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Pink tide Economist from the University of Illinois Rafael Correa was elected as President of Ecuador in the 2006 presidential election following the harsh economic crisis and social turmoil that caused right-wing Lucio Gutiérrez resignation as President. Correa, a practicing Catholic influenced by liberation theology,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18776573 |
Pink tide Economic hardships occurred in countries such as Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela as oil and commodity prices declined and according to analysts because of their unsustainable policies. In regard to the economic situation, President of Inter-American Dialogue Michael Shifter stated: "The United States–Cuban Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18776573 |
Pink tide By the mid-2010s, "negative views of China were widespread" due to the substandard conditions of Chinese goods, unjust professional actions, cultural differences, damage to the Latin American environment and perceptions of Chinese interventionism. During 2018 and 2019, two new countries entered the Pink Tide,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18776573 |
Pink tide Origins of the term may be linked to a statement by Larry Rohter, a "New York Times" reporter in Montevideo who characterized the 2004 presidential election of Tabaré Vázquez as leader of Uruguay as "not so much a red tide [...] as a pink one". The term seems to be a play on words based on red tide (a biologi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18776573 |
Pink tide A 2007 report from the Inter Press Service news agency said how "elections results in Latin America appear to have confirmed a left-wing populist and anti-U.S. trend – the so-called "pink tide" – which [...] poses serious threats to Washington's multibillion-dollar anti-drug effort in the Andes". In 2014, Alb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18776573 |
Hall–Rabushka flat tax The is a flat tax proposal on consumption designed by American economists Robert Hall and Alvin Rabushka at the Hoover Institution. The involves taxing income but excluding investment. The may include an exemption, which allows the tax to preserve progressivity. In the United States, extensive ta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18779789 |
Project slippage In project planning, a slippage is the act of missing a deadline. It can be an arbitrary milestone put in place to help track progress. To avoid slippage, one must plan their projects (especially research) carefully to avoid delays in schedule. Using Gantt charts and timeline diagrams can help. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18781670 |
The Economy of Esteem is a book by Geoffrey Brennan and Philip Pettit describing the role of self-esteem and honour in the economy. It was published in 2005 by Oxford University Press. According to WorldCat, the book is held in 466 libraries It has been reviewed by in "Politics, Philosophy & Economics," by Bo Rothstein... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18789101 |
New Sunshine Project The (NSS) is a Japanese project to develop the technologies for new energy and global environment integrating the Sunshine, the Moonlight (Energy-saving technology R & D) and the Global Environment Technology Projects since 1993. It is the successor of the 1974 MITI Sunshine Project. The has multip... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18806829 |
Platform envelopment refers to one platform provider moving into another one's market, combining its own functionality with the target's, to form a multi-platform bundle. The markets which evolve rapidly are rich in enveloping opportunities and the companies in these markets are under the continuous threat of becoming ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18823258 |
Platform envelopment A network market consists of several players operating in various adjacent layers. In this kind of attack a player tries to gain a dominant position in the adjacent layer by bundling the services the adjacent layer player provides in its own offerings. Price a person is willing to pay for a bundle ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18823258 |
Deferred financing cost Deferred financing costs or debt issuance costs is an accounting concept meaning costs associated with issuing debt (loans and bonds), such as various fees and commissions paid to investment banks, law firms, auditors, regulators, and so on. Since these payments do not generate future benefits, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18842464 |
Loanable funds In economics, the loanable funds doctrine is a theory of the market interest rate. According to this approach, the interest rate is determined by the demand for and supply of loanable funds. The term "loanable funds" includes all forms of credit, such as loans, bonds, or savings deposits. The loanable fu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18863745 |
Loanable funds 222), one cannot say "that the rate of interest equalises planned savings and planned investment, for it obviously does not do that. How, then, is the height of the interest rate determined. The answer is that the rate of interest is simply the price of credit, and that it is therefore governed by the su... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18863745 |
Loanable funds Keynesian liquidity preference theory determines interest and income using two separate equilibrium conditions, namely, the equality of saving and investment, formula_7 and the equality of money demand and money supply, formula_8 This is the familiar IS-LM model. Like the classical approach, the IS-LM mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18863745 |
Implied repo rate (IRR) is the rate of return of borrowing money to buy an asset in the spot market and delivering it in the futures market where the notional is used to repay the loan. formula_1 where dayBase is 365 or 360 To determine the cheapest bond in a basket of deliverable bonds against a futures contract, impl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18876336 |
Household plot is a legally defined farm type in all former socialist countries in CIS and CEE. This is a small plot of land (typically less than 0.5 hectares) attached to a rural residence. The household plot is primarily cultivated for subsistence and its traditional purpose since the Soviet times has been to provide... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18901060 |
Household plot This Russian terminology was universally accepted in all former Soviet countries until the early 1990s, but a certain terminological divergence has since emerged in the newly independent states. For instance, in Uzbekistan the traditional household plots are now called dehkan farms and in Ukraine the Rus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18901060 |
Household plot 2% in 1920, while the field economy declined from 62.6% to 39.3% in the same period. Market gardening continued to develop during the 1920s. The mass collectivization decree of January 1930 made no mention of garden plots, and in many areas the local Communist authorities abolished them. But in March 193... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18901060 |
Household plot The government, alarmed by this `resurgence of private capitalism', passed legislation to contain it in 1939, but it continued to play an important role in agriculture. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18901060 |
Fischer assay The is a standardized laboratory test for determining the oil yield from oil shale to be expected from a conventional shale oil extraction. A 100 gram oil shale sample crushed to <2.38 mm is heated in a small aluminum retort to at a rate of 12°C/min (22°F/min), and held at that temperature for 40 minutes.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18915587 |
Financial Services Regulatory Authority of Ontario The (FSRA; ) is a self-funding Crown agency which acts as the financial regulator for the province of Ontario, Canada. Established in 2016, FSRA officially succeeded its predecessor agencies – the Financial Services Commission of Ontario and the Deposit Insurance Corpo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18920844 |
Superclass (book) Superclass: The Global Power Elite and the World They Are Making is a book about global governance by American author David Rothkopf, released in March 2008 by publisher Farrar, Straus and Giroux. The book claims that the world population of 6 billion people is subject to the immense influence of an e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18930957 |
Scarcity is the limited availability of a commodity, which may be in demand in the market or by the commons. also includes an individual's lack of resources to buy commodities. The opposite of scarcity is abundance. refers to a gap between limited resources and theoretically limitless wants. The notion of scarcity is t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18933400 |
Scarcity In an influential 1932 essay, Lionel Robbins defined economics as "the science which studies human behavior as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses". In cases of monopoly or monopsony an artificial scarcity can be created. can also occur through stockpiling, either as an att... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18933400 |
Scarcity Supply-induced and structural scarcity demands for resources cause the most conflict for a country. On the opposite side of the coin there are the nonscarce goods. These goods don't need to be valueless and some can even be indispensable for one's existence. As Frank Fetter explains in his Economic Principles:... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18933400 |
Wood economy The existence of a wood economy, or more broadly, a forest economy (in many countries a bamboo economy predominates), is a prominent matter in many developing countries as well as in many other nations with a temperate climate and especially in those with low temperatures. These are generally the countries... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18953129 |
Wood economy It necessarily preceded ages of metals by many millennia, as the melting of metals was possible only through the discovery of techniques to light fire (usually obtained by the scraping of two very dry wooden rods) and the building of many simple machines and rudimentary tools, as canes, club handles, bows,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18953129 |
Wood economy In 1998, the worldwide production of "Roundwood" (officially counted wood not used as firewood), was about , amounting to around 45% of the wood cultivated in the world. Cut logs and branches destined to become elements for building construction accounted for approximately 55% of the world's industrial woo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18953129 |
Wood economy The booming Brazilian ethanol economy based upon sugar cane cultivation, is likewise reducing forests area. Canadian forest was reduced by almost 30% to 3,101,340 km² over the same period. Regarding the problem of climate change, it is known that burning forests increase CO in the atmosphere, while intact ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18953129 |
Wood economy Since the 1960s, imported species of pine tree and eucalyptus have been grown mostly for the plywood and paper pulp industries. Currently high-level research is being conducted, to apply the enzymes of sugar cane fermentation to cellulose in wood, in order to obtain methanol, but the cost is much higher wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18953129 |
Wood economy Only (28% of Canadian forests) are currently managed for timber production while an estimated are protected from harvesting by the current legislation. The species that are ideal for the many uses in this type of economy are those employed by arboriculture, that are very well known for their features and t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18953129 |
Wood economy Now, more efficient and clean solutions have been developed: advanced fireplaces (with heat exchangers), wood-fired ovens, wood-burning stoves and pellet stoves, that are able to filter and separate pollutants (centrifuging ashes with rotative filters), thus eliminating many emissions, also allowing to rec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18953129 |
Wood economy Wood gas generator (gasogen): is a bulky and heavy device (but technically simple) that transforms burning wood in a mix of molecular hydrogen (H), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO), molecular nitrogen (N) and water vapor (HO). This gas mixture, known as "wood gas", "poor gas" or "syngas" is obtain... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18953129 |
Wood economy Methanol (the simplest alcohol) behaves as a liquid at 25 °C, is toxic and corrosive, and in organic chemistry basic books is often called "the spirit of wood", since it can be obtained from wood fermentation. Rarely, when unwise wine-makers mix small chunks of wood and leaves with grapes, methanol can be ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18953129 |
Wood economy A setback is the high fuel consumption, since the turbine engine has not the ability to work at a low revolutions per minute rate, much lower than ideal, and during the march this engine consumes twice as much fuel as a modern turbo-diesel engine with intercooler and direct injection. Wood is relatively li... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18953129 |
Wood economy In Japan, ancient buildings, of relatively high elevation, like pagodas, historically had shown to be able to resist earthquakes of high intensity, thanks to the traditional building techniques, employing elastic joints, and to the excellent ability of wooden frames to elastically deform and absorb severe ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18953129 |
Wood economy One of the most famous crisis of a wood-based economy is what happened in Classical Greece, where trees began to disappear specially in the areas of Attica, Boeotia and Peloponnesus where indiscriminate cutting of trees for several uses, associated to drought and wildfires led to a severe lack of timber in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18953129 |
Wood economy It has been calculated that after the year 1000, around 10 million palmtrees were cut in Rapa Nui, resulting in the erosion of the fertile land, and eventually to a desertification around the 15th century. (This deforestation may have also been aggravated and/or caused by a rat infestation). This provoked ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18953129 |
Lifestyling is the practice of reducing the risk of a pension or other investment as the end of the term approaches, typically by shifting to less volatile and lower risk investment funds. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18961285 |
Mathematical economics is the application of mathematical methods to represent theories and analyze problems in economics. By convention, these applied methods are beyond simple geometry, such as differential and integral calculus, difference and differential equations, matrix algebra, mathematical programming, and oth... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics This rapid systematizing of economics alarmed critics of the discipline as well as some noted economists. John Maynard Keynes, Robert Heilbroner, Friedrich Hayek and others have criticized the broad use of mathematical models for human behavior, arguing that some human choices are irreducible to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics More importantly, until Johann Heinrich von Thünen's "The Isolated State" in 1826, economists did not develop explicit and abstract models for behavior in order to apply the tools of mathematics. Thünen's model of farmland use represents the first example of marginal analysis. Thünen's work was l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics Augustin Cournot and Léon Walras built the tools of the discipline axiomatically around utility, arguing that individuals sought to maximize their utility across choices in a way that could be described mathematically. At the time, it was thought that utility was quantifiable, in units known as u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics Cournot's models of duopoly and Oligopoly also represent one of the first formulations of non-cooperative games. Today the solution can be given as a Nash equilibrium but Cournot's work preceded modern game theory by over 100 years. While Cournot provided a solution for what would later be called... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics Walras assumed that in equilibrium, all money would be spent on all goods: every good would be sold at the market price for that good and every buyer would expend their last dollar on a basket of goods. Starting from this assumption, Walras could then show that if there were n markets and n-1 mar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics The market would "clear" at that price—no surplus or shortage would exist. The word "tâtonnement" is used to describe the directions the market takes in "groping toward" equilibrium, settling high or low prices on different goods until a price is agreed upon for all goods. While the process appea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics Edgeworth devoted considerable effort to insisting that mathematical proofs were appropriate for all schools of thought in economics. While at the helm of "The Economic Journal", he published several articles criticizing the mathematical rigor of rival researchers, including Edwin Robert Anderson... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics From the later-1930s, an array of new mathematical tools from the differential calculus and differential equations, convex sets, and graph theory were deployed to advance economic theory in a way similar to new mathematical methods earlier applied to physics. The process was later described as mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics This broad view (for example, comparing Le Chatelier's principle to tâtonnement) drives the fundamental premise of mathematical economics: systems of economic actors may be modeled and their behavior described much like any other system. This extension followed on the work of the marginalists in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics The unique solution "λ" represents the rate of growth of the economy, which equals the interest rate. Proving the existence of a positive growth rate and proving that the growth rate equals the interest rate were remarkable achievements, even for von Neumann. Von Neumann's results have been viewe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics In mathematics, mathematical optimization (or optimization or mathematical programming) refers to the selection of a best element from some set of available alternatives. In the simplest case, an optimization problem involves maximizing or minimizing a real function by selecting input values of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics Economic equilibrium is studied in optimization theory as a key ingredient of economic theorems that in principle could be tested against empirical data. Newer developments have occurred in dynamic programming and modeling optimization with risk and uncertainty, including applications to portfoli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics Economists who conducted research in nonlinear programming also have won the Nobel prize, notably Ragnar Frisch in addition to Kantorovich, Hurwicz, Koopmans, Arrow, and Samuelson. Linear programming was developed to aid the allocation of resources in firms and in industries during the 1930s in R... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics "Economic dynamics" allows for changes in economic variables over time, including in dynamic systems. The problem of finding optimal functions for such changes is studied in variational calculus and in optimal control theory. Before the Second World War, Frank Ramsey and Harold Hotelling used the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics In introducing the Arrow–Debreu model in 1954, they proved the existence (but not the uniqueness) of an equilibrium and also proved that every Walras equilibrium is Pareto efficient; in general, equilibria need not be unique. In their models, the ("primal") vector space represented "quantities" w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics In particular, general equilibrium theorists used general topology, convex geometry, and optimization theory more than differential calculus, because the approach of differential calculus had failed to establish the existence of an equilibrium. However, the decline of differential calculus should... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics Their work thereby avoided the traditional differential calculus, for which the maximum–operator did not apply to non-differentiable functions. Continuing von Neumann's work in cooperative game theory, game theorists Lloyd S. Shapley, Martin Shubik, Hervé Moulin, Nimrod Megiddo, Bezalel Peleg inf... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics It has also given rise to the subject of mechanism design (sometimes called reverse game theory), which has private and public-policy applications as to ways of improving economic efficiency through incentives for information sharing. In 1994, Nash, John Harsanyi, and Reinhard Selten received the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics Starting from specified initial conditions, the computational economic system is modeled as evolving over time as its constituent agents repeatedly interact with each other. In these respects, ACE has been characterized as a bottom-up culture-dish approach to the study of the economy. In contrast... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics " Over the course of the 20th century, articles in "core journals" in economics have been almost exclusively written by economists in academia. As a result, much of the material transmitted in those journals relates to economic theory, and "economic theory itself has been continuously more abstra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics A student of Frisch's, Trygve Haavelmo published "The Probability Approach in Econometrics" in 1944, where he asserted that precise statistical analysis could be used as a tool to validate mathematical theories about economic actors with data from complex sources. This linking of statistical anal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics Mathematical economics, however, conventionally makes use of calculus and matrix algebra in economic analysis in order to make powerful claims that would be more difficult without such mathematical tools. These tools are prerequisites for formal study, not only in mathematical economics but in co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics This modeling may be informal or prosaic, as it was in Adam Smith's "The Wealth of Nations", or it may be formal, rigorous and mathematical. Broadly speaking, formal economic models may be classified as stochastic or deterministic and as discrete or continuous. At a practical level, quantitative ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics A corporate tax cut in this model is equivalent to a tax on capital. With taxes, firms look to maximize:formula_27where formula_28 is the capital tax rate, formula_29 is wages per worker, and formula_19 is the exogenous interest rate. Then the first-order optimality conditions become:formula_31Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics In the dynamic model, we may rewrite the equation for changes in taxes per worker with respect to the tax rate as:formula_44Recalling that formula_45, we have that:formula_46Using the Cobb-Douglas production function, we have that:formula_47Therefore, the dynamic effect of a capital tax cut on wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics The relevant quantity we want to calculate is formula_53"," which may be derived as:formula_54Therefore, we may use this to find that:formula_55Therefore, under a general CES model, the dynamic effect of a capital tax cut on wages is:formula_56We recover the Cobb-Douglas solution when formula_57.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics The relevant categories are listed below (simplified below to omit "Miscellaneous" and "Other" JEL codes), as reproduced from . "The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics" (2008, 2nd ed.) also uses the JEL codes to classify its entries. The corresponding footnotes below have links to abstracts of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics Sharing Popper's concerns about assumptions in economics generally, and not just mathematical economics, Milton Friedman declared that "all assumptions are unrealistic". Friedman proposed judging economic models by their predictive performance rather than by the match between their assumptions an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
Mathematical economics In particular, following the program of John von Neumann, game theory now provides the foundations for describing much of applied economics, from statistical decision theory (as "games against nature") and econometrics to general equilibrium theory and industrial organization. In the last decade,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18967255 |
The Everything Card The First National City Charge Service, marketed as The Everything Card, was an early credit card introduced by First National City Bank (now Citibank) in the eastern United States in 1967. It was intended as a response to the BankAmericard (today's Visa card), issued by BankAmerica. Issued under th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19011853 |
Phase dispersion minimization (PDM) is a data analysis technique that searches for periodic components of a time series data set. It is useful for data sets with gaps, non-sinusoidal variations, poor time coverage or other problems that would make Fourier techniques unusable. It was first developed by Stellingwerf in 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19033277 |
Phase dispersion minimization The bin variances are combined and compared to the overall variance of the data set. For a true period the ratio of the bin to the total variances will be small. For a false period the ratio will be approximately unity. A plot of this ratio versus trial period will usually indicate the bes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19033277 |
Process hazard analysis A process hazard analysis (PHA) (or process hazard evaluation) is a set of organized and systematic assessments of the potential hazards associated with an industrial process. A PHA provides information intended to assist managers and employees in making decisions for improving safety and reduci... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19046783 |
Process hazard analysis In the United States, the use of PHAs is mandated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in its process safety management regulation for the identification of risks involved in the design, operation, and modification of processes that handle highly hazardous chemicals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19046783 |
Real exchange-rate puzzles The real exchange-rate puzzles is a common term for two much-discussed anomalies of real exchange rates: that real exchange rates are more "volatile" and show more "persistence" than what most models can account for. These two anomalies are sometimes referred to as the "purchasing power parit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19062219 |
Real exchange-rate puzzles Since the volatility increases much more than what can be accounted for by changes in the domestic price levels, it means that the real-exchange-rate volatility increases. This is sometimes referred to as the «Mussa puzzle». Obstfeld and Rogoff (2000) identified the purchasing power and excha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19062219 |
Farm Credit of New Mexico is a FCS Agricultural Credit Association that provides New Mexico's farmers, ranchers, agricultural business, farm co-operatives and homeowners in rural communities with loans and banking services related to commercial and consumer needs. Headquartered in Albuquerque, it is the largest agricul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19064656 |
Gibbs lemma In game theory and in particular the study of Blotto games and operational research, the is a result that is useful in maximization problems. It is named for Josiah Willard Gibbs. Consider formula_1. Suppose formula_2 is maximized, subject to formula_3 and formula_4, at formula_5. If the formula_6 are diffe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19086266 |
Helly metric In game theory, the is used to assess the distance between two strategies. It is named for Eduard Helly. Consider a game formula_1, between player I and II. Here, formula_2 and formula_3 are the sets of pure strategies for players I and II respectively; and formula_4 is the payoff function. (in other words... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19088928 |
Helly metric A game that is conditionally compact in the has an formula_18-optimal strategy for any formula_27. If the space of strategies for one player is conditionally compact, then the space of strategies for the other player is conditionally compact (in their Helly metric). N. N. Vorob'ev 1977. "Game theory lectur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19088928 |
Indian Banks' Association is managed by a managing committee, and the current managing committee consists of one chairman, 3 deputy chairmen, 1 honorary secretary and 26 members.<br> On October 18 2019, State Bank of India's Chairman Mr. Rajnish Kumar was elected as the new chairman of IBA. Raj Kiran Rai, MD & CEO of U... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19106287 |
Strategic sustainable investing (SSI) is an investment strategy that recognizes and rewards leading companies that are moving society towards sustainability. SSI relies on a consensus-based scientific definition of sustainability, and the assumption that ‘"Backcasting from Principles of Sustainability"’, whereby a visi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19107140 |
Strategic sustainable investing This movement is reported in corporate social responsibility (CSR) and other extra-financial reports, but is also recorded in traditional areas of a firm's financial balance sheets. By incorporating sustainability investment and returns into traditional financial reporting, a clearer pic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19107140 |
Strategic sustainable investing A robust and well defined link must be made between movement towards sustainability and higher investment returns The SSI analysis tool addresses the first gap by measuring a company's strategy for addressing sustainability. It allows investors to recognize which companies are leading th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19107140 |
Strategic sustainable investing Next, prioritization colours are assigned to each sustainability issue: red for very high priority; orange for high priority; yellow for medium priority, and green for low priority according to its assessment in each of three categories: urgency, severity, and systematic contribution. "U... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19107140 |
Strategic sustainable investing The subject company's actions are seen through the lens of strategic sustainable development, and thus three questions are emphasized as a mental guideline: a. Does this action provide a competitive return on investment (ROI)? b. Is this action taking the subject company in the right dir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19107140 |
Simulations and games in economics education A simulation game is "a game that contains a mixture of skill, chance, and strategy to simulate an aspect of reality, such as a stock exchange". Similarly, Finnish author Virpi Ruohomäki states that "a simulation game combines the features of a game (competition, cooperation... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19133673 |
Simulations and games in economics education Both computerized and non-computer based simulation and games show significant levels of growth in education (see Lean, Moizer, Towler, and Abbey, 2006; Dobbins, Boehlje, Erickson and Taylor, 1995; Gentry, 1990;. Through a simulation game, students may participate directly i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19133673 |
Simulations and games in economics education To be consistent with economic theory, the simulation model should allow entry of new firms to occur as long as profits are greater than normal, and economic profits exist. The entry of new firms will decrease the market price, and eventually cause economic profits to return... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19133673 |
Simulations and games in economics education They would see, first hand, that their accounting profits will inevitably decline and move closer to normal profits. This experience provides students an opportunity to learn (as a supplement to the lecture and readings) the economic messages of monopolistic competition. In ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19133673 |
Journal of Accounting Research The is a leading peer-reviewed academic journal associated with the University of Chicago. It was established in 1963 and is published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Accounting Research Center (Formerly the Institute of Professional Accounting) at the University of Chicago Booth Scho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19152504 |
British Accounting Review The is an academic journal of the British Accounting and Finance Association that was established in 1969. Serving its purpose to educate and connect users, the "British Accounting Review" helps uphold the mission of the British Accounting and Finance Association. Even though the journals are ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19152553 |
Review of Accounting Studies The is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering all aspects of accounting. It was established in 1996 and is published by Springer Science+Business Media. The editor-in-chief is Russell Lundholm (Sauder School of Business). According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19152705 |
FitzPatrick 1932 is an early paper in the field of bankruptcy prediction. In a series of three articles in the monthly "The Certified Public Accountant" in 1932, Paul J. FitzPatrick presented data for 20 matched pairs of firms and discussed accounting ratios as indicators of bankruptcy. It is historically significant a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19166421 |
Nuclear Weapons: The Road to Zero is a 1998 book edited by Joseph Rotblat. The book is based on the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, and in particular on a detailed international study published in 1993 on the importance of, and practical mechanisms to, eliminate nuclear weapons. This monograph is a se... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19179639 |
Taxation in Argentina Due to the absence of the tax code in Argentina, the tax regulation takes place in accordance with separate laws, which, in turn, are supplemented by provisions of normative acts adopted by the executive authorities. The powers of the executive authority include levying a tax on profits, property ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19208982 |
Taxation in Argentina In addition to the basic provincial taxes, each of the 24 subjects has, on average, three taxes (fees), unique to it. These fees are levied on individuals and legal entities for industrial safety services, health protection, environmental protection, advertising, airspace, quality control, sanitar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19208982 |
Taxation in Argentina Taxpayers who are subject to taxation under the general regime are recognized as individuals or legal entities that pay the following taxes: profit tax, VAT, the minimum expected profit tax, personal property tax, and any other internal tax that is subject to collection and control by the Federal ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19208982 |
The Unfinished Twentieth Century In the 2001 book The Unfinished Twentieth Century, author Jonathan Schell suggests that an essential feature of the twentieth century was the development of humankind's capacity for self-destruction, with the rise in many forms of "policies of extermination". Schell goes on to suggest t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19214894 |
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