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Index of industrial production The Office of the Economic Advisor, Ministry of Commerce and Industry made the first attempt of compilation and release of IIP with base year 1937, covering 15 important industries, accounting for more than 90 percent of the total production of the selected industries. The all-India IIP i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14177213 |
Index of industrial production This index was discontinued in April 1956 due to certain shortcomings and was replaced by the revised index with 1951 as the base year covering 88 items, broadly categorised as mining & quarrying (2), manufacturing (17) and electricity (1) compiled by CSO. The items in this index were cla... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14177213 |
Index of industrial production The working group (set up in 1978) under the Chairmanship of the then Director General of CSO, decided to shift the base to 1980–81, to reflect the changes that had taken place in the industrial structure and to accommodate the items from small-scale sector. A notable feature of the revis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14177213 |
Index of industrial production These quick estimates for a given month are revised twice in the subsequent months. To retain the distinctive character and enable the collection of data, the source agencies proposed clubbing of 478 items of the manufacturing sector into 285 item groups and thus making a total of 287 ite... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14177213 |
Moving average crossover In the statistics of time series, and in particular the stock market technical analysis, a moving-average crossover occurs when, on plotting two moving averages each based on different degrees of smoothing, the traces of these moving averages cross. It does not predict future direction but show... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14188295 |
Moving average crossover The particular case where simple equally weighted moving-averages are used is sometimes called a simple moving-average (SMA) crossover. Such a crossover can be used to signal a change in trend and can be used to trigger a trade in a black box trading system. There are several types of moving av... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14188295 |
Transnational corporation A transnational corporation is an enterprise that is involved with the international production of goods or services, foreign investments, or income and asset management in more than one country. Transnational corporations share many qualities with multinational corporations, with the subtle d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14192558 |
Transnational corporation Faced with accelerated globalization, managers often make decisions to expand a firm's transnationality in order to enable the firm to effectively compete with rivals on a global scale (e.g. Nestlé, Deutsche Post, Toyota, etc.), who employ senior executives from many countries and tries to mak... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14192558 |
Four occupations The four occupations () or "four categories of the people" () was an occupation classification used in ancient China by either Confucian or Legalist scholars as far back as the late Zhou dynasty and is considered a central part of the fengjian social structure (c. 1046–256 BC). These were the "shi" (ge... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations The main difference in adaptation was the definition of the "shi" (士). From existing literary evidence, commoner categories in China were employed for the first time during the Warring States period (403–221 BC). Despite this, Eastern-Han (AD 25–220) historian Ban Gu (AD 32–92) asserted in his "Book of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations Barbieri-Low, Professor of Early Chinese History at the University of California, Santa Barbara, writes that the classification of "four occupations" can be viewed as a mere rhetorical device that had no effect on government policy. However, he notes that although no statute in the Qin or Han law codes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations During the ancient Shang (1600–1046 BC) and Early Zhou dynasties (1046–771 BC), the "shi" were regarded as a knightly social order of low-level aristocratic lineage compared to dukes and marquises. This social class was distinguished by their right to ride in chariots and command battles from mobile ch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations As chariot warfare became eclipsed by mounted cavalry and infantry units with effective crossbowmen in the Warring States period (403–221 BC), the participation of the "shi" in battle dwindled as rulers sought men with actual military training, not just aristocratic background. This was also a period w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations Under this system, the government thrived, as talented individuals could be more easily identified in the transformed society. However, the Qin became infamous for its oppressive measures, and so collapsed into a state of civil war after the death of the Emperor. The victor of this war was Liu Bang, wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations Beyond serving in the administration and the judiciary, scholar-officials also provided government-funded social services, such as prefectural or county schools, free-of-charge public hospitals, retirement homes and paupers' graveyards. Scholars such as Shen Kuo (1031–1095) and Su Song (1020–1101) dabb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations The food that farmers produced sustained the whole of society, while the land tax exacted on farmers' lots and landholders' property produced much of the state revenue for China's pre-modern ruling dynasties. Therefore, the farmer was a valuable member of society, and even though he was not considered ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations Song Dynasty (950–1279) rural farmers engaged in the small-scale production of wine, charcoal, paper, textiles, and other goods. By the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), the socioeconomic class of farmers grew more and more indistinct from another social class in the four occupations: the artisan. Artisans beg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations Hence, artisans could create their own small enterprises in selling their work and that of others, and like the merchants, they formed their own guilds. Researchers have pointed to the rise of wage labour in late Ming and early Qing workshops in textile, paper and other industries, achieving large-scal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations Even as knowledge of silk production spread to the rest of the world, Song dynasty China was able to maintain near-monopoly on manufacture by large scale industrialization, through the two-person draw loom, commercialized mulberry cultivation, and a factory production. The organization of silk weaving ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations Despite this, the merchant class of China throughout all of Chinese history were usually wealthy and held considerable influence above their supposed social standing. Han Dynasty writers mention merchants owning huge tracts of land. A merchant who owned property worth a thousand catties of gold—equival... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations By the Song period, merchants often colluded with the scholarly elite; as early as 955, the Scholar-officials themselves were using intermediary agents to participate in trading. Since the Song government took over several key industries and imposed strict state monopolies, the government itself acted ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations The scholar-officials' dependence upon merchants received semi-legal standing when scholar-official Qiu Jun (1420–1495), argued that the state should only mitigate market affairs during times of pending crisis and that merchants were the best gauge in determining the strength of a nation's riches in re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations A similar situation occurred in the Ryūkyū Kingdom with the scholarly class of yukatchu, but yukatchu status was hereditary and could be bought from the government as the kingdom's finances were frequently deficient. Due to the growth of this class and the lack of government positions open for them, Sa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations Originally a martial class, the samurai became civil administrators to their "daimyōs" during the Tokugawa shogunate. No exams were needed as the positions were inherited. They constituted about 5% of the population and were allowed to have a proper surname. (see Edo society). In the sixteenth century,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations Head rank 6 leaders sojourned to China for study, while regional governance fell into the "hojok" or castle-lords commanding private armies detached from the central regime, as well as frequent peasant uprisings. These factions coalesced, introducing a new national ideology that was an amalgamation of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations The bureaucrats were similarly divided into nine grades and six ministries, and examinations were held annually at provincial level, and triennially at regional and national levels. The Vietnamese political elite consisted of educated landholders whose interests often clashed with the central governmen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations Overseas Chinese merchant families in British Malaya and the Dutch Indies donated generously to the provision of defence and disaster relief programs in China in order to receive nominations to the Imperial Court for honorary official ranks. These ranged from "chün-hsiu", a candidate for the Imperial e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations For much of its history, appointment to the Chinese officership was determined by family background, social standing and wealth, but in the twentieth century, attempts were made to elevate meritorious individuals to high rank in keeping with the colonial government's so-called Ethical Policy. The merch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations Under the principle of the Mandate of heaven, the right to rule was based on "virtue"; if a ruler was overthrown, this was interpreted as an indication that the ruler was unworthy, and had lost the mandate, and there would often be revolts following major disasters as citizens saw these as signs that t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations The Yuan dynasty favoured the Mongol tradition of distributing Khanates, and under this influence, the Ming dynasty also revived the practice of granting titular "kingdoms" to Imperial clan members, although they were denied political control; only near the end of the dynasty were some permitted to par... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations Ray Huang argues that eunuchs represented the personal will of the Emperor, while the officials represented the alternate political will of the bureaucracy. The clash between them would thus have been a clash of ideologies or political agenda. Although shamans and diviners in Bronze Age China had some ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations However from the fourth to twentieth centuries, Buddhist monks were frequently sponsored by the elite of society, sometimes even by Confucian scholars, with monasteries described as "in size and magnificence no prince's house could match". Despite the strong Buddhist sympathies of the Sui Dynasty and T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations onward, soldiers along China's frontiers were also encouraged by the state to settle down on their own farm lots in order for the food supply of the military to become self-sufficient, under the Tuntian system (屯田), the Weisuo system (衛所) and the Fubing system (府兵). Under these schemes, multiple dynast... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations "Proper" music was considered a fundamental aspect of nurturing of character and good government, but vernacular music, as defined as having "irregular movements" was criticised as corrupting for listeners. In spite of this, Chinese society idolized many musicians, even women musicians (who were seen a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Four occupations All were under the administration of the Drums and Pipes Bureau and an umbrella organization called the Taichang Temple (太常寺). Professional artists had similarly low status. Slavery was comparatively uncommon in Chinese history but was still practiced, largely as a judicial punishment for crimes. In th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14194836 |
Financialization (or Financialisation in British English) is a term sometimes used to describe the development of financial capitalism during the period from 1980 to present, in which debt-to-equity ratios increased and financial services accounted for an increasing share of national income relative to other sectors. d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14232594 |
Financialization Its aim is not to provide tangible capital formation or rising living standards, but to generate interest, financial fees for underwriting mergers and acquisitions, and capital gains that accrue mainly to insiders, headed by upper management and large financial institutions. The upshot is that the trad... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14232594 |
Financialization In a 1998 article, Michael Hudson discussed previous economists who saw the problems that result from financialization. Problems were identified by John A. Hobson (financialization enabled Britain's imperialism), Thorstein Veblen (it acts in opposition to rational engineers), Herbert Somerton Foxwell (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14232594 |
Financialization According to the March 2007 Quarterly Report from the Bank for International Settlements (see page 24.): Trading on the international derivatives exchanges slowed in the fourth quarter of 2006. Combined turnover of interest rate, currency and stock index derivatives fell by 7% to $431 trillion between ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14232594 |
Financialization The result was that financial futures contracts—based on such things as interest rates, currencies, or equity indices—came to dominate the futures markets. The dollar value of turnover in the futures markets is found by multiplying the number of contracts traded by the average value per contract for 19... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14232594 |
Financialization Soon thereafter, the CME ceased to provide a figure for the dollar value of contracts traded.) Futures contracts are a "contract to buy or sell a very common homogenous item at a future date for a specific price". The nominal value of a futures contract is wildly different from the risk involved in eng... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14232594 |
Financialization Another mitigating factor to consider is that a commonly traded liquid asset, such as gold, wheat, or the S&P 500 stock index, is extremely unlikely to have a future value of $0; thus the counter-party risk is limited to something substantially less than the nominal value. The financial sector is a key... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14232594 |
Financialization House of Representatives, which in 1912 found that control of credit in America was concentrated in the hands of a small group of Wall Street firms that were using their positions to accumulate vast economic power. When in 1911 Standard Oil was broken up as an illegal monopoly by the U.S. government, t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14232594 |
Financialization Such financial sector practices included the creation of private mortgage-backed securities, and more speculative approaches to the creation and trading of derivatives based on new quantitative models of risk and value. Wall Street ramped up pressure on the United States Congress for more deregulation,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14232594 |
Financialization By year's end 2007, commercial banks held $11.8 trillion in assets, which is equivalent to 84% of U.S. GDP. Investment banks (securities broker-dealers) held $33 billion (thousand million) in assets in 1978 (equivalent to 1.3% of U.S. GDP), but held $3.1 trillion in assets (equivalent to 22% U.S. GDP) ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14232594 |
Financialization In November 2007, commenting on the financial crisis sparked by the subprime mortgage collapse in the United States, Doug Noland's "Credit Bubble Bulletin", on Asia Times Online, noted, The scale of the Credit "insurance" problem is astounding. According to the Bank of International Settlements, the OT... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14232594 |
Financialization The difficulty of determining exactly how much this swap contract is worth, when accounted for on a financial institution's books, is typical of the worries of many experts and regulators over the explosive growth of these types of instruments. Contrary to common belief in the United States, the larges... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14232594 |
Financialization In addition to siphoning off capital for its own benefit, the finance sector misallocates the remaining capital in ways that harm the real economy in order to reward already-rich financial elites harming the nation." Emerging countries have also tried to develop their financial sector, as an engine of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14232594 |
Financialization In the 1990s vast monetary resources flowing to a few "megabanks," enabled the financial oligarchy to achieve greater political power in the United States. Wall Street firms largely succeeded in getting the American political system and regulators to accept the ideology of financial deregulation and th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14232594 |
Social Science Japan Journal (SSJJ) is a peer-reviewed scholarly journal covering Japan in social scientific perspective, semiannually published by Oxford University Press. SSJJ's editorial board is located at the Institute of Social Science, the University of Tokyo, and supported by the international advisory board me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14240914 |
Quantitative behavioral finance is a new discipline that uses mathematical and statistical methodology to understand behavioral biases in conjunction with valuation. Some of this endeavor has been led by Gunduz Caginalp (Professor of Mathematics and Editor of Journal of Behavioral Finance during 2001–2004) and collabor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14246632 |
Quantitative behavioral finance The crash of 1987 provided a puzzle and challenge to most economists who had believed that such volatility should not exist in an age when information and capital flows are much more efficient than they were in the 1920s. As the decade continued, the Japanese market soared to heights tha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14246632 |
Quantitative behavioral finance In his book, “Irrational Exuberance”, Robert Shiller discusses the excesses that have plagued markets, and concludes that stock prices move in excess of changes in valuation. This line of reasoning has also been confirmed in several studies (e.g., Jeffrey Pontiff ), of closed-end funds w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14246632 |
Quantitative behavioral finance Behavioral finance (BF) is a field that has grown during the past two decades in part as a reaction to the phenomena described above. Using a variety of methods researchers have documented systematic biases (e.g., underreaction, overreaction, etc.) that occur among professional investors... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14246632 |
Quantitative behavioral finance Experiments by Caginalp, Porter and Smith (1998) confirmed that doubling the level of cash, for example, while maintaining constant number of shares essentially doubles the magnitude of the bubble. Using the differential equations to predict experimental markets as they evolved also prov... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14246632 |
Quantitative behavioral finance If one can subtract out the valuation as it varies in time, one can study the remaining behavioral effects, if any. An early study along these lines (Caginalp and Greg Consantine) studied the ratio of two clone closed-end funds. Since these funds had the same portfolio but traded indepen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14246632 |
Quantitative behavioral finance This interpretation is inconsistent with EMH but is consistent with asset flow differential equations (AFDE) that incorporate behavioral concepts with the finiteness of assets. Research continues on efforts to optimize the parameters of the asset flow equations in order to forecast near ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14246632 |
Service release premium A service release price (SRP) is the payment received by a lending institution, such as a bank or retail mortgage lender, on the sale of a closed mortgage loan to the secondary mortgage market. The secondary mortgage market purchaser is typically a Wall Street investment bank, Fannie Mae, Freddi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14269019 |
Journal of Econometrics The is a scholarly journal in econometrics. It was first published in 1973. Its current editors are A. Ronald Gallant, John Geweke, Cheng Hsiao, and Peter M. Robinson. The journal publishes work dealing with estimation and other methodological aspects of the application of statistical inference ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14274597 |
Feldstein–Horioka puzzle The is a widely discussed problem in macroeconomics and international finance, which was first documented by Martin Feldstein and Charles Horioka in a 1980 paper. Economic theory assumes that if investors can easily invest anywhere in the world, acting rationally they would invest in countries ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14280089 |
Feldstein–Horioka puzzle Similarly, savers as savers would show no preference for investing within their own country, but would lend to foreign investors and would not need to lend domestically. For example, a saver in France would have no incentive to invest in the French economy, but would invest in the economy which... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14280089 |
Regulatory News Service The (RNS) transmits regulatory and non-regulatory information published by companies and organisations allowing them to comply with local market transparency legislation. It is owned by the London Stock Exchange and distributes over 70% of UK company news and results announcements and over 40% o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14289681 |
Backus–Kehoe–Kydland puzzle In economics, the Backus–Kehoe–Kydland consumption correlation puzzle, also known as the BKK puzzle, is the observation that consumption is much less correlated across countries than output. In an Arrow–Debreu economy, i.e. an economy with a complete set of state-contingent markets, country-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14290091 |
Backus–Kehoe–Kydland puzzle The others are the home bias in trade puzzle, the equity home bias puzzle, the Feldstein-Horioka savings-investment correlations puzzle, the purchasing power and exchange rate disconnect puzzle, and the Baxter-Stockman neutrality of exchange rate regime puzzle. It is also related to the Back... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14290091 |
International Journal of Political Economy The is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes scholarly research on political economics. The journal was formerly published as "International Journal of Politics". Many of the articles are English translations of scholarly work from around the world. Article themes in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14290998 |
Green job Green jobs or green-collared jobs are, according to the United Nations Environment Program, "work in agricultural, manufacturing, research and development (R&D), administrative, and service activities that contribute(s) substantially to preserving or restoring environmental quality. Specifically, but not excl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14300289 |
Green job Under the green jobs domain education, training, and public awareness are also included. These jobs seek to enforce regulations, support education, and increase public influence for the benefit of the environment. Green jobs can also be termed sustainability jobs, eco jobs or environmental jobs. This list is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14300289 |
Green job Use science and maths to design and develop electric automobile technology. They then undertake evaluations with respect to measure the safety, efficiency, cost, reliability, and safety of these aforementioned designs. An Electric Car Engineer is just one of a number of possible jobs in the electric vehicle i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14300289 |
Green job Environmental Consultants are often employed to ensure environmental legislation is being adhered to during construction projects. Listed as one of the top ten fastest growing green jobs in Australia in 2018. Measure risk and develop, oversee, implement and monitor legislation which governs public health for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14300289 |
Green job The growth of these jobs along with Conservation Officer jobs in the US is predicted to be around 6 per cent (in line with average occupation growth) from 2016 to 2026 Design buildings (they can be homes, offices, schools, hospitals, or any other type of building) that in their design, construction or operati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14300289 |
Green job A growing industry for example, has seen job creation and on the job training by a non-profit called GRID Alternatives Responsible for growing food in a city or heavily populated town. Green roof tops can provide locally sourced foods that help protect the environment by reducing the use of pesticides, fossil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14300289 |
Green job Eco-innovation drives the creation of environmental jobs worldwide. It simultaneously increases labor productivity and wages while increasing energy and environmental production efficiency. In 2018 Australia generated 21 per cent of its total power from renewables and this sector accounted for more than 20,00... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14300289 |
Green job The Thought Leadership Series by the Copenhagen Climate Council published a report in 2009, stating that Japanese solar PV manufacturers represent 26% of the global market and that the solar industry is able to operate without dependence on subsidies. According to a report by the International Renewable Energ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14300289 |
Green job The shift from fossil fuels to renewables will be mirrored by US employment as workers turn away from jobs like coal mining and towards green jobs. This is made evident by a report published by the Bureau of Land Management published April 17, 2017 that states wind turbine service technicians are currently an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14300289 |
Green job Individuals and companies were able to apply credit for investments in green energy technologies including solar, fuel cell and wind energy technology The ITC has been extended multiple times, most recently in 2015 through a multi-year extension that will maintain the 30% return up until 2019, afterward decre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14300289 |
Green job Secondly, due to the 2013 Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act the federal government "discontinued measuring all green jobs" which makes tracking job growth extremely difficult. Although it is unclear if President Obama met his 5 million jobs goal, there was significant growth under his administ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14300289 |
Green job Trump placed a hold on grants distributed through the EPA that could amount to $4 billion per year. The measure was recanted days later, but Trump has proclaimed his intent to “drastically cut the EPA.” Myron Ebell, a former member of the Trump transition team, when asked about United States Environmental Pro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14300289 |
Green job Methods on the approach target business that produce green goods and services and include special employer surveys, aggregate data gathering on employment and wages, and tabulations that distinguish between occupation and industry. Data collection and upkeep on Green Goods and Services (GGS) jobs has been dis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14300289 |
Green job Some of the programs also provide supportive assistance with childcare and transportation to overcome barriers to employment. (MTTP) provides job training opportunities specifically to low-income, job insecure 18-24 year-olds who have a high school degree or GED. In 2009, secure full-time salaries of twice th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14300289 |
Green job According to a journal in the Ecology Law Quarterly published in 1992, white people disproportionately occupy green jobs since said jobs address environmental concerns not confronted by low-income people and people of color. Environmental lawyers (who are disproportionately white, middle- and upper-class) foc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14300289 |
Green job A small number of environmental organizations have a diversity manager, diversity committee, or collaborate with low-income or ethnic organizations. Environmental organizations rarely recruit from minority-serving institutions, minority professional gatherings, and other pipelines with talented minorities. Mi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14300289 |
Green job For the forest sector, the Team of Specialists (ToS) from the Food and Agriculture Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) mapped out potential green jobs in the forest sector. The ToS identified 19 fields of activities with 30 examples of forestry... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14300289 |
Equity home bias puzzle The is the term given to describe the fact that individuals and institutions in most countries hold only modest amounts of foreign equity. This is since observed returns on national equity portfolios suggest substantial benefits from international diversification. The home bias in equities was f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14311702 |
Equity home bias puzzle The home bias, which was prevalent in the 1970s and 1980s, is still present in emerging market countries, but there are some recent data showing some support for the decline in the equity home bias in developed market countries. The benefit from holding a more equally diversified portfolio of do... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14311702 |
Equity home bias puzzle The effect of an increase in trade and the development of the Internet support the hypothesis about information immobility as well as information asymmetry. In some countries, like Belgium, holding stocks of foreign companies implies a double taxation on dividends, once in the country of the com... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14311702 |
European Economic Association The (EEA) is a professional academic body which links European economists. It was founded in the mid-1980s. Its first annual congress was in 1986 in Vienna and its first president was Jacques Drèze. The current president is Eliana La Ferrara. The Association currently has around 3000 membe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14314512 |
Home bias in trade puzzle The is a widely discussed problem in macroeconomics and international finance, first documented by John T. McCallum in an article from 1995. McCallum showed that for the United States and Canada, inter-province trade is 20 times larger than international trade, holding other determinants of tr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14323856 |
National Market System The (NMS) is the national system for trading equities in the United States. The System includes all the facilities and entities which are used by broker-dealers to fulfill trade orders for securities. This includes: The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Office of the Comptroller of Curre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14331789 |
Basis of accounting A basis of accounting is the time various financial transactions are recorded. The cash basis (EU VAT vocabulary "Cash accounting") and the accrual basis is the two primary methods of tracking income and expenses in accounting. Both can be used in a range of situations, from the accounts of a whole ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14332621 |
Basis of accounting Under the "earlier-of test", an accrual basis taxpayer receives income when (1) the required performance occurs, (2) payment therefor is due, or (3) payment therefor is made, whichever happens earliest. Under the earlier of test outlined in Revenue Ruling 74–607, an accrual basis taxpayer may be tre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14332621 |
Key market Key markets are markets that are essential for extending a company's market position, its economic growth and its globalization in a sustainable way. The concept is necessarily not a sharp one, rather, it may depend on company-specific cost-effectiveness or profitability thresholds. Key markets may also only... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14338759 |
Autoregressive conditional duration In financial econometrics, an autoregressive conditional duration (ACD, Engle and Russell (1998)) model considers irregularly spaced and autocorrelated intertrade durations. ACD is analogous to GARCH. Indeed, in a continuous double auction (a common trading mechanism in many financia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14346064 |
Ricardo J. Caballero Ricardo Jorge Caballero (born 20 October 1959) is a Chilean macroeconomist who holds the Ford International chair of economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is a director of the World Economic Laboratory at MIT and an NBER Research Associate. Caballero received his PhD from MIT i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14346174 |
Hicks-neutral technical change is change in the production function of a business or industry which satisfies certain economic neutrality conditions. The concept of Hicks neutrality was first put forth in 1932 by John Hicks in his book "The Theory of Wages". A change is considered to be Hicks neutral if the change does... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14348925 |
Shared Check Authorization Network (SCAN) is a comprehensive database of bad check writers in the United States. The database is used by retailers in order to reduce the number of bad checks received. The database keeps track of those who have written outstanding bad checks to any retailer using the system, and retaile... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14363774 |
Official function An official function is either an event, such as a convention, that has an official purpose for one's employment, vocation or profession-whether run by a person, institution or governmental agency-or an official duty. Attending events with official purposes is one of the duties of many persons in many... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14372472 |
Value-in-use is the net present value (NPV) of a cash flow or other benefits that an asset generates for a specific owner under a specific use. In the U.S., it is generally estimated at a use which is less than highest-and-best use, and therefore it is generally lower than market value. When a particular user enjoys sp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14389650 |
Income bracket is the bandwidth from a basic wage towards all possible salary components and is used to give employees a career perspective and to give the employer the possibility to reward achievements. In governmental terms, entire populations are divided into income brackets. These brackets are used to categorize d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14390456 |
Generalized Ozaki cost function In economics the generalized-Ozaki cost is a general description of cost described by Shuichi Nakamura. For output "y", at date "t" and a vector of "m" input prices "p", the generalized-Ozaki cost, "c", is In econometrics it is often desirable to have a model of the cost of production of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14394227 |
Generalized Ozaki cost function This means they can be expressed as a function, and that function can be broken into an outer part and an inner part. The inner part will appear once as a term in the outer part, and the inner part will be monotonically increasing, or to say it another way, it never goes down. However, e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14394227 |
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