text stringlengths 11 1.65k | source stringlengths 38 44 |
|---|---|
John Stuart Mill According to the opening paragraphs of Chapter V of his autobiography, he had asked himself whether the creation of a just society, his life's objective, would actually make him happy. His heart answered "no", and unsurprisingly he lost the happiness of striving towards this objective. Eventually, the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill Mill's career as a colonial administrator at the British East India Company spanned from when he was 17 years old in 1823 until 1858, when the Company was abolished in favor of direct rule by the British crown over India. In 1836, he was promoted to the Company's Political Department, where he was resp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill Taylor was married when they met, and their relationship was close but generally believed to be chaste during the years before her first husband died in 1849. The couple waited two years before marrying in 1851. Brilliant in her own right, Taylor was a significant influence on Mill's work and ideas dur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill In 1866, Mill became the first person in the history of Parliament to call for women to be given the right to vote, vigorously defending this position in subsequent debate. Mill became a strong advocate of such social reforms as labour unions and farm cooperatives. In "Considerations on Representative ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill Laws were self-evident truths, which could be known without need for empirical verification. Mill countered this in 1843 in "A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, Being a Connected View of the Principles of Evidence, and the Methods of Scientific Investigation." In Mill's Methods of induction... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill All such harmful omissions may be regulated, according to Mill. By contrast, it does not count as harming someone if – without force or fraud – the affected individual consents to assume the risk: thus one may permissibly offer unsafe employment to others, provided there is no deception involved. (Mill... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill Second, by forcing other individuals to re-examine and re-affirm their beliefs in the process of debate, these beliefs are kept from declining into mere dogma. It is not enough for Mill that one simply has an unexamined belief that happens to be true; one must understand why the belief in question is t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill It was attempted in two ways: first, by obtaining recognition of certain immunities (called political liberties or rights) and second, by establishment of a system of "constitutional checks". However, in Mill's view, limiting the power of government was not enough. He stated: "Society can and does exec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill He cannot rightfully be compelled to do or forbear because it will be better for him to do so, because it will make him happier, because, in the opinion of others, to do so would be wise, or even right ... The only part of the conduct of anyone, for which he is amenable to society, is that which concer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill – yet if, in pursuance of that private judgement, though backed by the public judgement of his country or contemporaries, he prevents the opinion from being heard in its defence, he assumes infallibility. And so far from the assumption being less objectionable or less dangerous because the opinion is c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill If any argument is really wrong or harmful, the public will judge it as wrong or harmful, and then those arguments cannot be sustained and will be excluded. Mill argued that even any arguments which are used in justifying murder or rebellion against the government shouldn't be politically suppressed or... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill Mill, an employee for the British East India Company from 1823 to 1858, argued in support of what he called a "benevolent despotism" with regard to the colonies. Mill argued that "To suppose that the same international customs, and the same rules of international morality, can obtain between one civili... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill In Mill's essay of 1869, "The Subjection of Women", he expressed his opposition to slavery: This absolutely extreme case of the law of force, condemned by those who can tolerate almost every other form of arbitrary power, and which, of all others, presents features the most revolting to the feeling of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill In a letter sent to Appleton in response to a previous letter, Mill expressed his view on antebellum integration:I cannot look forward with satisfaction to any settlement but complete emancipation—land given to every negro family either separately or in organized communities under such rules as may be ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill In "The Subjection of Women" Mill attempts to make a case for perfect equality. He talks about the role of women in marriage and how it needed to be changed. There, Mill comments on three major facets of women's lives that he felt are hindering them: society and gender construction, education, and marr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill Jeremy Bentham's famous formulation of utilitarianism is known as the "greatest-happiness principle". It holds that one must always act so as to produce the greatest aggregate happiness among all sentient beings, within reason. In a similar vein, Mill's method of determining the best utility is that a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill " This statement brought about a bit of controversy, which is why Mill took it a step further, explaining how the very nature of humans wanting happiness, and who "take it to be reasonable under free consideration", demands that happiness is indeed desirable. In other words, free will leads everyone to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill Bentham treats all forms of happiness as equal, whereas Mill argues that intellectual and moral pleasures (higher pleasures) are superior to more physical forms of pleasure (lower pleasures). Mill distinguishes between happiness and contentment, claiming that the former is of higher value than the latt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill This is, perhaps, in direct contrast with Bentham's statement that "Quantity of pleasure being equal, push-pin is as good as poetry", that, if a simple child's game like hopscotch causes more pleasure to more people than a night at the opera house, it is more imperative upon a society to devote more re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill However he agrees that in general "Our moral faculty, according to all those of its interpreters who are entitled to the name of thinkers, supplies us only with the general principles of moral judgments". In the second chapter of his essay he focuses no longer on background information but Utilitariani... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill He believes in internal sanctions that make us experience guilt and appropriate our actions. These internal sanctions make us want to do good because we do not want to feel guilty for our actions. Happiness is our ultimate end because it is our duty. He argues that we do not need to be constantly motiv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill Mill believes that "justice must give way to some other moral principle, but that what is just in ordinary cases is, by reason of that other principle, not just in the particular case." The qualitative account of happiness that Mill advocates thus sheds light on his account presented in "On Liberty". A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill He frequently discusses the importance of acknowledgement of higher pleasures. "To suppose that life has (as they express it) no higher end than pleasure- no better and nobler object of desire and pursuit they designate as utterly mean and groveling; as a doctrine worthy only of swine". When he says hi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill A utilitarian society would agree that everyone should be equal one way or another. Therefore, receiving inheritance would put one ahead of society unless taxed on the inheritance. Those who donate should consider and choose carefully where their money goes – some charities are more deserving than othe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill His main objection of socialism was on that of what he saw its destruction of competition stating, "I utterly dissent from the most conspicuous and vehement part of their teaching – their declamations against competition." Mill was an egalitarian, but he argued more so for equal opportunity and placed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill In his three years in Parliament, he was more willing to compromise than the "radical" principles expressed in his writing would lead one to expect. was a massive proponent of the diffusion and use of public education to the working class. Mill saw the value of the individual person and he believed tha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill In "Principles of Political Economy" Mill offered an analysis of two economic phenomena often linked together: The laws of production and wealth and the modes of its distribution. Regarding the former, Mill believed that it was not possible to alter to laws of production, “the ultimate properties of ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
John Stuart Mill Mill’s solution to inequality of wealth brought about by inheritance was to implement a greater tax on inheritances, because he believed the most important authoritative function of the government is taxation, and taxation judiciously implemented could promote equality. Mill demonstrated an early insig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15626 |
Joseph Schumpeter Joseph Alois Schumpeter (; 8 February 1883 – 8 January 1950) was an Austrian political economist. He later emigrated to the US and, in 1939, he obtained American citizenship. He was born in Moravia, and briefly served as Finance Minister of German-Austria in 1919. In 1932, he became a professor at Har... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15827 |
Joseph Schumpeter In March 1919, he was invited to take office as Minister of Finance in the Republic of German-Austria. He proposed a capital levy as a way to tackle the war debt and opposed the socialization of the Alpine Mountain plant. In 1921, he became president of the private Biedermann Bank. He was also a board... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15827 |
Joseph Schumpeter He served as the faculty advisor of the Graduate Economics Club and organized private seminars and discussion groups. Some colleagues thought his views outdated by Keynesianism which was fashionable; others resented his criticisms, particularly of their failure to offer an assistant professorship to P... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15827 |
Joseph Schumpeter According to Christopher Freeman (2009), a scholar who devoted much time researching Schumpeter's work: "the central point of his whole life work [is]: that capitalism can only be understood as an evolutionary process of continuous innovation and 'creative destruction'". Schumpeter's scholarship is ap... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15827 |
Joseph Schumpeter It links every nation's money rates and price levels with the money-rates and price levels of all the other nations that are 'on gold.' However, gold is extremely sensitive to government expenditure and even to attitudes or policies that do not involve expenditure directly, for example, to foreign pol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15827 |
Joseph Schumpeter Schumpeter suggested a model in which the four main cycles, Kondratiev (54 years), Kuznets (18 years), Juglar (9 years) and Kitchin (about 4 years) can be added together to form a composite waveform. Actually there was considerable professional rivalry between Schumpeter and Kuznets. The wave form sug... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15827 |
Joseph Schumpeter One could divide economists among (1) those who emphasized "real" analysis and regarded money as merely a "veil" and (2) those who thought monetary institutions are important and money could be a separate driving force. Both Schumpeter and Keynes were among the latter. Schumpeter's most popular book i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15827 |
Joseph Schumpeter Parliaments will increasingly elect social democratic parties, and democratic majorities will vote for restrictions on entrepreneurship. Increasing workers' self-management, industrial democracy and regulatory institutions would evolve non-politically into "liberal capitalism". Thus, the intellectual ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15827 |
Joseph Schumpeter Furthermore, he claimed that even if the common good was possible to find, it would still not make clear the means needed to reach its end, since citizens do not have the requisite knowledge to design government policy. This made a 'rule by the people' concept both unlikely and undesirable. Instead he... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15827 |
Joseph Schumpeter For Schumpeter, the formation of a government is the endpoint of the democratic process, which means that for the purposes of his democratic theory, he has no comment on what kinds of decisions that the government can take in order to be a democracy. Schumpeter faced pushback on his theory from other ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15827 |
Joseph Schumpeter Many social economists and popular authors of the day argued that large businesses had a negative effect on the standard of living of ordinary people. Contrary to this prevailing opinion, Schumpeter argued that the agents that drive innovation and the economy are large companies which have the capital... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15827 |
Joseph Schumpeter These clusters lead to long cycles by generating periods of acceleration in aggregate growth. The technological view of change needs to demonstrate that changes in the rate of innovation governs changes in the rate of new investments, and that the combined impact of innovation clusters takes the form ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15827 |
Joseph Schumpeter He argued that technological innovation often creates temporary monopolies, allowing abnormal profits that would soon be competed away by rivals and imitators. These temporary monopolies were necessary to provide the incentive for firms to develop new products and processes. He was married three times... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15827 |
Joseph Schumpeter Schumpeter died in his home in Taconic, Connecticut, at the age of 66, on the night of 7 January 1950. For some time after his death, Schumpeter's views were most influential among various heterodox economists, especially European, who were interested in industrial organization, evolutionary theory, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15827 |
Joseph Schumpeter For instance, the European Union's innovation program, and its main development plan, the Lisbon Strategy, are influenced by Schumpeter. The International Joseph A. Schumpeter Society awards the Schumpeter Prize. The Schumpeter School of Business and Economics opened in October 2008 at the University ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15827 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (, ; ; 28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher, writer and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the development of modern political, economic and educational thought. His "Di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Since 1536, Geneva had been a Huguenot republic and the seat of Calvinism. Five generations before Rousseau, his ancestor Didier, a bookseller who may have published Protestant tracts, had escaped persecution from French Catholics by fleeing to Geneva in 1549, where he became a wine merchant. Rous... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau's father, Isaac, was not in the city at this time, but Jean-Jacques's grandfather supported Fatio and was penalized for it. The trade of watchmaking had become a family tradition by the time of Rousseau's father, Isaac Rousseau. Isaac followed his grandfather, father and brot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau She married Rousseau's father at the age of 31. Isaac's sister had married Suzanne's brother eight years earlier, after she had become pregnant and they had been chastised by the Consistory. The child died at birth. Later, the young Rousseau was told a romantic fairy-tale about the situation by th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Growing up around craftsmen, Rousseau would later contrast them favorably to those who produced more aesthetic works, writing "those important persons who are called artists rather than artisans, work solely for the idle and rich, and put an arbitrary price on their baubles". Rousseau was also exp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jean-Jacques was left with his maternal uncle, who packed him, along with his own son, Abraham Bernard, away to board for two years with a Calvinist minister in a hamlet outside Geneva. Here, the boys picked up the elements of mathematics and drawing. Rousseau, who was always deeply moved by relig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau In converting to Catholicism, both De Warens and Rousseau were likely reacting to Calvinism's insistence on the total depravity of man. Leo Damrosch writes: "An eighteenth-century Genevan liturgy still required believers to declare 'that we are miserable sinners, born in corruption, inclined to ev... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Rousseau had been an indifferent student, but during his 20s, which were marked by long bouts of hypochondria, he applied himself in earnest to the study of philosophy, mathematics, and music. At 25, he came into a small inheritance from his mother and used a portion of it to repay De Warens for h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Returning to Paris, the penniless Rousseau befriended and became the lover of Thérèse Levasseur, a seamstress who was the sole support of her mother and numerous ne'er-do-well siblings. At first, they did not live together, though later Rousseau took Thérèse and her mother in to live with him as h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Beginning with some articles on music in 1749, Rousseau contributed numerous articles to Diderot and D'Alembert's great "Encyclopédie", the most famous of which was an article on political economy written in 1755. Rousseau's ideas were the result of an almost obsessive dialogue with writers of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau The king was so pleased by the work that he offered Rousseau a lifelong pension. To the exasperation of his friends, Rousseau turned down the great honor, bringing him notoriety as "the man who had refused a king's pension". He also turned down several other advantageous offers, sometimes with a b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau He resented being at Mme. d'Épinay's beck and call and detested the insincere conversation and shallow atheism of the "Encyclopedistes" whom he met at her table. Wounded feelings gave rise to a bitter three-way quarrel between Rousseau and Madame d'Épinay; her lover, the journalist Grimm; and thei... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau The book's rhapsodic descriptions of the natural beauty of the Swiss countryside struck a chord in the public and may have helped spark the subsequent nineteenth-century craze for Alpine scenery. In 1762, Rousseau published "Du Contrat Social, Principes du droit politique" (in English, literally "... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau This religious indifferentism caused Rousseau and his books to be banned from France and Geneva. He was condemned from the pulpit by the Archbishop of Paris, his books were burned and warrants were issued for his arrest. Former friends such as Jacob Vernes of Geneva could not accept his views, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau In July 1762, after Rousseau was informed that he could not continue to reside in Bern, d'Alembert advised him to move to the Principality of Neuchâtel, ruled by Frederick the Great of Prussia. Subsequently, Rousseau accepted an invitation to reside in Môtiers, fifteen miles from Neuchâtel. On 11 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau In the meantime, the local ministers had become aware of the apostasies in some of his writings, and resolved not to let him stay in the vicinity. The Neuchâtel Consistory summoned Rousseau to answer a charge of blasphemy. He wrote back asking to be excused due to his inability to sit for a long t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Although it was within the Canton of Bern, from where he had been expelled two years previously, he was informally assured that he could move into this island house without fear of arrest, and he did so (10 September 1765). However, on 17 October 1765, the Senate of Bern ordered Rousseau to leave ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau On 1 January 1766, Grimm wrote a report to his clientele, in which he included a letter said to have been written by Frederick the Great to Rousseau. This letter had actually been composed by Horace Walpole as a playful hoax. Walpole had never met Rousseau, but he was well acquainted with Diderot ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Afterwards, Garrick served supper for Rousseau who commended Garrick's acting: "Sir, you have made me shed tears at your tragedy, and smile at your comedy, though I scarce understood a word of your language." At this time, Hume had a favorable opinion of Rousseau; in a letter to Madame de Brabanta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau " Since Rousseau was keen to relocate to a more remote location, Richard Davenport—a wealthy and elderly widower who spoke French—offered to accommodate Thérèse and Rousseau at Wootton Hall. On 22 March, Rousseau and Therese set forth for Wootton, against Hume's advice. Hume and Rousseau would nev... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau A further cause for Rousseau's displeasure was his concern that Hume was tampering with his mail. The misunderstanding had arisen because Rousseau tired of receiving voluminous correspondence whose postage he had to pay. Hume offered to open Rousseau's mail himself and forward the important letter... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Grimm included it in his "correspondance"; ultimately, After the dispute became public, due in part to comments from notable publishers like Andrew Millar, Walpole told Hume that quarrels such as this only end up becoming a source of amusement for Europe. Diderot took a charitable view of the mess... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau In June 1768, Rousseau left Trie, leaving Therese behind, and went first to Lyon, and subsequently to Bourgoin. He now invited Therese to this place and "married" her under his alias "Renou" in a faux civil ceremony in Bourgoin on 30 August 1768. In January 1769, Rousseau and Thérèse went to live ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau For defending his reputation against hostile gossip, Rousseau had begun writing the "Confessions" in 1765. In November 1770, these were completed, and although he did not wish to publish them at this time, he began to offer group readings of certain portions of the book. Between December 1770, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau It has been described as his most unreadable work; in the foreword to the book, Rousseau admits that it may be repetitious and disorderly, but he begs the reader's indulgence on the grounds that he needs to defend his reputation from slander before he dies. In 1766, Rousseau had impressed Hume wit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau In 1777, Rousseau received a royal visitor, when the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II came to meet him. His free entry to the Opera had been renewed by this time and he would go there occasionally. At this time also (1777–78), he composed one of his finest works, "Reveries of a Solitary Walker". In th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau All those who met him in his last days agree that he was in a serene frame of mind at this time. On 4 July 1778, Rousseau was buried on the , which became a place of pilgrimage for his many admirers. On 11 October 1794, his remains were moved to the Panthéon, where they were placed near the remain... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Referring to the stage of human development which Rousseau associates with savages, Rousseau writes: The perspective of many of today's environmentalists can be traced back to Rousseau who believed that the more men deviated from the state of nature, the worse off they would be. Espousing the beli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Rousseau's ideas of human development were highly interconnected with forms of mediation, or the processes that individual humans use to interact with themselves and others while using an alternate perspective or thought process. According to Rousseau, these were developed through the innate perfe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Moreover, the opportunities they create for idleness and luxury have contributed to the corruption of man. He proposed that the progress of knowledge had made governments more powerful and had crushed individual liberty; and he concluded that material progress had actually undermined the possibili... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau As long as differences in wealth and status among families were minimal, the first coming together in groups was accompanied by a fleeting golden age of human flourishing. The development of agriculture, metallurgy, private property, and the division of labour and resulting dependency on one anoth... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau To his readers, however, the inescapable conclusion was that a new and more equitable Social Contract was needed. Like other Enlightenment philosophers, Rousseau was critical of the Atlantic slave trade. "The Social Contract" outlines the basis for a legitimate political order within a framework o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau This is because submission to the authority of the general will of the people as a whole guarantees individuals against being subordinated to the wills of others and also ensures that they obey themselves because they are, collectively, the authors of the law. Although Rousseau argues that soverei... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Such was not Rousseau's meaning. This is clear from the "Discourse on Political Economy", where Rousseau emphasizes that the general will exists to protect individuals against the mass, not to require them to be sacrificed to it. He is, of course, sharply aware that men have selfish and sectional ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Rousseau became an early advocate of developmentally appropriate education; his description of the stages of child development mirrors his conception of the evolution of culture. He divides childhood into stages: Rousseau recommends that the young adult learn a manual skill such as carpentry, whic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Rousseau anticipated the modern idea of the bourgeois nuclear family, with the mother at home taking responsibility for the household and for childcare and early education. Feminists, beginning in the late 18th century with Mary Wollstonecraft in 1792, have criticized Rousseau for his confinement ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Having converted to Roman Catholicism early in life and returned to the austere Calvinism of his native Geneva as part of his period of moral reform, Rousseau maintained a profession of that religious philosophy and of John Calvin as a modern lawgiver throughout the remainder of his life. Unlike m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Rousseau's attribution of a spiritual value to the beauty of nature anticipates the attitudes of 19th-century Romanticism towards nature and religion. (Historians—notably William Everdell, Graeme Garrard, and Darrin McMahon—have additionally situated Rousseau within the Counter-Enlightenment.) Rou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau The concept was also an important aspect of the more radical 17th-century republican tradition of Spinoza, from whom Rousseau differed in important respects, but not in his insistence on the importance of equality: Robespierre and Saint-Just, during the Reign of Terror, regarded themselves to be p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau They shared beliefs regarding the self-evidence that "all men are created equal," and the conviction that citizens of a republic be educated at public expense. A parallel can be drawn between the United States Constitution's concept of the "general welfare" and Rousseau's concept of the "general w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau According to Jacques Barzun, Voltaire was annoyed by the first discourse, and outraged by the second. Voltaire's reading of the second discourse was that Rousseau would like the reader to "walk on all fours" befitting a savage. Samuel Johnson told Boswell, "I think him one of the worst of men; a r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau As early as 1788, Madame de Staël published her "Letters on the works and character of J.-J. Rousseau". In 1819, in his famous speech "On Ancient and Modern Liberty", the political philosopher Benjamin Constant, a proponent of constitutional monarchy and representative democracy, criticized Rousse... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau " farmers to fertilize and cultivate land to produce fodder for the sheep, people to shear them, transport the wool, turn it into cloth, and another to tailor and sell it. Those persons engage in economic exchange by nature, and don't need to be ordered to, nor do their efforts need to be centrall... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau The Marquis de Sade's "Justine, or the Misfortunes of Virtue" (1791) partially parodied and used as inspiration Rousseau's sociological and political concepts in the "Discourse on Inequality" and "The Social Contract". Concepts such as the state of nature, civilization being the catalyst for corru... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Charles Dudley Warner wrote about Rousseau in his essay, "Equality"; "Rousseau borrowed from Hobbes as well as from Locke in his conception of popular sovereignty; but this was not his only lack of originality. His discourse on primitive society, his unscientific and unhistoric notions about the o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau " Arthur Melzer, however, while conceding that Rousseau would not have approved of modern nationalism, observes that his theories do contain the "seeds of nationalism", insofar as they set forth the "politics of identification", which are rooted in sympathetic emotion. Melzer also believes that in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Goethe, in 1787, stated: ""Emile" and its sentiments had a universal influence on the cultivated mind." The elegance of Rousseau's writing is held to have inspired a significant transformation in French poetry and drama—freeing them from rigid literary norms. Other writers who were influenced by R... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Rousseau was a successful composer of music, who wrote seven operas as well as music in other forms, and made contributions to music as a theorist. As a composer, his music was a blend of the late Baroque style and the emergent Classical fashion, and he belongs to the same generation of transition... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Rousseau argued that Italian music was superior based on the principle that melody must have priority over harmony. Rameau argued that Italian music was superior based on the principle that harmony must have priority over melody. Rousseau's plead for melody introduced the idea that in art, the fre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15941 |
Karl Popper Sir Karl Raimund Popper (28 July 1902 – 17 September 1994) was an Austrian-born British philosopher, academic and social commentator. One of the 20th century's most influential philosophers of science, Popper is known for his rejection of the classical inductivist views on the scientific method in favour of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16623 |
Karl Popper His father Simon Siegmund Carl Popper was a lawyer from Bohemia and a doctor of law at the Vienna University while his mother Jenny Schiff was of Silesian and Hungarian descent. Popper's uncle was the Austrian philosopher Josef Popper-Lynkeus. After establishing themselves in Vienna, the Poppers made a rapi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16623 |
Karl Popper After the street battle in the Hörlgasse on 15 June 1919, when police shot eight of his unarmed party comrades, he became disillusioned by what he saw as the philosopher Karl Marx's "pseudo-scientific" historical materialism, abandoned the ideology, and remained a supporter of social liberalism throughout h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16623 |
Karl Popper In 1929, he obtained the authorisation to teach mathematics and physics in secondary school, which he started doing. He married his colleague Josefine Anna Henninger (1906–1985) in 1930. Fearing the rise of Nazism and the threat of the "Anschluss", he started to use the evenings and the nights to write his ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16623 |
Karl Popper In 1946, after the Second World War, he moved to the United Kingdom to become reader in logic and scientific method at the London School of Economics. Three years later, in 1949, he was appointed professor of logic and scientific method at the University of London. Popper was president of the Aristotelian S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16623 |
Karl Popper Klagenfurt University has Popper's library, including his precious bibliophilia, as well as hard copies of the original Hoover material and microfilms of the supplementary material. The remaining parts of the estate were mostly transferred to The Charitable Trust. In October 2008 Klagenfurt University acqui... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16623 |
Karl Popper Other awards and recognition for Popper included the City of Vienna Prize for the Humanities (1965), Karl Renner Prize (1978), Austrian Decoration for Science and Art (1980), Dr. Leopold Lucas Prize of the University of Tübingen (1980), Ring of Honour of the City of Vienna (1983) and the Premio Internaziona... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16623 |
Karl Popper The failure of democratic parties to prevent fascism from taking over Austrian politics in the 1920s and 1930s traumatised Popper. He suffered from the direct consequences of this failure, since events after the "Anschluss", the annexation of Austria by the German Reich in 1938, forced him into permanent ex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16623 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.