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Elasticity of complementarity (Hamermesh, 1993) is the percentage responsiveness of relative factor prices to a 1 percent change in relative inputs. Given the production function formula_1 then the elasticity of complementarity is defined as The inverse of elasticity of complementarity is elasticity of substitution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19229442 |
Arbejdsmarkedets Tillægspension (ATP) is a supplementary (income-related) pension in Denmark, and is Denmark's largest lifelong pension plan. Citizens of Denmark become eligible for ATP payments as soon as they turn 65 years old. was amended into law on March 7, 1964. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19229690 |
Crummey trust In the United States a (named for the first person to use such a structure. see: "Crummey et al. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue", 397 F.2d 82, (9th Cir.1968) is a trust for the benefit of individuals into which gifts are made in a manner qualifying them for exclusion from the unified gift and estate ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19243193 |
Crummey trust However, since the recipient had the opportunity to receive the funds outside of the trust, the gift is deemed to be a present interest, subjecting it to the annual exclusion. The expectation of future annual gifts under the same mechanism (or the expectation of the withholding of such future gifts if the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19243193 |
Crummey trust If executed properly the beneficiaries will receive the proceeds of the life insurance trust free of income or estate taxes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19243193 |
Outline of economics The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to economics: Economics – analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. It aims to explain how economies work and how economic agents interact. Economics can be described as all of the following: E... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19280607 |
Office 2.0 Conference The is an annual conference coordinated by Ismael Ghalimi on the subject of Office 2.0, "focused heavily on using collaborative Web technologies to increase productivity gains and business agility". The first conference was in 2006 and the next is scheduled for 2009. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19284782 |
Forward premium anomaly The forward premium anomaly in currency markets (also referred to as the forward premium puzzle or the Fama puzzle) refers to the well documented empirical finding that the domestic currency appreciates when domestic nominal interest rates exceed foreign interest rates. This is why some perceive... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19285391 |
Social safety net The social safety net (SSN) consists of non-contributory assistance existing to improve lives of vulnerable families and individuals experiencing poverty and destitution. Examples of SSNs are non-contributory social pensions, in-kind and food transfers, conditional and unconditional cash transfers, fe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19287564 |
Social safety net The social safety net is a club good, which follows from it being excludable but non-rival. Following the already mentioned analogy, the circus artist may be "excluded" from using the safety net if someone decides that she will not be allowed to have one, but her falling into the safety net does not i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19287564 |
Social safety net These programs were intended to restructure the economies of developing countries, and these countries introduced social safety nets to reduce the impact of the programs on the poorest groups. The increased importance of SSN over the last decades is also shown in UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SD... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19287564 |
Social safety net These are the Mediterranean countries (Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece), Continental countries (Luxembourg, Germany, France, Belgium, Austria), Anglo-Saxon countries (United Kingdom and Ireland), and Nordic countries (Sweden, Finland, Denmark + Netherlands). Building on this, Boeri assesses the abiliti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19287564 |
Social safety net Despite these numbers, the World Bank claim that the real numbers are probably even higher. Still, the biggest challenge prevails in the poorest countries. Only 20% of the poorest inhabitants in low-income countries are included in SSNs. Consequently, the smallest decreases in poverty and inequality a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19287564 |
Target surplus represents the amount of additional capital held by a financial institution beyond the regulatory requirements in order to ensure that the chances of breaching capital adequacy or solvency requirements are significantly reduced. Adelphi University graduate Chris Nocera is often credited with first implem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19298632 |
Embrace (non-profit) Embrace is a non profit organization providing low-cost incubators to prevent neonatal deaths in rural areas in developing countries. The organization was developed in 2008 during the multidisciplinary Entrepreneurial Design For Extreme Affordability course at Stanford University by group members J... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19318108 |
Embrace (non-profit) At a ceremony at BAFTA in London on December 3rd 2013 Jane Chen, Linus Liang, Naganand Murty and Rahul Panicker won an innovation award from the Economist. Embrace also partners with UniversalGiving to raise fund for its project, which is to provide the Embrace infant warmers in Kabul, Afghanistan. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19318108 |
Solar Energy (journal) Solar Energy is a peer-reviewed scientific journal and the official journal of the International Solar Energy Society (ISES). It is devoted exclusively to the science and technology of solar energy applications; covering research on solar energy such as photovoltaics and solar heating, but also i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19328599 |
Meltdown Monday is a term used by some financial news outlets to describe Mondays with large losses in financial markets. In the late 1980s, and early 1990s, the term was used most often in reference to October 19, 1987, which later became known as Black Monday 1987 (a reference to the older term with a similar meaning... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19338380 |
Dual Work Exchanger Energy Recovery The (DWEER) is an energy recovery device. In the 1990s developed by DWEER Bermuda and licensed by Calder AG for use in the Caribbean. Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) needs high pressure and some of the reject stream can be reused by using this device. According to Calder AG, 97% of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19341001 |
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on sustainable energy. It is published in 12 issues per year by Elsevier and the editor-in-chief is Aoife M. Foley (Queen’s University Belfast). According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2018 impact fac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19343913 |
Captive unit A captive unit is a business unit of a company functioning offshore as an entity of its own while retaining the work and close operational tie ups within the parent company. is one way of establishing presence in cheap labour markets such as China and India rather than outsourcing work to third party compa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19350143 |
Manual labour (in British English, manual labor in American English) or manual work is physical work done by humans, in contrast to labour by machines and working animals. It is most literally work done with the hands (the word "manual" comes from the Latin word for hand) and, by figurative extension, it is work done w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19389176 |
Manual labour Thus there is a partial but significant correlation between manual labour and unskilled or semiskilled workers. Based on economic and social conflict of interest, people may often distort that partial correlation into an exaggeration that "equates" manual labour with lack of skill; with lack of any potent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19389176 |
Manual labour ) It has also always been the case that there was a large amount of manual labour to be done; and that much of it was simple enough to be successfully (if not masterfully) done by unskilled or semiskilled workers, which has meant that there have always been plenty of people with the potential to do it. Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19389176 |
Manual labour There has always been a tendency among people of the higher gradations of social class to oversimplify the [partial] correlation between manual labour and lack of skill (or need for skill) into one of equivalence, leading to dubious exaggerations such as the notion that anyone who worked physically could ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19389176 |
Manual labour Social systems of every ideological persuasion, from Marxism to syndicalism to the American Dream, have attempted to achieve a successfully functioning classless society in which honest, productive manual labourers can have every bit of social status and power that honest, productive managers can have. Hu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19389176 |
Manual labour At the lowest extreme, such distortion produces subtler forms of racism and "de facto" (but not "de jure") inequality of opportunity. The more plausible the deniability, the easier the rationalisation and perpetuation. For example, as inequality of opportunity and racism grow smaller and subtler, their ap... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19389176 |
Manual labour Learners acquire a systematic and procedural view of tasks, based on the specific parameters and needs of a job's intended outcome. The parameters are defined by the purpose of the job and the tools used to achieve it. Hair styling, for example, requires learners to gain competence in the methods of shapi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19389176 |
Manual labour The understanding of technique and method taken from formal training is expanded on in developing contextual application, situational awareness, and innovation based skills. Informal learning provides workers with opportunities of cognitive development unique to their field's context.That knowledge of con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19389176 |
Manual labour Mechanisation occurred first in tasks that required either little dexterity or at least a narrow repertoire of dextrous movements, such as providing motive force or tractive force (locomotives; traction engines; marine steam engines; early cars, trucks, and tractors); digging, loading, and unloading bulk ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19389176 |
Manual labour Today, although businesses can no longer get away with using "de jure" slavery, economic competition ensures that they will typically try to buy labour at the lowest possible cost or to reduce the need for it through mechanisation and automation. Various present-day methods of ensuring low labour costs ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19389176 |
Manual labour Here, the low wages are often credibly justified by the inexperience and incomplete training of the worker. The domestic labour market may also extend beyond "normal" workers to various kinds of employing prisoners (e.g., penal labour, work release). Even military employment, most especially by conscripti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19389176 |
Manual labour One characteristic of offshoring and worker migration that is especially useful to businesses is that they can provide employers with (fuzzy-boundaried) subpopulations of inexpensive workers without resorting to biological-inheritance-based rationalisations (such as racial slavery, feudalism and aristocra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19389176 |
Manual labour Military enlistment (whether conscription, other mandatory service, or volunteer service) shares some similarities with penal labour when viewed from this perspective, in that it may synergistically provide (1) discount labour for a government or its contractors at the same time that it also provides (2) ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19389176 |
Corporations Canada is the government agency of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada responsible for incorporation of Canadian businesses and "corporate laws governing federal companies, except for financial intermediaries". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19391159 |
Mark to model Mark-to-Model refers to the practice of pricing a position or portfolio at prices determined by financial models, in contrast to allowing the market to determine the price. Often the use of models is necessary where a market for the financial product is not available, such as with complex financial instru... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19429912 |
Mark to model Another shortcoming of mark-to-model is that even if the pricing models are accurate during typical market conditions there can be periods of market stress and illiquidity where the price of less liquid securities declines significantly, for instance through the widening of their bid-ask spread. The failu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19429912 |
United States v. Phellis United States v. Phellis, 257 U.S. 156 (1921), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court, which held that shares in a subsidiary corporation issued to stockholders in the parent corporation were taxable as income. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19454201 |
Marginal profit In microeconomics, marginal profit is the increment to profit resulting from a unit or infinitessimal increment to the quantity of a product produced. Under the marginal approach to profit maximization, to maximize profits, a firm should continue to produce a good or service up to the point where margin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19466946 |
Vernon Wesley Ruttan (1924–2008) was a well-known development economist at the University of Minnesota, where he was Regents Professor Emeritus in the Departments of Economics and Applied Economics. Ruttan's research focused on agricultural development, induced innovation, technical change and productivity growth, inst... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19489002 |
Vernon Wesley Ruttan The state of relative endowments and accumulation of the two primary resources, land and labor, is a critical element in determining a viable patterns of technical change in agriculture. Agriculture is characterized by much stronger constraints of land on production than most other sectors of the e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19489002 |
Vernon Wesley Ruttan He was elected as a member in the National Academy of Sciences in 1990. Ruttan also received honorary degrees from Rutgers University, Purdue University, and Christian Albrechts University of Kiel. Ruttan received the U.S. Department of Agriculture Distinguished Service Award and the Alexander von ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19489002 |
Securities turnover excise tax A securities turnover excise tax (STET) is a small tax on every stock, swap, derivative, or other trade. It has been levied historically in the United States and has been proposed more recently as a way to reduce speculation in financial markets. In the United States, the STET was used to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19517702 |
National Propane Gas Association The (NPGA) is a U.S. trade organization representing the 3,500 companies in the propane industry. NPGA provides training standards for energy industry professionals, and it has compiled studies safety incidents relating to the transportation, distribution and usage of this fuel. NPGA wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19527615 |
Price discovery The price discovery process (also called price discovery mechanism) is the process of determining the price of an asset in the marketplace through the interactions of buyers and sellers. The futures and options market serve all important functions of price discovery. The individuals with "better informa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19528635 |
Price discovery Now, only recently-discovered prices may be used, to stop companies from overvaluing their assets. Each night (or reporting period), they have to take a recently-discovered market price, obtained from two or more market observers. Recent changes in market regulations, since the collapse of Lehman Brothe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19528635 |
Price discovery In illiquid markets, price discovery might take place at a predefined auction time or even whenever participant wants to trade. In such cases there may be no executions for days or months. In such examples there is no price discovery for long periods so the last traded price is used. This can have signi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19528635 |
Price discovery is used in speculative markets which affect traders, manufacturers, exporters, farmers, oil well owners, refineries, governments, consumers, and speculators. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19528635 |
Consumption–possibility frontier The CPF, or consumption–possibility frontier, is the budget constraint where participants in international trade can consume. Under autarky this constraint is identical to the production–possibility frontier. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19534523 |
The Giant Pool of Money "The Giant Pool of Money" is an episode of the radio show "This American Life" which originally aired on May 9, 2008. The episode described to a general audience the causes and factors which led to the subprime mortgage crisis. Specifically, the show aimed to show the chain of people who were "p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19535688 |
The Giant Pool of Money After some background on what caused a shift in capital to mortgages, which they hypothesize to be Alan Greenspan's keeping fed funds rates low during the early 2000s (decade), the show moves to Mike Francis, a Wall Street financier who worked at Morgan Stanley. From there, the show describes "a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19535688 |
The Giant Pool of Money In February 2009, Adam Davidson and Alex Blumberg were awarded the Polk Award for the episode. Chicago Public Radio's "This American Life" and National Public Radio, News Division won a Peabody Award for the episode, calling it "impressive for the arresting clarity of its explanation of the fina... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19535688 |
Market integration occurs when prices among different locations or related goods follow similar patterns over a long period of time. Groups of goods often move proportionally to each other and when this relation is very clear among different markets it is said that the markets are integrated. Thus, market integration i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19546380 |
Unified growth theory was developed in light of the failure of endogenous growth theory to capture key empirical regularities in the growth processes and their contribution to the momentous rise in inequality across nations in the past two centuries. Unlike earlier growth theories that have focused entirely on the mode... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19557663 |
Unified growth theory The theory captures the fundamental phases of the process of development: (i) the Malthusian epoch that was prevalent over most of human history, (ii) the escape from the Malthusian trap, (iii) the emergence of human capital as a central element in the growth process, (iv) the onset of the fertili... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19557663 |
Unified growth theory The theory further suggests that variations in biogeographical characteristics, as well as cultural and institutional characteristics, have generated a differential pace of transition from stagnation to growth across countries and consequently divergence in their income per capita over the past tw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19557663 |
Unified growth theory The theory suggests that the Malthusian pressure, via the forces of natural selection, have shaped the composition of the human population. Traits that were complementary to the technological environment generated higher level of income, and therefore higher reproductive success, and the gradual p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19557663 |
Ahmad El Najjar Ahmad Elnaggar ( ) is the economist who pioneered the formation of the Islamic Banking system by setting up the Mit Ghamr Savings Bank in Egypt in 1963. This took the form of a savings bank based on profit-sharing in the Egyptian town of Mit Ghamr. The experiment lasted until 1967, by which time there w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19575518 |
Maverick National Bank The was a bank in East Boston, Massachusetts, established in 1854. and failed on October 31, 1891. The bank had extended large loans to its president, Asa P. Potter, who used the funds for speculative investments. Much litigation followed the bank's failure, including "Beal v. National Exchange B... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19586202 |
Zero-intelligence trader A zero-intelligence trader (ZI) is a simple algorithmic trader in a market based on the dumb agent theory who proposes to purchase (bid) or to sell (ask) randomly, subject only to minimal constraints. Constraints might be resource or bankruptcy constraints imposed externally by the rules of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19594637 |
Zero-intelligence trader Performance of markets populated with ZI traders has also served as a benchmark to compare the performance of various market and other social institutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19594637 |
Department of Forest Conservation (Sri Lanka) The Department of Forest Conservation (Sinhala: වන සංරක්ෂණ දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව "Vana Sanrakshana Departhamenthuwa") is a non-ministerial government department responsible for forestry in Sri Lanka. Its mission is to protect and expand Sri Lanka's forests and woodlands. The head... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19600470 |
IOU An (abbreviated from the phrase "I owe you") is usually an informal document acknowledging debt. An differs from a promissory note in that an is not a negotiable instrument and does not specify repayment terms such as the time of repayment. IOUs usually specify the debtor, the amount owed, and sometimes the credito... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19613312 |
MOH cost Manufacturing overhead costs (MOH cost) are all manufacturing costs that are related to the cost object (work in process and then finished goods) but cannot be traced to that cost object in an economically feasible way. Examples include supplies, indirect materials such as lubricants, indirect manufacturing la... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19616239 |
Issue number An issue number to the account number (also known as PAN Sequence Number) is featured on certain debit cards, primarily United Kingdom ones such as Switch and Maestro as well as German girocards. Because the bulk of the account number is determined by the sort code and the bank account number, the card num... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19632918 |
Economic satiation The economic principle of satiation is the effect whereby the more of a good one possesses the less one is willing to give up to get more of it. This effect is caused by diminishing marginal utility, the effect whereby the consumer gains less utility per unit of a product the more units of a product ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19636313 |
Trade Information Warehouse The is a service offering of the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation's Deriv/SER, and is described by DTCC as "a centralized and secure global infrastructure for processing over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives over their life cycle". It is purported to be the security industry's only repos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19647416 |
Irancode is the Iranian national products and services classification and codification system. It enables producers and distributors to identify, classify and codify their products and services. Iran is implementing this bar code system across the country in order to facilitate e-commerce and tax collection. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19647571 |
Matching theory (economics) In economics, matching theory, also known as search and matching theory, is a mathematical framework attempting to describe the formation of mutually beneficial relationships over time. Matching theory has been especially influential in labor economics, where it has been used to describe the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19649433 |
Matching theory (economics) A matching function is a mathematical relationship that describes the formation of new relationships (also called 'matches') from unmatched agents of the appropriate types. For example, in the context of job formation, matching functions are sometimes assumed to have the following 'Cobb–Doug... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19649433 |
Matching theory (economics) (For simplicity, we are ignoring the entry of new workers into the labor force, and death or retirement of old workers, but these issues can be accounted for as well.) Suppose we write the number of workers employed in period formula_6 as formula_12, where formula_13 is the labor force in pe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19649433 |
Brazilian cruzado novo The Cruzado Novo was the short-lived currency of Brazil between 15 January 1989 and 15 March 1990. It replaced the cruzado in the rate of 1000 cruzados = 1 cruzado novo. It had the symbol formula_1 and the ISO 4217 code "BRN". In 1990, the cruzado novo was renamed the (third) cruzeiro. This curre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19654554 |
Engineers Without Borders (Palestine) Engineers Without Borders (EWB) Palestine (or EWB-Palestine) is a Palestine-based registered charity and NGO. Its mission is to "partner with Palestinian disadvantaged communities to improve their quality of life through the implementation of environmentally and economically sustai... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19713842 |
Neil De Marchi (born 1938), is an Australian economist and historian of economic thought and is a Professor at Duke University. De Marchi specializes in both teaching and research that pertains to the history of economic ideas and the history of markets, and also the functioning of markets with a specific focus on art ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19729430 |
Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics The (ABCDE) is an annual conference on development economics held by the World Bank. The first conference was held in 1988 in Washington, USA. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19734378 |
Proebsting's paradox In probability theory, is an argument that appears to show that the Kelly criterion can lead to ruin. Although it can be resolved mathematically, it raises some interesting issues about the practical application of Kelly, especially in investing. It was named and first discussed by Edward O. Thorp ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19739736 |
Proebsting's paradox He showed that if a gambler is offered 2 to 1 odds, then 4 to 1, then 8 to 1 and so on (2 to 1 for "n" = 1 to infinity) Kelly says to bet: each time. The sum of all these bets is 1. So a Kelly gambler has a 50% chance of losing his entire wealth. In general, if a bettor makes the Kelly bet on a 50/... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19739736 |
Proebsting's paradox That doesn't mean he cannot lose more than $1 million. If he buys $1 million of the stock at $20 and it goes to $10, he can buy another $500,000. If it then goes to $5, he can buy another $500,000. If it goes to zero , he can lose an infinite amount of money, despite never having more than $1 milli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19739736 |
Proebsting's paradox What the paradox says, essentially, is that if a Kelly bettor has incorrect beliefs about what future bets may be offered, he can make suboptimal choices, and even go broke. The Kelly criterion is supposed to do better than any essentially different strategy in the long run and have zero chance of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19739736 |
Proebsting's paradox In the original formulation, the bettor has 0.25 bet at 2 to 1 and 0.225 bet at 5 to 1. If he wins, he gets 2.625 and if he loses he has 0.525. In the second formulation, the bettor has 0.875 and 0.35 bet at 5 to 1. If he wins, he gets 2.625 and if he loses he has 0.525. The second formulation make... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19739736 |
Title-transfer theory of contract The title-transfer theory of contract (TTToC) is a legal interpretation of contracts developed by economist Murray Rothbard and jurist Williamson Evers. The theory interprets all contractual obligations in terms of property rights, viewing a contract as a bundle of title transfers. The... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19745258 |
Title-transfer theory of contract Another example is a service provision contract in which the service consumer transfers a future title of money to a service provider "on the condition" that a certain act of service is performed. If the service is not provided the condition of the transfer is not met and the condition... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19745258 |
Title-transfer theory of contract Some argue that since ownership of one's body is unalienable, voluntary slavery contracts are not binding under the TTToC. Promises that are not made with the intention of being legally binding are also non-enforceable under the TTToC. http://www.bu.edu/rbarnett/some.htm | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19745258 |
Comparison between U.S. states and sovereign states by GDP per capita This is a comparison between U.S. states and countries' per capita gross domestic product. The U.S. is not counted as a whole in the overall rank because this would be double counting since the states of the U.S. are being compared to other countries... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19747840 |
Rehn–Meidner model The is an economic and wage policy model developed in 1951 by two economists at the research department of the Swedish Trade Union Confederation (LO), Gösta Rehn and Rudolf Meidner. The four main goals to be achieved were: The model is based upon an interaction between Keynesian fiscal economics, rea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19756053 |
Rehn–Meidner model Unprofitable enterprises in the market were to be pushed toward what was known as the solidarity wage policy, with rising real wages in line with productivity growth, forcing them to improve their productive capacity in order to improve profitability, through measures such as structural adjustment as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19756053 |
Rehn–Meidner model research and development, rather than in capital gains and dividends, and partly in order for these corporations not to become unproductive and thereby risk bankruptcy, ensuring high productivity growth and rising real wages, and thereby full employment and an equal distribution of incomes, whilst in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19756053 |
Rehn–Meidner model The model was made possible and nations were incentivized to implement it through the Bretton Woods system, which was the name for the postwar international financial order that regulated currencies, exchange rates and capital flows, partly through the use of mutual capital controls, so as to allow n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19756053 |
Permanent interest bearing shares In finance, permanent interest bearing shares, or PIBS, are fixed-interest securities issued by building societies. PIBS become perpetual subordinated bonds if their issuer demutualises. Building societies use them in the way public limited companies use preference shares. Although sim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19761617 |
Economic graph The social science of economics makes extensive use of graphs to better illustrate the economic principles and trends it is attempting to explain. Those graphs have specific qualities that are not often found (or are not often found in such combinations) in other sciences. A common and specific example i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19769202 |
Economic graph For example, if "f"("x") is plotted against "x", conventionally "x" is plotted horizontally and the value of the function is plotted vertically. This placement is often, but not always, reversed in economic graphs. For example, in the supply-demand graph at the top of this page, the independent variable ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19769202 |
Economic graph Since the two different markets (the goods market and the money market) take as given different independent variables and determine by their functioning different dependent variables, necessarily one curve has its independent variable plotted horizontally and the other vertically. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19769202 |
List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, officially known as The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (Swedish: "Sveriges riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne"), is an award funded by Sveriges Riksbank a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19769679 |
Ministry of Economy (Portugal) The Ministry of Economy () is a Portuguese government ministry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19776392 |
Michigan Education Savings Program The (MESP) is a 529 savings plan that is administered by the Michigan Department of Treasury. Michigan residents who contribute to this plan can deduct up to $5,000 (up to $10,000 for joint filers) from their state income tax each year. MI State Matching Grants based on MESP contribut... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19778097 |
Internationalization Index is a criterion used by the United Nations to rank nations and companies in evaluating their degree of integration with the world economy. is calculated as the number of foreign affiliates divided by the number of all affiliates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19799680 |
Transnationality Index The (TNI) is a means of ranking multinational corporations that is employed by economists and politicians. It is calculated as the arithmetic mean of the following three ratios (where "foreign" means outside of the corporation's home country): The was developed by the United Nations Conference on... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19799715 |
Transnationality Index 9%) on the broader TNI scale. Peter Dicken, an honorary fellow of the School of Environment and Development at the University of Manchester, argues that TNI data refute the assertions of hyperglobalism. The data, he argues, prove false the claim that multinational corporations are "inexorably, an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19799715 |
H. C. Recktenwald Prize in Economics The was awarded to several academic economists from 1995 to 2004. It is named for Prof. Horst Claus Recktenwald, a German economist, and was endowed by his wife, Hertha Recktenwald, after his death. The committee to select the prize recipients is nominated by the President of Friedr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19803783 |
Goodwin model (economics) The Goodwin model, sometimes called Goodwin’s class struggle model, is a model of endogenous economic fluctuations first proposed by the American economist Richard M. Goodwin in 1967. It combines aspects of the Harrod–Domar growth model with the Phillips curve to generate endogenous cycles in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19809492 |
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