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Putty-putty In economics, putty-putty describes an attribute of capital in financial models. capital can be transformed from flexible capital into durable goods then back again. This contrasts with putty-clay capital which can be converted from flexible capital into durable goods but which cannot then be converted back...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11322707
Cultural economics is the branch of economics that studies the relation of culture to economic outcomes. Here, 'culture' is defined by shared beliefs and preferences of respective groups. Programmatic issues include whether and how much culture matters as to economic outcomes and what its relation is to institutions. A...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11359053
Cultural economics Acquired tastes can be thought of as an example of this, as they demonstrate how preferences can be shaped socially. A key thought area that separates the development of cultural economics from traditional economics is a difference in how individuals arrive at their decisions. While a traditional eco...
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Cultural economics The book explores the intersections of multiple disciplines such as cultural development, organizational behavior, and memetics all in an attempt to explore the roots of cultural economics. The advancing pace of new technology is transforming how the public consumes and shares culture. The cultural e...
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Cultural economics Sapienza added cultural critique to her analysis of the research, revealing that it is Southern European culture to stay at home longer and then related this to how those who live at home longer have fewer children and start families later, thus contributing to Europe's falling birthrates. Sapienza's...
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Cultural economics He has created a set of criteria in regards to for which policy prescriptions can be compared to in order to ensure growth for future generations. The criteria are as follows: With these guidelines, Throsby hopes to spur the recognition between culture and economics, which is something he believes ha...
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Cultural economics The role of culture in financial behavior is also increasingly being demonstrated to have highly significant effects on the management and valuation of assets. Using the dimensions of culture identified by Shalom Schwartz, it has been proved that corporate dividend payments are determined largely by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11359053
Cultural economics Behavioral economist Michael Taillard demonstrated that investment behaviors are caused primarily by behavioral factors, largely attributed to the influence of culture on the psychological frame of the investors in different nations, rather than rational ones by comparing the cultural dimensions used...
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Cultural economics The UN World Investment Report (2013) shows that regional integration is occurring at a more rapid rate than distant foreign relations, confirming an earlier study concluding that nations closer to each other tend to be more integrated. Since increased cultural distance reduces the amount of foreign ...
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Cultural economics Geographical characteristics were linked recently to the emergence of cultural traits and differences in the intensity of these cultural traits across regions, countries and ethnic group. Geographical characteristics that were favorable for the usage of the plow in agriculture contributed to a gender...
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Proprietism is an economic system composed of a vast network of sole-proprietorships. The rise of an independent workforce was documented by Daniel H. Pink in his 2001 book "Free Agent Nation: The Future of Working for Yourself". Depending on the precise definition of an independent worker, reports on the topic estimat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11391930
Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community The Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community, commonly referred to as NACE (for the French term ""nomenclature statistique des activités économiques dans la Communauté européenne""), is the industry standard c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11401274
Muthoot Technopolis is an Information Technology park at Kochi, India. It has a built up space of which has been fully occupied by Cognizant, Williams Lea and Sutherland Global Services. It is the Plot #1 in CSEZ. Muthoot Pappachan Group is planning on expansion in Kochi with phase II of the project and further develop...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11410917
Geoffrey Sayre-McCord (né McCord, born December 10, 1956) is a philosopher who works in moral theory, meta-ethics, the history of ethics, and epistemology. He teaches at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. He is also the director of the Philosophy, Politics and Economics Society. Sayre-McCord received his BA...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11457292
Turnpike theory refers to a set of economic theories about the optimal path of accumulation (often capital accumulation) in a system, depending on the initial and final levels. In the context of a macroeconomic exogenous growth model, for example, it says that if an infinite optimal path is calculated, and an economic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11480549
Turnpike theory In a system with many infinitely lived agents with the same (small) discount rates on the future, regardless of initial endowments, the equilibrium allocations of all agents converge.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11480549
Employer Registration is the process by which a person or legal entity registers their intent to employ someone. Employers can fall into one of two categories, people or groups who run a business and people who employ household workers. People or legal entities who employ workers can include: People who employ househol...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11519693
ACCRA Cost of Living Index The Cost of Living Index (COLI), formerly the "ACCRA Cost of Living Index" is a measure of living cost differences among urban areas in the United States compiled by the Council for Community and Economic Research. First published in 1968, the index compares the price of goods and services am...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11540757
David Schreck David D. Schreck is a one-time Member of the Legislative Assembly in the province of British Columbia in Canada and a political pundit. Schreck represented the riding of North Vancouver-Lonsdale from 1991 to 1996 for the New Democratic Party of British Columbia. He served as parliamentary secretary to the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11540876
Capitalist Nigger Capitalist Nigger: The Road to Success, a Spider-Web Doctrine is the title of a controversial book by "African Sun Times" publisher/editor-in-chief, Dr. Chika Onyeani. He has also written a novel entitled "The Broederbond Conspiracy", fondly called the "Black James Bond". The author is sad that Black ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11546435
Capitalist Nigger I am tired of listening to the same complaint, day in day out - racism this, racism that. It's getting us nowhere." "Africans have a stance, 'live for today, let tomorrow take care of itself and be damned' attitude," the author says. "We've become a sheep-like consumer race that depends on other commu...
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Capitalist Nigger Onyeani ignores the wealth divide in China and India, nations he deems successful because of their accomplishments in the manufacture of goods. In an article in the South African weekly Mail & Guardian, he commented that the success of Indian society can be shown because "In India, the larger part of ...
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Capitalist Nigger " Pan-Africanist director Owen 'Alik Shahadah praises the core thesis of the book by stating in his article on African agency that the inferiority complex is an overlooked phenomenon, which washes all aspects of African life. He continues by stating that "Capitalist Nigger" is a daring expose of a dee...
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Capitalist Nigger "The Broederbond Conspiracy" is a fiction book also written by Dr. Onyeani. The book is about a fictional Nigerian Secret Service agent named Chima Amadi. In the book, he fights against a conspiracy organized by the Apartheid-era white supremacist organization the Broederbond.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11546435
Zeebrugge Hub The is the natural gas physical trading point in Zeebrugge, Belgium. It is connected to the National Balancing Point (UK) via the Interconnector.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11559198
Enterprise service layer In a service-oriented architecture business software implementation, the enterprise service layer is the highest level of abstraction. Any application programming interface defined at the enterprise service layer can cross domain boundaries; it calls directly the domain device layer, which in t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11574888
Financial services in South Korea refers to the services provided in ROK by the finance industry: banks, investment banks, insurance companies, credit card companies, consumer finance companies, government sponsored enterprises, and stock brokerages. Foreign banks (Citibank, HSBC, Deutsche Bank, etc.) which have a pres...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11584684
Units of transportation measurement The units of transportation measurement describes the unit of measurement used to measure the quantity and traffic of transportation used in transportation statistics, planning, and their related fields. The currently popular units are: Passenger-distance is the distance (km or miles...
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Units of transportation measurement A semi truck traveling from Los Angeles to Chicago (approximate distance 2,015 miles) carrying 14 short tons of cargo delivers a service of 14 * 2,015 = 28,210 ton-miles of freight (equal to about 41,187 tkm). Intermodal container traffic is commonly measured in twenty-foot equivalen...
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Units of transportation measurement In the United States, it is computed per 100 million miles traveled, while internationally it is computed in 100 million or 1 billion kilometers traveled. According to the Minnesota Department of Public Safety, Office of Traffic Safety Energy efficiency in transport can be measured i...
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John Donaldson (economist) John B. Donaldson (born 1948) is an American economist and presently the Mario J. Gabelli Professor of Finance at Columbia Business School. His interests are in business and finance options, its asset pricing, business cycles and especially real economic impact on equilibrium prices. He has p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11649731
Favourite-longshot bias In gambling and economics, the favourite-longshot bias is an observed phenomenon where on average, bettors tend to overvalue "long shots" and undervalue favourites. That is, in a horse race where one horse is given odds of 2-to-1, and another 100-to-1, the true odds might for example be 1.5-to-1...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11663202
Social finance is an approach to managing money which delivers a social dividend and an economic return. is often used to describe the lending and investment into companies who consider themselves social enterprises, charities, co-operatives, and other impact-focused organisations. The term can include community invest...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11672113
Heiligendamm Process The Heiligendamm process is an initiative that will institutionalize high-level dialogue between the G8 and the five most important emerging economies, known as the O5 (Outreach 5): China, Mexico, India, Brazil and South Africa. The framework will also seek establishment of a common G8/G5 platform ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11686847
Games and Economic Behavior (GEB) is a journal of game theory published by Elsevier. Founded in 1989, the journal's stated objective is to communicate game-theoretic ideas across theory and applications. It is considered to be the leading journal of game theory and one of the top journals in economics, and it is one of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11703731
Margin (economics) In economics, a margin is a set of constraints conceptualised as a "border". A "marginal change" is the change associated with a relaxation or tightening of constraints — either change "of" the constraints, or a change "in response to" this change of the constraints.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11724160
Cost of poor quality (COPQ) or poor quality costs (PQC), are costs that would disappear if systems, processes, and products were perfect. COPQ was popularized by IBM quality expert H. James Harrington in his 1987 book "Poor Quality Costs". COPQ is a refinement of the concept of quality costs. In the 1960s, IBM undertoo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11730635
Cost of poor quality He defined the following costs by functional area: The damages of poor quality augment as the inception point is further down the supply chain: TCFP [Total Cost of Faulty Part] = Direct Cost (manufacturing cost) + Labor Cost (assembly and testing) + Overhead Cost (Inventory, handling, shipping cost...
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Oxford Review of Economic Policy is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of economics. Each issue concentrates on a current theme in economic policy, with a balance between macro- and microeconomics, and comprises an assessment and a number of articles.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11732005
The Sushi Economy by Sasha Issenberg is a nonfiction book about sushi and globalization. "The Sushi Economy" uses the booming business, culture, and cuisine of raw fish to examine how the integration of local economies through trade works in practice. The book takes the form of a global travelogue ranging from Atlantic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11738691
Money purchase A Money Purchase arrangement is a type of pension arrangement in the United Kingdom. It can either be sponsored by an employer (such as a Small Self Administered Scheme, an SSAS) or an individual arrangement (such as a Self-invested personal pension, SIPP, or Personal pension, sometimes with an insurance...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11744460
Smooth pasting (also called high-contact condition) is a kind of boundary condition used to model the American option. It tells that the American option value is maximized by an exercise strategy that makes the option value and option delta continuous.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11799178
Glasgow Stock Exchange The is a prominent building and financial institution in the centre of the city of Glasgow, Scotland. The exchange was founded in 1844. In 1973, it merged with the London Stock Exchange, becoming the hub of its Scottish operations. The current building was erected between 1875 and 1877. It is sit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11800644
Financial services in China refers to the services provided in China by the finance industry: banks, investment banks, insurance companies, credit card companies, consumer finance companies, government sponsored enterprises, and stock brokerages. The China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) has required since 2004...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11829622
China Resources Alcohol Corporation (CRAC) is the second largest ethanol producer in China and the owner of the only cellulosic ethanol pilot demonstration plant in the world which operates continuously, 24-hours per day. SunOpta BioProcess Group provided the necessary systems and technology to CRAC in September 2006 a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11829775
Cornmarket Group Financial Services Ltd is one of Ireland's largest investment and insurance brokers. It provides financial services to teachers, nurses, and other public sector employees. Formerly Woodchester Brokers, it was founded in 1972 as Savings & Investments Ltd. It was acquired by Irish Life and Permanent in 1...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11829975
Simplified individual voluntary arrangement In the United Kingdom, a simplified IVA (SIVA) was a proposed new form of IVA (individual voluntary arrangement), which would have been a formal alternative of clearing debt without being declared bankrupt. The new regime was likely to have been two tiers: Also, the approval ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11872996
Lombard Club The was a European banking cartel broken up by the European Commission in 2002. The Commission found that eight Austrian banks met monthly to organize widespread price fixing across Austria. It organized before Austria was a European Union member.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11914387
Stock market index option is a type of option, a financial derivative, that is based on stock indices like the S&P 500 or the Dow Jones Industrial Average. They give an investor the right to buy or sell the underlying stock index for a defined time period. Because index options are based on a large basket of stocks, in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11919066
Stock market index option If an index option is exercised before the close of the market, the buyer of the option will or out-of-the-money for an additional amount equal to the difference between the closing price and the exercise price. If the market closes above the intra-day exercise price, then the option will accr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11919066
Stapled security A stapled security is a type of financial instrument. It consists of two or more securities that are contractually bound to form a single salable unit; they cannot be bought or sold separately. Stapled securities have especially been used in Australia; stapling is relatively uncommon in the rest of the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11920619
Stapled security ) Stapled securities are a bit more complicated and no two are the same. If they are not listed they can be difficult to sell. https://www.moneysmart.gov.au/investing/complex-investments/stapled-securities
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11920619
Journal of Labor Economics The is an academic journal published quarterly by the University of Chicago Press on international research examining issues affecting the economy as well as social and private behavior. It covers various aspects of labor economics, including supply and demand of labor services, personnel eco...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11948649
Supreme Court Economic Review The is an academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press. The journal applies economic and legal scholarship to the work of the United States Supreme Court. Articles consider the implicit or explicit economic reasoning employed by the Court to reach its decisions, and explai...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11949612
Hamada's equation In corporate finance, Hamada’s equation, named after Robert Hamada, is used to separate the financial risk of a levered firm from its business risk. The equation combines the Modigliani-Miller theorem with the capital asset pricing model. It is used to help determine the levered beta and, through this...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11973292
Hamada's equation Apart from the effect of the tax rate, which is generally taken as constant, the discrepancy between the two betas can be attributed solely to how the business is financed. The equation is often wrongly thought to hold in general. However, there are several key "assumptions" behind the Hamada equation...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11973292
Hamada's equation In this situation the value of the leveraged firm is (6): If the tax rate is bigger than zero ("T>0") and there is financial leverage ("D>0"), then the leveraged and the unlevaraged firm are not equal because the value of the leveraged firm is bigger by the present value of the tax shield: so (7): Whe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11973292
Fischer Black Prize is a memorial prize awarded in honor of Fischer Black that rewards individual financial research. The prize was established in 2002 and first awarded in 2003. It is awarded to a financial scientist for a body of work that demonstrates significant original research that is relevant to finance practic...
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Fischer Black Prize The Association also awards two annual awards for individual research publications at its conference (Smith Breeden Prize and Brattle Prize).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11975707
Office of Tax Policy The is an agency of the United States Department of the Treasury headed by the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Tax Policy. The Office assists the Secretary in developing and implementing tax policies and programs; provides the official estimates of all Government receipts for the President'...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11998158
Comfort letter A comfort letter is a document prepared by an accounting firm assuring the financial soundness or backing of a company. The comfort letter can be issued by a Certified Public Accountant declaring no indication of false or misleading information in the financial statements and that the company's prospectu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12004121
Voluntary taxation is a theory that states that taxation should be a voluntary act. Under the theory, people should have the option to pay taxes instead of being forced to pay taxes by their government. Under this theory, people would control how much they pay and where they spend it. The theory is a part of Objectivis...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12027045
Voluntary taxation Lysander Spooner stated, "It is true that the "theory" of our Constitution is, that all taxes are paid voluntarily; that our government is a mutual insurance company, voluntarily entered into by the people with each other; that each man makes a free and purely voluntary contract with all others who a...
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Voluntary taxation Samuels contends that the Lockean “consent of the governed” only applies to rights that people possess, which are then loanable to a governing body, under the social contract. In cases of torture, kidnapping, wiretapping, theft, and assassination and other such transgressions, Samuels asks: “Where an...
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Voluntary taxation He was vocal about the concept of consent of the governed, writing: “The Parliament of Great Britain hath no more Right to put their hands into my Pocket without my consent, than I have to put my hands into yours, for money. Here is an example of how a voluntary taxation system could function. A stat...
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Selskap med begrenset ansvar Selskap med begrenset ansvar, with short form BA, is a Norwegian term for a corporation comparable to a limited liability company. Meaning literally "Company with limited liability", it is a type of corporate structure used in Norway for limited companies based on a co-operative structure. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12027064
Selskap med begrenset ansvar The most prominent uses of BA companies are in local Coop retail cooperatives and the agriculture cooperatives. Formerly a number of state enterprises were BA companies, including the Norwegian State Railways, the Postal Service and Postbanken. All of these have been converted to AS's.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12027064
Selskap med delt ansvar or DA ("company with divided liability"), is a type of company in Norway that does not have limited liability. The company will have two or more participants, who hold a given percentile ownership of the company. A DA is not based around stocks, like the aksjeselskap (AS), and there is no mutual...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12027504
Enkeltpersonforetak (ENK) is a type of sole proprietorship in Norway. The company is considered part of the personal assets of the owner, who holds the full juridical and economic liability of the company. The sole proprietorship entity holds a number of advantages, such as that there is no minimum equity, requirements...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12028001
Kommandittselskap or KS is a Norwegian type of company. The company is owned by two types of entities; the "komplementar", who holds unlimited liability, and one or more "komandittist" who hold limited liability. The "komplementar" is usually a limited company, so the liability is in essence limited. The company type i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12028221
Proto-industrialization is the regional development, alongside commercial agriculture, of rural handicraft production for external markets. The term was introduced in the early 1970s by economic historians who argued that such developments in parts of Europe between the 16th and 19th centuries created the social and ec...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12033314
Proto-industrialization They viewed proto-industrialization as part of the second phase in this transformation, following the weakening of the manorial system in the High Middle Ages. Later historians identified similar situations in other parts of the world, including India, China, Japan and the former Muslim world. T...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12033314
Proto-industrialization India became the world's largest economy, valued 25% of world GDP, having better conditions than 18th-century Western Europe, prior to the Industrial Revolution. The Kingdom of Mysore, a major economic and military power in South India, ruled by Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan, allies of Emperor of th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12033314
Interkommunalt selskap or IKS (in English: Intermunicipal company) is a type of municipal or county owned company in Norway. It resembles very closely a Municipal Enterprise ("Kommunalt foretak") or County Enterprise, but the IKS requires multiple municipalities and/or counties to be owners. The form is regulated by th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12034751
Kommunalt foretak A kommunalt foretak or KF (English: "municipal enterprise") is a Norwegian company type. Specifically the term relates to an undertaking owned by a municipality. An equivalent enterprise owned by a county is known as a fylkeskommunalt foretak or FKF ("county enterprise"). Each KF and FKF has its own s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12035015
Furniture, fixtures and equipment (accounting) Furniture, fixtures, and equipment (or FF&E) is an accounting term used in valuing, selling, or liquidating a company or a building. FF&E are movable furniture, fixtures, or other equipment that have no permanent connection to the structure of a building or utilities. Thes...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12036788
Severance tax Severance taxes are taxes imposed on the removal of natural resources within a taxing jurisdiction. Severance taxes are most commonly imposed in oil producing states within the United States. Resources that typically incur severance taxes when extracted include oil, natural gas, coal, uranium, and timber....
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Severance tax These range in size from about $800 million in Montana to more than $37 billion in Alaska. In theory, income from these permanent endowments remains available in perpetuity after resources are no longer being extracted.
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Compound empowerment refers to the way in which public infrastructure is used to radically increase the accumulation of private wealth. The term denotes how common wealth—tax supported resources such as public education, financial and legal infrastructure, etc. -- is translated into private or corporate profit. While w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12058023
Compound empowerment These are but a few of the ways in which Mr. Gates' accumulation of wealth was empowered by the common wealth and by taxation." The inextricability of private wealth and public resources was influentially formulated by the political philosopher John Rawls, who argued that wealth is arbitrary from a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12058023
Compound empowerment The concept of compound empowerment, on the other hand, argues that, having generated their wealth in part through public structures, fairness demands an equitable return to those structures through graduated taxation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12058023
Guatemala Stove Project The (GSP), is a registered Canadian charity (#871977617 RR0001) that raises funds and provides volunteers for the building of masonry cookstoves in Guatemala's Altiplano (Western Highlands). The works in partnership with CEDEC (Centro De Estudios Para El Desarrollo Y La Cooperacion), a non profi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12061068
Sisyphism is a term used by French classical liberal theorist, political economist, and member of the French assembly, Frédéric Bastiat to ridicule those that think that greater productivity causes poverty by increasing unemployment. The term derives from Sisyphus, the mythological king of Ephyra, punished for chronic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12073594
Review of Economic Dynamics The is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier on behalf of the Society for Economic Dynamics. It covers dynamic models from all areas of economics. The editor-in-chief is Matthias Doepke (Northwestern University). The journal is abstracted and indexed in RePEc, Scop...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12083269
Economic ideology An economic ideology distinguishes itself from economic theory in being normative rather than just explanatory in its approach. Economic ideologies express perspectives on the way an economy should run and to what end, whereas the aim of economic theories is to create accurate explanatory models to de...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12083679
Economic ideology The main ones that exist today are mixed economies, where the state intervenes in market activity and provides some services; laissez faire, where the state only supplies a court, a military, and police; and state capitalism, where the state engages in commercial business activity itself. Laissez-fair...
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Economic ideology However, this economic ideology calls for state action in the form of social policy favoring social insurance, unemployment benefits and recognition of labor rights. Casino capitalism is the high risk-taking and financial instability associated with financial institutions becoming very large and mostl...
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Economic ideology Neo-capitalism is an economic ideology that blends elements of capitalism with other systems and emphasizes government intervention in the economy to save and reconstruct companies that are deemed a risk to the nation. The ideology's prime years are considered by some economists to be the 10 years lea...
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Economic ideology In fascist economies, profits or gains are individualized while losses are socialized; these economies are often compared to the third way due to being heavily corporatized. Fascist economies of the mid 20th century such as Italy and Germany often used bilateral trade agreements, with heavy tariffs on...
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Economic ideology Democratic socialism (sometimes referred to as economic democracy) is an economic ideology that calls for democratic institutions in the economy. These may take the form of cooperatives, workplace democracy or ad hoc approach to the management and ownership of the means of production. Democratic Socia...
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Economic ideology Communism is also a political system as much an economic one—with various models in how it is implemented—the well known being the Marxist Leninist model, which argues for the use of a vanguard party to bring about a workers state to be used as a transitional tool to bring about stateless communism, t...
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Economic ideology This materialism creates inequalities and exploitation such as class structure, the exploitation of humans in the name of labor and profit, and most importantly environmental destruction and deterioration. This exploitation has led to the increase in human population growth, activity, and development ...
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Economic ideology Anarcho-primitivist seek to revert the economic and government institutions of civilization which they argue are authoritarian, exploitative, and abstract and return humanity to a way of living which is harmonious with the natural world in which technology used mostly individually to create tools for ...
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Collateral Billing number A (CBN) is a number that sometimes can be given in place of a purchase order or a credit card number to ensure a products return. For example, you receive a defective product and call the manufacturer, they in turn send you a replacement unit after collecting a purchase order, credit card or c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12084741
JRY Trust The (formerly JRY Corporation), is headed by John Harrington and was set up after the death of Jean Yawkey in 1992 due to her interest in the Boston Red Sox. The trust's interest was sold to John Henry and his group of investors in 2002.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12092249
Downdraft table Downdraft tables or downdraught benches are workbenches with built-in ventilation to capture dust, smoke, and fumes and draw them away from the material being worked on. They typically consist of a perforated surface whose underside is connected to a ventilation or dust collection system, to draw materi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12093739
Equal housing lender The terms equal housing lender and equal opportunity lender are synonymous and refer to all banks insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation in the United States. Such banks are prohibited from discriminating on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, handicap, or famili...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12102351
Post-consumerism is a view or ideology that well-being, as distinct from material success, is the aim of life, and often suggesting that there is a growing willingness to assert such. can also be viewed as moving beyond the current model of addictive consumerism. This personal and societal strategy utilizes each indivi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12125203
Consumer-to-business (C2B) is a business model in which consumers (individuals) create value and businesses consume that value. For example, when a consumer writes reviews or when a consumer gives a useful idea for new product development then that consumer is creating value for the business if the business adopts the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12130019
Consumer-to-business The advent of the C2B scheme is due to: Nowadays people have smartphones or connect to the internet through personal tablets/computers daily allowing consumers to engage with brands online. According to Katherine Arline, in traditional consumer-to-business models companies would promote goods and s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12130019