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Commuter tax This tax, known popularly as the "mobility tax," is intended to provide funds for the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, which transports many of the region's commuters. Philadelphia has a 3.924% wage tax on residents and a 3.495% tax on non-residents for wages earned in the city as of August 2013. Was... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5691548 |
Time-weighted average price In finance, time-weighted average price (TWAP) is the average price of a security over a specified time. TWAP is also sometimes used to describe a TWAP card, that is a strategy that will attempt to execute an order and achieve the TWAP or better. A TWAP strategy underpins more sophisticated ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5693885 |
GS1 DataBar is a family of symbols most commonly seen in the Coupon. Formerly known as Reduced Space Symbology (RSS-14), this family of barcodes include: All barcodes encode a GTIN-12 or GTIN-13 in a 14-digit data structure. In order to make the GTIN-12 or GTIN-13 a 14-digit data structure, a leading zero or zeros is f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5695794 |
GS1 DataBar Starting June 2011, GS1 Databar use is mandated for coupons and the use of UPC-A must be discontinued. The symbology is formally defined as ISO/IEC 24724:2006. The name was changed from RSS to due to the potential for confusion with Really Simple Syndication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5695794 |
Threshold population In microeconomics, a threshold population is the minimum number of people needed for a service to be worthwhile. In geography, a threshold population is the minimum number of people necessary before a particular good or service can be provided in an area. The concept is equivalent to the "range" in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5696235 |
Rubin causal model The (RCM), also known as the Neyman–Rubin causal model, is an approach to the statistical analysis of cause and effect based on the framework of potential outcomes, named after Donald Rubin. The name "Rubin causal model" was first coined by Paul W. Holland. The potential outcomes framework was first ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5700418 |
Rubin causal model Because of this random assignment, the groups are (on average) equivalent, and the difference in income at age 40 can be attributed to the college assignment since that was the only difference between the groups. An estimate of the Average Causal Effect (also referred to as the Average Treatment Effe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5700418 |
Rubin causal model Rubin defines a causal effect: Intuitively, the causal effect of one treatment, E, over another, C, for a particular unit and an interval of time from formula_1 to formula_2 is the difference between what would have happened at time formula_2 if the unit had been exposed to E initiated at formula_1 a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5700418 |
Rubin causal model The causal effect, or treatment effect, is the difference between these two potential outcomes. formula_7 is Joe's blood pressure if he takes the new pill. In general, this notation expresses the potential outcome which results from a treatment, "t", on a unit, "u". Similarly, formula_8 is the effect... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5700418 |
Rubin causal model And if formula_7 can never be observed, even in theory, then the causal effect of treatment on Joe's blood pressure is not defined. The causal effect of new drug is well defined because it is the simple difference of two potential outcomes, both of which might happen. In this case, we (or something e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5700418 |
Rubin causal model This is called the Stable Unit Treatment Value Assumption (SUTVA), which goes beyond the concept of independence. In the context of our example, Joe's blood pressure should not depend on whether or not Mary receives the drug. But what if it does? Suppose that Joe and Mary live in the same house and M... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5700418 |
Rubin causal model By considering more potential outcomes in this way, we can cause SUTVA to hold. However, if any units other than Joe are dependent on Mary, then we must consider further potential outcomes. The greater the number of dependent units, the more potential outcomes we must consider and the more complex th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5700418 |
Rubin causal model Even though the average causal effect for George and Sarah is +1 in absolute terms, it is -1 in percentage terms. The results we have seen up to this point would never be measured in practice. It is impossible, by definition, to observe the effect of more than one treatment on a subject over a specif... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5700418 |
Rubin causal model If we wanted five subjects to receive treatment, we could assign treatment to the first five names we pick out of a hat. When we randomly assign treatments we may get different answers. Assume that this data is the truth: The true average causal effect is -8. But the causal effect for these individua... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5700418 |
Rubin causal model The perfect doctor knows this information about a sample of patients: Based on this knowledge she would make the following treatment assignments: The perfect doctor distorts both averages by filtering out poor responses to both the treatment and control. The difference between means, which is the sup... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5700418 |
Conference Board Leading Economic Index The is an American economic leading indicator intended to forecast future economic activity. It is calculated by The Conference Board, a non-governmental organization, which determines the value of the index from the values of ten key variables. These variables have historically ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5720124 |
LoopCo is an economic model created in the mid-1990s as a proposal to the Federal Communications Commission and the U.S. Congress for the healthy development of competition in the local and long distance telephone industries in the United States. While there was widespread support among competitors in the industry, the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5720552 |
Saving Capitalism from the Capitalists Saving Capitalism from the Capitalists: Unleashing the Power of Financial Markets to Create Wealth and Spread Opportunity is a non-fiction book by Raghuram Rajan and Luigi Zingales of the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. It was published in hardcover in 2003 by Crow... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5722956 |
Buffer theory In the late 1950s a number of European countries (most notably West Germany and France) decided on a migration policy known as the buffer theory. Owing to rapid economic recovery in the post-World War II period (aided by the American Marshall plan) there were many more job vacancies than people who were a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5743212 |
Buffer theory In 1974 the then West German government imposed a ban restricting any future economic migrants and offered the possibility of returning to their country of origin to many others; few migrants took up the offer and they stayed at their jobs or began to receive unemployment assistance from the state. This l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5743212 |
Buffer theory There was a feeling amongst Germans that "they have taken our jobs", but this situation only arose because of Germans themselves losing their jobs in industry and manufacturing in particular in the difficult economic situation post 1973. (NB This 'family reunification' corresponds with the second wave on ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5743212 |
Secured creditor A secured creditor is a creditor with the benefit of a security interest over some or all of the assets of the debtor. In the event of the bankruptcy of the debtor, the secured creditor can enforce security against the assets of the debtor and avoid competing for a distribution on liquidation with the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5747646 |
The Invisible Bankers Invisible Bankers: Everything the Insurance Industry Never Wanted You to Know is a 1982 book on the insurance industry. It was written by the financial journalist Andrew Tobias who became famous for his earlier book "The Only Investment Guide You'll Ever Need". It covers the financial details of l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5748751 |
Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) is a classification of goods used to classify the exports and imports of a country to enable comparing different countries and years. The classification system is maintained by the United Nations. The SITC classification, is currently at revision four, which was promul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5758007 |
Special register body In the United Kingdom, a is an organisation whose name appeared in the special register maintained under section 84 of the Industrial Relations Act 1971 immediately before 16 September 1974, and which is a company registered under the Companies Act 1985 or is incorporated by charter or letters pat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5760627 |
General Securities Principal Exam The general securities principal exam, commonly referred to as the Series 24 exam, is administered by the U.S. Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) which qualifies a registered individual to supervise or manage branch activities such as corporate securities, REITs, variable ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5762552 |
Loan purpose is a term in United States mortgage industry to show the underlying reason an applicant is seeking a loan. The purpose of the loan is used by the lender to make decisions on the risk and may even impact the interest rate that is offered. For example, if an applicant is refinancing a mortgage after having t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5774003 |
Loan purpose 5% increase in interest rate if a borrower needs to draw equity out of the subject property. Pre-qualification | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5774003 |
Missing market A missing market is a situation in microeconomics where a competitive market allowing the exchange of a commodity would be Pareto-efficient, but no such market exists. A variety of factors can lead to missing markets: A classic example of a missing market is the case of an externality like pollution, whe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5774758 |
Missing market In non zero-sum interactions, it is possible that the Nash Equilibrium for individuals acting independently will be sub-optimal, in that both parties could benefit from cooperating, but on their own will choose not to. An example could be a shortage in footwear, where one person would like to open a fact... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5774758 |
Bulk purchasing is the purchase of much larger quantities than the usual, for a unit price that is lower than the usual. Wholesaling is selling goods in large quantities at a low unit price to retail merchants. The wholesaler will accept a slightly lower sales price for each unit, if the retailer will agree to purchase... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5776607 |
William Smith Medal The is a medal of the Geological Society of London, awarded for outstanding research in applied or economic geology. It was first awarded in 1977. It is named after William Smith. Source: Geological Society | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5803114 |
Charles Gide (; 1847–1932) was a French economist and historian of economic thought. He was a professor at the University of Bordeaux, at Montpellier, at Université de Paris and finally at Collège de France. His nephew was the author André Gide. An initiator of the "Revue d'économie politique" in 1887, Gide was a propo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5806990 |
Charles Gide He promoted the establishment of a School for Advanced Social Studies ("École supérieure de sciences sociales") (1899). Additionally, he served among the early faculty of the "École supérieure de journalisme de Paris". Together with the School for Social Studies, it was established in 1899 as one of three ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5806990 |
Maffeo Pantaleoni (; Frascati, 2 July 1857Milan, 29 October 1924) was an Italian economist. At first he was a notable proponent of neoclassical economics. Later in his life, before and during World War I, he became an ardent nationalist and syndicalist, with close ties to the Fascist movement. He was Minister of Financ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5808131 |
Karl Přibram Karl Eman Přibram (22 December 1877, Prague – 15 July 1973, Washington, D.C.), also known as “Karl Pribram”, was an Austrian-born economist. He is most noted for his work in labor economics, in industrial organization, and in the history of economic thought. Přibram analyzed post-scholastic economic though... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5823710 |
Overheating (economics) Overheating of an economy occurs when its productive capacity is unable to keep pace with growing aggregate demand. It is generally characterised by a below-average rate of economic growth, where growth is occurring at an unsustainable rate. Boom periods are often characterised by overheating in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5824349 |
Overheating (economics) These higher prices tend to reduce aggregate demand and exports (since goods and services become more expensive abroad) leading to reduced consumption. Central banks often simultaneously tighten monetary policy in response to increased inflationary pressures, reducing investment expenditure, whi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5824349 |
Auction theory is an applied branch of economics which deals with how people act in auction markets and researches the properties of auction markets. There are many possible designs (or sets of rules) for an auction and typical issues studied by auction theorists include the efficiency of a given auction design, optima... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5827247 |
Auction theory A "nonstandard" auction does not require this (e.g., a lottery). There are traditionally four types of auction that are used for the allocation of a single item: Most auction theory revolves around these four "basic" auction types. However, others have also received some academic study (see ). The "bench... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5827247 |
Auction theory Each bid function maps the player's value (in the case of a buyer) or cost (in the case of a seller) to a bid price. The payoff of each player under a combination of strategies is the expected utility (or expected profit) of that player under that combination of strategies. Game-theoretic models of aucti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5827247 |
Auction theory When it is necessary to make explicit assumptions about bidders' value distributions, most of the published research assumes symmetric bidders. This means that the probability distribution from which the bidders obtain their values (or signals) is identical across bidders. In a private values model which... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5827247 |
Auction theory Note that buyer 1 wins with probability 1 with a bid of (n-1)/n so we need only consider bids on the interval [0,(n-1)/n]. Suppose buyer 1 has value v and bids b. If buyer 2's value is x he bids B(x). Therefore, buyer 1 beats buyer 2 if Since x is uniformly distributed, buyer 1 bids higher than buyer 2 w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5827247 |
Auction theory Decision biases can also lead to predictable non-equivalencies. Additionally, if some bidders are known to have a higher valuation for the lot, techniques such as price-discriminating against such bidders will yield higher returns. In other words, if a bidder is known to value the lot at $X more than the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5827247 |
Auction theory For example, suppose there is a single potential buyer whose valuation is uniformly distributed on the interval [0,100]. If the seller can make a take-it-or-leave-it price offer, the optimal price is 50. The reason is that the buyer will buy whenever the buyer’s valuation v is at least as large as the pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5827247 |
Auction theory In the Journal of Economic Literature Classification System C7 is the classification for Game Theory and D44 is the classification for Auctions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5827247 |
Export performance is the relative success or failure of the efforts of a firm or nation to sell domestically-produced goods and services in other nations. can be described in objective terms such as sales, profits, or marketing measures or by subjective measures such as distributor or customer satisfaction. See a revi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5831009 |
Broad Economic Categories The (BEC) is a three-digit classification, which groups transportable goods according to their main end use. It is most often used for the general economic analysis of international merchandise trade data. The BEC system is defined in terms of the Standard International Trade Classification sy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5839083 |
Principal balance The principal balance, in regard to a mortgage or other debt instrument, is the amount due and owing to satisfy the payoff of the underlying obligation, less interest or other charges. Amortized mortgage loans automatically pay a portion of each monthly payment to the principal balance, with the rest ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5841638 |
Market exposure In finance, market exposure (or exposure) is a measure of the proportion of money invested in the same industry sector. For example, a stock portfolio with a total worth of $500,000, with $100,000 in semiconductor industry stocks, would have a 20% exposure in "chip" stocks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5843484 |
Remortgage A remortgage (known as refinancing in the United States) is the process of paying off one mortgage with the proceeds from a new mortgage using the same property as security. The term is mainly used commercially in the United Kingdom, though what it describes is not unique to any one country. Often the purpos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5851411 |
Remortgage The base rate has been at an historical low of 0.5% since March 2009. Due to these record low rates many people with an existing mortgage were able to remortgage their home from a higher rate onto a lower rate which could result in a saving on their monthly mortgage repayments The timing of remortgaging is i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5851411 |
Drummond Professor of Political Economy The Drummond Professorship of Political Economy at All Souls College, Oxford has been held by a number of distinguished individuals, including three Nobel laureates. The professorship is named after and was founded by Henry Drummond. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5873177 |
Median income per household member The median income per member of household is a measure used by statisticians and the US Census Bureau to determine the median income that exists in a household for each of its members. In order to obtain this number the median household income is divided by the median number of person... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5879022 |
Indian pulse export ban, 2006 The Indian pulse export ban of 2006 occurred on June 28, 2006 when the finance minister of India declared a ban, with immediate effect, on exports of sugar, pulses and wheat until the next harvest, due to domestic shortages. It will be in force until December 2006. The ban was later extend... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5888472 |
Trade Mart The term can be a generic English reference to any sizable commercial establishment. Well known individual Trade Marts include: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5894565 |
Unitax ("unified national indirect taxation") is a system of national revenue (complemented by ulitax - "unified local indirect taxation") based on non-monetary, energy value, units of assessment. Thus a revenue of £x or $y per gigajoule of primary energy entering any given economy can phase out all other taxes and rai... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5895532 |
West Indian pound The West Indies pound was the currency of several British Caribbean territories until 1949 when it was generally replaced by the West Indian dollar. It was equivalent to the pound sterling and was divided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5909624 |
The Fable of the Bees The Fable of The Bees: or, Private Vices, Publick Benefits (1714) is a book by the Anglo-Dutch social philosopher Bernard Mandeville. It consists of the satirical poem "The Grumbling Hive: or, Knaves turn'd Honest", which was first published anonymously in 1705; a prose discussion of the poem, cal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5909968 |
The Fable of the Bees He observed that those preaching against vice had no qualms about benefiting from it in the form of their society's overall wealth, which Mandeville saw as the cumulative result of individual vices (such as luxury, gambling, and crime, which benefited lawyers and the justice system). Mandeville's ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5909968 |
The Fable of the Bees Beginning with the 1724 edition Mandeville included a "Vindication", first published in the "London Journal", as a response to his critics. Between 1724 and 1732, further editions were published, with changes limited to matters of style, slight alterations of wording, and a few new pages of prefac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5909968 |
The Fable of the Bees Kaye's edition, a "model of what a fully annotated edition ought to be" and still important to Mandeville studies, was reprinted in 1988 by the American Liberty Fund. "The Grumbling Hive: or, Knaves turn'd Honest" (1705) is in doggerel couplets of eight syllables over 433 lines. It was a commentar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5909968 |
The Fable of the Bees At the time, the book was considered scandalous, being understood as an attack on Christian virtues. The 1723 edition gained a notoriety that previous editions had not, and caused debate among men of letters throughout the eighteenth century. The popularity of the second edition in 1723 in particu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5909968 |
The Fable of the Bees Hutcheson argued that pleasure consisted in "affection to fellow creatures", and not the hedonistic pursuit of bodily pleasures. He also disagreed with Mandeville's notion of luxury, which he believed depended on too austere a notion of virtue. The modern economist John Maynard Keynes noted that "... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5909968 |
The Fable of the Bees The people of Sparta were said to have rigorous, immaterialistic ideals, and Holberg wrote that Sparta was strong because of this system of virtue: "She was free from internal unrest because there was no material wealth to give rise to quarrels. She was respected and honored for her impartiality a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5909968 |
The Fable of the Bees Assuming with the ascetics that human desires were essentially evil and therefore produced 'private vices' and assuming with the common view that wealth was a 'public benefit', he easily showed that all civilization implied the development of vicious propensities. As a satire, the poem and comment... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5909968 |
The Fable of the Bees Man was different, though, in that he could learn to see himself through others' eyes, and thus modify his behaviour if there were a social reward for doing so. In this light Mandeville wrote of the method by which the selfish instincts of "savage man" had been subdued by the political organizatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5909968 |
The Fable of the Bees His ideas about the division of labor draw on those of William Petty, and are similar to those of Adam Smith. Mandeville says: The poem suggests many key principles of economic thought, including division of labor and the "invisible hand", seventy years before these concepts were more thoroughly e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5909968 |
Face-amount certificate company A face-amount certificate company is an investment company which offers an investment certificate as defined by the Investment Company Act of 1940. In general, these companies issue fixed income debt securities that obligate the issuer to pay a fixed sum at a future date. They are genera... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5910334 |
World Population Day World Population day is an annual event, observed on July 11 every year, which seeks to raise awareness of global population issues. The event was established by the Governing Council of the United Nations Development Programme in 1989. It was inspired by the public interest in Five Billion Day on ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5934618 |
Total economic value (TEV) is a concept in cost–benefit analysis that refers to the value derived by people from a natural resource, a man-made heritage resource or an infrastructure system, compared to not having it. It appears in environmental economics as an aggregation of the (main function based) values provided b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5934749 |
Crude oil engine The crude oil engine is a type of internal combustion engine similar to the hot bulb engine. A crude oil engine could be driven by all sorts of oils such as engine waste oil and vegetable oils. Even peanut oil and butter could be used as fuel if necessary. Like hot bulb engines, crude oil engines were ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5937388 |
Complexity theory and organizations Complexity theory and organizations, also called complexity strategy or complex adaptive organizations, is the use of the study of complexity systems in the field of strategic management and organizational studies. Complexity theory is an interdisciplinary theory that grew out of sys... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5938019 |
Complexity theory and organizations CAS are contrasted with ordered and chaotic systems by the relationship that exists between the system and the agents which act within it. In an ordered system the level of constraint means that all agent behaviour is limited to the rules of the system. In a chaotic system the agents... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5938019 |
Complexity theory and organizations This approaches advocates forming a "culture of trust" that "welcomes outsiders, embraces new ideas, and promotes cooperation." Complexity Theory implies approaches that focus on flatter, more flexible organizations, rather than top-down, command-and-control styles of management. A t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5938019 |
Applied economics is the application of economic theory and econometrics in specific settings. As one of the two sets of fields of economics (the other set being the "core"), it is typically characterized by the application of the "core", i.e. economic theory and econometrics, to address practical issues in a range of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5944849 |
Applied economics The full title of Mill's (1848) work is Principles of Political Economy with Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy. John Neville Keynes was perhaps the first to use the phrase “applied economics”. He noted that the "English School" (John Stuart Mill, John Elliott Cairnes, and Nassau William ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5944849 |
Applied economics Indeed, it was he who proposed using the phrase “applied economics” instead of “the art of political economy”. Keynes further discussed the uses of the phrases applied political economy and applied economics noting three different uses: Léon Walras, for example, planned to organize his main work into ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5944849 |
Applied economics He discussed the following fields: Modern mainstream economics holds the view that there is a body of abstract economic theory – the "core" – and applied economics involves the practitioner in the lowering some elements of the abstraction of this to examine particular issues. This lowering of the leve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5944849 |
Applied economics In this context that is the claim to be an "applied economist," is just shorthand for saying they are looking at the real economy. What is being applied need not be "economic theory", as conventionally defined rather something more basic. Eli Devons made a distinction between three different kinds of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5944849 |
Applied economics These journals are published by the Agricultural & Applied Economics Association. The "American Journal of Agricultural Economics" has been produced since 1919, and publishes research in the "economics of agriculture and food, natural resources and the environment, and rural and community development ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5944849 |
Applied economics But they note that as with the definition of applied economics itself, there are within the economics profession differing views as to what belongs in the core – where one draws the line between research that is contributing to the core and research that is applying the core, and the relative importan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5944849 |
Applied economics Comim uses the history of the economics of growth in order to illustrate the historical nature of the concept of applied economics. He first discusses the perspective of the theorists’ views of the applied dimension of their work and examines each from the perspective of the work carried out at the De... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5944849 |
Applied economics In other words, it was not just a technical quarrel over such things as the sign and size of wage-elasticity but rather an installment in a long running methodological dispute over whether neoclassical price theory is in reality of any use. Swann (2006) queries the dominance of such econometric techni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5944849 |
Commodity chain A commodity chain is a process used by firms to gather resources, transform them into goods or commodities, and finally, distribute them to consumers. It is a series of links connecting the many places of production and distribution and resulting in a commodity that is then exchanged on the world market... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5945291 |
Computer simulation and organizational studies Computer simulation is a prominent method in organizational studies and strategic management. While there are many uses for computer simulation (including the development of engineering systems inside high-technology firms), most academics in the fields of strategic manage... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5957183 |
Computer simulation and organizational studies (Note: this list is not Mutually Exclusive nor Collectively Exhaustive, but tries to be fair to the dominant trends. For three different taxonomies see Carley 2001; Davis et al. 2007; Dooley 2002) Early research in strategy and organizations using computational simulation ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5957183 |
FATF blacklist The FATF blacklist, now called the "Call for action", was the common shorthand description for the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) list of "Non-Cooperative Countries or Territories" (NCCTs). The or OECD blacklist has been issued by the FATF of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5967625 |
FATF blacklist As at 21 February 2020, only two countries were on the FATF blacklist: North Korea and Iran. What is referred to as the "FATF grey list" in media is now formally called "Other monitored jurisdictions" . FATF was established by the G7 summit that was held in Paris in 1989. Founding stakeholders include th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5967625 |
FATF blacklist FATF has been providing policy recommendations since 1990 and their recommendations have revised four times since then. FATF also monitors the situations of its members in establishing adequate measures and institutions to fight against money laundering and terrorist financing. FATF also makes sure that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5967625 |
FATF blacklist " The list consisted of the following countries: The second FATF report, published in 2001 and including a supplemental report in September, denoted a further eight countries as non-cooperative: According to June 2002 report from FATF, following countries were listed as NCCTs. According to June 2003 repo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5967625 |
FATF blacklist The following countries have not made sufficient progress in addressing the deficiencies or have not committed to an action plan developed with the FATF to address the deficiencies. A total of 17 countries were labeled as high-risk and non-cooperative jurisdictions by FATF. All listed countries below are... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5967625 |
FATF blacklist A total of 11 countries were identified as jurisdictions with strategic deficiencies posing a risk to the international financial system. Jurisdictions with strategic AML/CFT deficiencies that have not made sufficient progress in addressing the deficiencies or have not committed to an action plan. A tota... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5967625 |
FATF blacklist The FATF statement issued on 23 October 2015 identified three high-risk and non-cooperative jurisdictions: Call to apply counter-measures: Jurisdictions with strategic deficiencies: The FATF statement from 19 February 2016 dropped Panama from its gray list, but there is still the OECD Myanmar from the li... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5967625 |
FATF blacklist The OECD has maintained a 'blacklist' of countries it considers "uncooperative tax havens" in the drive for transparency of tax affairs and the effective exchange of information, officially called "The List of Uncooperative Tax Havens". Since May 2009, no countries were officially listed as uncooperative... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5967625 |
FATF blacklist Bahrain, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and UAE have been also been regularly accused of doing very little to prevent flow of funds for the terror financing in other nations. Bahrain accepts Muslim Brotherhood affiliate Minbar as an legitimate political player. Qatar directly its interactions with militants by fina... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5967625 |
High and Mighty (book) High and Mighty: SUVs - The World's Most Dangerous vehicles and how they got that way () is a book by Keith Bradsher which details the tax breaks, protectionism and policy decisions which led to the rise of the sport utility vehicle in modern America, and the poor safety record of the first and s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5979772 |
Local enterprise company A local enterprise company (LEC) is a public-sector organisation in Scotland with responsibility for local economic development activities. The LECs form part of the two enterprise networks, Scottish Enterprise and Highlands and Islands Enterprise. Previously autonomous, the Scottish Enterprise... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5986154 |
InCablenet is one of the largest cable broadcasting companies in India. It provides cable television, internet, and telecommunications services for major cities such as Mumbai, Ahmedabad and Delhi. is part of the media division in Hinduja Group called IndusInd Media & Communications Ltd. (IMCL). The Holding Company for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5990016 |
Ingenieurs zonder Grenzen Ingenieurs zonder Grenzen, (Dutch for "Engineers Without Borders") is a name used by two Belgian organizations, both of which are provisional members of the Engineers Without Borders International network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5993782 |
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