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Jim Crow economy In 1984, the median wealth for black households was $3,000, compared to $39,000 for white households (Bobo & Smith 1998:188). By 1993, the median wealth for black households was $4,418, compared to $45,740 for white households (Darity Jr. & Nicholson 2005:79). The research that underlies public program... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27252985 |
Jim Crow economy Counting owners and tenants, there were 925,708 black farmers in 1920; in 2000, there were about 18,000 black farmers, which is roughly 11,000 less than the number of black farm owners in 1870 (Mitchell 2000:527-528). As the recent decision of "Pigford v. Glickman has shown, there are still race-based ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27252985 |
Jim Crow economy "Promiseland, a century of life in a Negro community", Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. Bobo, L.D. & Smith, R.A., (1998). From Jim Crow racism to laissez-faire racism. In W. F. Katkin, N. Landsman, & A. Tyree, eds. "Beyond pluralism: The conception of groups and group identities in Ame... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27252985 |
Jim Crow economy The evolution of black residential areas in late nineteenth-century cities. "Journal of Historical Geography", 1(2), 169–191. Hayden, D., (2003). "Building Suburbia: Green Fields and Urban Growth, 1820-2000", New York, NY: Vintage Books/Random House. Heckman, J.J. & Payner, B.S., (1989). Determining th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27252985 |
Jim Crow economy "Lumbee Indians in the Jim Crow South: Race, Identity, and the Making of a Nation", Chapel Hill, NC: UNC Press. Mitchell, T.W., (2000). From Reconstruction to Deconstruction: Undermining Black Landownership, Political Independence, and Community Through Partition Sales of Tenancies in Common. "Nw. UL R... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27252985 |
Jim Crow economy , (1997). The racial origins of zoning in American cities. In "Urban Planning and the African American Community". Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication, Inc., pp. 23–42. Thernstrom, S. & Thernstrom, A., (1999). "America in black and white: One nation, indivisible", New York, NY: Touchstone Books. Tolnay... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27252985 |
Intermarket sweep order Intermarket sweep orders (ISO) is a type of stock market order that sweep several different market centers and scoop up as many shares as possible from them all. These work against the order-protection rule under regulation NMS. For example, if a trader is trying to buy 1000 shares of X, and the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27333454 |
Homo reciprocans Homo reciprocans, or reciprocating human, is the concept in some economic theories of humans as cooperative actors who are motivated by improving their environment through positive reciprocity (rewarding other individuals) or negative reciprocity (punishing other individuals), even in situations withou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27343375 |
Homo reciprocans If the haggler wants a deal and the shopkeeper wants a sale, the haggler must carefully choose a price for the shopkeeper to consider. The shopkeeper will consider a lower price (or a price in between) based on the benefit of selling a product. If the haggler's offer is a low-ball, which may be offensi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27343375 |
Homo reciprocans Positive reciprocity correlates with low unemployment, and negative reciprocity strongly correlates with unemployment. High levels of positive reciprocity correlate with higher income, but no correlation appears to exist between negative reciprocity and income. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27343375 |
Measurement and Verification (M&V) is the term given to the process for quantifying savings delivered by an Energy Conservation Measure (ECM), as well as the sub-sector of the energy industry involved with this practice. demonstrates how much energy the ECM has avoided using, rather than the total "cost" saved. The lat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27415887 |
A History of Banking in all the Leading Nations A History of Banking in all the Leading Nations, first published in 1896 by "The Journal of Commerce", is a four-volume history of banking in North America, Europe, China and Japan. At the time of publication it was described as "the largest and most expensive treatise on... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27435623 |
A History of Banking in all the Leading Nations The fourth volume contains chapters on banking in Germany and Austria-Hungary by Max Wirth, in The Netherlands by Richard van der Borght, in the Scandinavian nations (Denmark, Sweden, and Norway) by the Danish economist and statistician Adolph Jensen, on Japan by Juichi S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27435623 |
Brick tax The brick tax was a property tax introduced in Great Britain in 1784, during the reign of King George III, to help pay for the wars in the American Colonies. Bricks were initially taxed at 2s 6d per thousand. To mitigate the effects of the tax, manufacturers began to increase the size of their bricks. Many bu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27484751 |
Glass tax The glass tax was introduced in Great Britain in 1746, during the reign of King George II. Glass was at that time sold by weight, and manufacturers responded by producing smaller, more highly decorated objects, often with hollow stems, known today as "Excise glasses". In 1780, the government granted Ireland f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27492420 |
List of countries by Official Development Assistance received This is a list of countries based on the official development assistance (ODA) they have received for the given year. Although development aid rose in 2013 to the highest level ever recorded, a trend of a falling share of aid going to the neediest sub-Sahara... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27495825 |
Rule of three (economics) The rule of three in business and economics is a rule of thumb suggesting that there are always three major competitors in any free market within any one industry. This was put forward by Bruce Henderson of the Boston Consulting Group in 1976, and has been tested by Jagdish Sheth and Rajendra ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27532241 |
Rule of three (economics) Sheth and Sisodia use the analogy of a shopping mall, in which they propose that there will be three major full-line generalist stores, along with various smaller, product and market specialist shops. Sheth and Sisodia also make a number of observations with regard to how companies behave in s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27532241 |
Interest rate guarantee An interest rate guarantee (IRG) is an option on a forward rate agreement (FRA) that is handled over-the-counter (OTC). A call IRG is called a borrower's IRG. A put IRG is called a lender's IRG. When exercising a borrower's IRG, the holder has the option (but is not obliged) to take a loan with ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27598178 |
Wallpaper tax The wallpaper tax was a property tax introduced in Great Britain in 1712, during the reign of Queen Anne. Patterned, printed, or painted wallpaper was initially taxed at 1d per square yard, rising to 1s (equivalent to £ as of ), by 1809. The tax was bypassed by purchasing untaxed plain paper and having it... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27602687 |
Beard tax A beard tax is one of several taxes introduced throughout history on men who wear beards. In 1535, King Henry VIII of England, who wore a beard himself, introduced a tax on beards. The tax was a graduated tax, varying with the wearer's social position. His daughter, Elizabeth I of England, reintroduced the be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27605484 |
Beard tax This was a copper or silver token with a Russian Eagle on the reverse and on the obverse the lower part of a face with nose, mouth, whiskers, and beard. Several different versions were minted between the issuance of the decree and its lifting in 1772. The common round version was inscribed with the words "mon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27605484 |
Corporatism is a political ideology which advocates the organization of society by corporate groups, such as agricultural, labour, military, scientific, or guild associations on the basis of their common interests. The term is derived from the Latin "corpus", or "human body". The hypothesis that society will reach a pe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27619138 |
Corporatism Islamic societies often feature strong clans which form the basis for a community-based corporatist society. Family businesses are common worldwide in capitalist societies. In the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church sponsored the creation of various institutions including brotherhoods, monasteries, religious o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27619138 |
Corporatism Corporatism's popularity increased in the late 19th century and a corporatist internationale was formed in 1890, followed by the publishing of "Rerum novarum" by the Catholic Church that for the first time declared the Church's blessing to trade unions and recommended for organized labour to be recognized b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27619138 |
Corporatism In "Politics", Aristotle also described society as being divided along natural classes and functional purposes that were priests, rulers, slaves and warriors. Ancient Rome adopted Greek concepts of corporatism into their own version of corporatism but also added the concept of political representation on th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27619138 |
Corporatism These corporatists supported providing group rights to members of the middle classes and working classes in order to secure cooperation among the classes. This was in opposition to the Marxist conception of class conflict. By the 1870s and 1880s, corporatism experienced a revival in Europe with the creation... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27619138 |
Corporatism Solidarism was based upon Durkheim's view that the dynamic of human society as a collective is distinct from that of an individual, in that society is what places upon individuals their cultural and social attributes. Durkheim posited that solidarism would alter the division of labour by evolving it from me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27619138 |
Corporatism Unlike some other types of corporatism, liberal corporatism does not reject capitalism or individualism, but believes that the capitalist companies are social institutions that should require their managers to do more than maximize net income by recognizing the needs of their employees. This liberal corpora... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27619138 |
Corporatism However, authors have noted that historically "de facto" economic corporatism was also used to reduce opposition and reward political loyalty. In Italy from 1922 until 1943, corporatism became influential amongst Italian nationalists led by Benito Mussolini. The Charter of Carnaro gained much popularity as ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27619138 |
Corporatism This prospect of Italian fascist corporatism claimed to be the direct heir of Georges Sorel's revolutionary syndicalism, such that each interest was to form as its own entity with separate organizing parameters according to their own standards, but only within the corporative model of Italian fascism each w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27619138 |
Corporatism Fascists in non-Catholic countries also supported Italian Fascist corporatism, including Oswald Mosley of the British Union of Fascists, who commended corporatism and said that "it means a nation organized as the human body, with each organ performing its individual function but working in harmony with the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27619138 |
Corporatism During the post-World War II reconstruction period in Europe, corporatism was favoured by Christian democrats (often under the influence of Catholic social teaching), national conservatives and social democrats in opposition to liberal capitalism. This type of corporatism became unfashionable but revived ag... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27619138 |
Corporatism Chinese corporatism, as described by Jonathan Unger and Anita Chan in their essay "China, Corporatism, and the East Asian Model", is the following: [A]t the national level the state recognizes one and only one organization (say, a national labour union, a business association, a farmers' association) as the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27619138 |
Corporatism On October 9, 2007, an article signed by Viktor Cherkesov, head of the Russian Drug Enforcement Administration, was published in "Kommersant", where he used the term "corporativist state" in a positive way to describe the evolution of Russia. He claimed that the administration officials detained on criminal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27619138 |
Corporatism The takeover of Russian state and economic assets has been allegedly accomplished by a clique of Putin's close associates and friends who gradually became a leading group of Russian oligarchs and who "seized control over the financial, media and administrative resources of the Russian state" and restricted ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27619138 |
Corporatism The businessmen, the politicians, and the bureaucrats are the same people". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27619138 |
Unplanned economies An unplanned economy is an economy where economic decisions regarding production, investment and resource allocation are not linked together through conscious economic planning. This may refer to subsistence-level economies, systems of barter or to more complex arrangements such as market economies,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27638077 |
The Emperors of Chocolate The Emperors of Chocolate: Inside the Secret World of Hershey and Mars is a book by Joël Glenn Brenner published on December 22, 1998 by Random House, Inc.. The book chronicles the stories of the history of Mars, Incorporated and The Hershey Company. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27639785 |
Job demands-resources model The job demands-resources model or JD-R model is an occupational stress model that suggests strain is a response to imbalance between demands on the individual and the resources he or she has to deal with those demands. The JD-R was introduced as an alternative to other models of employee we... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27655523 |
Job demands-resources model In contrast, work engagement is most likely when job resources are high (also in the face of high job demands). This implies that the JD-R model can be used as a tool for human resource management. The most recent article written by the authors of the original JD-R paper proposes that the in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27655523 |
Cigar Box method The Cigar Box Method is a toolkit which consists of a series of spreadsheets to help entrepreneurs, notably those in agribusiness in emerging markets, to calculate the costs of goods, margins, contribution, break-even quantity and profitability. It can be used for a single product or a complete portfol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27658765 |
Cigar Box method It has since developed into a fully fledged business analysis tool with multiple purposes and used by various targets groups: as analytical tool for foreign investors and bankers, as business planning tool for fruit and vegetable processing factories and business development service providers. An adapt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27658765 |
Cigar Box method Only one spreadsheet is needed per product. The Cigar Box Method purposely does not make use of specific software, to enable its easy spread worldwide. The Cigar Box Method is free for anyone who is interested in it and is currently available in English, French, Russian and Spanish. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27658765 |
Alternative financial service An alternative financial service (AFS) is a financial service provided outside traditional banking institutions, on which many low-income individuals depend. In developing countries, these services often take the form of microfinance . In developed countries, the services may be similar to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27661621 |
Alternative financial service In the United Kingdom, alternative financial services include [[Payday loans in the United Kingdom|payday loans]] and money lending, the latter termed "home collected credit" or "home credit". Organizations such as Debt on our Doorstep campaign for improved regulation. [[Category:Financial... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27661621 |
CASA ratio stands for current and savings account ratio. of a bank is the ratio of deposits in current and saving accounts to total deposits. A higher indicates a lower cost of funds, because banks do not usually give any interests on current account deposits and the interest on saving accounts is usually very low 3-4%... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27667643 |
Calvó-Armengol International Prize The is awarded every two years by the Barcelona Graduate School of Economics in cooperation with the to "a top researcher in economics or the social sciences younger than 40 years old for his or her contribution to the theory and comprehension of the mechanisms of social interaction."... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27670080 |
O'Henry Sound Studios was a commercial studio complex in Burbank, California, that was owned by engineer Hank Sanicola and his wife, Jacqueline Sanicola. Hank's father, Hank Sanicola, Sr. (1914–1974), was a long time manager (until 1962) for Frank Sinatra. The facility opened in 1993, designed with the help of architec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27677530 |
Bruce Caldwell (economist) Bruce J. Caldwell is an American historian of economics, Research Professor of Economics at Duke University, and Director of the Center for the History of Political Economy. Prior to holding this position, Caldwell was the Joe Rosenthal Excellence Professor of Economics at the University of N... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27680536 |
Bruce Caldwell (economist) He is a past president of the History of Economics Society, a past Executive Director of the International Network for Economic Method, and a Life Member of Clare Hall, Cambridge. Caldwell's book "Hayek's Challenge: An Intellectual Biography of F.A. Hayek," was published by the University of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27680536 |
Economics terminology that differs from common usage In any technical subject, words commonly used in everyday life acquire very specific technical meanings, and confusion can arise when someone is uncertain of the intended meaning of a word. This article explains the differences in meaning between some technical terms... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27692923 |
Economics terminology that differs from common usage People not in the labor force, even if they have given up looking for a job despite wanting one, are not considered unemployed. For this reason it is often thought, especially when a recession has persisted for a sustained period, that the unemployment rate understat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27692923 |
Economics terminology that differs from common usage When someone says "She has a lot of money," the intended meaning is almost certainly that she has a lot of what economists would call financial wealth, which includes not only the most liquid assets (which tend to pay low or zero returns), but also stocks, bonds and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27692923 |
Economics terminology that differs from common usage This is one of the major types of expenditure in an economy, the others being consumption expenditure, government expenditure, and expenditure on a country's export goods by people outside the country. The everyday usage of "investment" coincides with the one used by... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27692923 |
Economics terminology that differs from common usage Welfare economics is a branch of economics that uses microeconomic techniques to evaluate economic well-being, especially relative to competitive general equilibrium, with a focus on economic efficiency and income distribution. In general usage, including by economis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27692923 |
Economics terminology that differs from common usage The economics term profit relies on the economic meaning of the term for "cost". While in common usage, profit refers to earnings minus accounting cost, economists mean earnings minus economic cost or opportunity cost. In economics, demand refers to the strength of o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27692923 |
Economics terminology that differs from common usage In contrast, if a change in market conditions leads to a decline in the price of a good resulting in a producer willing to sell less of it, economists say that the consumer's quantity supplied of the good has fallen. A change in "quantity supplied" is represented by ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27692923 |
Economics terminology that differs from common usage In econometrics — the use of statistical techniques in economics — "significant" means "unlikely to have occurred by chance". For example, suppose one wishes to find if the minimum wage rate affects firms' decisions on how much labor to hire. If the data show, on the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27692923 |
Economics terminology that differs from common usage In econometrics, the estimate of the effect of one thing on another (say, the estimate of the effect of the minimum wage upon employment decisions) is said to be "biased" if the technique that was used to obtain the estimate has the effect that, "a priori", the expec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27692923 |
Economics terminology that differs from common usage The change in the denominator always causes the change in the numerator, so the elasticity can be said to be the ratio of a percentage change that is caused to the percentage change of something that is causative. In general usage, one is said to be rational if one i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27692923 |
Economics terminology that differs from common usage In economics, rent is any payment to an owner or factor of production in excess of the costs needed to bring that factor into production. Effectively, it is payment made to a producer above and beyond what would have been necessary to incentivize them to produce. It ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27692923 |
Executive MBA Council The is an educational accreditation council formed in 1981 to accredit schools of business offering EMBA degrees worldwide. The council was formed with the assistance of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB International). The council's stated mission is to promote the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27753528 |
E-Mentor Corps is a project of the US State Department that will allow entrepreneurs seeking advice to access mentors on-line. The will call on business leaders and proven entrepreneurs in the United States and overseas to serve as E-Mentors to aspiring and emerging entrepreneurs around the world. is sponsored by leadi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27799244 |
Whaling in Argentina was a major industry in both the South Pacific and South Atlantic coasts, and around the Falkland Islands. The primary whalers were Norwegian and Scottish ships, and the primary quarry the southern right whale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27826584 |
Muskoka Initiative The on Maternal, Newborn and Child Health is a funding initiative announced at the 36th G8 summit which commits member nations to collectively spend an additional $5 billion between 2010 and 2015 to accelerate progress toward the achievement of Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5, the reduction of m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27859374 |
Replicating strategy In Finance a Replicating Strategy of a particular financial instrument is a set of liquid, usually exchange-traded assets with the same net profit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27874689 |
T-shaped skills The concept of T-shaped skills, or T-shaped persons is a metaphor used in job recruitment to describe the abilities of persons in the workforce. The vertical bar on the letter "T" represents the depth of related skills and expertise in a single field, whereas the horizontal bar is the ability to collabo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27886170 |
T-shaped skills Other shapes have also been proposed: Γ- and Μ-shaped individuals (gamma and mu, respectively) have been described by Brittany Fiore in her ethnographic work of data science research communities to indicate people with supporting strengths in computationally- and software-intensive fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27886170 |
Tracking signal In statistics and management science, a tracking signal monitors any forecasts that have been made in comparison with actuals, and warns when there are unexpected departures of the outcomes from the forecasts. Forecasts can relate to sales, inventory, or anything pertaining to an organization’s future d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27890209 |
Tracking signal For example, with a "β" of 0.1, a value of "T" greater than .51 indicates nonrandom errors. The tracking signal also can be used directly as a variable smoothing constant. There have also been proposed methods for adjusting the smoothing constants used in forecasting methods based on some measure of pri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27890209 |
Weighted sum model In decision theory, the weighted sum model (WSM) is the best known and simplest multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) / multi-criteria decision making method for evaluating a number of alternatives in terms of a number of decision criteria. It is very important to state here that it is applicable o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27914444 |
Weighted sum model 15 and so on. Similarly, the value of the first alternative (i.e., "A") in terms of the first criterion is equal to 25, the value of the same alternative in terms of the second criterion is equal to 20 and so on. When the previous formula is applied on these numerical data the WSM scores for the thre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27914444 |
Marginal factor cost In microeconomics, the marginal factor cost (MFC) is the increment to total costs paid for a factor of production resulting from a one-unit increase in the amount of the factor employed. It is expressed in currency units per incremental unit of a factor of production (input), such as labor, per uni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27940157 |
Hansen–Jagannathan bound is a theorem in financial economics that says that the ratio of the standard deviation of a stochastic discount factor to its mean exceeds the Sharpe ratio attained by any portfolio. This result applies, among others, the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27948986 |
Calculation in kind or calculation in-natura is a way of valuating resources and a system of accounting that uses disaggregated physical magnitudes as opposed to a common unit of calculation. As the basis for a socialist economy it was proposed to replace money and financial calculation. would value each commodity base... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27950881 |
Calculation in kind Proponents of in-kind calculation argue that the use of a common medium like money distorts information about the utility of an object. Socialists in favor of calculation in kind argued that, in a system of in-kind calculation, waste associated with the monetary system would be eliminated, and in pa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27950881 |
Income in kind Income in kind, or in-kind income, is income other than money income. It includes many employee benefits and government-provided goods and services, such as toll-free roads, food stamps, public schooling, or socialized medicine. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27960970 |
Weighted product model The weighted product model (WPM) is a popular multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) / multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method. It is similar to the weighted sum model (WSM). The main difference is that instead of addition in the main mathematical operation now there is multiplication. As w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27961272 |
Weighted product model Then, if one wishes to compare the two alternatives "A" and "A" (where "m" ≥ "K", "L" ≥ 1) then, the following product has to be calculated: If the ratio "P"("A"/"A") is greater than or equal to the value 1, then it indicates that alternative "A" is more desirable than alternative "A" (in the max... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27961272 |
Weighted product model 20, the relative weight for the second criterion is 0.15 and so on. Similarly, the value of the first alternative (i.e., "A") in terms of the first criterion is equal to 25, the value of the same alternative in terms of the second criterion is equal to 20 and so on. However, now the restriction t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27961272 |
Cent accounts are trading accounts within retail foreign exchange trading with balance measured in cents instead of the US dollars. Trading accounts dealing in cents are handled the same way as any US dollar account with the only difference being the nominal amounts. In 2006, the LiteForex company was the first in the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=27975918 |
Journal of World-Systems Research The (JWSR) is a biannual, open access, peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of world-systems analysis, established in 1995 by founding editor Christopher Chase-Dunn at the Institute for World-System Research at the University of California at Riverside. As of 2015, it is publish... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28004507 |
CIVETS The are six favored emerging market countries – Colombia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey, and South Africa. These countries are favored for several reasons, such as "a diverse and dynamic economy" and "a young, growing population". This list is comparable to the Next Eleven, devised by Jim O'Neill of Goldman ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28023314 |
CIVETS They are already perceived as "development providers investing in peer-to-peer learning and horizontal partnerships and (...) are bound to become strategic players at the G20, UN and IFI levels". In view of this, during the 2011 annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the economy a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28023314 |
CIVETS , Colombia has a budget deficit of 3.6%. The inflation rate is 2.6% and external debt a modest 47% of gross domestic product. Foreign investment is leading to noticeable improvements in infrastructure. Today, Colombia's diversified economy is the third largest in Latin America, with macroeconomic stability and f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28023314 |
CIVETS Vietnam's rapid growth from the extreme poverty of 1986 has given rise to western consumerist habits, especially among the new rich of Vietnam, opening the gap of social inequality and bringing inflation up to 12%, after it had recovered to 4%. However, Communist Party leaders are optimistic about maintaining th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28023314 |
CIVETS According to a survey by Forbes magazine, Istanbul, Turkey's financial capital, had a total of 28 billionaires as of March 2010 (down from 34 in 2008), ranking 4th in the world behind New York City (60 billionaires), Moscow (50 billionaires), and London (32 billionaires). In 2012, Istanbul ranked 5th in the worl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28023314 |
Domar serfdom model The Domar Serfdom Model is a mid-to-late 20th century model that develops a hypothesis concerning the causes of agricultural slavery or serfdom in historical societies. Evsey Domar first presented this model in his 1970 paper, “ The Causes of Slavery or Serfdom: A Hypothesis” published in the Econom... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28028997 |
Domar serfdom model The Domar Serfdom Model has been met with criticism since its publishing in "The Journal of Economic History" in 1970. In 2009, Professor Jean Jacques Rosa authored a paper titled, “The Causes of Serfdom: A Hypothesis Revisited” in which Rosa argues that serfdom and slavery are mutually exclusive ev... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28028997 |
Domar serfdom model ” Cunning's paper is viewed more so as an expansion upon Domar's model rather than a direct challenge to his hypothesis. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28028997 |
Modem tax The modem tax is a hoax dating back to the days of bulletin board systems stating the Federal Communications Commission or the United States Congress intends to impose a tax on modem use. The FCC has described it as an urban myth. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28067283 |
Methodology of econometrics The methodology of econometrics is the study of the range of differing approaches to undertaking econometric analysis. Commonly distinguished differing approaches that have been identified and studied include: In addition to these more clearly defined approaches, Hoover identifies a range of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28095621 |
Methodology of econometrics One of the fundamental statistical methods used by econometricians is regression analysis. Regression methods are important in econometrics because economists typically cannot use controlled experiments. Econometricians often seek illuminating natural experiments in the absence of evidence f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28095621 |
Methodology of econometrics For example, the Survey of Professional Forecasters contains forecasts for many forecasters (cross-sectional observations), at many points in time (time series observations), and at multiple forecast horizons (a third dimension). In many econometric contexts, the commonly used ordinary least... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28095621 |
Methodology of econometrics Structural econometric analyses begin with an economic model that captures the salient features of the agents under investigation. The researcher then searches for parameters of the model that match the outputs of the model to the data. One example is dynamic discrete choice, where there are... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28095621 |
Methodology of econometrics The optimal bid formula_2 solves a first order condition: which can be re-arranged to yield the following equation for formula_4 Notice that the probability that a bid wins an auction can be estimated from a data set of completed auctions, where all bids are observed. This can be done using ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28095621 |
Biblical money management Biblical money managagement is the use of Biblical scripture to provide advice, guidance and principles for money management. Jesus spoke more about money and material possessions than he did about other topics such as prayer and so there are many parables about them in the New Testament such ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28182519 |
Efficient frontier In modern portfolio theory, the efficient frontier (or portfolio frontier) is an investment portfolio which occupies the 'efficient' parts of the risk-return spectrum. Formally, it is the set of portfolios which satisfy the condition that no other portfolio exists with a higher expected return but wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28197279 |
Efficient frontier All portfolios between the risk-free asset and the tangency portfolio are portfolios composed of risk-free assets and the tangency portfolio, while all portfolios on the linear frontier above and to the right of the tangency portfolio are generated by borrowing at the risk-free rate and investing the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=28197279 |
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