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Banco Nossa Caixa (BM&F Bovespa: BNCA3) was a Brazilian bank listed since 2005 on the BM&F Bovespa and focused on State of São Paulo, but active in other Brazilian States. Founded in 1916 originating from "Caixas Economicas Paulista", used to have 547 branches. The Bank was incorporated into the Banco do Brasil in 2008... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23125839 |
Federal Reserve Statistical Release H.15 The United States is a weekly publication (with daily updates) of the Federal Reserve System of selected market interest rates. Many residential mortgage loans are indexed to the one-year treasury rate published in the H.15 release. The H.15 covers the following rates, in varyin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23130913 |
Market requirements document A market requirements document (MRD) in project management and systems engineering, is a document that expresses the customer's wants and needs for the product or service. It is typically written as a part of product marketing or product management. The document should explain: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23154862 |
Oil, Gas and Energy Law is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering all aspects of law pertaining to oil, gas, and energy in general. It publishes short comments, scholarly articles, opinion pieces, and book reviews. The journal was established in 2003 and is published by Maris BV. The founding editor-in-chief was Tho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23160300 |
South African Journal of Economics is a quarterly peer-reviewed economics journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Economic Society of South Africa (ESSA). The journal was established in 1933. The journal publishes information on economic issues affecting African countries. General topics of focus include ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23191898 |
RIGIBOR stands for the Riga Interbank Offered Rate and is a daily reference rate based on the interest rates at which banks offer to lend "unsecured" funds to other banks in the Latvia wholesale money market (or interbank market). is published daily by the National Bank of Latvia together with RIGIBID (Riga Interbank B... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23193135 |
American Time Use Survey The (ATUS), sponsored by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and conducted by the United States Census Bureau (USCB), is a time-use survey which provides measures of the amounts of time people spend on various activities, including working, leisure, childcare, and household activities. The sur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23230785 |
American Time Use Survey In January 2011, the overnight trips questions were replaced by questions relating to eldercare. The ATUS sometimes includes special questions, called modules, at the end of the interview. The ATUS added an Eating & Health module from 2006–2008 and 2014–2016, a Well-Being Module in 2010, 2012, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23230785 |
Council for Economic Education The (the new name, since 2009 January, of the National Council on Economic Education) is an organization in the United States that focuses on the economic and financial education of students from kindergarten through high school. The mission of the is to instill in young people the fourth... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23231492 |
Council for Economic Education The conference features a selection of professional development workshops on economic and financial literacy geared for elementary, middle and high school levels. Topics include pedagogy and resources, curriculum strategy for schools/school districts, teaching strategies, assessment and r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23231492 |
Council for Economic Education Teams are judged on content knowledge, team work, and presentation skills, in order to earn the title of National Personal Finance Challenge Champions. The National Economics Challenge (NEC) is a high school economics competition. Each year, over 11,000 students across the U.S. participat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23231492 |
Council for Economic Education The Adam Smith division is designed for students who are enrolled in Advanced Placement, international baccalaureate and honors economics courses. The David Ricardo division is fashioned for students who have received a general economics education, typically of one semester or less. The t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23231492 |
Public Achievement is an "initiative" of the Center for Democracy and Citizenship at Augsburg University. It involves young people working in teams on a public work project of their choice. An adult coach, typically a teacher or university student trained in the process and concepts of Public Achievement, guides team m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23244585 |
Public Achievement Through communication with participants, the Center for Democracy and Citizenship identifies best practices and incorporates them into PA training and materials. The CDC produces training guides and instructional DVDs and maintains a web site with a variety of materials to support PA teams, coaches, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23244585 |
Public Achievement " The Center for Democracy and Citizenship has worked with partners to bring to 22 countries. In the United States, PA is well established in Minnesota, Colorado, Missouri and New Hampshire, where CDC staff have trained faculty in leadership and service learning programs who then train university stu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23244585 |
Public Achievement Later that year, CDC staff conducted training and provided technical consultation at a regional conference organized by MTO for more than 200 educators and young people using in the Balkans, Turkey, and Poland. In 2008, MTO led training for trainers in the Kharkov and Odessa regions of Ukraine, where... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23244585 |
Institute of Oil Transportation The (IOT) is a design and engineering company in Ukraine. It specialises in the transportation, handling, storage and distribution of crude oil and petroleum products in Ukraine and the Commonwealth of Independent States. List of oilfield service companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23252595 |
Geothermal power in El Salvador represents 25% of the country's total electricity production. El Salvador is one of the top ten geothermal energy producers in the world. Since 1975, the Ahuachapán geothermal field has been in continuous and successful commercial operation. Since 1992, the Berlin geothermal field is und... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23266844 |
Green paradox The Green Paradox is the title of a controversial book by German economist, Hans-Werner Sinn, describing the observation that an environmental policy that becomes greener with the passage of time acts like an announced expropriation for the owners of fossil fuel resources, inducing them to accelerate reso... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23309349 |
Green paradox In OECD countries and key emerging economies such support is high, at US$160-200 billion annually, according to an OECD report. This support is said to hamper global efforts to curb emissions and combat climate change. According to Sinn green policies, by heralding a gradual tightening of policy over the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23309349 |
Green paradox Even worse, if suppliers feel threatened by a gradual greening of economic policies in the Kyoto countries that would damage their future prices, they will extract their stocks more rapidly, thus accelerating global warming." Sinn emphasises that a condition for the green paradox is that the resource be s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23309349 |
Green paradox Hans-Werner Sinn's ideas on the green paradox have been presented in detail in a number of scientific articles, his 2007 Thünen Lecture at the annual meeting of the Verein für Socialpolitik, his 2007 presidential address to the International Institute of Public Finance in Warwick, two working papers, and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23309349 |
Beckstrom's law In economics, is a model or theorem formulated by Rod Beckstrom. It purports to answer "the decades-old question of 'how valuable is a network'", and states in summary that "The value of a network equals the net value added to each user’s transactions conducted through that network, summed over all user... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23328807 |
Beckstrom's law Beckstrom's Law differs from Metcalfe's law, Reed's law and other concepts that proposed that the value of a network was based purely on the size of the network, and in Metcalfe's law, one other variable. According to Rod Beckstrom, the most significant improvement when using Beckstrom's Law instead of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23328807 |
Beckstrom's law For example, a larger number of members of a golf club lead to more revenue of the golf club, but a larger number of members aids to overcrowding golf courses and delays which has a negative effect on the golfing experience. Beckstrom's Law provides a model that could identify the point at which the mar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23328807 |
Batokunku (also spelled "Batukunku") is a village located in Kombo South, one of the nine districts of The Gambia's Western Division. In January 2009, the village became notable as the location of the first wind turbine erected in West Africa. The 150 kilowatt turbine, a second-hand machine originally built by the Dani... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23356578 |
Central Gilts Office The or CGO, was a UK financial settlement organisation that operated between 1986 and 1999. It was established in 1986 by the Bank of England and the London Stock Exchange for the settlement of gilts and certain non-British government debt instruments. It was operated by the Bank of England. The sy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23382143 |
Energy in Chad The most important measure in the energy balance of Chad is the total consumption of 200.00 million kWh of electric energy per year. Per capita this is an average of 13 kWh. Chad can provide itself completely with self-produced energy. The total production of all electric energy producing facilities is 2... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23398912 |
Card scheme Card schemes are payment networks linked to payment cards, such as debit or credit cards, of which a bank or any other eligible financial institution can become a member. By becoming a member of the scheme, the member then gets the possibility to issue or acquire cards operating on the network of that card ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23433075 |
Card scheme There are no limitations as to who may join the scheme, as long as the requirements of the scheme are met. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23433075 |
Clayne L. Pope (born October 29, 1940) is the Zina Card Williams Young professor of economics at Brigham Young University (BYU) and specializes in 19th century economic history. Born in Emmett, Idaho, Pope has a bachelor's degree from Brigham Young University (BYU) and an MA and PhD from the University of Chicago. Pope... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23439799 |
Social Boston Sports (SBS) was created in January 2007 by four professionals, Justin Obey, Brian Shaw, John Sharry, and Frank Knippenberg. SBS is an organization that provides a way for young professionals to become involved in events, parties, and coed recreational sports and activities throughout Boston. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23448406 |
Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores na Agricultura (National Confederation of Agricultural Workers, CONTAG) is the largest federation of agricultural workers' labor unions in Brazil. It represents 20 million rural workers in 27 associations and around 4 thousand unions. The CONTAG was founded on December 22, 1963 i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23499350 |
Journal of Development Economics The is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier. It was established in 1974 and is considered the top field journal in development economics. Its editor-in-chief from 1985 to 2003 was Pranab Bardhan, who has been the longest-serving JDE editor to date. He followe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23504169 |
Food, Inc. (book) Food, Inc.: How Industrial Food Is Making Us Sicker, Fatter, and Poorer—And What You Can Do About It is a 2009 companion book to the documentary film of the same name about the industrialization of food production and about the negative results to human health and to the natural environment. Edited by... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23519805 |
Rapid phase transition or RPT is a phenomenon realized in liquefied natural gas (LNG) incidents in which LNG vaporizes violently upon coming in contact with water causing what is known as a "physical explosion" or "cold explosion". During such explosions there is no combustion but rather a huge amount of energy is tran... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23524398 |
Free: The Future of a Radical Price is the second book written by Chris Anderson, Editor in chief of "Wired" magazine. The book was published on July 7, 2009 by Hyperion. "Free" is Anderson's follow-up to his book "The Long Tail", published in 2006. "Free" follows a thread from the previous work. It examines the rise o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23524783 |
Free: The Future of a Radical Price It was also available as a free download for a limited time, and 200,000 to 300,000 digital versions were downloaded in the first two weeks. The unabridged audiobook remains free, while the abridged version costs $7.49. In a widely read review in "The New Yorker", Malcolm Gladwell ro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23524783 |
Knight v. Commissioner Knight v. Commissioner, 552 U.S. 181 (2008), was a United States Supreme Court case that addressed the tax deductibility of investment advisory fees paid by a trust. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23530737 |
Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (), is an economic prize administered by the Nobel Foundation and generally regarded as the Nobel award of Economics. The prize was established in 1968 by a donation from Sweden's central bank Sveriges R... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23535306 |
Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 7 million) for its administrative expenses associated with the prize as well as 1 million Swedish kronor (until the end of 2008) to include information about the prize on the Nobel Foundation's web site. The Prize in Economics is not one of the Nobel Prizes which were endowed b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23535306 |
Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences Each September the Academy's Economics Prize Committee, which consists of five elected members, "sends invitations to thousands of scientists, members of academies and university professors in numerous countries, asking them to nominate candidates for the Prize in Economics for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23535306 |
Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences The first prize in economics was awarded in 1969 to Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen "for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes". Two women have received the prize: Elinor Ostrom, who won in 2009, and Esther Duflo, who won in 2019. In... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23535306 |
Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences Nobel accuses the awarding institution of misusing his family's name, and states that no member of the Nobel family has ever had the intention of establishing a prize in economics. He explained that "Nobel despised people who cared more about profits than society's well-being",... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23535306 |
Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences But the influence of the economist that mainly matters is an influence over laymen: politicians, journalists, civil servants and the public generally." Critics cite the apparent snub of Joan Robinson as evidence of the committee's bias towards mainstream economics, though heter... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23535306 |
Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences The 2005 prize to Robert Aumann was criticized by European press for his alleged use of game theory to justify his stance against the dismantling of Israeli settlements in occupied territories. The award's official Swedish name is "Sveriges riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23535306 |
Global Classification is the process of classifying products for the purpose of complying with customs authorities, qualifying for free trade agreements and filing entries to customs during the importation or exportation of those products. A slight difference in classification can mean a huge difference in the duties t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23550992 |
Global Classification As a result, the centrally controlled classification database reduces errors, increases internal and external communication, strengthens compliance, and improves the timeliness of the information shared with external trading partners. Using an automated solution, companies can: More than just a pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23550992 |
Product classification or product taxonomy is a type of economic taxonomy which organizes products for a variety of purposes. However, not only products can be referred to in a standardized way but also sales practices in form of the “Incoterms” and industries can be classified into categories. Some standard product cl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23551006 |
Economic liberalism Economic liberalism, also known as liberal capitalism, is an economic system and philosophy that is organized on individual lines, meaning that the greatest possible number of economic decisions are made by individuals or households rather than by collective institutions or organizations. It include... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23573352 |
Economic liberalism Smith claimed that if everyone is left to his own economic devices instead of being controlled by the state, the result would be a harmonious and more equal society of ever-increasing prosperity. This underpinned the move towards a capitalist economic system in the late 18th century and the subseque... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23573352 |
Economic liberalism Ordoliberalism and various schools of social liberalism based on classical liberalism include a broader role for the state, but they do not seek to replace private enterprise and the free market with public enterprise and economic planning. For example, a social market economy is a largely free mark... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23573352 |
Area yield options contract An area yield options contract is a contract entitling the holder to receive a payment when the area yield is below the put or above the call option strike yield. The strike yield is the yield at which the holder of an option contract can exercise the option. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23589570 |
Terminal market A terminal market is a central site, often in a metropolitan area, that serves as an assembly and trading place for commodities. Terminal markets for agricultural commodities are usually at or near major transportation hubs. One of the models of Terminal Market is Hub-and-Spoke model wherein Terminal Ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23609710 |
Tariff-rate quota A tariff-rate quota (TRQ) is a two-tiered tariff regime that combines two conventional policy instruments (import quota and tariff) to regulate imports. In its essence, a TRQ regime allows a lower tariff rate on imports of a given product within a specified quantity and requires a higher tariff rate o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23609869 |
Tariff-rate quota The terms "tariff quota" and "tariff-rate quota" are used interchangeably in existing literature, but the former term is more legally accurate because it may include specific tariffs, and the latter term excludes them. "Tariff quota" is also the term officially used in Article XIII of the General Agre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23609869 |
Tariff-rate quota As a result of the Uruguay Round, all non-tariff barriers to agricultural products had to be removed or converted to tariffs (tariffication) to ensure that the sector is protected only by tariffs. In some cases, the calculated equivalent tariffs would be too high to allow for any real opportunity for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23609869 |
Tariff-rate quota The effect of a TRQ on trade is contingent on domestic demand for imports. The figure shows four possible demand conditions corresponding to demand curves numbered 1 to 4, which denote increasing levels of import demand. In the first case, demand is too low to generate imports at the world price, even... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23609869 |
Tariff-rate quota TRQ administration essentially concerns the distribution of the rights to import at the in-quota tariff rate. There are two GATT criteria for quota administration: quota fill and non-discrimination. The quota fill principle prevents imports at out-of-quota tariff rates until the quotas are filled, whi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23609869 |
Tariff-rate quota Such price difference is known as quota rent, and the distribution of in-quota import rights can determine not only the volume and distribution of trade but also the distribution of quota rents. Although the GATT only governs how quota administration influences the volume and distribution of trade, th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23609869 |
Tariff-rate quota The WTO's Tariff Profiles database provides free-access, comprehensive information on tariffs imposed by more than 170 countries and territories, including average tariff rates, tariffs by product groups, and tariffs applied in major export markets. Whereas, its Tariff Download Facility supplies compr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23609869 |
David Foot David K. Foot is a Canadian economist and demographer. Foot did his undergraduate work at the University of Western Australia and his graduate work in economics at Harvard University, where he was supervised by Martin Feldstein. Following his PhD, he joined the department of economics at the University of To... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23613308 |
Sample grade The term sample grade, in commodities exchange, refers to the lowest quality of a commodity, too low to be acceptable for delivery in satisfaction of futures contracts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23615220 |
Protein premium The wheat protein premium refers to the price differential (expressed as cents or dollars per bushel) that a high-protein wheat normally commands over wheat of the same grade specification with lower protein content. Typically, northern dark spring wheat has higher protein and brings a premium price ove... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23616435 |
Producer support estimate The producer support estimate (PSE) (formerly producer subsidy equivalent) is an indicator of the annual monetary value of gross transfers from consumers and taxpayers to agricultural producers, measured at the farm gate level, arising from policy measures that support agriculture, regardless ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23616616 |
Prices received index The prices received index is an index that measures changes in the prices received for crops and livestock. The National Agricultural Statistics Service currently publishes the index on a 1990-92 = 100 base. A ratio of the prices received index to the prices paid index on the 1990-92 base that is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23617046 |
Prices paid index The is an index that measures changes in the prices paid for goods and services used in crop and livestock production and family living. The production component of the index accounts for over 65% of the total, and family living expenses represented by the CPI-U account for less than 20% of the index.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23617071 |
Posted county price The (PCP) is calculated for the so-called loan commodities (except for rice and cotton) for each county by the Farm Service Agency. The PCP reflects changes in prices in major terminal grain markets (of which there are 18 in the country), corrected for the cost of transporting grain from the county ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23617430 |
Normal yield (agriculture) Normal yield is an agricultural term referring to the average historic yield established for a particular farm or area. It is also used to describe average yields. Normal production would be the normal crop acreage planted multiplied by the normal yield. These measures, once required by commo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23618866 |
Energy mix The energy mix is a group of different primary energy sources from which secondary energy for direct use - such as electricity - is produced. In 2007, the global primary energy use was oil equivalent, or . According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) 13,6% of world primary energy was used by the Europe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23624536 |
Modalities (trade negotiations) Modalities are the formulas, targets, or specific measures used to accomplish objectives in trade negotiations. An example of modalities in the current World Trade Organization agriculture negotiations would be a percentage phase-out over a specified time period of agricultural export su... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23647120 |
Revenue Ruling 74-77 is the 1974 income tax ruling by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) determining that a taxpayer may exclude from gross income "damages for alienation of affections" and for the "surrender of the custody of minor child". The ruling superseded Sol. Op. 132, I-1 C.B. 92 (1922), "since the position sta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23647725 |
Free Software, Free Society Free Software, Free Society: Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman is a collection of writings (mostly essays, with occasional articles, interviews and speech transcripts) by Richard Stallman. It introduces the subject of history and development of the GNU Project and the Free Software Foun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23649855 |
Laffer curve In economics, the illustrates a theoretical relationship between rates of taxation and the resulting levels of the government's tax revenue. The assumes that no tax revenue is raised at the extreme tax rates of 0% and 100%, and that there is a tax rate between 0% and 100% that maximizes government tax reve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23650449 |
Laffer curve A 2012 study found a consensus among leading economists that reducing the US federal income tax rate would raise GDP, but not by enough to offset the losses from a lower tax rate and therefore would not raise annual total tax revenue over the course of 5 years. The was popularized in the United States with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23650449 |
Laffer curve In the "National Affairs" article, Jude Wanniski recalled a 1974 dinner meeting at the Two Continents Restaurant in the Washington Hotel with Arthur Laffer, Wanniski, Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld, and his deputy press secretary Grace-Marie Arnett. In this meeting, Laffer, arguing against President Gerald F... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23650449 |
Laffer curve But the Democratic party, then rooted in the agricultural South, argued tariff reductions would increase revenues by increasing the number of taxable imports. In 1924, Secretary of Treasury Andrew Mellon wrote: "It seems difficult for some to understand that high rates of taxation do not necessarily mean l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23650449 |
Laffer curve When asked whether a "cut in federal income tax rates in the US right now would raise taxable income enough so that the annual total tax revenue would be higher within five years than without the tax cut", none of the economists surveyed agreed and 71% disagreed. One of the conceptual uses of the is to det... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23650449 |
Laffer curve Hsing looking at the United States economy between 1959 and 1991 placed the revenue-maximizing average federal tax rate between 32.67% and 35.21%. A 1981 article published in the "Journal of Political Economy" presented a model integrating empirical data that indicated that the point of maximum tax revenue... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23650449 |
Laffer curve In 2005, the United States Congressional Budget Office (CBO) released a paper called "Analyzing the Economic and Budgetary Effects of a 10 Percent Cut in Income Tax Rates." This paper considered the impact of a stylized reduction of 10% in the then existing marginal rate of federal income tax in the US (fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23650449 |
Laffer curve The paper points out that these projected shortfalls in revenue would have to be made up by federal borrowing: the paper estimates that the federal government would pay an extra US$200 billion in interest over the decade covered by the paper's analysis. In 2019, other researchers revisited the macroeconomi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23650449 |
Laffer curve Some have also cited Hauser's Law, which postulates that US federal revenues, as a percentage of GDP, have remained stable at approximately 19.5% over the period 1950 to 2007 despite changes in marginal tax rates over the same period. Others however, have called Hauser's Law "misleading" and contend that t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23650449 |
Laffer curve In their economics textbook "Principles of Economics" (7th edition), economists Karl E. Case of Wellesley College and Ray Fair of Yale University stated "The shows the relationship between tax rates and tax revenues. Supply-side economists use it to argue that it is possible to generate higher revenues by ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23650449 |
Laffer curve In "The Triumph of Politics", he writes: "[T]he whole California gang had taken [the Laffer curve] literally (and primitively). The way they talked, they seemed to expect that once the supply-side tax cut was in effect, additional revenue would start to fall, manna-like, from the heavens. Since January, I ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23650449 |
Laffer curve This led to the U.S. moving from the world's largest international creditor to the world's largest debtor nation. The Congressional Budget Office has estimated that extending the Bush tax cuts of 2001–2003 beyond their 2010 expiration would increase deficits by $1.8 trillion over the following decade. Econ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23650449 |
Laffer curve The "arithmetic effect" assumes that tax revenue raised is the tax rate multiplied by the revenue available for taxation (or tax base). Thus revenue R is equal to t×B where t is the tax rate and B is the taxable base ("R=t×B"). At a 0% tax rate, the model states that no tax revenue is raised. The "economic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23650449 |
Laffer curve This is done by differentiating "R" with respect to "t" and grouping terms to reveal that the rate of change of "R" with respect to "t" is equal to the sum of elasticity of the tax base plus one all multiplied by the tax base. Thus as elasticity surpasses one absolute value, revenues begin to fall. The pro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23650449 |
Laffer curve Complexities such as progressive taxes and possible differences in the incentive to work for different income groups complicate the task of estimation. The structure of the curve may also be changed by policy decisions. For example, if tax loopholes and tax shelters are made more readily available by legis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23650449 |
Laffer curve However, in some theoretical models, the can be discontinuous, leading to an inability to devise a revenue-maximizing tax rate solution. Additionally, the depends on the assumption that tax revenue is used to provide a public good that is separable in utility and separate from labor supply, which may not b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23650449 |
Laffer curve However, if avoidance abilities and productive abilities are unrelated, then this result disappears. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23650449 |
Milk manufacturing marketing adjustment In United States agricultural policy, the make allowance (or milk manufacturing marketing adjustment) is the margin between the government support price for milk and the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) purchase price for butter, nonfat dry milk, and cheese. This margin is admi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23653359 |
Intervention stocks refers to stocks held by national intervention agencies in the EU as a result of intervention buying of commodities subject to market price support. may be released onto internal markets if internal prices exceed intervention prices. Otherwise, they may be sold on the world market with the aid of ex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23657896 |
Intervention prices In agricultural policy, the intervention price is the price at which national intervention agencies in the EU are obliged to purchase any amount of a commodity offered to them regardless of the level of market prices (assuming that these commodities meet designated specifications and quality standar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23657927 |
EnergySmart Home Scale The (E-Scale) is a standard applied to homes in the USA that meet the Builders Challenge program requirements. The E-Scale visually shows the energy performance of the labeled home. Homes need to score a 70 or less on the E-Scale to qualify for the Builders Challenge. The E-Scale is based on the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23675159 |
EnergySmart Home Scale While the Building America program develops and field-tests the technologies needed to cost-effectively move to higher levels of efficiency, the Builders Challenge will promote the implementation of proven strategies that builders can implement in any climate region.” | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23675159 |
Discourse about the Provision of Money (Italian: "Discorso sopra la provisione del danaro") is a 1502 book by Italian political scientist and writer Niccolò Machiavelli. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23676151 |
Magazine cover indicator The is a somewhat irreverent economic indicator, though sometimes taken seriously by technical analysts, which says that the cover story on the major business magazines, particularly "BusinessWeek", "Forbes" and "Fortune" in the United States is often a contrary indicator. A famous example is a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23681514 |
Magazine cover indicator In January 2008, for example, "Business Week" ran a cover story entitled "Meltdown; For Housing the Worst Is Yet To Come" and in July 2008 a cover story called "The Home Price Abyss; Why the threat of a free fall is growing" and indeed, for the rest of 2008 and into 2009 home prices continued t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23681514 |
Smartfinance is an independent financial comparison website focused on helping consumers in emerging markets to make the most of their money. The website enables consumers to compare prices on a range of products, including mortgages, credit cards, bank accounts, savings products and loans as well as providing a range ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23685281 |
Smartfinance Each country serviced has a dedicated site to ensure that all local legislation, regulatory requirements and market conditions are catered for. has been criticized for not including all products on the market and therefore any price comparisons are not 100% comprehensive. However, chooses to only display p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23685281 |
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