but since the functions and purposes of guild and civic government overlapped, it ...
Explain the English Reformation. The English Reformation was the process by which Catholicism was rejected as the state religion of England and replaced by the Church of England. In contrast to the Reformation on the continent, the English Reformation was largely driven by the most powerful people in the land. It was n...
This post may contain affiliate links. Next week is Constitution Day. In honor of that, I wanted to share some ideas for helping you and your kids learn about the Constitution of the United States. We have a couple of Constitution learning resources that we have been using and enjoying in our home. I also have a free P...
In physics, Coulomb's law describes the forces acting between electric point charges. The law was first given by Charles-Augustin de Coulomb. It is an inverse-square law for two electric charges very similar to Newton's gravitational law for two masses. An important difference between Newton's and Coulomb's law is that...
The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our Solar System. Its name “milky” is derived from its appearance as a dim glowing band arching across the night sky in which the naked eye cannot distinguish individual stars. The term “Milky Way” is a translation of the Classical Latin via lactea, from the Greek γαλαξίας κύκλ...
The United States began to abandon the technology of manned lunar exploration by late 1967, a year before astronauts first reached space on board Apollo spacecraft. By early 1971, NASA was hard at work returning Apollo to its roots. For more than a year before President John F. Kennedy's May 25, 1961 call for a man on ...
By Ryan Weiner As more and more families moved out of the cities and into the suburbs, domestic roles started to develop. One of the most influential factors regarding domestic roles was consumerism, as “the amount spent on household furnishings and appliances rose 240 percent” during that time (May, 157). The increase...
Overview \| Why is Secretary of State Clinton urging an uprising in Iran? What is at stake under Iran’s current leadership — for the Iranian people and the rest of the world? In this lesson, students immerse themselves in the complicated issues that have brought growing alarm to the international community. They trace a...
What exists in the countries which call themselves democratic is representative democracy. The people elect their representatives and entrust to them the complex task of government. The government has a degree of freedom in what it does but it is restricted by the fact that it is periodically answerable to the people. ...
By A. Joseph Lynch \|Image of first nuclear explosion\| While many are familiar with the list of nuclear powers, few know anything about the vast number of nuclear bomb detonations or where they occurred. The map above is a screenshot of a video called "A Time-Lapse Map of Every Nuclear Explosion Since 1945." The video i...
When considering the effects of propaganda, one must first use an appropriate definition of the term. The word originates from the Latin word propagare, or "propagate." When considering the effects of propaganda a definition from Richard Nelson's "A Chronology and Glossary of Propaganda in the United States" is appropr...
Anti-Slavery convention in Nantucket The summer of 1841 was a turning point in Douglass’ career. Frederick was invited by William Coffin, the general agent for the Massachusetts Antislavery Society, to speak at a convention in Nantucket organized by leading abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison. Garrison was the founder ...
Motivated to better understand quake and tsunami dynamics, scientists Charles Rubin, Benjamin Horton, and their colleagues have been studying the seismic history of the region. Archaeologist Patrick Daly at the Earth Observatory of Singapore (EOS) suggested that they excavate a sea cave about 22 miles south of Banda Ac...
The Loyalists and Their Arrival Essay The Loyalists and Their Arrival Who were the Loyalists and what is significant about their arrival? British North America’s demographics changed when the Loyalists arrived. The English-speaking claimed for agricultural land and population increased. They strongly asked for a suffic...
During the Italian Renaissance a new set of moral values developed. Aristocracy and noble background were not longer important. Instead, individualism was valued, and people now focused on their own individual needs. Also, at this time individuals began to looking for other sources of information other than the Bible. ...
Len Kenna 10.04.2015 As discussed earlier, the first settlement in New South Wales was under the control of Europeans who had either worked or lived in India and brought the administrative skills that they had learned in India to New South Wales. The ships that carried them to Australia were in part manned by Indian sa...
A subnet mask is a 32- or 128-bit number that segments an existing IP address in a TCP/IP network and divides that address into discrete network and host addresses. The process of subnetting can further divide the host portion of an IP address into additional subnets to route traffic within the larger subnet. By submit...
Compromise of 1850 With a crisis threatening the Union, Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky, put forth a series of bills that became known as the "Compromise of 1850". Clay introduced eight resolutions to the Senate, grouped in pairs. The first resolution admitted California as a free state, and organized New Mexico as a te...
At the centre of the mound was a stone-lined grave with the crushed gold cape around the fragmentary remains of a skeleton. Strips of bronze and numbers of amber beads were recovered, but only one of the beads reached the British Museum. The cape would have been unsuitable for everyday wear because it would have severe...
Hovering is actually an element of vertical flight. Assuming a no-wind condition, the tip-path plane of the blades will remain horizontal. If the angle of attack of the blades is increased while their velocity remains constant, additional vertical thrust is obtained. Thus, by upsetting the vertical balance of forces, h...
Inclusion is not just the smart thing to do; it is also the right thing to do. Excluding members of society from full participation due to prejudice, discrimination or other barriers causes everyone to suffer. Inclusive societies that take full advantage of their diversity are more innovative, creative, dynamic, resili...
In order to inspire future scientists, most educators have discovered that simplifying concepts and using real world examples helps in later building up to more complex lessons. NASA has found a way to simplify their education programs and is now offering them for home or school use. In a partnership with a New York Ci...
The 1980s was a decade of political, racial, and economic tensions in New York City. Still reeling from the fiscal crisis of 1975, in which the city declared bankruptcy and could not pay for normal operating expenses, the working class suffered as the economy changed from one of manufacturing to service. Before that, a...
Summary and Keywords Punishment has been regarded as an important instrument to sustain human cooperation. A great deal of experimental research has been conducted to understand human punishment behavior, in particular, informal peer punishment. What drives individuals to incur cost to punish others? How does punishmen...
What is the Neutrality of Money? The neutrality of money is a belief that depicts the fact that any change in the supply of money has implications on price and wages while overall economic productivity remain unaffected or in other words, monetary supply has sufficient power to affect the cost of goods and services but...
"" aren't exactly uncommon on Mars — it's a dusty, windy planet. But capturing one in motion is rare, making NASA's latest photo from the red planet particularly intriguing. The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera, the said Monday. It's been capturing photos onboard the since 2006, sending out-of...
Use the pass statement to indicate empty functions, classes and loops. Pass. Time passes. And often nothing happens. In Python we use the "pass" keyword (a statement) to indicate that nothing happens—the function, class or loop is empty.Built-ins With pass, we indicate a "null" block. Pass can be placed on the same lin...
We looked at features of persuasive posters this week and what makes good poster. We looked at how to punctuate dialogue and compared speech in chapter books to speech in our assembly play script. The students collected good examples from their reading books showing punctuated speech followed by interesting verbs and a...
Happy Wednesday! I recently read Chapter 4 of the book, What’s your Math Problem? and this was my favorite chapter so far. This chapter is all about the students using math problem solving strategies to get themselves organized before or while they are solving a problem. The math problem solving strategies discussed in...
Astronomy until the 1400s was dominated by the idea that Earth stood at the center of the universe; this was called the Ptolemaic system, after Claudius Ptolemy, a Roman astronomer who worked circa 150 CE. He is considered the last of the great ancient astronomers, and he took the astronomical systems developed by the ...
Lonny teaches psychology classes at King University, and has a bachelor's degree in IT and a doctorate in psychology. In this lesson, we look at what a programming algorithm is - and what it isn't. We also look at an example of a common algorithm shown as both a numbered list and a flowchart, after which we briefly ana...
“I have no friends.” This is what Alan, a 10 year old patient of mine said to me. However, after speaking to his mother, I realized he had plenty of other children who wanted to play and spend time with him. His problem was not that he didn’t have friends; it was his perception of not having enough friends. Interesting...
How to name the sea between the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese islands has been subject to disputes between the concerned governments for some time now. The Japanese government prefers it to be named as the Sea of Japan, and their international dominance during its imperial expansion period from the late 19th centur...
Modulation has defined as the process of combining an input signal m (t) and a frequency carrier FC to produce an S (t) signal whose bandwidth is (usually) centred around FC. In the case of digital data, the justification of the modulation must be clear: it is necessary when there is only the possibility of analogue tr...
Public Health Emergency - Leading a Nation Prepared Community Health Resilience (CHR) is the ability of a community to use its assets to strengthen public health and healthcare systems and to improve the community’s physical, behavioral, and social health to withstand, adapt to, and recover from adversity. Communities ...
Jesus was born in Bethlehem when Herod was king of Judea. Some men who studied the stars came from the east to Jerusalem and asked “Where is the Baby born to be the king of the Jews?” They had seen his star in the east and come to worship him. Herod was upset and called the chief priests and teachers of the law and ask...
American Civil War Sanitary Fairs In the North, in 1863, the first Sanitary Fair was held in Chicago. It was called a Sanitary Fair because the medical side of the war was called the Sanitary. The Sanitary was the forerunner of the American Red Cross. The fair was designed as a fund-raiser for the war effort. Monies ga...
Welcome to the Educators Lesson Plans for Signing Families! The first lesson in learning sign language is actually talking to your students about Deafness and why some people may “talk with their hands”. How to approach the topic of Deafness? Preliminary assignments for students. 1- Ask your students if they have any e...
A perfectly elastic collision is defined as one in which there is no net conversion of kinetic energy into other forms (such as heat or noise). For the brief moment during which the two objects are in contact, some (or all) of the energy is stored momentarily in the form of elastic potential energy. But if we compare t...
Penguins can't fly, but they are master swimmers, cutting through the water with ease. But they aren't the first animals to develop their sleek swimming technique. It turns out that plesiosaurs, marine reptiles that lived at the same time as dinosaurs (so between 200 million and 66 million years ago), used a similar me...
In the final months of the Second World War, while the forces of the Allies battled the last of the Nazi forces in Germany, two teams of scientists were leading a very different kind of battle. One of the teams, based in a desert in New Mexico, worked on completing the atomic bombs that were destined to be used that su...
In this module, you learned to - explain motivation, how it is influenced, and major theories about motivation - describe hunger and eating in relation to motivation, obesity, anorexia, and bulimia - describe sexual behavior and research about sexuality - explain theories of emotion and how we express and recognize emo...
U: Unequal Treaties A humiliating period For the Chinese the term “Unequal Treaties” characterises the terms of surrender imposed by the gunboat diplomacy of the European powers and Japan between 1840 and 1949. Under these treaties, China was forced to change its laws, pay huge indemnities and grant concessions (i.e. c...
Thanks to UV vision, birds see the world in a different way. A very different way. Birds have the amazing ability to see a whole spectrum of colors that are invisible to humans. Back in 2007, scientists used a spectrophotometer to analyze the colors of 166 North American songbird species which did not have an apparent ...
Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.Join Britannica's Publishing Partner Program and our community of experts to gain a global audience for your work! - Names and labels - The early history of blacks in the Americas - Slavery in the United States - Free blacks and a...
Historians are divided on the question of what the German government was planning before World War I began, but German war aims were spelled out very clearly soon after the start of the war in the so-called "September Program" of German chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg. These aims included the annexation of territory in Fra...
Caribbean reef sharks serve an important role as top predators in the ocean and help shape coral reef communities in the Caribbean. They maintain a balanced ecosystem by preventing the overpopulation of certain prey species and help stop disease outbreak by preying upon the weak, sick individuals within a population, t...
Shimla: India’s Queen of Hills Spread across seven hills in the northwest Himalayas among lush valleys and forests of oak, rhododendron and pine is the capital of Himachal Pradesh that was once the summer capital of colonial India. And today, there is still more than a hint of the Raj in the former hill station of Shim...
Six traits is the writing program used by teachers and students at the East Aurora Middle School. A trait can be defined as a quality or characteristic critical to successful performance. Just as there are traits for good ice skating (balance, grace, technical skill and so on), there are traits for good writing. The tr...
Mimicking the environment experienced by cells in the windpipe is enough to transform stem cells into a range of different lung cells. Such “physical” techniques could be used to create specialised tissues when growth factors alone aren’t enough. Lindsey Van Haute of the Free University of Brussels (VUB) in Belgium and...
In general, ultrasonic sensors are sensors that make use of the characteristics of high-frequency sound for a range of applications such as distance measurement, non-destructive testing of materials, or medical applications. For distance measurement, a typical ultrasonic sensor uses a transducer to periodically send ou...
Teaching social skills in the language classroom Bullying has become a major problem in schools worldwide. It might escalate to serious forms of anti-social behaviour, therefore the teaching of social skills are important in the school as a whole. The language classroom is the ideal place to teach social and communicat...
By Tahnee Marquardt and Emmi Zheng Additive manufacturing (AM) is the process of building a physical object using modeling data1. The object is digitally sliced into layers, and these layers are fused together one by one. In the early days of the technology, AM referred to the process carried out by larger industrial m...
Cause of German unification A level courseworkWatch The formalunification of Germanyinto a politically and administratively integrated nation state officially occurred on 18 January 1871 at theVersailles Palace'sHall of Mirrors inFrance. This process came through due to years of turmoil and war, with many strategies an...
How Does Ozone Work? The third oxygen atom of ozone is extremely reactive because it is unstable. This atom readily attaches itself to other odor molecules. When contaminants such as odors, bacteria or viruses make contact with ozone, their chemical structure is changed to less odorous compounds. Ozone not only destroy...
Bubonic plague came to England in the summer of 1348. Popularly known as the Black Death, the disease arrived via a French ship that docked in what is now Weymouth on the south coast. From there, it spread rapidly inland and westwards over the water to Ireland. It was also transmitted across the North Sea to Oslo, cour...
Moving towards a sustainable future the concept of environmental sustainability. Environmental sustainability refers to the ability of human activities to maintain or improve the quality of the natural environment over time. It involves promoting sustainable practices that minimize the impact of human activities on the...
Lakes and ponds can range in area from a few square meters to thousands of square kilometers. Temperature is an important abiotic factor affecting living things found in lakes and ponds. During the summer in temperate regions, thermal stratification of deep lakes occurs when the upper layer of water is warmed by the Su...
The world's oldest known water was found in an ancient pool below Canada in 2016, and is at least 2 billion years old. Back in 2013 scientists found water dating back about 1.5 billion years at the Kidd Mine in Ontario, but in 2016, deeper investigation revealed an even older source buried underground. The initial disc...
Using CRISPR, a gene editing tool that can work like a scissor to cut genes from the genome, University of Chicago researchers proved our beloved hands are coded by the same genes that make fish fins. Water to land — different needs, same blueprint At first glance, there aren’t that many similarities between a human ha...

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