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Consumer-to-business Another important distinction between the traditional business to consumer market is that the consumer chooses to be a part of the business relationship inside a consumer to business market. For a relationship to exist though both parties must acknowledge that it exists, implying that the relations... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12130019 |
Method of simulated moments In econometrics, the method of simulated moments (MSM) (also called simulated method of moments) is a structural estimation technique introduced by Daniel McFadden. It extends the generalized method of moments to cases where theoretical moment functions cannot be evaluated directly, such as ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12135521 |
Philosophy of futility is a phrase coined in 1928 by Columbia University marketing professor Paul Nystrom to describe an increasingly prevalent outlook which, he believed, induced a greater demand for fashionable products. The growth of industrialization had brought about a narrowing of interests, contacts, and achieve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12151501 |
Philosophy of futility Robert and Edward Skidelsky, in a father-and-son/economist-and-philosopher writing partnership, discuss that needs are finite and can be satisfied, but wants are infinite in quantity. Adam Smith, a pioneer in political economy, states his Theory of Moral Sentiments that “Riches leave a man always... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12151501 |
World Bank high-income economy A high-income economy is defined by the World Bank as a country with a gross national income per capita of US$12,376 or more in 2018, calculated using the Atlas method. While the term "high-income" is often used interchangeably with "First World" and "developed country", the technical def... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12170583 |
World Bank high-income economy Thresholds for subsequent years were adjusted taking into account the average inflation in the G-5 countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Germany and France), and from 2001, that of Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States and the eurozone. Thus, the thresholds remai... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12170583 |
Jesús Federico Reyes Heroles Jesús Federico Reyes-Heroles González Garza is a Mexican economist and politician. He is a member of PRI and co-founder and executive president of ""Grupo de Economistas y Asociados"" (GEA), a consulting firm that has become the first independent organization dedicated to political and econ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12182982 |
Jesús Federico Reyes Heroles Then he was appointed Mexican Ambassador to the United States from October 1997 to November 2000. In December 2006, Felipe Calderón Hinojosa named Reyes Heroles as Director-General of PEMEX. On September 8, 2009, he was relieved from this position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12182982 |
Vendor on premises A Vendor on Premises (VOP) is defined as on site coordination of a customer's temporary help services through an exclusive, long-term general contractor relationship with a temporary help company. The designated VOP may enter subcontracting relationships with other temporary help suppliers, or relati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12185069 |
Headline inflation is a measure of the total inflation within an economy, including commodities such as food and energy prices (e.g., oil and gas), which tend to be much more volatile and prone to inflationary spikes. On the other hand, "core inflation" (also non-food-manufacturing or underlying inflation) is calculate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12186940 |
Trading Up (book) Trading Up: Consumer and Environmental Regulation in a Global Economy (Harvard University Press 1995, ) is a book by UC Berkeley political scientist and business professor, David Vogel. It examines the impact of free trade on environmental regulations. It analyzes the General Agreement on Tariffs and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12188690 |
Trading Up (book) A good example is auto emissions requirements, which have gradually stiffened and leveled up in the trading system over time. Three reasons are adduced, mainly concerning the major markets. First, stiffer regulations sometimes enhance the competitive advantage of firms, thus lining up industrialists w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12188690 |
Warren Bryant was the CEO of Longs Drugs Store Corporation out of California prior to the retail chain's acquisition by CVS/Caremark. Hired in 2002 to Longs, he was Senior Vice President of The Kroger Company., a retail grocery chain, from 1999 to 2002. Prior to that, from 1996 to 1999, he was President and Chief Execu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12193805 |
Voting interest (or voting power) in business and accounting means the total number, or percent, of votes entitled to be cast on the issue at the time the determination of voting power is made, excluding a vote which is contingent upon the happening of a condition or event which has not occurred at the time. is one for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12218387 |
Voting interest In the American media, dual-class structures caught on in the mid-20th century as families such as the Grahams of The Washington Post Company and the Ochs-Sulzbergers of "The New York Times" sought to gain access to public capital without losing control. Dow Jones & Company, publisher of "The Wall Stree... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12218387 |
Level of effort In project management, level of effort (LOE) is a support-type project activity that must be done to support other work activities or the entire project effort. It usually consists of short amounts of work that must be repeated periodically. Examples of such an activity may be project budget accounting,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12220091 |
Level of effort LOE is used to define the amount of work performance within a time and is measured in staff days or staff hours per day/week/month. LOE estimation is one of the primary tasks of a project manager. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12220091 |
Adrien Ries (14 July 1933 – 10 October 1991) was a Luxembourgian economist. Much of his work revolved around transport economics, particularly the automobile, and the spatial implications of economic activity. He was also responsible for coining the idea of 'Nordstad', a unified urban area in northern Luxembourg to dec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12228694 |
Ex-ante The term ex-ante (sometimes written ex ante or exante) is a phrase meaning "before the event". or notional demand refers to the desire for goods and services which is not backed by the ability to pay for those goods and services. This is also termed as ‘wants of people’. "Ex-ante" is used most commonly in the c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12232846 |
Ex-ante Gunnar Myrdal further explained that "ex ante" disparity and "ex post" balance are made consistent through price changes, which result from the behavior of economic agents, which is based on "ex ante" anticipations: In context of "ex-ante", the Swedish economist Myrdal also dealt with the question of the unit o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12232846 |
List of World Bank members The following is a list of the 189 members of the World Bank: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12234854 |
Cliquet option A cliquet option or ratchet option is an exotic option consisting of a series of consecutive forward start options. The first is active immediately. The second becomes active when the first expires, etc. Each option is struck at-the-money when it becomes active. A cliquet is, therefore, a series of at-th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12236932 |
Economic sector One classical breakdown of economic activity distinguishes three sectors: In the 20th century, economists began to suggest that traditional tertiary services could be further distinguished from "quaternary" and quinary service sectors. Economic activity in the hypothetical quaternary sector comprises in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12255159 |
Ontario Forest Research Institute (OFRI) is a division of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF) located in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. This institute is composed of research scientists, specialists, statisticians, technicians, management, and administrative staff. OFRI research helps provide sust... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12268191 |
Sales tax audit A sales tax audit is the examination of a company’s financial documents by a government's tax agency to verify if the proper amount of sales tax has been remitted to the proper authority. Bob Meighan from Huffington Post stated that “most people don’t realize that only 1.1 percent of individual taxpayer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12281287 |
Green-collar worker A green-collar worker is a worker who is employed in the environmental sectors of the economy. Environmental green-collar workers (or green jobs) satisfy the demand for green development. Generally, they implement environmentally conscious design, policy, and technology to improve conservation and s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12306064 |
Green-collar worker Green collar workers also include vocational or trade-level workers: electricians who install solar panels, plumbers who install solar water heaters, recycling centre/MRF attendants, process managers and collectors, construction workers who build energy-efficient green buildings and wind power farms... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12306064 |
Green-collar worker 3% and put the nation on a path toward a low-carbon economy. The report, prepared by the Political Economy Research Institute at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, proposes $50 billion in tax credits for energy efficiency retrofits and renewable energy systems; $46 billion in direct government... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12306064 |
Green-collar worker 3 million people have found renewable energy jobs in recent years, and projected investments of $630 billion by 2030 would translate into at least 20 million additional jobs. Also in 2008, the U.S. Conference of Mayors released a report that finds the U.S. economy currently generates more than 750,0... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12306064 |
Green-collar worker Claims exist that the problems of nuclear waste do not come anywhere close to approaching the problems of fossil fuel waste. A 2004 article from the BBC states: "The World Health Organization (WHO) says 3 million people are killed worldwide by outdoor air pollution annually from vehicles and industr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12306064 |
Green-collar worker The term is a play on the traditional uses of the terms "white collar" and "blue collar," notably, to indicate that there is broad acceptance and enjoyment of cannabis culture that transcends socioeconomic stratifications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12306064 |
Equity repositioning Equity Repositioning is the financial strategy of taking an equity rich asset base and repositioning those assets into a diversity of investment vehicles. The idea is to borrow against the equity value of a property and reposition that capital. This strategy is aimed at earning a rate of return gre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12332055 |
RBC Direct Investing is the brokerage division of the Royal Bank of Canada. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12337441 |
United States farm bill In the United States, the farm bill is the primary agricultural and food policy tool of the federal government. The comprehensive omnibus bill is renewed every 5 years or so and deals with both agriculture and all other affairs under the purview of the United States Department of Agriculture. Co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12351306 |
United States farm bill Traditionally, the agriculture programs have been more important for rural areas of the heartland, while urban and coastal regions have been more concerned with the nutrition assistance programs. There are stakeholders outside of the government that are also interested in food and agriculture is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12351306 |
United States farm bill On May 18th, 2018 the $867 billion 2018 failed in the House of Representatives with a vote of 198 yea to 213 nay. All Democrats and 30 Republicans voted against the measure. Republican opposition came largely from the Freedom Caucus who insisted that a separate vote to restrict immigration be he... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12351306 |
United States farm bill The AAA of 1933 was an abrupt change in policy and was designed as an emergency response to the low prices of commodity crops during the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl in the years prior to 1933. The AAA established a primary federal role in limiting the production of certain agricultural cr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12351306 |
United States farm bill The goal was to increase the price of farm commodities by reducing overall supply, while also providing relief to farmers who were deeply in debt. This was, however, a voluntary program, meaning farmers were not required to remove acres from production if they were not interested in government a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12351306 |
United States farm bill These payments allowed grain farmers to receive a government check every year based on yields and acreage of the farm as recorded the previous decade. The first farm bill of the new millennium was the Farm Security Act of 2002, which was signed into law on May 13, 2002. Some of the bill’s major ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12351306 |
United States farm bill It increased subsidies for biofuels which the World Bank has named as one of three most important contributors, along with high fuel prices and price speculation, to the 2007–2008 world food price crisis. President George Bush had vetoed the 2008 bill due to its size and cost. However, the veto ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12351306 |
United States farm bill This was enacted as part of the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, passed by Congress on January 1, 2013 and signed into law the next day by President Barack Obama. (Public Law No: 112-240) Between the passage of the 2008 farm bill and the creation of the 2013 bill, the food stamp program cha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12351306 |
United States farm bill According to a Congressional Research Service primer about the 2018 farm bill, eighteen farm bills have been enacted since the 1930s. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12351306 |
National Agricultural Policy Center The (NAPC) (), was established in 2000 through the work of the Project GCP/SYR/006/ITA of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, funded by the Government of Italy, to be part of the Syrian Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform. The project is now in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12376217 |
National Agricultural Policy Center These divisions are as follows: Trade Policy (TPD), Agro-Food (AFD), Rural Development (RDD) and Information and Communications (InfoCom). The focus areas of each division can be given as follows: The major publications of the NAPC are the two Periodical Reports that it produces. One... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12376217 |
Drought tolerance is the ability to which a plant maintains its biomass production during arid or drought conditions. Some plants are naturally adapted to dry conditions"," surviving with protection mechanisms such as desiccation tolerance, detoxification, or repair of xylem embolism. Other plants, specifically crops l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12382101 |
Drought tolerance Plants are more susceptible to drought stress during the reproductive stages of growth, flowering and seed development. Therefore, the combination of short-term plus long-term responses allow for plants to produce a few viable seeds. Some examples of short-term and long-term physiological responses in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12382101 |
Drought tolerance For example, DREB proteins including DREB2A cooperate with AREB/ABF proteins in gene expression, specifically in the DREB2A gene under osmotic stress conditions. DREB2 also induces the expression of heat-related genes, such as heat shock protein. Overexpression of DREB2Aca enhances drought and heat st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12382101 |
Drought tolerance Plants in naturally arid conditions retain large amounts of biomass due to drought tolerance and can be classified into 4 categories of adaptation: Many adaptations for dry conditions are structural, including the following: With the frequency and severity of droughts increasing in recent years, damag... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12382101 |
Drought tolerance Other examples of collaborations to improve drought tolerance in crop-variety plants include the International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA) in Aleppo, Syria; the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) in Andhra Pradesh, India; the Internati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12382101 |
Drought tolerance To bring a new genetically modified crop into the commercial market, it has been estimated to cost USD 136 million over 13 years. This poses a problem for development, as only a small number of companies can afford to develop drought-tolerant crops, and it is difficult for research institutions to sus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12382101 |
Natural resources consumption tax The natural resource consumption tax is a kind of tax which is aimed to help ensure long run sustainability by increasing awareness of natural resource consumption. The popular conception of international waters is that there is no owner of them, so anyone can take advantage of them. S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12429451 |
Glossary of US mortgage terminology Terms pertaining to US mortgages include: Main two types Origination and Re-Financing Origination: starting from the scrap, Ex, A person want to buy a home and go to the bank for the same will get loan of 80% of their LTV. Re-finance: defaulted borrower can apply for the same refinan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12439949 |
Revealed comparative advantage The revealed comparative advantage is an index used in international economics for calculating the relative advantage or disadvantage of a certain country in a certain class of goods or services as evidenced by trade flows. It is based on the Ricardian comparative advantage concept. It mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12440145 |
Revealed comparative advantage Obtain RCA for predefined Product Groups like SITC Revision 2 Groups, Sector classification based on HS or UNCTAD's Stages of processing in in WITS Indicators by Product Group page. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12440145 |
Shakeout is a term used in business and economics to describe the consolidation of an industry or sector, in which businesses are eliminated or acquired through competition. It may also refer to a situation in which many investors exit their positions, often at a loss, due to uncertainty in the market or recent bad new... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12442895 |
Equitisation () is a Vietnamese English term that denotes the conversion of a state-owned enterprise in Vietnam into a public (joint stock) company or a corporation. It is the same as privatization. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12471780 |
Mercado a Término de Buenos Aires Mercado a Termino de Buenos Aires - MATBA - is the Buenos Aires Futures and Options Exchange. MATba was founded in 1907. It was the first market to be established in Latin America. In its early history, it traded Futures contracts on agricultural commodities and rapidly became one of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12485304 |
Mercado a Término de Buenos Aires In January 2017 MATba signed an agreement with ROFEX to interconnect their trading platforms so members of both exchanges could trade all the products listed at both Exchanges. Later that year, cattle and "mini" contracts on wheat, soybeans and corn were launched. In October 2018 MATba... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12485304 |
Search theory In microeconomics, search theory studies buyers or sellers who cannot instantly find a trading partner, and must therefore search for a partner prior to transacting. has been influential in many areas of economics. It has been applied in labor economics to analyze frictional unemployment resulting from jo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12487279 |
Search theory Stigler proposed thinking of searching for bargains or jobs as an economically important problem. John J. McCall proposed a dynamic model of job search, based on the mathematical method of optimal stopping, on which much later work has been based. McCall's paper studied the problem of which job offers an ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12487279 |
Search theory An interesting observation about McCall's model is that greater variance of offers may make the searcher better off, and prolong optimal search, even if he or she is risk averse. This is because when there is more variation in wage offers (holding fixed the mean), the searcher may want to wait longer (tha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12487279 |
Search theory Her optimal strategy is to open the boxes by decreasing order of reservation value until the opened box that maximizes her payoff exceed highest reservation value of the remaining boxes. This strategy is referred as the Pandora's rule. In fact, the Pandora's rule remains the optimal sampling strategy for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12487279 |
Search theory Search from one or more unknown distributions is called a multi-armed bandit problem. The name comes from the slang term 'one-armed bandit' for a casino slot machine, and refers to the case in which the only way to learn about the distribution of rewards from a given slot machine is by actually playing th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12487279 |
Kangchu system The was a socio-economic system of organisation and administration developed by Chinese agricultural settlers in Johor during the 19th century. The settlers organised themselves into informal associations (similar to the Kongsi organisations found in other Chinese communities), and chose a leader from am... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12513126 |
Kangchu system Variants of the also thrived in other parts of Maritime Southeast Asia, where gambier and pepper were cultivated and where there were significant Chinese populations. The Kangchu and coolies who worked in the gambier and pepper plantations were mainly of Teochew origin, and were generally first- or secon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12513126 |
Kangchu system As more Chinese settlers established gambier and pepper plantations in Johor during the 1840s, Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim formed a bureaucracy made up of Malay officials to oversee administrative affairs upon the Kangchu. He began issuing official permits, known as "Surat Sungai" (transliterated as "river ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12513126 |
Kangchu system Most of these Chinese leaders were also members of secret societies, and communal warfare often broke out in Singapore between different dialect groups as a result of conflicting economic interests. From the late 1850s onwards, the Kangchu began to exert political influence in the state affairs by establ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12513126 |
Kangchu system Temenggong Abu Bakar began to issue contract-style letters of recognition to these Kangchu; the letters were known by their Malay name "Surat Tauliah". As the gambier and pepper plantations expanded in the 1870s, the more established Kangchu were entrusted with larger blocks of farms and made contracts w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12513126 |
Kangchu system At the end of the 19th century, Johor's economy began to diversify from gambier and pepper plantations to other agricultural crops. Starting with coffee in 1881, crops such as tapioca, tea, pineapple and rubber were introduced into the state. Coffee and tapioca was quickly abandoned in the 1890s when the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12513126 |
Kangchu system Shortly after the British appointed an adviser to Johor, the British began attributing the high crime rates in the state to Chinese settlers loyal to the Kangchu. In 1915, the Johor state government, now effectively under the control of the British Colonial Government, passed the "Societies Enactment" wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12513126 |
Kangchu system These administrative centres were generally established within the coolie settlements located at the foot of the river, and were known as "Kangkar" (literally "Foot of the river", Chinese: 港脚, Pinyin: Gáng Jiǎo, Teochew: Kaang6 Caar8). The Kangchu acted as the middleman in the bulk purchase of the settle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12513126 |
Kangchu system The "Kanun Kangchu" contained 81 clauses in total, and was implemented in 1873. Chinese settlers began migrating from the Riau Islands to Singapore in the 19th century shortly before the founding of Singapore by Sir Stamford Raffles in 1819. The native Malays joined the Chinese in growing gambier, althou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12513126 |
Kangchu system Some of these merchants purchased the property rights of gambier and pepper farms from the Kangchu in Johor, who would then assume managerial tasks to ensure the smooth operation of the plantation and the settlement. Unlike its counterpart in Johor, the Ngee Heng Kongsi (also called "Ghi Hin Kongsi" in H... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12513126 |
Kangchu system The British appointed a Chinese official among the Kangchu to oversee the social and economic affairs of the gambier and pepper plantations in Singapore and to act as the intermediary. The first gambier and pepper plantations appeared in the Riau Islands in the 1730s, after the Buginese warrior and secon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12513126 |
Kangchu system These settlers and merchants still maintained trading links with Riau, as the Kangchu from Riau often shipped their produce to Singapore for free trade to evade taxes imposed by the Dutch colonial government. Like Singapore, competition for the gambier and pepper trade between the Teochews and Hokkiens i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12513126 |
Kangchu system In 1875, the British promulgated a set of laws which defined the roles and responsibilities of the Kangchu; they were modelled very closely to the "Kanun Kangchu" that was introduced by Sultan Abu Bakar of Johor in 1873. Charles Brooke encouraged the immigration of the Chinese coolies, beginning in the 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12513126 |
Kangchu system As a result of mass immigration by the Chinese into Johor, the Chinese quickly outnumbered the Malays in the state, although many Chinese coolies relocated to Singapore or other parts of Malaya as the gambier and pepper industry declined in the 20th century. Several towns and other places in Johor and Si... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12513126 |
Siderius The 7-veld was the designation of Krupp 7.5 cm Model 1903 field guns purchased by the Netherlands in 1905 for the Dutch Army. The Dutch purchased 204 guns and 408 caissons from Krupp and produced another 120 guns under license. These saw service both in The Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies. During the 192... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12523315 |
Scottish Consolidated Fund The is the main fund operated by the Scottish Parliament. It receives a block grant from the UK Parliament's Consolidated Fund plus the operational receipts of the Scottish Government. The fund operates under the Scotland Act 1998. In 2010-2011, Westminster paid a block grant of £26.8 billion... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12527260 |
Institut d'émission d'outre-mer The (IEOM, "Overseas note-issuing bank") issues the CFP franc, the currency of the French overseas collectivities French Polynesia, New Caledonia, and Wallis and Futuna. It is headquartered in the 1st arrondissement of Paris. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12527849 |
Jesús Silva Herzog (14 November 1892 – 13 March 1985) was a Mexican economist and historian specialized in the Mexican Revolution and a member of The National College. He received the National Prize for Arts and Sciences in 1962. His son, former Mexican Secretary of Finance Flores, and grandson, Márquez, are also promi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12540501 |
National average salary The National Average Salary (or the National Average Wage) is the mean salary for the working population of a nation. It is calculated by summing all the annual salaries of all persons in work and dividing the total by the number of workers. It is not the same as the Gross domestic product (GDP)... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12548635 |
National market system plan A national market system plan (or NMS plan) is a structured method of transmitting securities transactions in real-time. In the United States, national market systems are governed by section 11A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. In addition to processing the transactions themselves, th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12568215 |
Bear raid A bear raid is a type of stock market strategy, where a trader (or group of traders) attempts to force down the price of a stock to cover a short position. The name is derived from the common use of "bear" or "bearish" in the language of market sentiment to reflect the idea that investors expect downward pric... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12575031 |
Lawson Boom The was the macroeconomic conditions prevailing in the United Kingdom at the end of the 1980s, which became associated with the policies of Margaret Thatcher's Chancellor of the Exchequer, Nigel Lawson. The term "Lawson Boom" was used by analogy with the phrase "The Barber Boom", an earlier period of rapid ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12581571 |
Lawson Boom The inflationary pressures of the were one of the reasons given for the UK's entry into the European Exchange Rate Mechanism in October 1990, a move that was supposed to help restrain inflation (which had been approaching 10%) in the UK by "importing" the anti-inflationary credibility of the Bundesbank. How... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12581571 |
Test of Economic Literacy The or TEL is a standardized test of economics nationally norm-referenced in the United States for use in upper-grade levels of high schools. It is one of four grade-level specific standardized economics tests (i.e., Basic Economics Test (BET), Test of Economic Knowledge (TEK) and Test of Unde... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12582601 |
National Center for Research in Economic Education The (NCREE) is a non-profit center located at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in Lincoln, Nebraska, US. Its primary function is to assist researchers and other organizations with research, assessment and evaluation projects in economics education. The NCREE has desi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12582675 |
Basic Economics Test The or BET is a standardized test of economics nationally norm-referenced in the United States for use in the upper-grade levels of elementary schools. It is one of four grade-level specific standardized economics tests (i.e., Test of Economic Knowledge (TEK), Test of Economic Literacy (TEL) and Te... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12582975 |
Test of Understanding in College Economics The or TUCE is a standardized test of economics nationally norm-referenced in the United States for use at the undergraduate level, primarily targeting introductory or principles-level coursework in economics. It is one of four grade-level specific standardized economics tests... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12583224 |
Test of Economic Knowledge The or TEK is a standardized test of economics nationally norm-referenced in the United States for use in middle schools and in lower-grade levels of high schools. It is one of four grade-level specific standardized economics tests (i.e., Basic Economics Test (BET), Test of Economic Literacy ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12583619 |
WDV The written-down value (abbreviated as WDV) is the depreciated value of an asset (movable or immovable) for purposes of taxation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12590835 |
Asset price inflation is an economic phenomenon denoting a rise in price of assets, as opposed to ordinary goods and services. As inflation is generally understood and perceived as the rise in price of 'ordinary' goods and services, and official and central bank policies in most of today’s world have been expressly dir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12591076 |
Asset price inflation Examples of asset price crashes include Dutch tulips in the 17th century, Japanese metropolitan real estate and stocks in the early 1990s, and internet stocks in 2001. It was also a contributory factor in the 2007 subprime mortgage financial crisis.However, if the money supply has the potential to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12591076 |
Overcapitalisation or Overcapitalization, refers to an economic phenomenon whereby the valuation/price of an asset is superior to its ‘real’ value, however difficult to define, therefore putting a strain on attempts to obtain a reasonable return on investment. This is especially the case when capital goods are at stake... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12591215 |
Overcapitalisation In his book ""Collapse"", Jared Diamond gives an example of widespread overcapitalisation (Chapter 13, "Mining" Australia, paragraph on 'imported values') where he describes how settlers in Australia bought or leased land at prices derived from those at 'home' (England), and then were pushed very har... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12591215 |
Futures Industry Association The (FIA) is a trade association in the United States composed of futures commission merchants. A futures commission merchant is analogous to a broker; they are entities that accept orders and payment for commodity futures for execution on a futures exchange. The FIA states that it believes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12600698 |
Real net output ratio The Real Net Output Ratio (or Vertical Range of Manufacture) describes in a value chain the fraction of the internal (company specific) production on the total production value of one company. The total production value of a company consists of internal production plus the sum of externally produc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12626504 |
Structural estimation is a technique for estimating deep "structural" parameters of theoretical economic models. The term is inherited from the simultaneous equations model. In this sense "structural estimation" is contrasted with "reduced-form estimation", which is the statistical relationship between observed variabl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12634266 |
Structural estimation These conflicting distinctions between structural and reduced form estimation arose from the increasing complexity of economic theory since the formalization of simultaneous equations estimation. A structural model often involves sequential decision-making under uncertainty or strategic environmen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12634266 |
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