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Icarus paradox This is reflected in the construction of the Maginot Line to protect France's borders from invasion by Germany. Unfortunately, this defence proved futile in stopping the Blitzkrieg attacks. So in effect, the lessons they gleaned from World War I led them to tragedy in World War II. As strategic frames be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15033749 |
Icarus paradox Manufacturing routines made quality the first priority (and cost a distant fifth) while the product development process sacrificed speed and thrift to get the product specs 100% right every time. Compaq's quality-at-any-price processes served the company well in the early days of the PC industry when cus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15033749 |
Icarus paradox These relationships can make or break a company—think of Microsoft and Intel or Wal-Mart and Procter & Gamble. Over time, however, maintaining these established relationships shackles a firm and limits its flexibility to act appropriately, especially when market conditions change. These relationships bec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15033749 |
Icarus paradox Their strategy was to acquire local banks, retain the managers and grant them enough freedom to run their businesses. This encouraged the managers to be more entrepreneurial and attentive to environmental changes. As the banking industry was deregulated and consolidated, Banc One started to struggle. The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15033749 |
Icarus paradox Strong values can elicit fierce loyalty from employees, strengthen the bonds between a company and its customers, attract like-minded partners, and hold together a company's far-flung operations. These entrenched beliefs define how they see themselves and the firm. However, as companies mature, these val... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15033749 |
Icarus paradox Laura Ashley's commitment to traditional values of modesty initially appealed to many women but lost their appeal as more women entered the workforce. The company, however, continued to pursue the old-fashioned designs that represents their fossilised core values, leading to their irreversible decline. D... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15033749 |
Icarus paradox Taylor's brand of rationality recommends the separation of the conception of work to its actual execution – the management assume control of work processes and methods and the employees simply carry out their given tasks. These tasks should be spliced into small portions requiring minimal training or kno... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15033749 |
Icarus paradox Making optimal use of information technology does not mean using computers for everything. Until more intelligent technology is invented that can handle complexity, the most effective organisations are not the ones with the most advanced and comprehensive information systems but the ones that recognise t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15033749 |
Icarus paradox Their main rival was Goodyear, also based in Akron, Ohio, and a few other leading US tire producers. Firestone saw their challenge as simply keeping up with the steadily increasing demand for tires. Strategy: The company's culture and operations reflected Harvey Firestone, Sr.’s vision, who treated custo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15033749 |
Icarus paradox They had already dominated the European market and were soon going to dominate US markets as well, which Firestone very well knew. Their large operations in Europe had seen how quickly the market embraced radial tires in the 1960s, so they immediately invested almost $400m in radial production, building ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15033749 |
Icarus paradox Their plants were running at 59% capacity and they started renting warehouses to store unsold stocks. They also made costly product recalls that damaged their reputation. Firestone's domestic tire business lost over $200m in cash. Eventually, Firestone lost most of their market share to foreign firms and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15033749 |
Icarus paradox Apparel manufacturing was also transformed by the fall of trade barriers – fashion houses were moving production offshore or outsourcing it entirely in order to cut costs. However, Laura Ashley continued with the out-dated designs and expensive production processes that had served it so well in the past.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15033749 |
Icarus paradox It also suffered from its highly autocratic management. As a result of this, return on assets fell to less than 8% and marketshare in copiers came down sharply from 86% in 1974 to just 17% in 1984. Between 1980 and 1984, Xerox's profits decreased from $1.15 billion to $290 million. In 1982, David T. Kear... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15033749 |
Phanes Press is a New Age book publishing imprint of Red Wheel Weiser Conari. was founded by David Fideler in 1985 to publish Neoplatonic and other esoteric texts. One of its representative and more significant publications was "The Pythagorean Sourcebook" translated by Kenneth Sylvan Guthrie issued in 1987. The compan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15049058 |
Times interest earned (TIE) or interest coverage ratio is a measure of a company's ability to honor its debt payments. It may be calculated as either EBIT or EBITDA divided by the total interest expense. formula_1 When the interest coverage ratio is smaller than one, the company is not generating enough cash from its o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15066644 |
Policy mix The policy mix is the combination of a country's monetary policy and fiscal policy. These two channels influence growth and employment, and are generally determined by the central bank and the government (e.g., the United States Congress) respectively. Ideally, the policy mix should aim at maximizing growth ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15106272 |
James D. Hamilton James Douglas Hamilton (born November 29, 1954) is an American econometrician currently teaching at University of California, San Diego. His work is especially influential in time series and energy economics. He received his PhD from the University of California, Berkeley in 1983. His research goes in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15106523 |
Duvet day A duvet day is a formal allowance of time off given by some employers, most commonly in the United Kingdom and United States. It differs from holiday allowance in that no prior notice is needed. Employees receive an allocation of days where if they do not want to go to work for any reason they can use a duvet... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15124552 |
Gross regional domestic product (GRDP) or gross domestic product of region (GDPR) is a statistic that measures the size of a region's economy. It is the aggregate of gross value added (GVA) of all resident producer units in the region, and analogous to national gross domestic product. The GRDP includes regional estimat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15132436 |
Scandinavian hydrogen highway partnership The is a collaboration started in June 2006 to connect the hydrogen highways hydrogen link network (Denmark), Hyfuture (Sweden) and Hynor (Norway). The planned highway is part of the hydrogen infrastructure, there are several hydrogen re-fueling stations planned along the route... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15141981 |
French auction A ("Offre à Prix Minimal", formerly "Mise en Vente") is a multiple-price auction used for pricing initial public offerings. In this offering, the firm announces a minimum (reserve) price. Investors place sealed bids for quantity and price. When the bids are in, the firm negotiates a minimum and maximum p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15165203 |
Like for like (LFL) growth is a measure of growth in sales, adjusted for new or divested businesses. This is a widely used indicator of retailers' current trading performance. The adjustment is important in businesses that show a significant dynamic of expansion, disposals or closures. To compare sales figures from dif... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15165327 |
Present value of revenues auction A present value of revenues auction, sometimes called a least present value of revenues auction, is a method of awarding contracts in which the bids are for the total present value of cash flows from the project. The lowest bid wins, and the winner collects user fees until the present ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15190382 |
Scarecrow Video is an independently owned, non-profit video sales and rental store. It is one of just two video rental stores still operating in the Seattle city limits after the closure of the 32-year-old Video Isle store in January 2019. The other is Reckless Video in Seattle's Maple Leaf neighborhood. Scarecrow offe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15222425 |
Scarecrow Video From the beginning the store was known as a welcome, open place for film lovers to find rare titles and be greeted by Latsios's trademark "Hello, my friend." Celebrity patrons are rumored to include Quentin Tarantino, Bridget Fonda, Courtney Love, Winona Ryder, Directors John Woo and Bernardo Bertolucci... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15222425 |
Scarecrow Video Today, continues to operate its video rental store business in its original Seattle location with the added mission of maintaining “full public access” to its extensive media collection. Scarecrow now offers free community film screenings in its private screening room, a weekly children’s story hour at ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15222425 |
Theoretical ex-rights price (TERP) is a situation where the stock and the right attached to the stock is separated. TERP is a calculated price for a company's stock shares after issuing new rights-shares with the assumption that all these newly issued shares are taken up by the existing shareholders. The consequence wo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15232431 |
Structuralist economics is an approach to economics that emphasizes the importance of taking into account structural features (typically) when undertaking economic analysis. The approach originated with the work of the Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA or CEPAL) and is primarily associated with its director R... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15259112 |
Structuralist economics This included the recognition of: More recent contributions to structuralist economics have highlighted the importance of institutions and distribution across both productive sectors and social groups. These institutions and sectors may be incorporated macroeconomic or multisectoral models. At t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15259112 |
Absorption (economics) In economics, absorption is the total demand for all final marketed goods and services by all economic agents resident in an economy, regardless of the origin of the goods and services themselves. As the absorption is equal to the sum of all domestically-produced goods consumed locally and all im... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15262498 |
Loan credit default swap index The loan credit default swap index (LCDX) is a loan-only credit default swap index created by CDS Index Company (CDSIndexCo). The LCDX index is a tradeable index with 100 equally weighted underlying single-name loan-only credit default swaps (LCDS). Sixteen major financial institutions, J... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15291119 |
Atlantique City Antiques Show Atlantique City Antiques & Collectibles Show was New Jersey's largest and longest running indoor antiques show. Founded in 1986, it is held in the Atlantic City Convention Center, in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Atlantique City was founded as an antique toy show by Norman Schaut, a former Ne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15297922 |
Frederick Macaulay Frederick Robertson Macaulay (August 12, 1882 – March 1970) was a Canadian economist of the Institutionalist School. He is known for introducing the concept of bond duration. Macaulay's contributions also include a mammoth empirical study of the time series behavior of interest rates published in 193... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15308904 |
List of Marxian economists This is an alphabetical list of notable Marxian economists, that is, experts in the social science of economics that follow and develop Marxian economic theory. The list also includes some economic sociologists who have written from a Marxian perspective. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15313576 |
Implied level of government service The implied level of government service is the value of government benefits and services provided a person, partnership, corporation, or other legal entity over a given period of time, including the proportional value of general governmental expenses and social welfare costs. The imp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15322296 |
Implied level of government service As long as the assessment calculation is logical and proportional, the assessment would be related to an implied level of government service. The concept of implied level of government service is related to the benefits principle of equity, where the proceeds of a tax are directly al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15322296 |
Equity of condition in tax law and governmental spending is the economic condition, often arbitrary, that political leaders believe a person should be in after governmental social engineering and redistribution of wealth. The award or redistribution of wealth to the recipients overrides, substantially, any natural righ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15322877 |
Rational economic exchange also called goods exchange economy is an economic transaction where goods or services are transferred from the provider for a return of relative value (compensation) from the receiver in a manner that advances the economic interests of both parties. is implied in voluntary economic transactio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15323014 |
Advanced capitalism In political philosophy, particularly Frankfurt School critical theory, advanced capitalism is the situation that pertains in a society in which the capitalist model has been integrated and developed deeply and extensively and for a prolonged period. The expression "advanced capitalism" distinguishe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15327261 |
Staple financing The term staple financing describes a form of investment banks pre-arranged financing package offered to potential bidders during an acquisition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15329661 |
Developmentalism is an economic theory which states that the best way for less developed economies to develop is through fostering a strong and varied internal market and imposing high tariffs on imported goods. is a cross-disciplinary school of thought that gave way to an ideology of development as the key strategy to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15333261 |
Developmentalism To those professed ends, developmentalism was the paradigm used in an attempt to reverse the negative impact that the international economy was having on developing countries in the 1950s–60s, at the time during which Latin American countries had begun to implement import substitution strategies. Using... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15333261 |
Developmentalism The end of Second World War catalyzed massive national liberation movements throughout Africa and Asia: these movements were a threat to the United States, in its fear that communism would take root in newly established independent nations. Therefore, these movements towards liberation became a top pri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15333261 |
Developmentalism As noted by Naomi Klein, “[d]uring this dizzying period of expansion, the Southern Cone began to look more like Europe and North America than the rest of Latin America or other parts of the Third World.” Workers in new factories formed strong unions that negotiated middle-class salaries, and their chil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15333261 |
Developmentalism This school of thought produced such works as Talcott Parsons and Edward Shils's "Toward A General Theory of Action"; Clifford Geertz's "Old Societies and New States"; and Donald L.M. Blackmer and Max F. Millikan's "The Emerging Nations". The model of developmentalism proved to have two major reasons f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15333261 |
Developmentalism In the wake of the 2008-2012 Great Recession, the notion of developmentalism has somehow started to resurface, this time amongst "populist" politicians in the developed world, in association with some degree of mercantilism. In that perspective, the 'under-developed' jurisdictions that need to be prote... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15333261 |
Developmentalism aid programme, and created norms and statistics for international donors. The implementation of developmentalist ideologies has been critiqued in multiple lights, both by the right and by the left. is often accused by the left (though not only by the left) of having an ideology of neocolonialism at its... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15333261 |
Developmentalism Developmentalist strategies often implicate that history is on a unilateral path of evolution towards development, and that cultural derivations have little implication in the final product. From the right, critics say that developmentalist strategies deny the free market its autonomy. By creating a st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15333261 |
Selling climax refers to the decrease in value of stock or bond prices because investors panic all at once. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15343915 |
Casual employment (contract) Casual employment or contract employment is an employment classification under employment law. In Australian workplace law whereby an employee is paid at a higher hourly rate (usually 25%) in lieu of having their employment guaranteed, and lacking other usual full-time employment conditions... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15374420 |
Casual employment (contract) If there are mutual obligations which continue between periods of work, there will be an ongoing employment relationship" Under "Lee v Minor Developments Ltd t/a Before Six Childcare Centre" (2008), the Employment Court outlined the following characteristics as those the courts use to asses... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15374420 |
Paris Bourse crash of 1882 The was a stock market crash in France, and was the worst crisis in the French economy in the nineteenth century. The crash was triggered by the collapse of l'Union Générale in January. Around a quarter of the brokers on the bourse were on the brink of collapse. The closure of the exchange wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15374659 |
Paris Bourse crash of 1882 Immediately after the crash, the bank’s founder attributed its downfall to conspiratorial aims of Jewish-German banks and Freemasons, intent on destroying banks which backed conservative, Catholic political agendas. It is now generally accepted that there was no conspiracy to destroy the bank... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15374659 |
Macroregion A macroregion is a geopolitical subdivision that encompasses several traditionally or politically defined regions or countries. The meaning may vary, with the common denominator being cultural, economical, historical or social similarity within a macroregion. The term is often used in the context of globali... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15389216 |
Benefit shortfall When the actual benefits of a venture are less than the projected or estimated benefits, the result is known as a benefit shortfall. If, for instance, a company is launching a new product or service and projected sales are 40 million dollars per year, whereas actual annual sales turn out to be only 30... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15411327 |
Warren Samuels Warren Joseph Samuels (September 14, 1933 – August 17, 2011) was an American economist and historian of economic thought. He received a BBA from University of Miami, Miami, FL and obtained his Ph.D. from University of Wisconsin–Madison. After holding academic posts in the University of Missouri, Georgia ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15411525 |
National Algae Association The is a United States non-profit algae production trade organization for commercially minded algae researchers, algae producers and equipment companies. Created in January 2008 and headquartered in Houston, Texas, the association seeks to co-ordinate research and development efforts for comm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15440181 |
Financial repression comprises "policies that result in savers earning returns below the rate of inflation" in order to allow banks to "provide cheap loans to companies and governments, reducing the burden of repayments". It can be particularly effective at liquidating government debt denominated in domestic currency. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15468281 |
Financial repression , government efforts to "ensure the health of an entire financial system. "played an important role in reducing debt-to-GDP ratios after World War II" by keeping real interest rates for government debt below 1% for two-thirds of the time between 1945 and 1980, the United States was able to "inflate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15468281 |
Financial repression Select pension funds have also been transferred to governments in France, Portugal, Ireland and Hungary, enabling them to re-allocate toward sovereign bonds." Critics argue that if this view was true, investors (i.e., capital-seeking parties) would be inclined to demand capital in large quantities ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15468281 |
Financial repression Also, financial repression has been called a “stealth tax” that "rewards debtors and punishes savers—especially retirees" because their investments will no longer generate the expected return, which is income for retirees. "One of the main goals of financial repression is to keep nominal interest r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15468281 |
Receivables turnover ratio Receivable Turnover Ratio or Debtor's Turnover Ratio is an accounting measure used to measure how effective a company is in extending credit as well as collecting debts. The receivables turnover ratio is an activity ratio, measuring how efficiently a firm uses its assets. Formula: formula_1 A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15482790 |
Carnegie School The was a so-called "Freshwater" economics intellectual movement in the 1950s and 1960s based at Carnegie Mellon University and led by Herbert A. Simon, James March, and Richard Cyert. The focus of the research was on organizational behavior and the application of decision analysis, management science, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15494028 |
Manufacturer's Certificate of Origin A (MCO), also known as a Manufacturer’s Statement of Origin (MSO), is a specified document certifying the country of origin of the merchandise required by certain foreign countries for tariff purposes, it sometimes requires the signature of the consulate of the country to which it i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15496259 |
Financial roadshows A financial roadshow is a series of meetings across different cities in which top executives from a company have the opportunity to talk with current or potential investors. They can range from two or three days in one country or continent to marathon, three week trips to financial centers around th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15500558 |
Friendraising is a form of fundraising that involves befriending an organization or individual for the purpose of supporting the financial aspect of a charity, nonprofit group or other community benefit organization. Relationship fundraising, which is characterized as a fundraising approach that focuses on the developm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15511179 |
Friendraising Those friendships are the key to building sustainable efforts to improve the quality of life in our communities". Some ideals friendraising may uphold for optimal success involve polite persistence, passion, and a plan. Controversy stems from incidents where the organization exercises undue influence over... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15511179 |
Metropolitan thesis The metropolitan thesis, is one of the dominant schools in Canadian historical thought. The basic argument of the school states that the driving force in Canadian history has been the nation's metropolitan areas. These originally included the imperial capitals of Paris (before 1763) and London (afte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15560002 |
Metropolitan thesis Careless entitled "Frontierism, Metropolitanism, and Canadian History". Careless argues that the developing eastern centres of commerce and industry controlled and oversaw the development of the Canadian nation. The metropolitan school studied "the effects of the East on the West, and largely regard... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15560002 |
AREMOS was a data management and econometrics software package released by Global Insight. It was most popular in the late 1980s and 1990s, when it was used by leading economists. Developed as a DOS application by Wharton Econometric Forecasting Associates - WEFA now IHS Markit, it has gone through many iterations. Tho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15560341 |
Target income sales In cost accounting, target income sales are the sales necessary to achieve a given target income (or targeted income). It can be measured either in units or in currency (sales proceeds), and can be computed using contribution margin similarly to break-even point: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15580702 |
Hourly worker An hourly worker or hourly employee is an employee paid an hourly wage for their services, as opposed to a fixed salary. Hourly workers may often be found in service and manufacturing occupations, but are common across a variety of fields. Hourly employment is often associated but not synonymous with at-w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15586447 |
Indices of economic freedom A number of indicators of economic freedom are available for review. They differ in the methods by which they have been constructed, the purposes to which they have been put, and the conception of economic freedom they embody. The Index of Economic Freedom is a series of 12 economic measurem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15586994 |
Indices of economic freedom Its use stems in part from the longer time period covered (data exists from 1980–2008), and the fact that this index is constructed from third party information (in contrast to the index created by the Heritage Foundation). According to this index, the cornerstones of economic freedom are pe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15586994 |
Indices of economic freedom One is produced by Bibek Debroy, Shubashis Gangopadhyay and Laveesh Bhandari and places weight on measures of both positive freedom and negative freedom. The other is an adaption of the Fraser Institute measure produced by the Rajiv Gandhi Institute for Contemporary Studies. In the 2016 Inde... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15586994 |
Amortising swap An is usually an interest rate swap in which the notional principal for the interest payments declines (i.e. is paid down) during the life of the swap, perhaps at a rate tied to the prepayment of a mortgage or to an interest rate benchmark such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (Libor). It is the opp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15607737 |
Marginal use As defined by the Austrian School of economics the marginal use of a good or service is the specific use to which an agent would put a given increase, or the specific use of the good or service that would be abandoned in response to a given decrease. The useful"ness" of the marginal use thus corresponds to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15628625 |
The Case Against the Fed is a 1994 book by Murray N. Rothbard taking a critical look at the United States Federal Reserve, fractional reserve banking, and central banks in general. It details the history of fractional reserve banking and the influence that bankers have had on monetary policy over the last few centuries... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15634653 |
Net (economics) A net (sometimes written nett) value is the resultant amount after accounting for the sum or difference of two or more variables. In economics, it is frequently used to imply the remaining value after accounting for a specific, commonly understood deduction. In these cases it is contrasted with the term... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15645247 |
Christodoulos Neophytou (, born 29 May 1950) is a Cypriot economist who was born in Famagusta and now lives in London UK. He studied Applied Economics in London. Institute Of Marketing London, IAH. Yacht Master RYA UK. He was a candidate for the 2008 Cypriot presidential elections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15653800 |
Noise: The Political Economy of Music is a book by French economist and scholar Jacques Attali concerning the role of music in the political economy. Attali's essential argument in "Noise: The Political Economy of Music" (French title: "Bruits: essai sur l'economie politique de la musique") is that music, as a cultural... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15656432 |
Noise: The Political Economy of Music These stages are each linked to a certain "mode of production"; that is to say, each of these stages carries with it a certain set of technologies for producing, recording and disseminating music, and also concomitant cultural structures that allow for music's transmission and rece... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15656432 |
Noise: The Political Economy of Music During this era, Attali characterizes music as being a spectacle that is contrasted to silence—think of the hushed anticipation that greets the professional performer in the concert hall. During this era, music also becomes separated from the human life-world: no longer the purview... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15656432 |
Noise: The Political Economy of Music The artist was born, at the same time that his work went on sale…" (Attali, 46-47) Repeating refers to the era of recorded and broadcast sound—roughly 1900 AD-present. During this period, notation (which could be thought of as a highly coded, written guide to how music should be so... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15656432 |
Noise: The Political Economy of Music First produced as a way of preserving its trace, it instead replaced it as the driving force of the economy of music… for those trapped by the record, public performance becomes a simulacrum of the record: an audience generally familiar with the artist’s recordings attends to hear ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15656432 |
Noise: The Political Economy of Music While many readers consider this to be influenced by electronic musical techniques such as sampling, remixing and electronic manipulation (which were common in 1985 when the English translation was published), it is doubtful that they would have influenced Attali given that "Noise"... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15656432 |
Environmental and Resource Economics ("ERE") is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering environmental economics published monthly in three volumes per year. It is the official journal of the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists. Since 1991, it has had a growing influence upon the field of Env... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15676289 |
Mithqal Mithqāl () is a unit of mass equal to 4.25 grams which is mostly used for measuring precious metals, such as gold, and other commodities, like saffron. The name was also applied as an alternative term for the gold dinar, a coin that was used throughout much of the Islamic world from the 8th century onward and s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15685558 |
Cammarano v. United States Cammarano v. United States, 358 U.S. 498 (1959), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that business may not deduct expenses they incurred for the "promotion or defeat of legislation" as "ordinary and necessary" business expenses on their federal income tax filing. I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15710783 |
COCIR is the European Coordination Committee of the Radiological, Electromedical and Healthcare IT Industry. It is a non-profit trade association, which was founded in 1959, and represents the medical technology industry in Europe. Since 2006 headquarters are located in Brussels. In 2007, Heinrich von Wulfen became its... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15717827 |
European Medical Devices Industry Group The (EMIG) is a non-profit trade association, and represents the medical devices industry in Europe as defined by the European Union Medical Devices Directives (93/42/EEC). Karen Howes is the current chair person of EMIG. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15717960 |
Effective marginal tax rate The effective marginal tax rate (EMTR) is the combined effect on a person's earnings of income tax and the withdrawal of means testing of state welfare benefits. The EMTR is the percentage of an extra unit of income (extra dollar, euro, yen etc.) that the recipient loses due to income taxes,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15728486 |
Commodity swap A commodity swap is a type of swap agreement whereby a floating (or market or spot) price based on an underlying commodity is traded for a fixed price over a specified period. The vast majority of commodity swaps involve oil. Many airline and rail companies enter oil commodity swap deals in order to secu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15733262 |
Producer Price Index (India) The Indian Wholesale Price Index (WPI) was first published in 1902, and was used by policy makers until it was replaced by the Producer Price Index (PPI) in 1978. The Wholesale Price Index (WPI) is the index used to measure the changes in the average price level of goods traded in wholesale... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15734463 |
Recursive economics is a branch of modern economics based on a paradigm of individuals making a series of two-period optimization decisions over time. The neoclassical model assumes a one-period utility maximization for a consumer and one-period profit maximization by a producer. The adjustment that occurs within that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15743436 |
Recursive economics The recursive paradigm originated in control theory with the invention of dynamic programming by the American mathematician Richard E. Bellman in the 1950s. Bellman described possible applications of the method in a variety of fields, including Economics, in the introduction to his 1957 book. Stuart... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15743436 |
Recursive economics This book led to dynamic programming being employed to solve a wide range of theoretical problems in economics, including optimal economic growth, resource extraction, principal–agent problems, public finance, business investment, asset pricing, factor supply, and industrial organization. The approa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15743436 |
Variable prepaid forward contract A Prepaid Variable Forward contract (PVF) is an investment strategy that allows a shareholder with a concentrated stock holding to generate liquidity for diversification or other purposes. Additionally, the shareholder will receive cash in hand without paying the capital gains taxes th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15744505 |
International Futures (IFs) is a global integrated assessment model designed to help in thinking strategically and systematically about key global systems (economic, demographic, education, health, environment, technology, domestic governance, infrastructure, agriculture, energy and environment) housed at the Frederick... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15761387 |
International Futures IFs has three main functions, all connected to its conceptual treatment of integrated assessment forecasts: data analysis, scenario analysis, and display. The data analysis section of IFs represents a collection of over 2,000 data series from all major international data gatherers. It is constantl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15761387 |
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