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Ammonium molybdate can be of different form. These may be referred to : | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21435420 |
Barlow's formula (called "Kesselformel" in German) relates the internal pressure that a pipe can withstand to its dimensions and the strength of its material. where This formula (DIN 2413) figures prominently in the design of autoclaves and other pressure vessels. The formula is named after Peter Barlow, an English mat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21442530 |
CA 242 (tumor marker) CA 242 is a tumor marker for sialylated Lewis carbohydrates associated with adenocarcinomas and e-selectin-mediated metastatic risk. It is commonly tested along with CEA, CA19-9, and CA242 for detecting pancreatic cancer. The specificity of CA 242 is higher than similar markers. Current research d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21446243 |
NMP22 is a tumor marker for bladder cancer. is the abbreviated form of Nuclear Matrix Protein Number 22. It reflects the mitotic activity of cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21446425 |
Selenium sulfide can refer to either of the following: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21464013 |
Peak gold is the date at which the maximum rate of global gold extraction is reached. According to Hubbert peak theory, after the peak, the rate of production declines until it approaches zero. Unlike petroleum, which is destroyed in use, gold can be reused and recycled. World gold demand (defined in terms of total con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21475739 |
Peak gold Production started to increase again in 2009, spurred by high gold prices, and achieved record new highs each year from 2011 through 2015, when production reached 3,100 tonnes. Early estimates of 2016 gold production indicate that it was flat to 2015 production, at 3,100 tonnes. In 2009, Barrick CEO Aaron Reg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21475739 |
Peak gold " Charles Jeannes, the CEO of Goldcorp, the world's largest gold miner by market capitalization, stated in September 2014 that Peak Gold would be reached in either 2014 or 2015. "Whether it is this year or next year, I don't think we will ever see the gold production reach these levels again," he claimed. "Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21475739 |
Argentometry In analytical chemistry, argentometry is a type of titration involving the silver(I) ion. Typically, it is used to determine the amount of chloride present in a sample. The sample solution is titrated against a solution of silver nitrate of known concentration. Chloride ions react with silver(I) ions to gi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21487884 |
Argentometry In the Fajans method, named after Kazimierz Fajans, typically dichlorofluorescein is used as an indicator; the end-point is marked by the green suspension turning pink. Prior to the end-point of the titration, chloride ions remain in excess. They adsorb on the AgCl surface, imparting a negative charge to t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21487884 |
Epoxy putty refers to a group of room-temperature-hardening substances used as space-filling adhesives. Exact compositions vary according to manufacturer and application. They are stored until use as two components of clay-like consistency. Kneading the two components into each other creates an exothermic chemical reac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21490478 |
Asbestos (pronounced: or ) is a term used to refer to six naturally occurring silicate minerals. All are composed of long and thin fibrous crystals, each fiber being composed of many microscopic 'fibrils' that can be released into the atmosphere by abrasion and other processes. is an excellent electrical insulator and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos Many developing countries still support the use of asbestos as a building material, and mining of asbestos is ongoing, with top producer Russia having produced about one million tonnes in 2015. The word "asbestos", first used in the 1600s, ultimately derives from the Ancient Greek ἄσβεστος, meaning "unquenchab... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos use dates back at least 4,500 years, when the inhabitants of the Lake Juojärvi region in East Finland strengthened earthenware pots and cooking utensils with the asbestos mineral anthophyllite (see Asbestos-ceramic). One of the first descriptions of a material that may have been asbestos is in Theophrastus, "O... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos According to Biruni in his book "Gems", any cloths made of asbestos (, "āzarshost") were called "shostakeh" (). Some Persians believed the fiber was the fur of an animal called the "samandar" (), which lived in fire and died when exposed to water; this was where the former belief originated that the salamander... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos Canadian samples of asbestos were displayed in London in 1862, and the first companies were formed in England and Scotland to exploit this resource. was first used in the manufacture of yarn, and German industrialist Louis Wertheim adopted this process in his factories in Germany. Industrial-scale mining began... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos asbestos industry had an early start in 1858, when fibrous anthophyllite was mined for use as asbestos insulation by the Johns Company, a predecessor to the current Johns Manville, at a quarry at Ward's Hill on Staten Island, New York. US production began in earnest in 1899 with the discovery of large deposits... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos The first such study was conducted by Murray at the Charing Cross Hospital, London in 1900, in which a postmortem investigation discovered asbestos traces in the lungs of a young man who had died from pulmonary fibrosis after having worked for 14 years in an asbestos textile factory. Adelaide Anderson, the Ins... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos Merewether, Medical Inspector of Factories, and , a factory inspector and pioneer of dust monitoring and control. Their subsequent report, "Occurrence of Pulmonary Fibrosis & Other Pulmonary Affections in Workers", was presented to Parliament on 24 March 1930. It concluded that the development of asbestosis wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos The United States government and asbestos industry have been criticized for not acting quickly enough to inform the public of dangers and to reduce public exposure. In the late 1970s, court documents proved that asbestos-industry officials knew of asbestos dangers since the 1930s and had concealed them from th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos Tremolite asbestos constituted a contaminant of many if not all naturally occurring chrysotile deposits. The use of all types of asbestos in the amphibole group was banned in much of the Western world by the mid-1980s, and in Japan by 1995. Some products that included amphibole types of asbestos included the f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos The 5th Circuit Court prevented the EPA from banning asbestos in 1991 because EPA research showed the ban would cost between US$450 and 800 million while only saving around 200 lives in a 13-year timeframe, and that the EPA did not provide adequate evidence for the safety of alternative products. Until the mid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos is not a material covered under CERCLA's innocent purchaser defense. In the UK, the removal and disposal of asbestos and of substances containing it are covered by the Control of Regulations 2006. U.S. asbestos consumption hit a peak of 804,000 tons in 1973; world asbestos demand peaked around 1977, with 25 co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos As New York City's World Trade Center collapsed following the September 11 attacks, Lower Manhattan was blanketed in a mixture of building debris and combustible materials. This complex mixture gave rise to the concern that thousands of residents and workers in the area would be exposed to known hazards in the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos Some deposits of vermiculite have been found to be contaminated with small amounts of asbestos. One vermiculite mine operated by W. R. Grace and Company in Libby, Montana exposed workers and community residents to danger by mining vermiculite contaminated with asbestos, typically richterite, winchite, actinoli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos In 2000, tests in a certified asbestos-testing laboratory found the tremolite form of amphibole asbestos used to be found in three out of eight popular brands of children's crayons that were made partly from talc: Crayola, Prang, and RoseArt. In Crayola crayons, the tests found asbestos levels around 0.05% in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos However media reports claim that the United States Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) had found asbestos in four talc samples tested in 2000. The Assistant Secretary for Mine Safety and Health subsequently wrote to the news reporter, stating that "In fact, the abbreviation ND (non-detect) in the labo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos Chrysotile appears under the microscope as a white fiber. Chrysotile has been used more than any other type and accounts for about 95% of the asbestos found in buildings in America. Chrysotile is more flexible than amphibole types of asbestos, and can be spun and woven into fabric. The most common use was corr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos , commonly known as blue asbestos, is the fibrous form of the amphibole riebeckite, found primarily in southern Africa, but also in Australia and Bolivia. One formula given for crocidolite is NaFeFeSiO(OH). Crocidolite is seen under a microscope as a blue fiber. Crocidolite commonly occurs as soft friable fibe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has not included them in the asbestos standard, NIOSH and the American Thoracic Society have recommended them for inclusion as regulated materials because they may also be hazardous to health. In 2017, 1.3 million tonnes of asbestos were mined worldwide. Rus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos During the 1980s and again in the 1990s, it was suggested at times that the process of making asbestos cement could "neutralize" the asbestos, either via chemical processes or by causing cement to attach to the fibers and changing their physical size; subsequent studies showed that this was untrue, and that de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos In 1989 the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued the Ban and Phase Out Rule but in 1991, asbestos industry supporters challenged and overturned the ban in a landmark lawsuit: "Corrosion Proof Fittings v. the Environmental Protection Agency". Although the case resulted in several small vic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos is used in many products – roofing, boilers, pipes, brakes, and wires, produced by over 2,000 Mexican companies, many of them subsidiaries or subcontractors of US companies, and sold throughout the Americas. In 2000, 58% of Mexican asbestos-containing exports went to the United States, and 40% to Central Ameri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos Two out of three homes in Australia built between World War II and the early 1980s still contain asbestos. The union that represents workers tasked with modifying electrical meter boxes at residences stated that workers should refuse to do this work until the boxes have been inspected for asbestos, and the hea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos Tokyo had, in 1971, ordered companies handling asbestos to install ventilators and check health on a regular basis; however, the Japanese government did not ban crocidolite and amosite until 1995, and a near complete ban with a few exceptions on asbestos was implemented in 2006, with the remaining exceptions b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos In January 2009, a full-fledged ban on all types of asbestos occurred when the government banned the manufacture, import, sale, storage, transport or use of asbestos or any substance containing more than 0.1% of asbestos. In 2011, South Korea became the world's sixth country to enact an asbestos harm aid act, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos However, the International Agency for Research on Cancer removed fiberglass from its list of possible human carcinogens in 2001 and a scientific review article from 2011 claimed epidemiology data was inconsistent and concluded that the IARC's decision to downgrade the carcinogenic potential of fiberglass was v... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos Because of its exceptional thermal and chemical stability, it is often used by fire departments and space agencies. In most developed countries, asbestos is typically disposed of as hazardous waste in designated landfill sites. The demolition of buildings containing large amounts of asbestos based materials po... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Asbestos Microwave thermal treatment can be used in an industrial manufacturing process to transform asbestos and asbestos-containing waste into porcelain stoneware tiles, porous single-fired wall tiles, and ceramic bricks. The combination of oxalic acid with ultrasound fully degrades chrysotile asbestos fibers. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21492663 |
Linear dichroism (LD) or diattenuation is the difference between absorption of light polarized parallel and polarized perpendicular to an orientation axis. It is the property of a material whose transmittance depends on the orientation of linearly polarized light incident upon it. As a technique, it is primarily used t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21505767 |
Linear dichroism This movement of charge is known as an electronic transition, the direction of which is called the electric transition polarisation. It is this property for which LD is a measurement. The LD of an oriented molecule can be calculated using the following equation:- Where A is the absorbance parallel to t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21505767 |
Linear dichroism If the orientation of the molecules in flow is known, then the experimentalist can look at the direction of polarisation in the molecule (which gives an insight into the chemical structure of a molecule), or if the polarisation direction is unknown it can be used as a means of working out how oriented ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21505767 |
Linear dichroism The Couette flow orientation system is the most widely used method of sample orientation for UV LD. It has a number of characteristics which make it highly suitable as a method of sample alignment. Couette flow is currently the only established means of orientating molecules in the solution phase. This... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21505767 |
Linear dichroism (i) CD spectroscopy uses circularly polarized light whereas LD uses linearly polarized light. (ii) In CD experiments molecules are usually free in solution so they are randomly oriented. The observed spectrum is then a function only of the chiral or asymmetric nature of the molecules in the solution. W... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21505767 |
Linear dichroism FDLD has applications in microscopy, where can be used as a means of two-dimensional surface mapping through differential polarisation spectroscopy (DPS) where the anisotropy of the scanned object allows an image to be recorded. FDLD can also be used in conjunction with intercalating fluorescent dyes (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21505767 |
Kramers' law is a formula for the spectral distribution of X-rays produced by an electron hitting a solid target. The formula concerns only bremsstrahlung radiation, not the element specific characteristic radiation. It is named after its discoverer, the Dutch physicist Hendrik Anthony Kramers. The formula for is usual... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21508600 |
Triphenylphosphine dichloride Triphenylphosphine dichloride, PhPCl, is a chlorinating agent widely used in organic chemistry. Applications include the conversion of alcohols and ethers to alkyl chlorides, the cleavage of epoxides to vicinal dichlorides and the chlorination of carboxylic acids to acyl chlorides. In pola... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21511623 |
Compounds of zinc are chemical compounds containing the element zinc which is a member of the group 12 of the periodic table. The oxidation state of most compounds is the group oxidation state of +2. Zinc may be classified as a post-transition main group element with zinc(II). Zinc compounds are noteworthy for their no... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21516901 |
Compounds of zinc Whilst calcium is somewhat larger than magnesium, there is a steady decrease in size as atomic number increases from calcium to zinc. Zn(II) complexes are kinetically labile, i.e. the Zn-ligand bonds exchange with other ligands rapidly. For this reason, zinc ions are at the catalytic centers in many e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21516901 |
Compounds of zinc The reaction of zinc with water is slowed by this passive layer. When this layer is corroded by acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, the reaction proceeds with the evolution of hydrogen gas. Zinc reacts with alkalis as with acids. With oxidants such as chalcogens and halogens, Zn forms b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21516901 |
Compounds of zinc Zinc nitrate (used as oxidizing agent), zinc chlorate , zinc sulfate (known as "white vitriol"), zinc phosphate (used as primer pigment), zinc molybdate (used as white pigment), zinc chromate (one of the few colored zinc compounds), zinc arsenite Zn(AsO) (colorless powder) and zinc arsenate octahydrat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21516901 |
Compounds of zinc Aqueous solutions of zinc salts are mildly acidic because the aqua-ion is subject to hydrolysis with a p"K" of around 9, depending on conditions. Hydrolysis explains why basic salts such as basic zinc acetate and basic zinc carbonate, Zn(OH)(CO)•HO are easy to obtain. The reason for the hydrolysis is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21516901 |
Compounds of zinc Another example would involve a tripodal ligand such as Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine. Square pyramidal 5-coordinate Zinc is found in Tetra(4-pyridyl)porphinatomonopyridinezinc(II) Solution studies of other 5-coordinate Zinc porphyrins have been reported. The compound zinc cyanide, Zn(CN), is not 2-coordina... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21516901 |
Compounds of zinc When carbon dioxide enters the active site, it subject to nucleophilic attack by the oxygen atom which carries a partial negative charge, or indeed a full negative charge if the water molecule is dissociated. The CO is rapidly converted into a bicarbonate ion. Some peptidases, such as glutamate carbox... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21516901 |
Compounds of zinc Alkyl and aryl zinc compounds are contain the linear C—Zn—C motif. Because the zinc centre is coordinatively unsaturated, the compounds are powerful electrophiles. In fact the low-molecular weight compounds will ignite spontaneously on contact with air and are immediately destroyed by reaction with wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21516901 |
Peroxyoxalate Peroxyoxalates are esters initially formed by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with oxalate diesters or oxalyl chloride, with or without base, although the reaction is much faster with base: Peroxyoxalates are intermediates that will rapidly transform into 1,2-dioxetanedione, another high-energy intermed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21520816 |
Peroxyoxalate CL is an example of indirect or sensitized chemiluminescence in which the energy from an excited intermediate is transferred to a suitable fluorescent molecule, which relaxes to the ground state by emitting a photon. Rauhut and co-workers have reported that the intermediate responsible for providing the e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21520816 |
Peroxyoxalate This process is called chemically induced electron exchange luminescence (CIEEL). Chemiluminescent reactions are widely used in analytical chemistry [14, 15] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21520816 |
Eigencolloid is a term derived from the German language ("eigen": own) and used to designate colloids made of pure phases. Most often such colloids are formed by the hydrolysis of heavy metals cations or radionuclides, such as, "e.g.", Tc(OH), Th(OH), U(OH), Pu(OH), or Am(OH). Colloids have been suspected for the long-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21529260 |
Colloid-facilitated transport designates a transport process by which colloidal particles serve as transport vector of diverse contaminants in the surface water (sea water, lakes, rivers, fresh water bodies) and in underground water circulating in fissured rocks (limestone, sandstone, granite, ...). The transport of co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21529462 |
Spinmechatronics is neologism referring to an emerging field of research concerned with the exploitation of spin-dependent phenomena and established spintronic methodologies and technologies in conjunction with electro-mechanical, magno-mechanical, acousto-mechanical and opto-mechanical systems. Most especially, spinme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21534694 |
Spinmechatronics The synergy of micromechanics and established spintronic technologies for sensing applications is one of the most significant spinmechatronic developments of the last decade. At the beginning of this century, strain sensors incorporating magnetoresistive technologies emerged and a wide range of devices... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21534694 |
Spinmechatronics Typical examples are micrometres long, tens of nanometres thick, and have mechanical resonance frequencies approaching 100 MHz. Their small physical dimensions and mass (of order pico-grams) makes them highly sensitive to changes in stiffness; this, their synergy with mechanical and data processing sys... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21534694 |
Spinmechatronics Today, tunnelling-magnetoresistance (TMR) – which uses the electron spin as a label to allow or forbid electron tunnelling – dominates the hard disk market and is rapidly establishing itself in areas as diverse as magnetic logic devices and biosensors. Ongoing development is pushing the frontiers of TM... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21534694 |
EN 1063 EN 1063, or CEN 1063, is a security glazing standard created by the European Committee for Standardization for measuring the protective strength of bullet-resistant glass. It is commonly used in conjunction with EN 1522 (Euronorm standard for Bullet Resistance in Windows, Doors, Shutters and Blinds) to form a b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21538523 |
EN 1063 The precise test requirements and bullet types used are as follows: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21538523 |
Fushun process The is an above-ground retorting technology for shale oil extraction. It is named after the main production site of Fushun, Liaoning province in northeastern China. The was developed and utilized for the extraction of shale oil in China during the mid-1920s. The commercial-scale utilization of the proces... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21538862 |
Fushun process Raw oil shale particles with the size of are fed from the top of the retort. At the upper section of the retort oil shale is dried and heated by the ascending hot gases, which pass upward through the descending oil shale causing decomposition of the rock. The pyrolysis takes place at about . The produced... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21538862 |
Fushun process By alternating furnaces, one furnace is always available for heating retort gas. Twenty retorts typically share one condensation system and a set of heating furnaces. Advantages of the include small investment and stable operation. The process is characterized by the high thermal efficiency, but due to t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21538862 |
Hydroxy ketone In organic chemistry a hydroxy ketone (often referred to simply as a ketol) is a functional group consisting of a ketone flanked by a hydroxyl group. In the two main classes, the hydroxyl group can be placed in the alpha position (an alpha-hydroxy ketone RCR′(OH)(CO)R) or in the beta position (a beta-hyd... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21539219 |
Photoprotein Photoproteins are a type of enzyme, made of protein, from bioluminescent organisms. They add to the function of the luciferins whose usual light-producing reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme luciferase. The term photoprotein was first used to describe the unusual chemistry of the luminescent system of "Cha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21541014 |
Photoprotein Photoproteins form a stable luciferin-photoprotein complex, often until the addition of another required factor such as Ca in the case of aequorin. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21541014 |
Morison equation In fluid dynamics the is a semi-empirical equation for the inline force on a body in oscillatory flow. It is sometimes called the MOJS equation after all four authors—Morison, O'Brien, Johnson and Schaaf—of the 1950 paper in which the equation was introduced. The is used to estimate the wave loads in t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21541088 |
Morison equation In an oscillatory flow with flow velocity formula_1, the gives the inline force parallel to the flow direction: where For instance for a circular cylinder of diameter "D" in oscillatory flow, the reference area per unit cylinder length is formula_12 and the cylinder volume per unit cylinder length is f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21541088 |
Norwegian Chemical Society The () is a professional society for chemists. Formed in 1893, its purpose is to "promote the interest and understanding of chemistry and chemical technology". Chair is Kenneth Ruud, vice chair is Hans Henrik Øvrebø and board members are Øyvind Mikkelsen, Lillian Zernichow and Kari Herder Kag... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21547335 |
Sossina M. Haile (, born July 28, 1966) is an American chemist, known for developing the first solid acid fuel cells. She is a professor of Materials Science and Engineering at Northwestern University, Illinois, USA. Haile received the NSF National Young Investigator Award (1994–99), Humboldt Fellowship (1992–93), Fulb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21548062 |
Sossina M. Haile Her objectives are to understand the mechanisms that govern ion transport and to apply that understanding to the development of advanced solid electrolytes and novel solid-state electrochemical devices. Applications of fast ion conductors include batteries, sensors, ion pumps, and fuel cells. The latte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21548062 |
Sossina M. Haile In the past, support has also been provided by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the Office of Naval Research, the California Energy Commission, the Powell Foundation, and the Kirsch Foundation. Industrial support has been provided by General Motors, EPRI (formerly Electric Power R... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21548062 |
Sossina M. Haile Two of her former graduate students formed a start-up they called Superprotonic to commercialize the device. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21548062 |
National Centre for the Evaluation of Photoprotection CNEP is a research center for durability prediction and failures analysis of plastics (polymer) materials. The increasing use of plastics in daily life and for high tech applications points out the necessity to improve their reliability. These materials can eventual... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21559603 |
National Centre for the Evaluation of Photoprotection More of 500 failure cases are examined each year by CNEP and expertise on the last twenty years is covering more of 100.000 different polymer formulations. Progressively with the development of sophisticated analytical tools, CNEP was extending its activity to the d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21559603 |
National Centre for the Evaluation of Photoprotection The CNEP approach is considering that most of initial polymer failures have a chemical origin which can be detected by specific analysis at the solid state. Among a large panel of analytical techniques located at CNEP or on the campus, those involving non destructiv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21559603 |
Tribocorrosion is a material degradation process due to the combined effect of corrosion and wear. The name tribocorrosion expresses the underlying disciplines of tribology and corrosion. Tribology is concerned with the study of friction, lubrication and wear (its name comes from the Greek "tribo" meaning to rub) and c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21574599 |
Tribocorrosion It reduces the life-time of pipes, valves and pumps, of waste incinerators, of mining equipment or of medical implants, and it can affect the safety of nuclear reactors or of transport systems. On the other hand, tribocorrosion phenomena can also be applied to good use, for example in the chemical-mechan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21574599 |
Tribocorrosion The vast majority of corrosion resistant metals and alloys used in engineering (stainless steels, titanium, aluminium etc.) fall into this category. These metals are thermodynamically unstable in the presence of oxygen or water and they derive their corrosion resistance from the presence at the surface o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21574599 |
Tribocorrosion To study such effects in the laboratory, one most often uses mechanical wear testing rigs which are equipped with an electrochemical cell. This permits one to control independently the mechanical and chemical parameters. For example, by imposing a given potential to the rubbing metal one can simulate the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21574599 |
Orion (system-on-a-chip) Orion is a system-on-a-chip manufactured by Marvell Technology Group and used in network-attached storage. Based on the ARMv5TE architecture, it has on-chip support for Ethernet, SATA and USB, and is used in hardware made by Hewlett-Packard and D-Link among others. It is supported by the Lenny ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21575789 |
GYKI-52,466 GYKI-52466 is a 2,3-benzodiazepine that acts as an ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonist, which is a non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist (IC50 values are 10-20, ~ 450 and » 50 μM for AMPA-, kainate- and NMDA-induced responses respectively), orally-active anticonvulsant, and skeletal muscle relaxant.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21577748 |
Ureohydrolase A ureohydrolase is a type of hydrolase enzyme. The ureohydrolase superfamily includes arginase (), agmatinase (), formiminoglutamase () and proclavaminate amidinohydrolase (). These enzymes share a 3-layer alpha-beta-alpha structure, and play important roles in arginine/agmatine metabolism, the urea cycle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21588687 |
Rayleigh Still In distillation, a is a separation process where a feed stream is charged and withdrawn batch-wise with a separate stream fed and removed continuously. It is also known as a Rayleigh Distillation. It consists of a single stage distillation where the batch-charged phase is well mixed during operation. Thi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21593980 |
Dystrophin-associated protein A dystrophin-associated protein is a protein that helps to form the connection between intracellular dystrophin and the extracellular basal lamina. Examples include sarcoglycan and dystroglycan. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21596932 |
Gentamicin protection assay The gentamicin protection assay or survival assay or invasion assay is a method used in microbiology. It is used to quantify the ability of pathogenic bacteria to invade eukaryotic cells. The assay is based on several observations made in the 1970s, in which the ability of internalized bacte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21599073 |
Gentamicin protection assay The assay is performed in plastic microtiter plates, which are commonly used in laboratories for culturing eukaryotic cells. The cells are allowed to grow in the wells overnight, creating a flat layer. Bacteria are separately grown overnight. On the next day the eukaryotic cells are inoculat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21599073 |
Gentamicin protection assay Environmental conditions, such as pH level and temperature, can also be assayed for their effect on invasiveness. The gentamicin protection assay is very sensitive, as it can detect the internalization of even single bacteria. It has several drawbacks: To help assess the accuracy of a partic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21599073 |
Flammability diagram Flammability diagrams show the control of flammability in mixtures of fuel, oxygen and an inert gas, typically nitrogen. Mixtures of the three gasses are usually depicted in a triangular diagram, known as a ternary plot. Such diagrams are available in the speciality literature. The same information... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21605719 |
Air changes per hour Air changes per hour, abbreviated ACPH or ACH, or air change rate is a measure of the air volume added to or removed from a space (normally a room or house) divided by the volume of the space. If the air in the space is either uniform or perfectly mixed, air changes per hour is a measure of how man... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21609264 |
Air changes per hour Non-residential ventilation rates are based on floor area and number of occupants, or a calculated dilution of known contaminants. Hospital design standards use air changes per hour, although this has been criticized. Many if not most uses of ACH are actually referring to results of a standard blow... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21609264 |
Air changes per hour By displacing air inside a dwelling with infiltrated air (air brought in from outside the dwelling), positive pressure ventilation systems can increase heating (in winter) or cooling (in summer) requirements in a house. For example, to maintain a 15 °C temperature in a certain dwelling about 3.0 kW... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21609264 |
Chemistry of Materials is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, published since 1989 by the American Chemical Society. "Chemistry of Materials" is currently indexed in: Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), SCOPUS, EBSCOhost, British Library, Swetswise, and Web of Science. It was founded by Leonard V. Interrante, who was the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21614103 |
CHELPG (CHarges from ELectrostatic Potentials using a Grid-based method) is an atomic charge calculation scheme developed by Breneman and Wiberg, in which atomic charges are fitted to reproduce the molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) at a number of points around the molecule. The charge calculation methods based o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21614781 |
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