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Legal person Federal Election Commission", which ruled unconstitutional certain restrictions on corporate campaign spending during elections. In Act II, Scene 1 of Gilbert and Sullivan's 1889 opera, "The Gondoliers", Giuseppe Palmieri (who serves, jointly with his brother Marco, as King of Barataria) requests that he a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219287 |
Indoor air quality (IAQ) is the air quality within and around buildings and structures. IAQ is known to affect the health, comfort and well-being of building occupants. Poor indoor air quality has been linked to sick building syndrome, reduced productivity and impaired learning in schools. IAQ can be affected by gases ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Indoor air quality Secondhand smoke is tobacco smoke which affects people other than the 'active' smoker. Second-hand tobacco smoke includes both a gaseous and a particulate phase, with particular hazards arising from levels of carbon monoxide (as indicated below) and very small particulates (fine particular matter at ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Indoor air quality Radon gas enters buildings as a soil gas and is a heavy gas and thus will tend to accumulate at the lowest level. Radon may also be introduced into a building through drinking water particularly from bathroom showers. Building materials can be a rare source of radon, but little testing is carried out... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Indoor air quality Mold is always associated with moisture, and its growth can be inhibited by keeping humidity levels below 50%. Moisture buildup inside buildings may arise from water penetrating compromised areas of the building envelope or skin, from plumbing leaks, from condensation due to improper ventilation, or ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Indoor air quality However, exposure to hazardous levels of mycotoxin via inhalation is not possible in most cases, as toxins are produced by the fungal body and are not at significant levels in the released spores. The primary hazard of mold growth, as it relates to indoor air quality, comes from the allergenic proper... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Indoor air quality Examples include: paints and lacquers, paint strippers, cleaning supplies, pesticides, building materials and furnishings, office equipment such as copiers and printers, correction fluids and carbonless copy paper, graphics and craft materials including glues and adhesives, permanent markers, and pho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Indoor air quality There are regulations in France and in Germany, and numerous voluntary ecolabels and rating systems containing low VOC emissions criteria such as EMICODE, M1, Blue Angel and Indoor Air Comfort in Europe, as well as California Standard CDPH Section 01350 and several others in the USA. These initiative... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Indoor air quality More than one case has involved outdoor fountains in public attractions. The presence of Legionella in commercial building water supplies is highly under-reported, as healthy people require heavy exposure to acquire infection. Legionella testing typically involves collecting water samples and surface... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Indoor air quality Currently efforts are under way to link microbial ecologists and indoor air scientists to forge new methods for analysis and to better interpret the results. "There are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells in the human flora as there are human cells in the body, with large numbers of bacte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Indoor air quality The risk of lung cancer from inhaling asbestos fibers is significantly greater to smokers, however there is no confirmed connection to damage caused by asbestosis . The symptoms of the disease do not usually appear until about 20 to 30 years after the first exposure to asbestos. Asbestos is found in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Indoor air quality The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) considers that indoor air concentrations of carbon dioxide that exceed 1,000 ppm are a marker suggesting inadequate ventilation. The UK standards for schools say that carbon dioxide in all teaching and learning spaces, when measured at... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Indoor air quality Carbon dioxide concentrations increase as a result of human occupancy, but lag in time behind cumulative occupancy and intake of fresh air. The lower the air exchange rate, the slower the buildup of carbon dioxide to quasi "steady state" concentrations on which the NIOSH and UK guidance are based. Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Indoor air quality Reactions between ozone and onboard substances, including skin oils and cosmetics, can produce toxic chemicals as by-products. Ozone itself is also irritating to lung tissue and harmful to human health. Larger jets have ozone filters to reduce the cabin concentration to safer and more comfortable lev... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Indoor air quality The type of ozone being regulated is ground-level ozone that is within the breathing range of most building occupants Atmospheric particulate matter, also known as particulates, can be found indoors and can affect the health of occupants. Authorities have established standards for the maximum concent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Indoor air quality Houseplants together with the medium in which they are grown can reduce components of indoor air pollution, particularly volatile organic compounds (VOC) such as benzene, toluene, and xylene. Plants remove CO and release oxygen and water, although the quantitative impact for house plants is small. Mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Indoor air quality When carbon dioxide concentrations are elevated indoors relative to outdoor concentrations, it is only an indicator that ventilation is inadequate to remove metabolic products associated with human occupancy. Plants require carbon dioxide to grow and release oxygen when they consume carbon dioxide. A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Indoor air quality While results do indicate house plants may be effective at removing some VOCs from air supplies, a review of studies between 1989 and 2006 on the performance of houseplants as air cleaners, presented at the Healthy Buildings 2009 conference in Syracuse, New York, concluded "...indoor plants have litt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Indoor air quality For the past several years, there have been many debates among indoor air quality specialists about the proper definition of indoor air quality and specifically what constitutes "acceptable" indoor air quality. One way of quantitatively ensuring the health of indoor air is by the frequency of effecti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Indoor air quality Of course the occupants are not the only source of pollutants, so outdoor air ventilation may need to be higher when unusual or strong sources of pollution exist indoors. When outdoor air is polluted, then bringing in more outdoor air can actually worsen the overall quality of the indoor air and exac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Indoor air quality However, for most of the US and many parts of Europe and Japan, during the majority of hours of the year, outdoor air temperatures are cool enough that the air does not need further cooling to provide thermal comfort indoors. However, high humidity outdoors creates the need for careful attention to h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Indoor air quality The products of the reactions between ozone and many common indoor pollutants include organic compounds that may be more odorous, irritating, or toxic than those from which they are formed. These products of ozone chemistry include formaldehyde, higher molecular weight aldehydes, acidic aerosols, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Indoor air quality Research applying the approaches ecologists use to the understanding of ecosystems can help increase our understanding. “Building ecology “ is proposed here as the application of those approaches to the built environment considering the dynamic system of buildings, their occupants, and the larger env... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Indoor air quality We may find it useful to combine the tools of the physical sciences with those of the biological sciences and, especially, some of the approaches used by scientists studying ecosystems, in order to gain an enhanced understanding of the environments in which we spend the majority of our time, our buil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Indoor air quality Some of these professionals are certified by organisations such as the American Industrial Hygiene Association, the American Indoor Air Quality Council and the Indoor Environmental Air Quality Council. Of note, a new European scientific network is now addressing indoor air pollution under COST suppor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=219736 |
Moral rights are rights of creators of copyrighted works generally recognized in civil law jurisdictions and, to a lesser extent, in some common law jurisdictions. apply only to literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works, and also to films (where the director enjoys moral rights). The most important exceptions to b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220122 |
Moral rights The United States became a signatory to the convention in 1989, and incorporated a version of moral rights under its copyright law under Title 17 of the U.S. Code. Some jurisdictions allow for the waiver of moral rights. In the United States, the "Visual Artists Rights Act of 1990 (VARA)" recognizes moral ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220122 |
Moral rights They can, however, waive their moral rights if done so in writing. Some jurisdictions like Austria differentiate between narrow and wide moral rights. Whilst the former is about integrity of the work, the latter limits usages, which may harm the author's integrity. Some copyright timestamp services allow a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220122 |
Moral rights In many books, for example, this is done on a page near the beginning, in and amongst the British Library/Library of Congress data. Section 14.1 of Canada's Copyright Act protects the moral rights of authors. The moral rights cannot be assigned, but can be waived contractually. Many publishing contracts in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220122 |
Moral rights Moral Rights cannot be transferred unless on the death of moral rights holder (section 105 and 106). are recognised under section 57 of India copyright act. Section 57 of India Copyright act refers to Author's Special rights. It states: The issue of moral rights was discussed in Amar Nath Sehgal V Union of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220122 |
Moral rights In Taiwan, the Copyright Act has provided authors' perpetual moral rights with regard of attribution and protection against alteration in bad faith, even if the works are in the public domain, as follows: have had a less robust tradition in the United States. Copyright law in the United States emphasizes p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220122 |
Moral rights The Visual Artists Rights Act of 1990 grants authors of a "work of visual art" - e.g. photographs, paintings, sculptures, etc. - the non-transferable right to These rights are distinct from any rights of copyright and ownership of a copy of the work. Copyright holders have the right to control adaptations,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220122 |
Moral rights If the work was unfinished, sometimes the original author will choose a pseudonym as permission for the copyright holder to do whatever they wish to finish and market the unwanted work, cutting ties from the product. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220122 |
Kerala Education Act 1958 (Act 6 of 1959) The Education Bill was introduced in the Kerala assembly by Professor Joseph Mundasseri, who was then the education minister for the first elected (1957) Communist Party of India government. This bill was aimed at eradicating the malpractices prevalent in the private sector edu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220240 |
Vaio VAIO was originally a brand of Sony, introduced in 1996. Sony sold its PC business to the investment firm Japan Industrial Partners in February 2014 as part of a restructuring effort to focus on mobile devices. Sony maintains a minority stake in the new, independent company, which currently sells computers in the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220355 |
Vaio Although Sony made computers in the 1980s exclusively for the Japanese market, the company withdrew from the computer business around the beginning of the 1990s. Sony's re-entry into the global computer market, under the new brand, began in 1996 with the PCV series of desktops—the PCV-90 was designed with a 3D gra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220355 |
Vaio CEO Yoshimi Ota stated that the company planned to focus more on high-end products in niche segments (such as the creative industries), as they felt Sony had focused too much on attempting to garner a large market share in its PC business. The Canvas Z tablet was released in the United States on 5 October 2015, th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220355 |
Vaio Pressing [F10] at the logo during boot-up will cause the notebook to boot from the recovery partition; where the user has the choice of either running hardware diagnostics without affecting the installed system, or restoring (re-imaging) the hard drive to factory condition – an option that destroys all user instal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220355 |
Vaio computers come with components from companies such as Intel processors, Seagate Technology, Hitachi, Fujitsu or Toshiba hard drives, Infineon or Elpida RAM, Atheros and Intel wireless chipsets, Sony (usually made by Hitachi) or Matsushita optical drives, Intel, NVIDIA or AMD graphics cards and Sony speakers. Recen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220355 |
Vaio Graphic artists, illustrators, animators, etc. But VAIO plans to offer more traditional laptops and convertibles to the US market soon. In February 2016, announced the Phone Biz which is a premium built mid-range Windows 10 Mobile device. This is Vaio's first Windows smartphone. In March 2017, announced Phone A, w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220355 |
Vaio The successor to the TX series was the TZ series in May 2007. This new design featured an optional 32 or 64GB Solid State Drive (SSD) for rapid boot-up times, quicker application launches and greater durability. If selected, a 250 GB Hard Drive could also have been included in place of the built-in CD/DVD drive to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220355 |
Vaio This feature has subsequently been used by other manufacturers, including Apple, Asus and Alienware. The high-end AR Series was the first to incorporate a Blu-ray Disc burner. This series was designed to be the epitome of high-definition products including a 1080p capable WUXGA (1920 × 1200 pixels) screen, HDMI ou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220355 |
Vaio The chime heard when a VAIO computer is booted are the DTMF notes corresponding to V-A-I-O (8-2-4-6) dialed on a telephone keypad. Sony has been criticized for loading its laptops with bloatware, or ineffective and unrequested software that supposedly allows the user to immediately use the laptop for multimedia pu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220355 |
Polishing is the process of creating a smooth and shiny surface by rubbing it or using a chemical action, leaving a surface with a significant specular reflection (still limited by the index of refraction of the material according to the Fresnel equations.) In some materials (such as metals, glasses, black or transpare... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220464 |
EUR, Rome EUR is a residential and business district in Rome, Italy, part of the Municipio IX. The area was originally chosen in the 1930s as the site for the 1942 world's fair which Benito Mussolini planned to open to celebrate twenty years of Fascism, the letters EUR standing for Esposizione Universale Roma. The proj... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220724 |
EUR, Rome Among the large list, Marcello Piacentini (head of the project), Giuseppe Pagano Pogatschnig, Luigi Piccinato, Luigi Vietti and Ettore Rossi were chosen. The first project, on an area of , was presented in 1938. The name was later changed to EUR, and the final project was presented in 1939. However the Expo n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220724 |
EUR, Rome After a period of controversy over its architectural and urban planning principles, the project to design EUR was commissioned from the leaders of both of the rival factions in Italian architecture: Marcello Piacentini for the "reactionaries" and Giuseppe Pagano for the "progressives". Each of them brought in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220724 |
EUR, Rome In 1938 Luigi Moretti (with Fariello, Muratori and Quaroni) won the competition for the design of the Imperial Square (now Piazza Guglielmo Marconi). The large building fronting the square was never finished, but after the war the structures already constructed were used for the ""Skyscraper Italy (Grattaciel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220724 |
EUR, Rome There are a lot of schools in EUR such as "Liceo Scientifico Statale Stanislao Cannizzaro", Liceo Ginnasio Statale "Francesco Vivona", another one is also ITC "Vincenzo Arangio Ruiz"; those three are all public schools, while there are also private institutes like: "Istituto Massimiliano Massimo" and Highland... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220724 |
EUR, Rome The burial of Marco Sciarra in 007's "Spectre" was filmed at Museum of Roman Civilization. Here are some photos taken by the Italian photographer Paolo Monti, showing the district during the 1960s: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=220724 |
Contract of sale A contract of sale, sales contract, sales order, or contract for sale is a legal contract for the purchase of assets (goods or property) by a buyer (or purchaser) from a seller (or vendor) for an agreed upon value in money (or money equivalent). An obvious ancient practice of exchange, in many common l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=221252 |
Estoppel is a judicial device in common law legal systems whereby a court may prevent or "estop" a person from making assertions or from going back on his or her word; the person being sanctioned is "estopped". may prevent someone from bringing a particular claim. Legal doctrines of estoppel are based in both common la... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=221254 |
Estoppel Where a court finds that a party has done something warranting a form of estoppel, that party is said to be estopped from making certain related arguments or claiming certain related rights. The defendant is estopped from presenting the related defense, or the plaintiff is estopped from making the related argu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=221254 |
Estoppel provides the link between them", but they nevertheless have "separate requirements and different terrains of application". The courts have long abandoned an attempt to create a single general underlying rationale or principle: The plea of estoppel is often closely connected with the plea of waiver, the object ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=221254 |
Estoppel All reliance-based estoppels require the victimised party to show both "inducement" and "detrimental reliance", i.e.: Simply put, promissory estoppel has four necessary elements which the plaintiff must prove: by representation of fact and promissory estoppel are mutually exclusive: the former is based on a re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=221254 |
Estoppel Although the representation must be clear and unambiguous, a representation can be inferred from silence where there is a duty to speak or from negligence where a duty of care has arisen. Under English law, estoppel by representation of fact usually acts as a defence, though it may act in support of a cause of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=221254 |
Estoppel The court found the testamentary trustees (as representatives of the deceased father's estate) were "estopped" from denying the son's proprietary interest, and ordered them to convey the land to the son. The doctrine of "promissory estoppel" prevents one party from withdrawing a promise made to a second party ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=221254 |
Estoppel In "High Trees" the plaintiff company was able to restore payment of full rent from early 1945, and could have restored the full rent at any time after the initial promise was made provided a suitable period of notice had been given. In this case, the estoppel was applied to a "negative promise", that is, one ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=221254 |
Estoppel The decision of the Court of Appeal in "Collier v P & MJ Wright (Holdings) Ltd" suggests that the doctrine of promissory estoppel can now operate to mitigate the harshness of this common law rule. Moreover, Arden LJ held that allowing a creditor to renege on his promise to forebear seeking the balance of a deb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=221254 |
Estoppel " Subsequently, Pandit bought property, was admitted to the California bar, married a white woman, and renounced his rights to property and inheritance in British India. Following the Supreme Court case "United States v. Thind", which found that Indians were considered non-white, and in which Pandit represente... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=221254 |
Estoppel Hearing this, B goes and sells his watch for $10 (it was really worth $15, but since B wanted the money right away, he chose not to wait for the best price). When B returns, the sign says $11, and the owner tells B that he has raised the price. In equity, can you argue that the shopkeeper is estopped by conduc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=221254 |
Estoppel Is the young man entitled to $1,000 (the amount promised), or merely $500 (the amount he actually lost)? The Restatement states that "The remedy granted for breach may be limited as justice requires."—leaving quantification to the discretion of the court. "in pais" (literally "by act of notoriety", or "solemn ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=221254 |
Estoppel "by acquiescence" may arise when one person gives a legal warning to another based on some clearly asserted facts or legal principle, and the other does not respond within "a reasonable period of time". By "acquiescing", the other person is generally considered to have lost the legal right to assert the contra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=221254 |
Estoppel Hence, once signed, all statements of fact (usually found in the opening recital which sets out the reason(s) for making the deed) are conclusive evidence against the parties who are estopped from asserting otherwise. "[O]ne who by his speech or conduct has induced another to act in a particular manner ought n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=221254 |
Estoppel Australian law has now gone beyond the position espoused in the English "High Trees" case, to cases where there is no pre-existing legal relationship between the two parties, and promissory estoppel can be wielded as a "sword", not just as a "shield". Mason CJ and Wilson J in "Waltons Stores (Interstate) Ltd v... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=221254 |
Estoppel Two seminal decisions purport to fuse common law and equitable estoppels into a single unified doctrine, but the New South Wales Court of Appeal continues to treat estoppel by representation at common law as distinct from equitable estoppel. This can be significant in deciding which court has jurisdiction to a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=221254 |
Estoppel " So, for instance, if A intentionally and falsely leads B to believe that certain land belongs to A, and thereby induces B to buy and pay for it, and only later does A acquire the land, then A is not allowed to argue to void the sale on the ground that, at the time of the sale, he had no title. The doctrine o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=221254 |
Six Sigma (6σ) is a set of techniques and tools for process improvement. It was introduced by American engineer Bill Smith while working at Motorola in 1986. Jack Welch made it central to his business strategy at General Electric in 1995. A six sigma process is one in which 99.99966% of all opportunities to produce som... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222448 |
Six Sigma Motorola set a goal of "six sigma" for all of its manufacturing. doctrine asserts: Features that set apart from previous quality-improvement initiatives include: The term "six sigma" comes from statistics and is used in statistical quality control, which evaluates process capability. Originally, it referred t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222448 |
Six Sigma In , some practitioners have combined ideas with lean manufacturing to create a methodology named Lean Six Sigma. The Lean methodology views lean manufacturing, which addresses process flow and waste issues, and Six Sigma, with its focus on variation and design, as complementary disciplines aimed at promoting... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222448 |
Six Sigma The DMADV project methodology, known as DFSS ("Design For Six Sigma"), features five phases: Within the individual phases of a DMAIC or DMADV project, utilizes many established quality-management tools that are also used outside Six Sigma. The following table shows an overview of the main methods used. One ke... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222448 |
Six Sigma Following this approach, many organizations in the 1990s started offering certifications to their employees. In 2008 Motorola University later co-developed with Vative and the Lean Society of Professionals a set of comparable certification standards for Lean Certification. Criteria for Green Belt and Black Be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222448 |
Six Sigma As process standard deviation goes up, or the mean of the process moves away from the center of the tolerance, fewer standard deviations will fit between the mean and the nearest specification limit, decreasing the sigma number and increasing the likelihood of items outside specification. One should also note... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222448 |
Six Sigma Hence the widely accepted definition of a six sigma process is a process that produces 3.4 defective parts per million opportunities (DPMO). This is based on the fact that a process that is normally distributed will have 3.4 parts per million outside the limits, when the limits are six sigma from the "origina... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222448 |
Six Sigma The table below gives long-term DPMO values corresponding to various short-term sigma levels. These figures assume that the process mean will shift by 1.5 sigma toward the side with the critical specification limit. In other words, they assume that after the initial study determining the short-term sigma leve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222448 |
Six Sigma The fact that an organization is not big enough to be able to afford black belts does not diminish its abilities to make improvements using this set of tools and techniques. The infrastructure described as necessary to support is a result of the size of the organization rather than a requirement of itself. Al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222448 |
Six Sigma Similarly, implementation was studied at one of the largest engineering and construction companies in the world: Bechtel Corporation, where after an initial investment of $30 million in a program that included identifying and preventing rework and defects, over $200 million were saved. has played an important... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222448 |
Six Sigma By changing the schematic diagram for the supply chain, can ensure quality control on products (defect free) and guarantee delivery deadlines, which are the two major issues involved in the supply chain. This is a sector that has been highly matched with this doctrine for many years because of the nature of z... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222448 |
Six Sigma For example, under the standard, semiconductors which require the flawless etching of millions of tiny circuits onto a single chip are all defective. The use of "Black Belts" as itinerant change agents has fostered an industry of training and certification. Critics have argued there is overselling of by too g... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222448 |
Six Sigma A possible consequence of Six Sigma's array of P-value misconceptions is the false belief that the probability of a conclusion being in error can be calculated from the data in a single experiment without reference to external evidence or the plausibility of the underlying mechanism. One of the most serious b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222448 |
Six Sigma " Nassim Nicholas Taleb considers risk managers little more than "blind users" of statistical tools and methods. He states that statistics is fundamentally incomplete as a field as it cannot predict the risk of rare events—something is specially concerned with. Furthermore, errors in prediction are likely to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222448 |
Six Sigma One criticism voiced by Yasar Jarrar and Andy Neely from the Cranfield School of Management's Centre for Business Performance is that while is a powerful approach, it can also unduly dominate an organization's culture; and they add that much of the literature – in a remarkable way (six-sigma claims to be evid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222448 |
Partnership A partnership is an arrangement where parties, known as business partners, agree to cooperate to advance their mutual interests. The partners in a partnership may be individuals, businesses, interest-based organizations, schools, governments or combinations. Organizations may partner to increase the likelih... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222783 |
Partnership A close examination of Medieval trade in Europe shows that numerous significant credit based trades were not bearing interest. Hence, pragmatism and common sense called for a fair compensation for the risk of lending money, and a compensation for the opportunity cost of lending money without using it for ot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222783 |
Partnership The contractual features of a Mongol-"ortoq" partnership closely resembled that of qirad and commenda arrangements, however, Mongol investors used metal coins, paper money, gold and silver ingots and tradable goods for partnership investments and primarily financed money-lending and trade activities. Moreov... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222783 |
Partnership It is common for information about formally partnered entities to be made public, such as through a press release, a newspaper ad, or public records laws. While industrial partnerships stand to amplify mutual interests and accelerate success, some forms of collaboration may be considered ethically problemat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222783 |
Partnership In their most basic form, equity partners enjoy a fixed share of the partnership (usually, but not always an equal share with the other partners) and, upon distribution of profits, receive a portion of the partnership's profits proportionate to that share. In more sophisticated partnerships, different model... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222783 |
Partnership Among developed countries, for example, business partnerships are often favored over corporations in taxation policy, since dividend taxes only occur on profit before they are distributed to the partners. However, depending on the partnership structure and the jurisdiction in which it operates, owners of a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222783 |
Partnership Summarising s. 5 of the "Act 1958" (Vic), for a partnership in Australia to exist, four main criteria must be satisfied. They are: Partners share profits and losses. A partnership is basically a settlement between two or more groups or firms in which profit and loss are equally divided In Bangladesh, the re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222783 |
Partnership Common elements considered by courts in determining the existence of a partnership are that two or more legal persons: A partnership in Hong Kong is a business entity formed by the Hong Kong Partnerships Ordinance, which defines a partnership as "the relation between persons carrying on a business in common... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222783 |
Partnership Contracts of partnerships are included in the Entry no.7 of List III of The Constitution of India (the list constitutes the subjects on which both the State government and Central (National) Government can legislate i.e. pass laws on). 3) Unlimited Liability. The major disadvantage of partnership is the unl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222783 |
Partnership A written agreement is advisable to establish existence of partnership and to prove rights and liabilities of each partner, as it is difficult to prove an oral agreement. 6) Number of Partners is minimum 2 and maximum 50 in any kind of business activities.Since partnership is ‘agreement’ there must be minim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222783 |
Partnership states recognize forms of limited partnership that may allow a partner who does not participate in the business venture to avoid liability for the partnership's debts and obligations. Partnerships typically pay less taxes than corporations in fields like fund management. The federal government of the United... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222783 |
Welfare state The welfare state is a form of government in which the state protects and promotes the economic and social well-being of the citizens, based upon the principles of equal opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for citizens unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222839 |
Welfare state The German term "sozialstaat" ("social state") has been used since 1870 to describe state support programs devised by German "sozialpolitiker" ("social politicians") and implemented as part of Bismarck's conservative reforms. In Germany, the term "wohlfahrtsstaat", a direct translation of the English "wel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222839 |
Welfare state The Swedish welfare state is called "folkhemmet" ("the people's home") and goes back to the 1936 compromise, as well as to another important contract made in 1938 between Swedish trade unions and large corporations. Even though the country is often rated comparably economically free, Sweden's mixed econom... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222839 |
Welfare state Some schemes were based largely in the development of autonomous, mutualist provision of benefits. Others were founded on state provision. In a highly influential essay, "Citizenship and Social Class" (1949), British sociologist T. H. Marshall identified modern welfare states as a distinctive combination ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222839 |
Welfare state The activities of present-day welfare states extend to the provision of both cash welfare benefits (such as old-age pensions or unemployment benefits) and in-kind welfare services (such as health or childcare services). Through these provisions, welfare states can affect the distribution of wellbeing and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222839 |
Welfare state To implement these policies he recruited a new cadre of officers called Dharmamahamattas. Part of this group's duties was to see that people of various sects were treated fairly. They were especially asked to look after the welfare of prisoners. The Roman Republic intervened sporadically to distribute fre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222839 |
Welfare state In addition to food, the Roman Republic also supplied free entertainment, through "ludi" (public games). Public money was allocated for the staging of "ludi," but the presiding official increasingly came to augment the splendor of his games from personal funds as a form of public relations. The sponsor wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=222839 |
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