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Tax policy is the choice by a government as to what taxes to levy, in what amounts, and on whom. It has both microeconomic and macroeconomic aspects. The macroeconomic aspects concern the overall quantity of taxes to collect, which can inversely affect the level of economic activity; this is one component of fiscal pol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5341987 |
Tax policy National Insurance in the United Kingdom and Social Security in the United States are forms of social welfare funded outside their national income tax systems, paid for through worker contributions, something labeled a stealth tax by critics. The implementation of tax policy has always been a tricky business... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5341987 |
MDDL MDDL, the Market Data Definition Language, is an XML-based messaging format for exchanging information related to was developed by FISD (Financial Information Services Division) of SIIA (Software & Information Industry Association). The initiative for the use of XML in market data exchange was started in the year ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5345493 |
Rise of Central China Plan The () is a policy adopted by the People's Republic of China to accelerate the development of its central regions. It was announced by Premier Wen Jiabao on 5 March 2004. It covers six provinces: Shanxi, Henan, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, and Jiangxi. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5346652 |
Participation constraint (mechanism design) In game theory, and particularly mechanism design, participation constraints or rational participation constraints are said to be satisfied if a mechanism leaves all participants at least as well off as they would have been if they hadn't participated. Unfortunately, it can f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5365665 |
Capital adequacy ratio Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is also known as "Capital to Risk (Weighted) Assets Ratio" (CRAR), is the ratio of a bank's capital to its risk. National regulators track a bank's CAR to ensure that it can absorb a reasonable amount of loss and complies with statutory Capital requirements. It is a m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5373006 |
Capital adequacy ratio The percent threshold varies from bank to bank (10% in this case, a common requirement for regulators conforming to the Basel Accords) and is set by the national banking regulator of different countries. Two types of capital are measured: tier one capital (formula_4 above), which can absorb losse... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5373006 |
Capital adequacy ratio The specifics of CAR calculation vary from country to country, but general approaches tend to be similar for countries that apply the Basel Accords. In the most basic application, government debt is allowed a 0% "risk weighting" - that is, they are subtracted from total assets for purposes of cal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5373006 |
Capital adequacy ratio It is considered less risky because some of its assets are less risky than others. The Basel rules recognize that different types of equity are more important than others. To recognize this, different adjustments are made: Different minimum CARs are applied. For example, the minimum Tier I equity... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5373006 |
Positive non-interventionism was the economic policy of Hong Kong; this policy can be traced back to the time when Hong Kong was under British rule. It was first officially implemented in 1971 by Financial Secretary of Hong Kong John Cowperthwaite, who observed that the economy was doing well in the absence of governme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5390382 |
Positive non-interventionism According to Haddon-Cave: positive non-interventionism involves taking the view that it is normally futile and damaging to the growth rate of an economy, particularly an open economy, for the Government to attempt to plan the allocation of resources available to the private sector and to fr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5390382 |
Inland Revenue Ordinance The is one of Hong Kong's Ordinances. It regulates the inland revenue of Hong Kong. IRO Section.2 Interpretation of some terms using in the ordinance. IRO Section.5 Charge of property tax IRO Section.5B Ascertainment of assessable value IRO Section.7C Rental Bad debts (irrecoverable & recovered... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5391636 |
Inland Revenue Ordinance 32 Single parent allowance IRO Section.34 Initial and annual allowances, industrial buildings and structures IRO Section.35 Balancing allowances and charges, buildings and structures IRO Section.37 Initial and annual allowances, machinery or plant IRO Section.38 Balancing allowances and charges... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5391636 |
Goldilocks economy A is an economy that is not too hot or cold, in other words sustains moderate economic growth, and that has low inflation, which allows a market-friendly monetary policy. The name comes from the children's story "The Three Bears". The first use of this phrase is credited to David Shulman of Salomon B... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5392814 |
Monster Employment Index The was a monthly analysis of online job demand conducted by Monster Worldwide, running from October 2003 through December 2012. Based on a monthly review of millions of opportunities culled from a large selection of corporate career sites and job boards, including itself, the Index presented a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5409405 |
Pecking order theory In corporate finance, the pecking order theory (or pecking order model) postulates that the cost of financing increases with asymmetric information. Financing comes from three sources, internal funds, debt and new equity. Companies prioritize their sources of financing, first preferring internal fi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5409651 |
Pecking order theory It states that companies prioritize their sources of financing (from internal financing to equity) according to the cost of financing, preferring to raise equity as a financing means of last resort. Hence, internal funds are used first, and when that is depleted, debt is issued, and when it is not ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5409651 |
Pecking order theory Zeidan, Galil and Shapir (2018) document that owners of private firms in Brazil follow the pecking order theory, and also Myers and Shyam-Sunder (1999) find that some features of the data are better explained by the pecking order than by the trade-off theory. Frank and Goyal show, among other thing... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5409651 |
Freiburg school __notoc__ The Freiburg School () is a school of economic thought founded in the 1930s at the University of Freiburg. It builds somewhat on the earlier historical school of economics but stresses that only some forms of competition are good, while others may require oversight. This is considered a lawful... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5414889 |
International Fiscal Association The (IFA) was established in 1938 as the only non-governmental and non-sectoral international organisation dealing with fiscal matters. Its headquarters are in the Netherlands. The objects of IFA are the study and advancement of international and comparative law in regard to public fina... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5421889 |
International Fiscal Association IFA's governance structure is two-fold, with an executive board managing the day-to-day activities of the organisation, and with a general council to look towards long-term goals. The current president of IFA, chairing both the executive board and the general council, is M. Clayson. The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5421889 |
Second-tier sourcing is a procurement policy used by many Fortune 500 corporations. is a practice of rewarding those suppliers that achieve or attempt to achieve the minority-owned business (MBE) spending goals of their customer. The program was started by Chrysler Corporation in 1993 and now extends throughout the For... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5425403 |
Software manufacturing is the process of producing software in ways similar to the manufacturing of tangible goods. In this way of conducting business, each copy of the software is priced and sold as though it was a tangible product. The sales process usually is conducted by per copy or per desktop software licensing. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5448360 |
Uniform Principal and Income Act The (UPAIA) is one of the uniform acts that have been promulgated in an attempt to harmonize the law in all fifty U.S. states. The Act was completed by the Commissioners on Uniform State Laws in 1997, and amended in 2000. The purpose of the UPAIA (sometimes referred to as the UPIA) is t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5451708 |
Economics (textbook) Economics is an introductory textbook by American economists Paul Samuelson and William Nordhaus. It was first published in 1948, and has appeared in nineteen different editions, the most recent in 2009. It was the best selling economics textbook for many decades and still remains popular, selling ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5452570 |
Economics (textbook) This paralleled the then-extant Cold War economies of Soviet communism and American capitalism. This advanced a simplified view of the vying schools of economic thought, subsuming schools which considered themselves distinct, and today many within and without economics equate "economics" with "neo-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5452570 |
Minimum lease payments are rental payments over the lease term including the amount of any bargain purchase option, premium, and any guaranteed residual value and excluding any rental relating to costs to be met by the lessor and any contingent rentals.Leased asset is depreciated in books of lessee over its useful life... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5458541 |
Power Plus Pro is a piece of financial software produced by Reuters Group in the form of an addin for Microsoft Office Excel. A real-time data engine, it pushes new data into Excel when it receives notification of updates from a Reuters TIBCO bus or from Thomson Reuters' RMDS. This commonly involves live market data, s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5487564 |
Power Plus Pro has been succeeded by Thomson Reuters' Eikon Excel which can convert spreadsheets to use new functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5487564 |
Stability theory In mathematics, stability theory addresses the stability of solutions of differential equations and of trajectories of dynamical systems under small perturbations of initial conditions. The heat equation, for example, is a stable partial differential equation because small perturbations of initial data... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5493795 |
Stability theory If a particular orbit is well understood, it is natural to ask next whether a small change in the initial condition will lead to similar behavior. addresses the following questions: Will a nearby orbit indefinitely stay close to a given orbit? Will it converge to the given orbit? In the former case, th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5493795 |
Stability theory In particular, at each equilibrium of a smooth dynamical system with an "n"-dimensional phase space, there is a certain "n"×"n" matrix "A" whose eigenvalues characterize the behavior of the nearby points (Hartman–Grobman theorem). More precisely, if all eigenvalues are negative real numbers or complex ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5493795 |
Stability theory Let be a continuously differentiable function with a fixed point , . Consider the dynamical system obtained by iterating the function : The fixed point is stable if the absolute value of the derivative of at is strictly less than 1, and unstable if it is strictly greater than 1. This is because near th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5493795 |
Stability theory ) This solution is asymptotically stable as ("in the future") if and only if for all eigenvalues of , . Similarly, it is asymptotically stable as ("in the past") if and only if for all eigenvalues of , . If there exists an eigenvalue of with then the solution is unstable for . Application of this resul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5493795 |
Tax collector A tax collector or a taxman is a person who collects unpaid taxes from other people or corporations. The term could also be applied to those who audit tax returns. Tax collectors are often portrayed in fiction as being evil, and in the modern world share a similar stereotype to that of lawyers. Tax collec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5503229 |
Folkhemmet (, "the people's home") is a political concept that played an important role in the history of the Swedish Social Democratic Party and the Swedish welfare state. It is also sometimes used to refer to the long period between 1932 and 1976 when the Social Democrats were in power (except for a brief period in 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5533355 |
Folkhemmet The Social Democratic leaders Ernst Wigforss, an avid Keynesian, Gustav Möller and Per Albin Hansson, a social corporatist, are considered the main architects of "folkhemmet", with inspiration from the conservative Kjellén and the Danish Social Democrats C.V. Bramsnæs and Karl Kristian Steincke. It was later... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5533355 |
Folkhemmet Good and easily available education, even to higher levels, was considered particularly important for building the new society. As a result, Sweden became one of the first countries in the world to offer free education at all levels, including all public universities, along with several new universities foun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5533355 |
Markov strategy In game theory, a is one that depends only on state variables that summarize the history of the game in one way or another. For instance, a state variable can be the current play in a repeated game, or it can be any interpretation of a recent sequence of play. A profile of Markov strategies is a Markov ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5534844 |
Endowment tax is the taxation of financial endowments that are otherwise not taxed due to their charitable, educational, or religious mission. Endowments can be up to several billion dollars at some universities, some charitable foundations, and some medical foundations. In 2005, the city of Cambridge, Massachusetts, p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5538465 |
The Coal Question The Coal Question; An Inquiry Concerning the Progress of the Nation, and the Probable Exhaustion of Our Coal Mines is a book that economist William Stanley Jevons wrote in 1865 to explore the implications of Britain's reliance on coal. Given that coal was a finite, non-renewable energy resource, Jevon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5560362 |
The Coal Question With such facts familiarly before us, it can be no matter of surprise that year by year we make larger draughts upon a material of such myriad qualities — of such miraculous powers." "...new applications of coal are of an unlimited character. In the command of force, molecular and mechanical, we have ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5560362 |
The Coal Question Using historical production estimates, Jevons showed that for the previous 80 years production had grown at a relatively consistent rate of 3.5% per year, or 41% per decade. If this growth rate were to continue, production would grow from approximately 100 million tons in 1865 to more than 2.6 billion... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5560362 |
The Coal Question Since then, production has dropped to less than 20 million tons. Current UK resources are estimated at about 400 million tons. According to Jevons, coal depletion had serious ramifications for population growth. The population of the UK had increased by more than 10% each decade for the prior 70 years... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5560362 |
The Coal Question But long-continued progress in such a manner is altogether impossible — it must outstrip all physical conditions and bounds; and the longer it continues, the more severely must the ultimate check be felt. I do not hesitate to say, therefore, that the rapid growth of our great towns, gratifying as it i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5560362 |
The Coal Question As he wrote: " It is wholly a confusion of ideas to suppose that the economical use of fuel is equivalent to a diminished consumption. The very contrary is the truth." Jevons described the historical development of engine technology and argued that the great increase in the UK's consumption of coal wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5560362 |
The Coal Question In short, the prospect that society would voluntarily reduce consumption was dim. Jevons considered the feasibility of alternative energy sources, foreshadowing modern debates on the subject. Regarding wind and tidal forces, he explained that such sources of intermittent power could be made more usefu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5560362 |
The Coal Question Still, the UK's prosperity should at least be seen as imposing responsibilities on the current generation. In particular, Jevons proposed applying the current wealth to righting social ills and to creating a more just society: "We must begin to allow that we can do today what we cannot so well do tomo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5560362 |
The Coal Question A worse premium upon improvidence and future wretchedness could not be imagined." As Jevons predicted, coal production could not grow exponentially forever. UK production peaked in 1913, and the country lost its global superiority to a new giant of energy production, the United States, a turn of event... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5560362 |
The Coal Question Studies by Dave Rutledge of the California Institute of Technology, and by the Energy Watch Group of Germany indicate that global coal production will also peak within the current generation, perhaps as soon as 2030. A parallel study by the Energy Watch Group also indicates the limited supply of urani... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5560362 |
Career Guide to Industries The was a publication of the United States Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics that included information about the nature of the industry, working conditions, training and education, earnings, and job outlook for workers in dozens of different industries. The "Career Guide" was r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5563410 |
Turnover (employment) In the context of human resources, turnover is the act of replacing an employee with a new employee. Partings between organizations and employees may consist of termination, retirement, death, interagency transfers, and resignations. An organization’s turnover is measured as a percentage rate, whi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5575327 |
Turnover (employment) In the United States, the average total of non-farm seasonally adjusted monthly turnover was 3.3% for the period from December, 2000 to November, 2008. However, rates vary widely when compared over different periods of time and with different job sectors. For example, during the 2001-2006 period, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5575327 |
Turnover (employment) The fourth type of turnover is dysfunctional, which occurs when a high-performing employee leaves the organization. Dysfunctional turnover can be potentially costly to an organization, and could be the result of a more appealing job offer or lack of opportunities in career advancement. Too much tu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5575327 |
Turnover (employment) The true cost of turnover is going to depend on a number of variables including ease or difficulty in filling the position and the nature of the job itself. Estimating the costs of turnover within an organization can be a worthwhile exercise, especially since “turnover costs” are unlikely to appea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5575327 |
Turnover (employment) Internal turnover might be moderated and controlled by typical HR mechanisms, such as an internal recruitment policy or formal succession planning. Internal turnover, called internal transfers, is generally considered an opportunity to help employees in their career growth while minimizing the mor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5575327 |
Turnover (employment) It can also indicate unsafe or unhealthy conditions, or that too few employees give satisfactory performance (due to unrealistic expectations, inappropriate processes or tools, or poor candidate screening). The lack of career opportunities and challenges, dissatisfaction with the job-scope or conf... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5575327 |
Turnover (employment) Examples include Herzberg's two factor theory, McClelland's Theory of Needs, and Hackman and Oldham's Job Characteristics Model. Evidence suggests that distress is the major cause of turnover in organizations. A number of studies report a positive relationship between bullying, intention to leave ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5575327 |
Turnover (employment) Low turnover may indicate the presence of employee "investments" (also known "side bets") in their position: certain may be enjoyed while the employee remains employed with the organization, which would be lost upon resignation (e.g., health insurance, discounted home loans, redundancy packages). ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5575327 |
Turnover (employment) Promoting a work environment that fosters personal and professional growth promotes harmony and encouragement on all levels, so the effects are felt company wide. Continual training and reinforcement develops a work force that is competent, consistent, competitive, effective and efficient. Beginni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5575327 |
Turnover (employment) Labour turnover is equal to the number of employees leaving, divided by the average total number of employees (in order to give a percentage value). The number of employees leaving and the total number of employees are measured over one calendar year. formula_1 Where: For example, at the start of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5575327 |
Turnover (employment) The first model, and by far the one attaining most attention from researchers, was put forward in 1958 by March & Simon. After this model there have been several efforts to extend the concept. Since 1958 the following models of employee turnover have been published. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5575327 |
Index arbitrage is a subset of statistical arbitrage focusing on index components. The idea is that an index (such as S&P 500 or Russell 2000) is made up of several components (in the example, 500 large US stocks picked by S&P to represent the US market) that influence the index price in a different manner. For instanc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5576186 |
Index arbitrage Other types of index arbitrage include basis trading, the arbitrage between a current index value (synthetically replicated) and that of its future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5576186 |
Synthetic replication was first introduced in Europe in 2001. is done through a type of exchange traded fund (ETF). An important attribute of this specific type of fund is that it does not hold any underlying securities featured on its benchmark. Instead of holding these securities synthetic ETF’s use derivatives such ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5576266 |
Synthetic replication The bank you purchased the fund from would largely mirror Apples stock performance 100% through the use of derivatives and swaps in the process of replication and would charge you a fee for it. This is an extremely simple example but does describe the base process of synthetic replication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5576266 |
Equity capital markets Equity capital is raised in many ways; the major types of equity capital are unlisted equity, listed equity and hybrids. Equity capital market practices traditionally advise on a full range of equity, debt equity-linked, hybrid, asset-backed, credit-linked and derivative products that are offered... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5579491 |
Safe bottle lamp The Safe bottle lamp, called sudeepa or sudipa for "good lamp", is a safer kerosene lamp designed by Wijaya Godakumbura of Sri Lanka. The safety comes from heavier glass, a secure screw-on metal lid, and two flat sides which prevent it from rolling if knocked over. As surgeon Dr. Godakumbura saw many b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5584134 |
Safe bottle lamp Having received a Rolex Award for Enterprise in 1998, Dr. Godakumbura established the Safe Bottle Lamp Foundation (SBLF), a non-profit organization. The Foundation is governed by a board of directors and employs two full-time staff . In addition to the Rolex Award, the foundation and Dr. Godakumbura ha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5584134 |
Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism is a 1991 book by Fredric Jameson, in which the author offers a critique of modernism and postmodernism from a Marxist perspective. The book began as a 1984 article in the "New Left Review". For Jameson, postmodernism is a forced but highly permeating field, give... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5584686 |
Orwell Rolls in His Grave is a 2003 American documentary film directed by Robert Kane Pappas and written by Pappas and Tom Blackburn. The film covered topics including the Telecommunications Act of 1996, concentration of media ownership, political corruption, Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the controversy ove... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5586167 |
Extended-hours trading (or electronic trading hours, ETH) is stock trading that happens either before or after the trading day of a stock exchange, i.e., pre-market trading or after-hours trading. After-hours trading is the name for buying and selling of securities when the major markets are closed. Since 1985, the reg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5587690 |
Mortgage equity withdrawal In economics, mortgage equity withdrawal (MEW) is the decision of consumers to borrow money against the real value of their houses. The real value is the current value of the property less any accumulated liabilities (mortgages, loans, etc.) Some authors also use "equity extraction" and inclu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5606517 |
Purchasing process Purchasing is the formal process of buying goods and services. The purchasing process can vary from one organization to another, but there are some common key elements. The process usually starts with a demand or requirements – this could be for a physical part (inventory) or a service. A requisition... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5608044 |
Purchasing process The consumer purchases for the consumption of themselves, then they fall into this very important category class. They are ultimately driving the economy through the purchase of it is products. Therefore, the economy becomes dependent on them. Facilitated by middlemen for the intention of re-sale to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5608044 |
Economics of coffee Coffee is a popular beverage and an important commodity. Tens of millions of small producers in developing countries make their living growing coffee. Over 2.25 billion cups of coffee are consumed in the world every day. Over 90 percent of coffee production takes place in developing countries - most... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5612952 |
Economics of coffee In 2009, Brazil was the world leader in production of green coffee, followed by Vietnam, Indonesia, Colombia and Ethiopia. Arabica coffee beans are cultivated in Latin America, eastern Africa, Arabia, or Asia. Robusta coffee beans are grown in western and central Africa, throughout southeast Asia, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5612952 |
Economics of coffee The reasons for this decline included a collapse of the International Coffee Agreement of 1962–1989 with Cold War pressures, which had held the minimum coffee price at US$1.20 per pound. The expansion of Brazilian coffee plantations and Vietnam's entry into the market in 1994 when the United States ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5612952 |
Economics of coffee It is also important to note that the coffee sold at retail is a different economic product than wholesale coffee traded as a commodity, which becomes an input to the various ultimate end products so that its market is ultimately affected by changes in consumption patterns and prices. In 2005, howev... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5612952 |
Economics of coffee Fair trade coffee is produced by small coffee producers who belong to cooperatives; guaranteeing for these cooperatives a minimum price, though with historically low prices, current fair-trade minimums are lower than the market price of only a few years ago. Fairtrade America is the primary organiza... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5612952 |
Economics of coffee Large roasters normally sell pre-packaged coffee to large retailers, such as Maxwell House, Folgers and Millstone. Coffee reaches the consumers through cafes and specialty stores selling coffee, of which, approximately, 30 percent are chains, and through supermarkets and traditional retail chains. S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5612952 |
Economics of coffee However, in the 1970s and 1980s, during the Green Revolution, the US Agency for International Development and other groups gave eighty million dollars to plantations in Latin America for advancements to go along with the general shift to technified agriculture. These plantations replaced their shade... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5612952 |
Special Savings Incentive Account A Special Saving Incentive Account (SSIA) was a type of interest-bearing account in Ireland. These accounts were available to open between 1 May 2001 and 30 April 2002, and featured a state-provided top-up of 25% of the sum deposited. Introduced in the "Finance Act 2001", the SSIA was ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5614609 |
Special Savings Incentive Account Opposition parties questioned the effectiveness of the scheme in dampening inflation (running at 7% at its peak) and also the timing of the maturities, which they claimed would benefit the government at the 2007 general election. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5614609 |
Acetabulum (unit) In Ancient Roman measurement, the acetabulum was a measure of volume (fluid and dry) equivalent to the Greek . It was one-fourth of the hemina and therefore one-eighth of the sextarius. It contained the weight in water of fifteen Attic drachmae. Used with some frequency by Pliny the Elder, in a 1952 t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5615371 |
Voltage compensation In a power system, voltage at various buses tends to increase or decrease during its daily operation. To ensure constant voltage to consumers, various techniques are utilized. When the voltage is below the required level, reactive power produced by inductance needs to be offset by capacitance. When... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5630755 |
Potomac Associates is an American consortium of four independent non-partisan consulting firms engaged in research and policy consulting on substantive economic and legal issues in international trade, foreign investment, and economic development. They also work to further trade capacity building in developing countrie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5632976 |
Trade working capital In business finance, trade working capital (TWC) is the difference between current assets and current liabilities related to the everyday operations of a company. TWC is usually expressed in % of sales. The working capital is utilized by organizations to subsidize day by day tasks. Working capital... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5640539 |
Audit Scotland is an independent public body responsible for auditing most of Scotland's public organisations. These include the Scottish Government, local councils and NHS Scotland. It audits over 220 organisations, including: was established in 2000. It employees a staff of around 250 people. Its corporate HQ is on W... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5640659 |
Needs Convenience is a chain of convenience stores throughout eastern Canada. The Needs logo and trademark are owned by Sobeys. Individual stores are operated by independent franchisees. Sobeys is the exclusive supplier to the chain. Many stores operate from 6am-midnight; however, there are some 24-hour locations in la... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5643836 |
Economics of security The economics of information security addresses the economic aspects of privacy and computer security. Economics of information security includes models of the strictly rational “homo economicus” as well as behavioral economics. addresses individual and organizational decisions and behaviors with ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5644049 |
Economics of security Also in 2000 at Harvard, Camp at the School of Government and Wolfram in the Department of Economics argued that security is not a public good but rather each extant vulnerabilities has an associated negative externality value. Vulnerabilities were defined in this work as tradable goods. Six years... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5644049 |
Economics of security The authors came together to develop and expand a series of flagship events under the name Workshop on the Economics of Information Security. Proof of work is a security technology designed to stop spam by altering the economics. An early paper in economics of information security argued that proo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5644049 |
Johannesburg Declaration The on Sustainable Development was adopted at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), sometimes referred to as Earth Summit 2002, at which the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development was also agreed upon. The builds on earlier declarations made at the U... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5653446 |
Regular way contracts Regular way is a finance term describing a trade that is settled through the regular settlement cycle for that particular investment. The settlement cycle starts the day the trade is made and ends when it is paid for. The length is two days for foreign exchange markets and three days for corporate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5659969 |
Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC) was jointly developed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics and Statistics New Zealand in order to make it easier to compare industry statistics between the two countries and with the rest of the world. The 2006 edition of the ANZSIC replaced the 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5662515 |
Current use is a phrase used to describe the present condition of land use and corresponding scheme for property tax incentives for qualifying land owners (typically rural) who wish to preserve open space and avoid having their property assessed at the "best and highest" use that could be made of it (i.e., a housing de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5663112 |
Current use In New Hampshire, USA, the owner of ten or more contiguous acres can file for the current use abatement for that portion of land not currently covered by structures or other improvements. The same application form is used to request the recreational easement, which is then recorded in the county registry of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5663112 |
Commissioner v. Wilcox Commissioner v. Wilcox, 327 U.S. 404 (1946), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States. The issue presented in this case was whether embezzled money constituted taxable income to the embezzler under § 22(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939. Although the Court ruled that the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5674927 |
Commuter tax A commuter tax is a tax (generally on either income or wages) levied upon persons who work, but do not live, in a particular jurisdiction. The argument for a commuter tax is that it pays for public services, such as police, fire, and sanitation, received by and beneficial to people who work within the juri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=5691548 |
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